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6bf7aab6 | 1 | @c This is part of the Emacs manual. |
8913f91b | 2 | @c Copyright (C) 1985, 1986, 1987, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 2000, 2001, |
8d99e09d | 3 | @c 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
6bf7aab6 DL |
4 | @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions. |
5 | @node Calendar/Diary, Gnus, Dired, Top | |
6 | @chapter The Calendar and the Diary | |
7 | @cindex calendar | |
8 | @findex calendar | |
9 | ||
10 | Emacs provides the functions of a desk calendar, with a diary of | |
68d0e2f0 RS |
11 | planned or past events. It also has facilities for managing your |
12 | appointments, and keeping track of how much time you spend working on | |
13 | certain projects. | |
c1ec1a77 EZ |
14 | |
15 | To enter the calendar, type @kbd{M-x calendar}; this displays a | |
16 | three-month calendar centered on the current month, with point on the | |
17 | current date. With a numeric argument, as in @kbd{C-u M-x calendar}, it | |
18 | prompts you for the month and year to be the center of the three-month | |
19 | calendar. The calendar uses its own buffer, whose major mode is | |
20 | Calendar mode. | |
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21 | |
22 | @kbd{Mouse-2} in the calendar brings up a menu of operations on a | |
8913f91b | 23 | particular date; @kbd{Mouse-3} brings up a menu of commonly used |
6bf7aab6 | 24 | calendar features that are independent of any particular date. To exit |
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25 | the calendar, type @kbd{q}. |
26 | ||
c49f972f | 27 | This chapter describes the basic calendar features. |
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28 | @inforef{Advanced Calendar/Diary Usage,, emacs-xtra}, for information |
29 | about more specialized features. | |
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30 | |
31 | @menu | |
32 | * Calendar Motion:: Moving through the calendar; selecting a date. | |
33 | * Scroll Calendar:: Bringing earlier or later months onto the screen. | |
34 | * Counting Days:: How many days are there between two dates? | |
35 | * General Calendar:: Exiting or recomputing the calendar. | |
36 | * LaTeX Calendar:: Print a calendar using LaTeX. | |
37 | * Holidays:: Displaying dates of holidays. | |
38 | * Sunrise/Sunset:: Displaying local times of sunrise and sunset. | |
39 | * Lunar Phases:: Displaying phases of the moon. | |
40 | * Other Calendars:: Converting dates to other calendar systems. | |
41 | * Diary:: Displaying events from your diary. | |
42 | * Appointments:: Reminders when it's time to do something. | |
9beff3e7 | 43 | * Importing Diary:: Converting diary events to/from other formats. |
6bf7aab6 | 44 | * Daylight Savings:: How to specify when daylight savings time is active. |
c1ec1a77 | 45 | * Time Intervals:: Keeping track of time intervals. |
6bf7aab6 DL |
46 | @end menu |
47 | ||
48 | @node Calendar Motion | |
49 | @section Movement in the Calendar | |
50 | ||
51 | @cindex moving inside the calendar | |
c49f972f RS |
52 | Calendar mode provides commands to move through the calendar in |
53 | logical units of time such as days, weeks, months, and years. If you | |
54 | move outside the three months originally displayed, the calendar | |
55 | display ``scrolls'' automatically through time to make the selected | |
56 | date visible. Moving to a date lets you view its holidays or diary | |
57 | entries, or convert it to other calendars; moving by long time periods | |
58 | is also useful simply to scroll the calendar. | |
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59 | |
60 | @menu | |
61 | * Calendar Unit Motion:: Moving by days, weeks, months, and years. | |
62 | * Move to Beginning or End:: Moving to start/end of weeks, months, and years. | |
63 | * Specified Dates:: Moving to the current date or another | |
64 | specific date. | |
65 | @end menu | |
66 | ||
67 | @node Calendar Unit Motion | |
68 | @subsection Motion by Standard Lengths of Time | |
69 | ||
70 | The commands for movement in the calendar buffer parallel the | |
71 | commands for movement in text. You can move forward and backward by | |
72 | days, weeks, months, and years. | |
73 | ||
74 | @table @kbd | |
75 | @item C-f | |
76 | Move point one day forward (@code{calendar-forward-day}). | |
77 | @item C-b | |
78 | Move point one day backward (@code{calendar-backward-day}). | |
79 | @item C-n | |
80 | Move point one week forward (@code{calendar-forward-week}). | |
81 | @item C-p | |
82 | Move point one week backward (@code{calendar-backward-week}). | |
83 | @item M-@} | |
84 | Move point one month forward (@code{calendar-forward-month}). | |
85 | @item M-@{ | |
86 | Move point one month backward (@code{calendar-backward-month}). | |
87 | @item C-x ] | |
88 | Move point one year forward (@code{calendar-forward-year}). | |
89 | @item C-x [ | |
90 | Move point one year backward (@code{calendar-backward-year}). | |
91 | @end table | |
92 | ||
93 | @kindex C-f @r{(Calendar mode)} | |
94 | @findex calendar-forward-day | |
95 | @kindex C-b @r{(Calendar mode)} | |
96 | @findex calendar-backward-day | |
97 | @kindex C-n @r{(Calendar mode)} | |
98 | @findex calendar-forward-week | |
99 | @kindex C-p @r{(Calendar mode)} | |
100 | @findex calendar-backward-week | |
101 | The day and week commands are natural analogues of the usual Emacs | |
102 | commands for moving by characters and by lines. Just as @kbd{C-n} | |
103 | usually moves to the same column in the following line, in Calendar | |
104 | mode it moves to the same day in the following week. And @kbd{C-p} | |
105 | moves to the same day in the previous week. | |
106 | ||
107 | The arrow keys are equivalent to @kbd{C-f}, @kbd{C-b}, @kbd{C-n} and | |
108 | @kbd{C-p}, just as they normally are in other modes. | |
109 | ||
110 | @kindex M-@} @r{(Calendar mode)} | |
111 | @findex calendar-forward-month | |
112 | @kindex M-@{ @r{(Calendar mode)} | |
113 | @findex calendar-backward-month | |
114 | @kindex C-x ] @r{(Calendar mode)} | |
115 | @findex calendar-forward-year | |
116 | @kindex C-x [ @r{(Calendar mode)} | |
117 | @findex calendar-forward-year | |
118 | The commands for motion by months and years work like those for | |
119 | weeks, but move a larger distance. The month commands @kbd{M-@}} and | |
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120 | @kbd{M-@{} move forward or backward by an entire month. The year |
121 | commands @kbd{C-x ]} and @w{@kbd{C-x [}} move forward or backward a | |
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122 | whole year. |
123 | ||
124 | The easiest way to remember these commands is to consider months and | |
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125 | years analogous to paragraphs and pages of text, respectively. But |
126 | the commands themselves are not quite analogous. The ordinary Emacs | |
127 | paragraph commands move to the beginning or end of a paragraph, | |
128 | whereas these month and year commands move by an entire month or an | |
129 | entire year, keeping the same date within the month or year. | |
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130 | |
131 | All these commands accept a numeric argument as a repeat count. | |
132 | For convenience, the digit keys and the minus sign specify numeric | |
133 | arguments in Calendar mode even without the Meta modifier. For example, | |
134 | @kbd{100 C-f} moves point 100 days forward from its present location. | |
135 | ||
136 | @node Move to Beginning or End | |
137 | @subsection Beginning or End of Week, Month or Year | |
138 | ||
139 | A week (or month, or year) is not just a quantity of days; we think of | |
140 | weeks (months, years) as starting on particular dates. So Calendar mode | |
141 | provides commands to move to the beginning or end of a week, month or | |
142 | year: | |
143 | ||
144 | @table @kbd | |
145 | @kindex C-a @r{(Calendar mode)} | |
146 | @findex calendar-beginning-of-week | |
147 | @item C-a | |
148 | Move point to start of week (@code{calendar-beginning-of-week}). | |
149 | @kindex C-e @r{(Calendar mode)} | |
150 | @findex calendar-end-of-week | |
151 | @item C-e | |
152 | Move point to end of week (@code{calendar-end-of-week}). | |
153 | @kindex M-a @r{(Calendar mode)} | |
154 | @findex calendar-beginning-of-month | |
155 | @item M-a | |
156 | Move point to start of month (@code{calendar-beginning-of-month}). | |
157 | @kindex M-e @r{(Calendar mode)} | |
158 | @findex calendar-end-of-month | |
159 | @item M-e | |
160 | Move point to end of month (@code{calendar-end-of-month}). | |
161 | @kindex M-< @r{(Calendar mode)} | |
162 | @findex calendar-beginning-of-year | |
163 | @item M-< | |
164 | Move point to start of year (@code{calendar-beginning-of-year}). | |
165 | @kindex M-> @r{(Calendar mode)} | |
166 | @findex calendar-end-of-year | |
167 | @item M-> | |
168 | Move point to end of year (@code{calendar-end-of-year}). | |
169 | @end table | |
170 | ||
171 | These commands also take numeric arguments as repeat counts, with the | |
172 | repeat count indicating how many weeks, months, or years to move | |
173 | backward or forward. | |
174 | ||
175 | @vindex calendar-week-start-day | |
176 | @cindex weeks, which day they start on | |
177 | @cindex calendar, first day of week | |
178 | By default, weeks begin on Sunday. To make them begin on Monday | |
179 | instead, set the variable @code{calendar-week-start-day} to 1. | |
180 | ||
181 | @node Specified Dates | |
182 | @subsection Specified Dates | |
183 | ||
184 | Calendar mode provides commands for moving to a particular date | |
185 | specified in various ways. | |
186 | ||
187 | @table @kbd | |
188 | @item g d | |
189 | Move point to specified date (@code{calendar-goto-date}). | |
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190 | @item g D |
191 | Move point to specified day of year (@code{calendar-goto-day-of-year}). | |
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192 | @item g w |
193 | Move point to specified week of year (@code{calendar-goto-iso-week}). | |
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194 | @item o |
195 | Center calendar around specified month (@code{calendar-other-month}). | |
196 | @item . | |
197 | Move point to today's date (@code{calendar-goto-today}). | |
198 | @end table | |
199 | ||
200 | @kindex g d @r{(Calendar mode)} | |
201 | @findex calendar-goto-date | |
202 | @kbd{g d} (@code{calendar-goto-date}) prompts for a year, a month, and a day | |
203 | of the month, and then moves to that date. Because the calendar includes all | |
204 | dates from the beginning of the current era, you must type the year in its | |
205 | entirety; that is, type @samp{1990}, not @samp{90}. | |
206 | ||
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207 | @kindex g D @r{(Calendar mode)} |
208 | @findex calendar-goto-day-of-year | |
39c7a3b5 RS |
209 | @kindex g w @r{(Calendar mode)} |
210 | @findex calendar-goto-iso-week | |
c34ff8ac | 211 | @kbd{g D} (@code{calendar-goto-day-of-year}) prompts for a year and |
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212 | day number, and moves to that date. Negative day numbers count |
213 | backward from the end of the year. @kbd{g w} | |
214 | (@code{calendar-goto-iso-week}) prompts for a year and week number, | |
215 | and moves to that week. | |
c34ff8ac | 216 | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
217 | @kindex o @r{(Calendar mode)} |
218 | @findex calendar-other-month | |
219 | @kbd{o} (@code{calendar-other-month}) prompts for a month and year, | |
220 | then centers the three-month calendar around that month. | |
221 | ||
222 | @kindex . @r{(Calendar mode)} | |
223 | @findex calendar-goto-today | |
224 | You can return to today's date with @kbd{.}@: | |
225 | (@code{calendar-goto-today}). | |
226 | ||
227 | @node Scroll Calendar | |
228 | @section Scrolling in the Calendar | |
229 | ||
230 | @cindex scrolling in the calendar | |
0ec1f115 RS |
231 | The calendar display scrolls automatically through time when you |
232 | move out of the visible portion. You can also scroll it manually. | |
233 | Imagine that the calendar window contains a long strip of paper with | |
234 | the months on it. Scrolling the calendar means moving the strip | |
235 | horizontally, so that new months become visible in the window. | |
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236 | |
237 | @table @kbd | |
92c4954e | 238 | @item < |
6bf7aab6 | 239 | Scroll calendar one month forward (@code{scroll-calendar-left}). |
92c4954e | 240 | @item > |
6bf7aab6 DL |
241 | Scroll calendar one month backward (@code{scroll-calendar-right}). |
242 | @item C-v | |
243 | @itemx @key{NEXT} | |
244 | Scroll calendar three months forward | |
245 | (@code{scroll-calendar-left-three-months}). | |
246 | @item M-v | |
247 | @itemx @key{PRIOR} | |
248 | Scroll calendar three months backward | |
249 | (@code{scroll-calendar-right-three-months}). | |
250 | @end table | |
251 | ||
92c4954e | 252 | @kindex < @r{(Calendar mode)} |
6bf7aab6 | 253 | @findex scroll-calendar-left |
92c4954e | 254 | @kindex > @r{(Calendar mode)} |
6bf7aab6 DL |
255 | @findex scroll-calendar-right |
256 | The most basic calendar scroll commands scroll by one month at a | |
257 | time. This means that there are two months of overlap between the | |
92c4954e | 258 | display before the command and the display after. @kbd{<} scrolls |
6bf7aab6 | 259 | the calendar contents one month to the left; that is, it moves the |
92c4954e | 260 | display forward in time. @kbd{>} scrolls the contents to the |
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261 | right, which moves backwards in time. |
262 | ||
263 | @kindex C-v @r{(Calendar mode)} | |
264 | @findex scroll-calendar-left-three-months | |
265 | @kindex M-v @r{(Calendar mode)} | |
266 | @findex scroll-calendar-right-three-months | |
267 | The commands @kbd{C-v} and @kbd{M-v} scroll the calendar by an entire | |
268 | ``screenful''---three months---in analogy with the usual meaning of | |
269 | these commands. @kbd{C-v} makes later dates visible and @kbd{M-v} makes | |
270 | earlier dates visible. These commands take a numeric argument as a | |
271 | repeat count; in particular, since @kbd{C-u} multiplies the next command | |
272 | by four, typing @kbd{C-u C-v} scrolls the calendar forward by a year and | |
273 | typing @kbd{C-u M-v} scrolls the calendar backward by a year. | |
274 | ||
275 | The function keys @key{NEXT} and @key{PRIOR} are equivalent to | |
276 | @kbd{C-v} and @kbd{M-v}, just as they are in other modes. | |
277 | ||
278 | @node Counting Days | |
279 | @section Counting Days | |
280 | ||
281 | @table @kbd | |
282 | @item M-= | |
283 | Display the number of days in the current region | |
284 | (@code{calendar-count-days-region}). | |
285 | @end table | |
286 | ||
287 | @kindex M-= @r{(Calendar mode)} | |
288 | @findex calendar-count-days-region | |
289 | To determine the number of days in the region, type @kbd{M-=} | |
1ba2ce68 | 290 | (@code{calendar-count-days-region}). The numbers of days shown is |
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291 | @emph{inclusive}; that is, it includes the days specified by mark and |
292 | point. | |
293 | ||
294 | @node General Calendar | |
295 | @section Miscellaneous Calendar Commands | |
296 | ||
297 | @table @kbd | |
298 | @item p d | |
299 | Display day-in-year (@code{calendar-print-day-of-year}). | |
300 | @item C-c C-l | |
301 | Regenerate the calendar window (@code{redraw-calendar}). | |
302 | @item SPC | |
1536b3f7 GM |
303 | Scroll the next window up (@code{scroll-other-window}). |
304 | @item DEL | |
305 | Scroll the next window down (@code{scroll-other-window-down}). | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
306 | @item q |
307 | Exit from calendar (@code{exit-calendar}). | |
308 | @end table | |
309 | ||
310 | @kindex p d @r{(Calendar mode)} | |
311 | @cindex day of year | |
312 | @findex calendar-print-day-of-year | |
1ba2ce68 | 313 | To display the number of days elapsed since the start of the year, or |
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314 | the number of days remaining in the year, type the @kbd{p d} command |
315 | (@code{calendar-print-day-of-year}). This displays both of those | |
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316 | numbers in the echo area. The count of days elapsed includes the |
317 | selected date. The count of days remaining does not include that | |
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318 | date. |
319 | ||
320 | @kindex C-c C-l @r{(Calendar mode)} | |
321 | @findex redraw-calendar | |
322 | If the calendar window text gets corrupted, type @kbd{C-c C-l} | |
323 | (@code{redraw-calendar}) to redraw it. (This can only happen if you use | |
324 | non-Calendar-mode editing commands.) | |
325 | ||
326 | @kindex SPC @r{(Calendar mode)} | |
327 | In Calendar mode, you can use @kbd{SPC} (@code{scroll-other-window}) | |
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328 | and @kbd{DEL} (@code{scroll-other-window-down}) to scroll the other |
329 | window up or down, respectively. This is handy when you display a list | |
330 | of holidays or diary entries in another window. | |
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331 | |
332 | @kindex q @r{(Calendar mode)} | |
333 | @findex exit-calendar | |
334 | To exit from the calendar, type @kbd{q} (@code{exit-calendar}). This | |
335 | buries all buffers related to the calendar, selecting other buffers. | |
336 | (If a frame contains a dedicated calendar window, exiting from the | |
337 | calendar iconifies that frame.) | |
338 | ||
339 | @node LaTeX Calendar | |
340 | @section LaTeX Calendar | |
341 | @cindex calendar and La@TeX{} | |
342 | ||
343 | The Calendar La@TeX{} commands produce a buffer of La@TeX{} code that | |
344 | prints as a calendar. Depending on the command you use, the printed | |
345 | calendar covers the day, week, month or year that point is in. | |
346 | ||
347 | @kindex t @r{(Calendar mode)} | |
348 | @table @kbd | |
349 | @item t m | |
350 | Generate a one-month calendar (@code{cal-tex-cursor-month}). | |
351 | @item t M | |
352 | Generate a sideways-printing one-month calendar | |
353 | (@code{cal-tex-cursor-month-landscape}). | |
354 | @item t d | |
355 | Generate a one-day calendar | |
356 | (@code{cal-tex-cursor-day}). | |
357 | @item t w 1 | |
358 | Generate a one-page calendar for one week | |
359 | (@code{cal-tex-cursor-week}). | |
360 | @item t w 2 | |
361 | Generate a two-page calendar for one week | |
362 | (@code{cal-tex-cursor-week2}). | |
363 | @item t w 3 | |
364 | Generate an ISO-style calendar for one week | |
365 | (@code{cal-tex-cursor-week-iso}). | |
366 | @item t w 4 | |
367 | Generate a calendar for one Monday-starting week | |
368 | (@code{cal-tex-cursor-week-monday}). | |
369 | @item t f w | |
370 | Generate a Filofax-style two-weeks-at-a-glance calendar | |
371 | (@code{cal-tex-cursor-filofax-2week}). | |
372 | @item t f W | |
373 | Generate a Filofax-style one-week-at-a-glance calendar | |
374 | (@code{cal-tex-cursor-filofax-week}). | |
375 | @item t y | |
376 | Generate a calendar for one year | |
377 | (@code{cal-tex-cursor-year}). | |
378 | @item t Y | |
379 | Generate a sideways-printing calendar for one year | |
380 | (@code{cal-tex-cursor-year-landscape}). | |
381 | @item t f y | |
382 | Generate a Filofax-style calendar for one year | |
383 | (@code{cal-tex-cursor-filofax-year}). | |
384 | @end table | |
385 | ||
386 | Some of these commands print the calendar sideways (in ``landscape | |
387 | mode''), so it can be wider than it is long. Some of them use Filofax | |
388 | paper size (3.75in x 6.75in). All of these commands accept a prefix | |
389 | argument which specifies how many days, weeks, months or years to print | |
390 | (starting always with the selected one). | |
391 | ||
392 | If the variable @code{cal-tex-holidays} is non-@code{nil} (the default), | |
393 | then the printed calendars show the holidays in @code{calendar-holidays}. | |
394 | If the variable @code{cal-tex-diary} is non-@code{nil} (the default is | |
395 | @code{nil}), diary entries are included also (in weekly and monthly | |
396 | calendars only). If the variable @code{cal-tex-rules} is non-@code{nil} | |
68d0e2f0 | 397 | (the default is @code{nil}), the calendar displays ruled pages |
db05690c GM |
398 | in styles that have sufficient room. You can use the variable |
399 | @code{cal-tex-preamble-extra} to insert extra LaTeX commands in the | |
400 | preamble of the generated document if you need to. | |
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401 | |
402 | @node Holidays | |
403 | @section Holidays | |
404 | @cindex holidays | |
405 | ||
406 | The Emacs calendar knows about all major and many minor holidays, | |
407 | and can display them. | |
408 | ||
409 | @table @kbd | |
410 | @item h | |
411 | Display holidays for the selected date | |
412 | (@code{calendar-cursor-holidays}). | |
413 | @item Mouse-2 Holidays | |
414 | Display any holidays for the date you click on. | |
415 | @item x | |
416 | Mark holidays in the calendar window (@code{mark-calendar-holidays}). | |
417 | @item u | |
418 | Unmark calendar window (@code{calendar-unmark}). | |
419 | @item a | |
420 | List all holidays for the displayed three months in another window | |
421 | (@code{list-calendar-holidays}). | |
422 | @item M-x holidays | |
423 | List all holidays for three months around today's date in another | |
424 | window. | |
425 | @item M-x list-holidays | |
426 | List holidays in another window for a specified range of years. | |
427 | @end table | |
428 | ||
429 | @kindex h @r{(Calendar mode)} | |
430 | @findex calendar-cursor-holidays | |
8913f91b | 431 | @vindex view-calendar-holidays-initially |
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432 | To see if any holidays fall on a given date, position point on that |
433 | date in the calendar window and use the @kbd{h} command. Alternatively, | |
434 | click on that date with @kbd{Mouse-2} and then choose @kbd{Holidays} | |
435 | from the menu that appears. Either way, this displays the holidays for | |
436 | that date, in the echo area if they fit there, otherwise in a separate | |
c49f972f | 437 | window. |
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438 | |
439 | @kindex x @r{(Calendar mode)} | |
440 | @findex mark-calendar-holidays | |
441 | @kindex u @r{(Calendar mode)} | |
442 | @findex calendar-unmark | |
8913f91b | 443 | @vindex mark-holidays-in-calendar |
6bf7aab6 DL |
444 | To view the distribution of holidays for all the dates shown in the |
445 | calendar, use the @kbd{x} command. This displays the dates that are | |
446 | holidays in a different face (or places a @samp{*} after these dates, if | |
1fa7647f GM |
447 | display with multiple faces is not available). @inforef{Calendar |
448 | Customizing, calendar-holiday-marker, emacs-xtra}. The command applies | |
449 | both to the currently visible months and to other months that | |
450 | subsequently become visible by scrolling. To turn marking off and erase | |
451 | the current marks, type @kbd{u}, which also erases any diary marks | |
452 | (@pxref{Diary}). If the variable @code{mark-holidays-in-calendar} is | |
a20cba2c RS |
453 | non-@code{nil}, creating or updating the calendar marks holidays |
454 | automatically. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
455 | |
456 | @kindex a @r{(Calendar mode)} | |
457 | @findex list-calendar-holidays | |
458 | To get even more detailed information, use the @kbd{a} command, which | |
459 | displays a separate buffer containing a list of all holidays in the | |
1536b3f7 GM |
460 | current three-month range. You can use @key{SPC} and @key{DEL} in the |
461 | calendar window to scroll that list up and down, respectively. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
462 | |
463 | @findex holidays | |
464 | The command @kbd{M-x holidays} displays the list of holidays for the | |
465 | current month and the preceding and succeeding months; this works even | |
c49f972f RS |
466 | if you don't have a calendar window. If the variable |
467 | @code{view-calendar-holidays-initially} is non-@code{nil}, creating | |
468 | the calendar displays holidays in this way. If you want the list of | |
469 | holidays centered around a different month, use @kbd{C-u M-x | |
470 | holidays}, which prompts for the month and year. | |
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471 | |
472 | The holidays known to Emacs include United States holidays and the | |
3ade370a GM |
473 | major Christian, Jewish, and Islamic holidays; also the solstices and |
474 | equinoxes. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
475 | |
476 | @findex list-holidays | |
477 | The command @kbd{M-x list-holidays} displays the list of holidays for | |
478 | a range of years. This function asks you for the starting and stopping | |
479 | years, and allows you to choose all the holidays or one of several | |
480 | categories of holidays. You can use this command even if you don't have | |
481 | a calendar window. | |
482 | ||
483 | The dates used by Emacs for holidays are based on @emph{current | |
484 | practice}, not historical fact. Historically, for instance, the start | |
485 | of daylight savings time and even its existence have varied from year to | |
486 | year, but present United States law mandates that daylight savings time | |
487 | begins on the first Sunday in April. When the daylight savings rules | |
488 | are set up for the United States, Emacs always uses the present | |
489 | definition, even though it is wrong for some prior years. | |
490 | ||
491 | @node Sunrise/Sunset | |
492 | @section Times of Sunrise and Sunset | |
493 | @cindex sunrise and sunset | |
494 | ||
495 | Special calendar commands can tell you, to within a minute or two, the | |
496 | times of sunrise and sunset for any date. | |
497 | ||
498 | @table @kbd | |
499 | @item S | |
500 | Display times of sunrise and sunset for the selected date | |
501 | (@code{calendar-sunrise-sunset}). | |
505b55e6 | 502 | @item Mouse-2 Sunrise/sunset |
6bf7aab6 DL |
503 | Display times of sunrise and sunset for the date you click on. |
504 | @item M-x sunrise-sunset | |
505 | Display times of sunrise and sunset for today's date. | |
506 | @item C-u M-x sunrise-sunset | |
507 | Display times of sunrise and sunset for a specified date. | |
508 | @end table | |
509 | ||
510 | @kindex S @r{(Calendar mode)} | |
511 | @findex calendar-sunrise-sunset | |
512 | @findex sunrise-sunset | |
513 | Within the calendar, to display the @emph{local times} of sunrise and | |
514 | sunset in the echo area, move point to the date you want, and type | |
515 | @kbd{S}. Alternatively, click @kbd{Mouse-2} on the date, then choose | |
505b55e6 | 516 | @samp{Sunrise/sunset} from the menu that appears. The command @kbd{M-x |
6bf7aab6 DL |
517 | sunrise-sunset} is available outside the calendar to display this |
518 | information for today's date or a specified date. To specify a date | |
519 | other than today, use @kbd{C-u M-x sunrise-sunset}, which prompts for | |
520 | the year, month, and day. | |
521 | ||
522 | You can display the times of sunrise and sunset for any location and | |
523 | any date with @kbd{C-u C-u M-x sunrise-sunset}. This asks you for a | |
524 | longitude, latitude, number of minutes difference from Coordinated | |
525 | Universal Time, and date, and then tells you the times of sunrise and | |
526 | sunset for that location on that date. | |
527 | ||
528 | Because the times of sunrise and sunset depend on the location on | |
529 | earth, you need to tell Emacs your latitude, longitude, and location | |
530 | name before using these commands. Here is an example of what to set: | |
531 | ||
532 | @vindex calendar-location-name | |
533 | @vindex calendar-longitude | |
534 | @vindex calendar-latitude | |
535 | @example | |
536 | (setq calendar-latitude 40.1) | |
537 | (setq calendar-longitude -88.2) | |
538 | (setq calendar-location-name "Urbana, IL") | |
539 | @end example | |
540 | ||
541 | @noindent | |
542 | Use one decimal place in the values of @code{calendar-latitude} and | |
543 | @code{calendar-longitude}. | |
544 | ||
545 | Your time zone also affects the local time of sunrise and sunset. | |
546 | Emacs usually gets time zone information from the operating system, but | |
547 | if these values are not what you want (or if the operating system does | |
548 | not supply them), you must set them yourself. Here is an example: | |
549 | ||
550 | @vindex calendar-time-zone | |
551 | @vindex calendar-standard-time-zone-name | |
552 | @vindex calendar-daylight-time-zone-name | |
553 | @example | |
554 | (setq calendar-time-zone -360) | |
555 | (setq calendar-standard-time-zone-name "CST") | |
556 | (setq calendar-daylight-time-zone-name "CDT") | |
557 | @end example | |
558 | ||
559 | @noindent | |
560 | The value of @code{calendar-time-zone} is the number of minutes | |
561 | difference between your local standard time and Coordinated Universal | |
562 | Time (Greenwich time). The values of | |
563 | @code{calendar-standard-time-zone-name} and | |
564 | @code{calendar-daylight-time-zone-name} are the abbreviations used in | |
565 | your time zone. Emacs displays the times of sunrise and sunset | |
566 | @emph{corrected for daylight savings time}. @xref{Daylight Savings}, | |
567 | for how daylight savings time is determined. | |
568 | ||
569 | As a user, you might find it convenient to set the calendar location | |
570 | variables for your usual physical location in your @file{.emacs} file. | |
571 | And when you install Emacs on a machine, you can create a | |
572 | @file{default.el} file which sets them properly for the typical location | |
573 | of most users of that machine. @xref{Init File}. | |
574 | ||
575 | @node Lunar Phases | |
576 | @section Phases of the Moon | |
577 | @cindex phases of the moon | |
578 | @cindex moon, phases of | |
579 | ||
580 | These calendar commands display the dates and times of the phases of | |
581 | the moon (new moon, first quarter, full moon, last quarter). This | |
582 | feature is useful for debugging problems that ``depend on the phase of | |
583 | the moon.'' | |
584 | ||
585 | @table @kbd | |
586 | @item M | |
587 | Display the dates and times for all the quarters of the moon for the | |
588 | three-month period shown (@code{calendar-phases-of-moon}). | |
589 | @item M-x phases-of-moon | |
590 | Display dates and times of the quarters of the moon for three months around | |
591 | today's date. | |
592 | @end table | |
593 | ||
594 | @kindex M @r{(Calendar mode)} | |
595 | @findex calendar-phases-of-moon | |
596 | Within the calendar, use the @kbd{M} command to display a separate | |
597 | buffer of the phases of the moon for the current three-month range. The | |
598 | dates and times listed are accurate to within a few minutes. | |
599 | ||
600 | @findex phases-of-moon | |
601 | Outside the calendar, use the command @kbd{M-x phases-of-moon} to | |
602 | display the list of the phases of the moon for the current month and the | |
603 | preceding and succeeding months. For information about a different | |
604 | month, use @kbd{C-u M-x phases-of-moon}, which prompts for the month and | |
605 | year. | |
606 | ||
607 | The dates and times given for the phases of the moon are given in | |
608 | local time (corrected for daylight savings, when appropriate); but if | |
609 | the variable @code{calendar-time-zone} is void, Coordinated Universal | |
610 | Time (the Greenwich time zone) is used. @xref{Daylight Savings}. | |
611 | ||
612 | @node Other Calendars | |
613 | @section Conversion To and From Other Calendars | |
614 | ||
615 | @cindex Gregorian calendar | |
616 | The Emacs calendar displayed is @emph{always} the Gregorian calendar, | |
617 | sometimes called the ``new style'' calendar, which is used in most of | |
618 | the world today. However, this calendar did not exist before the | |
619 | sixteenth century and was not widely used before the eighteenth century; | |
620 | it did not fully displace the Julian calendar and gain universal | |
621 | acceptance until the early twentieth century. The Emacs calendar can | |
622 | display any month since January, year 1 of the current era, but the | |
623 | calendar displayed is the Gregorian, even for a date at which the | |
624 | Gregorian calendar did not exist. | |
625 | ||
626 | While Emacs cannot display other calendars, it can convert dates to | |
627 | and from several other calendars. | |
628 | ||
629 | @menu | |
630 | * Calendar Systems:: The calendars Emacs understands | |
631 | (aside from Gregorian). | |
632 | * To Other Calendar:: Converting the selected date to various calendars. | |
633 | * From Other Calendar:: Moving to a date specified in another calendar. | |
634 | * Mayan Calendar:: Moving to a date specified in a Mayan calendar. | |
635 | @end menu | |
636 | ||
637 | @node Calendar Systems | |
638 | @subsection Supported Calendar Systems | |
639 | ||
640 | @cindex ISO commercial calendar | |
641 | The ISO commercial calendar is used largely in Europe. | |
642 | ||
643 | @cindex Julian calendar | |
644 | The Julian calendar, named after Julius Caesar, was the one used in Europe | |
645 | throughout medieval times, and in many countries up until the nineteenth | |
646 | century. | |
647 | ||
648 | @cindex Julian day numbers | |
649 | @cindex astronomical day numbers | |
650 | Astronomers use a simple counting of days elapsed since noon, Monday, | |
651 | January 1, 4713 B.C. on the Julian calendar. The number of days elapsed | |
4946337d | 652 | is called the @dfn{Julian day number} or the @dfn{Astronomical day number}. |
6bf7aab6 DL |
653 | |
654 | @cindex Hebrew calendar | |
655 | The Hebrew calendar is used by tradition in the Jewish religion. The | |
656 | Emacs calendar program uses the Hebrew calendar to determine the dates | |
657 | of Jewish holidays. Hebrew calendar dates begin and end at sunset. | |
658 | ||
659 | @cindex Islamic calendar | |
660 | The Islamic calendar is used in many predominantly Islamic countries. | |
661 | Emacs uses it to determine the dates of Islamic holidays. There is no | |
662 | universal agreement in the Islamic world about the calendar; Emacs uses | |
663 | a widely accepted version, but the precise dates of Islamic holidays | |
664 | often depend on proclamation by religious authorities, not on | |
665 | calculations. As a consequence, the actual dates of observance can vary | |
666 | slightly from the dates computed by Emacs. Islamic calendar dates begin | |
667 | and end at sunset. | |
668 | ||
669 | @cindex French Revolutionary calendar | |
670 | The French Revolutionary calendar was created by the Jacobins after the 1789 | |
671 | revolution, to represent a more secular and nature-based view of the annual | |
672 | cycle, and to install a 10-day week in a rationalization measure similar to | |
673 | the metric system. The French government officially abandoned this | |
674 | calendar at the end of 1805. | |
675 | ||
676 | @cindex Mayan calendar | |
677 | The Maya of Central America used three separate, overlapping calendar | |
678 | systems, the @emph{long count}, the @emph{tzolkin}, and the @emph{haab}. | |
679 | Emacs knows about all three of these calendars. Experts dispute the | |
680 | exact correlation between the Mayan calendar and our calendar; Emacs uses the | |
681 | Goodman-Martinez-Thompson correlation in its calculations. | |
682 | ||
683 | @cindex Coptic calendar | |
684 | @cindex Ethiopic calendar | |
685 | The Copts use a calendar based on the ancient Egyptian solar calendar. | |
686 | Their calendar consists of twelve 30-day months followed by an extra | |
687 | five-day period. Once every fourth year they add a leap day to this | |
688 | extra period to make it six days. The Ethiopic calendar is identical in | |
689 | structure, but has different year numbers and month names. | |
690 | ||
691 | @cindex Persian calendar | |
692 | The Persians use a solar calendar based on a design of Omar Khayyam. | |
693 | Their calendar consists of twelve months of which the first six have 31 | |
694 | days, the next five have 30 days, and the last has 29 in ordinary years | |
695 | and 30 in leap years. Leap years occur in a complicated pattern every | |
696 | four or five years. | |
d0e50224 PE |
697 | The calendar implemented here is the arithmetical Persian calendar |
698 | championed by Birashk, based on a 2,820-year cycle. It differs from | |
699 | the astronomical Persian calendar, which is based on astronomical | |
700 | events. As of this writing the first future discrepancy is projected | |
701 | to occur on March 20, 2025. It is currently not clear what the | |
702 | official calendar of Iran will be that far into the future. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
703 | |
704 | @cindex Chinese calendar | |
705 | The Chinese calendar is a complicated system of lunar months arranged | |
706 | into solar years. The years go in cycles of sixty, each year containing | |
707 | either twelve months in an ordinary year or thirteen months in a leap | |
708 | year; each month has either 29 or 30 days. Years, ordinary months, and | |
709 | days are named by combining one of ten ``celestial stems'' with one of | |
710 | twelve ``terrestrial branches'' for a total of sixty names that are | |
711 | repeated in a cycle of sixty. | |
712 | ||
713 | @node To Other Calendar | |
714 | @subsection Converting To Other Calendars | |
715 | ||
716 | The following commands describe the selected date (the date at point) | |
717 | in various other calendar systems: | |
718 | ||
719 | @table @kbd | |
505b55e6 | 720 | @item Mouse-2 Other calendars |
6bf7aab6 DL |
721 | Display the date that you click on, expressed in various other calendars. |
722 | @kindex p @r{(Calendar mode)} | |
723 | @findex calendar-print-iso-date | |
724 | @item p c | |
725 | Display ISO commercial calendar equivalent for selected day | |
726 | (@code{calendar-print-iso-date}). | |
727 | @findex calendar-print-julian-date | |
728 | @item p j | |
729 | Display Julian date for selected day (@code{calendar-print-julian-date}). | |
730 | @findex calendar-print-astro-day-number | |
731 | @item p a | |
732 | Display astronomical (Julian) day number for selected day | |
733 | (@code{calendar-print-astro-day-number}). | |
734 | @findex calendar-print-hebrew-date | |
735 | @item p h | |
736 | Display Hebrew date for selected day (@code{calendar-print-hebrew-date}). | |
737 | @findex calendar-print-islamic-date | |
738 | @item p i | |
739 | Display Islamic date for selected day (@code{calendar-print-islamic-date}). | |
740 | @findex calendar-print-french-date | |
741 | @item p f | |
742 | Display French Revolutionary date for selected day | |
743 | (@code{calendar-print-french-date}). | |
744 | @findex calendar-print-chinese-date | |
745 | @item p C | |
746 | Display Chinese date for selected day | |
747 | (@code{calendar-print-chinese-date}). | |
748 | @findex calendar-print-coptic-date | |
749 | @item p k | |
750 | Display Coptic date for selected day | |
751 | (@code{calendar-print-coptic-date}). | |
752 | @findex calendar-print-ethiopic-date | |
753 | @item p e | |
754 | Display Ethiopic date for selected day | |
755 | (@code{calendar-print-ethiopic-date}). | |
756 | @findex calendar-print-persian-date | |
757 | @item p p | |
758 | Display Persian date for selected day | |
759 | (@code{calendar-print-persian-date}). | |
760 | @findex calendar-print-mayan-date | |
761 | @item p m | |
762 | Display Mayan date for selected day (@code{calendar-print-mayan-date}). | |
763 | @end table | |
764 | ||
765 | If you are using X, the easiest way to translate a date into other | |
766 | calendars is to click on it with @kbd{Mouse-2}, then choose @kbd{Other | |
505b55e6 | 767 | calendars} from the menu that appears. This displays the equivalent |
6bf7aab6 DL |
768 | forms of the date in all the calendars Emacs understands, in the form of |
769 | a menu. (Choosing an alternative from this menu doesn't actually do | |
770 | anything---the menu is used only for display.) | |
771 | ||
505b55e6 RS |
772 | Otherwise, move point to the date you want to convert, then type the |
773 | appropriate command starting with @kbd{p} from the table above. The | |
774 | prefix @kbd{p} is a mnemonic for ``print,'' since Emacs ``prints'' the | |
775 | equivalent date in the echo area. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
776 | |
777 | @node From Other Calendar | |
778 | @subsection Converting From Other Calendars | |
779 | ||
780 | You can use the other supported calendars to specify a date to move | |
781 | to. This section describes the commands for doing this using calendars | |
782 | other than Mayan; for the Mayan calendar, see the following section. | |
783 | ||
784 | @kindex g @var{char} @r{(Calendar mode)} | |
785 | @findex calendar-goto-iso-date | |
6e7d9eae | 786 | @findex calendar-goto-iso-week |
6bf7aab6 DL |
787 | @findex calendar-goto-julian-date |
788 | @findex calendar-goto-astro-day-number | |
789 | @findex calendar-goto-hebrew-date | |
790 | @findex calendar-goto-islamic-date | |
791 | @findex calendar-goto-french-date | |
792 | @findex calendar-goto-chinese-date | |
793 | @findex calendar-goto-persian-date | |
794 | @findex calendar-goto-coptic-date | |
795 | @findex calendar-goto-ethiopic-date | |
796 | @table @kbd | |
797 | @item g c | |
798 | Move to a date specified in the ISO commercial calendar | |
799 | (@code{calendar-goto-iso-date}). | |
6e7d9eae GM |
800 | @item g w |
801 | Move to a week specified in the ISO commercial calendar | |
802 | (@code{calendar-goto-iso-week}). | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
803 | @item g j |
804 | Move to a date specified in the Julian calendar | |
805 | (@code{calendar-goto-julian-date}). | |
806 | @item g a | |
bb124d48 | 807 | Move to a date specified with an astronomical (Julian) day number |
6bf7aab6 DL |
808 | (@code{calendar-goto-astro-day-number}). |
809 | @item g h | |
810 | Move to a date specified in the Hebrew calendar | |
811 | (@code{calendar-goto-hebrew-date}). | |
812 | @item g i | |
813 | Move to a date specified in the Islamic calendar | |
814 | (@code{calendar-goto-islamic-date}). | |
815 | @item g f | |
816 | Move to a date specified in the French Revolutionary calendar | |
817 | (@code{calendar-goto-french-date}). | |
818 | @item g C | |
819 | Move to a date specified in the Chinese calendar | |
820 | (@code{calendar-goto-chinese-date}). | |
821 | @item g p | |
822 | Move to a date specified in the Persian calendar | |
823 | (@code{calendar-goto-persian-date}). | |
824 | @item g k | |
825 | Move to a date specified in the Coptic calendar | |
826 | (@code{calendar-goto-coptic-date}). | |
827 | @item g e | |
828 | Move to a date specified in the Ethiopic calendar | |
829 | (@code{calendar-goto-ethiopic-date}). | |
830 | @end table | |
831 | ||
832 | These commands ask you for a date on the other calendar, move point to | |
833 | the Gregorian calendar date equivalent to that date, and display the | |
834 | other calendar's date in the echo area. Emacs uses strict completion | |
835 | (@pxref{Completion}) whenever it asks you to type a month name, so you | |
3ade370a | 836 | don't have to worry about the spelling of Hebrew, Islamic, or French names. |
6bf7aab6 DL |
837 | |
838 | @findex list-yahrzeit-dates | |
839 | @cindex yahrzeits | |
840 | One common question concerning the Hebrew calendar is the computation | |
841 | of the anniversary of a date of death, called a ``yahrzeit.'' The Emacs | |
842 | calendar includes a facility for such calculations. If you are in the | |
843 | calendar, the command @kbd{M-x list-yahrzeit-dates} asks you for a | |
844 | range of years and then displays a list of the yahrzeit dates for those | |
845 | years for the date given by point. If you are not in the calendar, | |
846 | this command first asks you for the date of death and the range of | |
847 | years, and then displays the list of yahrzeit dates. | |
848 | ||
849 | @node Mayan Calendar | |
850 | @subsection Converting from the Mayan Calendar | |
851 | ||
852 | Here are the commands to select dates based on the Mayan calendar: | |
853 | ||
854 | @table @kbd | |
855 | @item g m l | |
856 | Move to a date specified by the long count calendar | |
857 | (@code{calendar-goto-mayan-long-count-date}). | |
858 | @item g m n t | |
859 | Move to the next occurrence of a place in the | |
860 | tzolkin calendar (@code{calendar-next-tzolkin-date}). | |
861 | @item g m p t | |
862 | Move to the previous occurrence of a place in the | |
863 | tzolkin calendar (@code{calendar-previous-tzolkin-date}). | |
864 | @item g m n h | |
865 | Move to the next occurrence of a place in the | |
866 | haab calendar (@code{calendar-next-haab-date}). | |
867 | @item g m p h | |
868 | Move to the previous occurrence of a place in the | |
869 | haab calendar (@code{calendar-previous-haab-date}). | |
870 | @item g m n c | |
871 | Move to the next occurrence of a place in the | |
872 | calendar round (@code{calendar-next-calendar-round-date}). | |
873 | @item g m p c | |
874 | Move to the previous occurrence of a place in the | |
875 | calendar round (@code{calendar-previous-calendar-round-date}). | |
876 | @end table | |
877 | ||
878 | @cindex Mayan long count | |
879 | To understand these commands, you need to understand the Mayan calendars. | |
880 | The @dfn{long count} is a counting of days with these units: | |
881 | ||
882 | @display | |
883 | 1 kin = 1 day@ @ @ 1 uinal = 20 kin@ @ @ 1 tun = 18 uinal | |
884 | 1 katun = 20 tun@ @ @ 1 baktun = 20 katun | |
885 | @end display | |
886 | ||
887 | @kindex g m @r{(Calendar mode)} | |
888 | @findex calendar-goto-mayan-long-count-date | |
889 | @noindent | |
890 | Thus, the long count date 12.16.11.16.6 means 12 baktun, 16 katun, 11 | |
891 | tun, 16 uinal, and 6 kin. The Emacs calendar can handle Mayan long | |
1536b3f7 | 892 | count dates as early as 7.17.18.13.3, but no earlier. When you use the |
6bf7aab6 DL |
893 | @kbd{g m l} command, type the Mayan long count date with the baktun, |
894 | katun, tun, uinal, and kin separated by periods. | |
895 | ||
896 | @findex calendar-previous-tzolkin-date | |
897 | @findex calendar-next-tzolkin-date | |
898 | @cindex Mayan tzolkin calendar | |
899 | The Mayan tzolkin calendar is a cycle of 260 days formed by a pair of | |
900 | independent cycles of 13 and 20 days. Since this cycle repeats | |
901 | endlessly, Emacs provides commands to move backward and forward to the | |
902 | previous or next point in the cycle. Type @kbd{g m p t} to go to the | |
903 | previous tzolkin date; Emacs asks you for a tzolkin date and moves point | |
904 | to the previous occurrence of that date. Similarly, type @kbd{g m n t} | |
905 | to go to the next occurrence of a tzolkin date. | |
906 | ||
907 | @findex calendar-previous-haab-date | |
908 | @findex calendar-next-haab-date | |
909 | @cindex Mayan haab calendar | |
910 | The Mayan haab calendar is a cycle of 365 days arranged as 18 months | |
911 | of 20 days each, followed a 5-day monthless period. Like the tzolkin | |
912 | cycle, this cycle repeats endlessly, and there are commands to move | |
913 | backward and forward to the previous or next point in the cycle. Type | |
914 | @kbd{g m p h} to go to the previous haab date; Emacs asks you for a haab | |
915 | date and moves point to the previous occurrence of that date. | |
916 | Similarly, type @kbd{g m n h} to go to the next occurrence of a haab | |
917 | date. | |
918 | ||
919 | @c This is omitted because it is too long for smallbook format. | |
920 | @c @findex calendar-previous-calendar-round-date | |
921 | @findex calendar-next-calendar-round-date | |
922 | @cindex Mayan calendar round | |
923 | The Maya also used the combination of the tzolkin date and the haab | |
924 | date. This combination is a cycle of about 52 years called a | |
925 | @emph{calendar round}. If you type @kbd{g m p c}, Emacs asks you for | |
926 | both a haab and a tzolkin date and then moves point to the previous | |
927 | occurrence of that combination. Use @kbd{g m n c} to move point to the | |
928 | next occurrence of a combination. These commands signal an error if the | |
929 | haab/tzolkin date combination you have typed is impossible. | |
930 | ||
931 | Emacs uses strict completion (@pxref{Strict Completion}) whenever it | |
932 | asks you to type a Mayan name, so you don't have to worry about | |
933 | spelling. | |
934 | ||
935 | @node Diary | |
936 | @section The Diary | |
937 | @cindex diary | |
938 | ||
939 | The Emacs diary keeps track of appointments or other events on a daily | |
940 | basis, in conjunction with the calendar. To use the diary feature, you | |
941 | must first create a @dfn{diary file} containing a list of events and | |
942 | their dates. Then Emacs can automatically pick out and display the | |
943 | events for today, for the immediate future, or for any specified | |
944 | date. | |
945 | ||
8913f91b GM |
946 | The name of the diary file is specified by the variable |
947 | @code{diary-file}; @file{~/diary} is the default. A sample diary file | |
742a24c3 GM |
948 | is (note that the file format is essentially the same as that used by |
949 | the external shell utility @samp{calendar}): | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
950 | |
951 | @example | |
952 | 12/22/1988 Twentieth wedding anniversary!! | |
953 | &1/1. Happy New Year! | |
954 | 10/22 Ruth's birthday. | |
955 | * 21, *: Payday | |
956 | Tuesday--weekly meeting with grad students at 10am | |
957 | Supowit, Shen, Bitner, and Kapoor to attend. | |
958 | 1/13/89 Friday the thirteenth!! | |
959 | &thu 4pm squash game with Lloyd. | |
960 | mar 16 Dad's birthday | |
961 | April 15, 1989 Income tax due. | |
962 | &* 15 time cards due. | |
963 | @end example | |
964 | ||
965 | @noindent | |
966 | This example uses extra spaces to align the event descriptions of most | |
967 | of the entries. Such formatting is purely a matter of taste. | |
968 | ||
969 | Although you probably will start by creating a diary manually, Emacs | |
970 | provides a number of commands to let you view, add, and change diary | |
971 | entries. | |
972 | ||
973 | @menu | |
8913f91b | 974 | * Displaying the Diary:: Viewing diary entries and associated calendar dates. |
6bf7aab6 DL |
975 | * Format of Diary File:: Entering events in your diary. |
976 | * Date Formats:: Various ways you can specify dates. | |
977 | * Adding to Diary:: Commands to create diary entries. | |
978 | * Special Diary Entries:: Anniversaries, blocks of dates, cyclic entries, etc. | |
979 | @end menu | |
980 | ||
8913f91b GM |
981 | @node Displaying the Diary |
982 | @subsection Displaying the Diary | |
6bf7aab6 | 983 | |
8913f91b GM |
984 | Once you have created a diary file, you can use the calendar to view |
985 | it. You can also view today's events outside of Calendar mode. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
986 | |
987 | @table @kbd | |
988 | @item d | |
989 | Display all diary entries for the selected date | |
990 | (@code{view-diary-entries}). | |
991 | @item Mouse-2 Diary | |
992 | Display all diary entries for the date you click on. | |
993 | @item s | |
994 | Display the entire diary file (@code{show-all-diary-entries}). | |
995 | @item m | |
996 | Mark all visible dates that have diary entries | |
997 | (@code{mark-diary-entries}). | |
998 | @item u | |
999 | Unmark the calendar window (@code{calendar-unmark}). | |
1000 | @item M-x print-diary-entries | |
1001 | Print hard copy of the diary display as it appears. | |
1002 | @item M-x diary | |
1003 | Display all diary entries for today's date. | |
1004 | @item M-x diary-mail-entries | |
1005 | Mail yourself email reminders about upcoming diary entries. | |
1006 | @end table | |
1007 | ||
1008 | @kindex d @r{(Calendar mode)} | |
1009 | @findex view-diary-entries | |
8913f91b | 1010 | @vindex view-diary-entries-initially |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1011 | Displaying the diary entries with @kbd{d} shows in a separate window |
1012 | the diary entries for the selected date in the calendar. The mode line | |
1013 | of the new window shows the date of the diary entries and any holidays | |
1014 | that fall on that date. If you specify a numeric argument with @kbd{d}, | |
1015 | it shows all the diary entries for that many successive days. Thus, | |
1016 | @kbd{2 d} displays all the entries for the selected date and for the | |
a20cba2c | 1017 | following day. |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1018 | |
1019 | Another way to display the diary entries for a date is to click | |
505b55e6 | 1020 | @kbd{Mouse-2} on the date, and then choose @kbd{Diary entries} from |
a20cba2c RS |
1021 | the menu that appears. If the variable |
1022 | @code{view-diary-entries-initially} is non-@code{nil}, creating the | |
c49f972f | 1023 | calendar lists the diary entries for the current date (provided the |
a20cba2c | 1024 | current date is visible). |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1025 | |
1026 | @kindex m @r{(Calendar mode)} | |
1027 | @findex mark-diary-entries | |
8913f91b | 1028 | @vindex mark-diary-entries-in-calendar |
6bf7aab6 | 1029 | To get a broader view of which days are mentioned in the diary, use |
8913f91b GM |
1030 | the @kbd{m} command. This displays the dates that have diary entries in |
1031 | a different face (or places a @samp{+} after these dates, if display | |
1fa7647f GM |
1032 | with multiple faces is not available). @inforef{Calendar Customizing, |
1033 | diary-entry-marker, emacs-xtra}. The command applies both to the | |
1034 | currently visible months and to other months that subsequently become | |
1035 | visible by scrolling. To turn marking off and erase the current marks, | |
a20cba2c RS |
1036 | type @kbd{u}, which also turns off holiday marks (@pxref{Holidays}). |
1037 | If the variable @code{mark-diary-entries-in-calendar} is | |
1038 | non-@code{nil}, creating or updating the calendar marks diary dates | |
1039 | automatically. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1040 | |
1041 | @kindex s @r{(Calendar mode)} | |
1042 | @findex show-all-diary-entries | |
1043 | To see the full diary file, rather than just some of the entries, use | |
1044 | the @kbd{s} command. | |
1045 | ||
1046 | Display of selected diary entries uses the selective display feature | |
a20cba2c RS |
1047 | to hide entries that don't apply. The diary buffer as you see it is |
1048 | an illusion, so simply printing the buffer does not print what you see | |
1049 | on your screen. There is a special command to print hard copy of the | |
1050 | diary buffer @emph{as it appears}; this command is @kbd{M-x | |
1051 | print-diary-entries}. It sends the data directly to the printer. You | |
d00819ea | 1052 | can customize it like @code{lpr-region} (@pxref{Printing}). |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1053 | |
1054 | @findex diary | |
1055 | The command @kbd{M-x diary} displays the diary entries for the current | |
1056 | date, independently of the calendar display, and optionally for the next | |
1057 | few days as well; the variable @code{number-of-diary-entries} specifies | |
1fa7647f | 1058 | how many days to include. @inforef{Diary Customizing,, emacs-xtra}. |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1059 | |
1060 | If you put @code{(diary)} in your @file{.emacs} file, this | |
1061 | automatically displays a window with the day's diary entries, when you | |
1062 | enter Emacs. The mode line of the displayed window shows the date and | |
1063 | any holidays that fall on that date. | |
1064 | ||
1065 | @findex diary-mail-entries | |
1066 | @vindex diary-mail-days | |
1067 | Many users like to receive notice of events in their diary as email. | |
1068 | To send such mail to yourself, use the command @kbd{M-x | |
1069 | diary-mail-entries}. A prefix argument specifies how many days | |
1070 | (starting with today) to check; otherwise, the variable | |
1071 | @code{diary-mail-days} says how many days. | |
1072 | ||
1073 | @node Format of Diary File | |
1074 | @subsection The Diary File | |
1075 | @cindex diary file | |
1076 | ||
1077 | @vindex diary-file | |
1078 | Your @dfn{diary file} is a file that records events associated with | |
1079 | particular dates. The name of the diary file is specified by the | |
1080 | variable @code{diary-file}; @file{~/diary} is the default. The | |
1081 | @code{calendar} utility program supports a subset of the format allowed | |
1082 | by the Emacs diary facilities, so you can use that utility to view the | |
1083 | diary file, with reasonable results aside from the entries it cannot | |
1084 | understand. | |
1085 | ||
1086 | Each entry in the diary file describes one event and consists of one | |
1087 | or more lines. An entry always begins with a date specification at the | |
1088 | left margin. The rest of the entry is simply text to describe the | |
1089 | event. If the entry has more than one line, then the lines after the | |
1090 | first must begin with whitespace to indicate they continue a previous | |
1091 | entry. Lines that do not begin with valid dates and do not continue a | |
1092 | preceding entry are ignored. | |
1093 | ||
1094 | You can inhibit the marking of certain diary entries in the calendar | |
1095 | window; to do this, insert an ampersand (@samp{&}) at the beginning of | |
1096 | the entry, before the date. This has no effect on display of the entry | |
1097 | in the diary window; it affects only marks on dates in the calendar | |
1098 | window. Nonmarking entries are especially useful for generic entries | |
1099 | that would otherwise mark many different dates. | |
1100 | ||
1101 | If the first line of a diary entry consists only of the date or day | |
1102 | name with no following blanks or punctuation, then the diary window | |
1103 | display doesn't include that line; only the continuation lines appear. | |
1104 | For example, this entry: | |
1105 | ||
1106 | @example | |
1107 | 02/11/1989 | |
1108 | Bill B. visits Princeton today | |
1109 | 2pm Cognitive Studies Committee meeting | |
1110 | 2:30-5:30 Liz at Lawrenceville | |
1111 | 4:00pm Dentist appt | |
1112 | 7:30pm Dinner at George's | |
1113 | 8:00-10:00pm concert | |
1114 | @end example | |
1115 | ||
1116 | @noindent | |
1117 | appears in the diary window without the date line at the beginning. | |
1118 | This style of entry looks neater when you display just a single day's | |
1119 | entries, but can cause confusion if you ask for more than one day's | |
1120 | entries. | |
1121 | ||
1122 | You can edit the diary entries as they appear in the window, but it is | |
1123 | important to remember that the buffer displayed contains the @emph{entire} | |
1124 | diary file, with portions of it concealed from view. This means, for | |
1125 | instance, that the @kbd{C-f} (@code{forward-char}) command can put point | |
1126 | at what appears to be the end of the line, but what is in reality the | |
1127 | middle of some concealed line. | |
1128 | ||
1129 | @emph{Be careful when editing the diary entries!} Inserting | |
1130 | additional lines or adding/deleting characters in the middle of a | |
1131 | visible line cannot cause problems, but editing at the end of a line may | |
1132 | not do what you expect. Deleting a line may delete other invisible | |
1133 | entries that follow it. Before editing the diary, it is best to display | |
1134 | the entire file with @kbd{s} (@code{show-all-diary-entries}). | |
1135 | ||
1136 | @node Date Formats | |
1137 | @subsection Date Formats | |
1138 | ||
1139 | Here are some sample diary entries, illustrating different ways of | |
1140 | formatting a date. The examples all show dates in American order | |
1141 | (month, day, year), but Calendar mode supports European order (day, | |
1142 | month, year) as an option. | |
1143 | ||
1144 | @example | |
1145 | 4/20/93 Switch-over to new tabulation system | |
1146 | apr. 25 Start tabulating annual results | |
1147 | 4/30 Results for April are due | |
1148 | */25 Monthly cycle finishes | |
1149 | Friday Don't leave without backing up files | |
1150 | @end example | |
1151 | ||
1152 | The first entry appears only once, on April 20, 1993. The second and | |
1153 | third appear every year on the specified dates, and the fourth uses a | |
1154 | wildcard (asterisk) for the month, so it appears on the 25th of every | |
1155 | month. The final entry appears every week on Friday. | |
1156 | ||
1157 | You can use just numbers to express a date, as in | |
1158 | @samp{@var{month}/@var{day}} or @samp{@var{month}/@var{day}/@var{year}}. | |
1159 | This must be followed by a nondigit. In the date itself, @var{month} | |
1160 | and @var{day} are numbers of one or two digits. The optional @var{year} | |
1161 | is also a number, and may be abbreviated to the last two digits; that | |
1162 | is, you can use @samp{11/12/1989} or @samp{11/12/89}. | |
1163 | ||
1164 | Dates can also have the form @samp{@var{monthname} @var{day}} or | |
1165 | @samp{@var{monthname} @var{day}, @var{year}}, where the month's name can | |
bf4517d1 GM |
1166 | be spelled in full or abbreviated (with or without a period). The |
1167 | preferred abbreviations can be controlled using the variables | |
1168 | @code{calendar-abbrev-length}, @code{calendar-month-abbrev-array}, and | |
1169 | @code{calendar-day-abbrev-array}. The default is to use the first three | |
1170 | letters of a name as its abbreviation. Case is not significant. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1171 | |
1172 | A date may be @dfn{generic}; that is, partially unspecified. Then the | |
1173 | entry applies to all dates that match the specification. If the date | |
1174 | does not contain a year, it is generic and applies to any year. | |
1175 | Alternatively, @var{month}, @var{day}, or @var{year} can be a @samp{*}; | |
1176 | this matches any month, day, or year, respectively. Thus, a diary entry | |
1177 | @samp{3/*/*} matches any day in March of any year; so does @samp{march | |
1178 | *}. | |
1179 | ||
1180 | @vindex european-calendar-style | |
1181 | @findex european-calendar | |
1182 | @findex american-calendar | |
1183 | If you prefer the European style of writing dates---in which the day | |
1184 | comes before the month---type @kbd{M-x european-calendar} while in the | |
1185 | calendar, or set the variable @code{european-calendar-style} to @code{t} | |
1186 | @emph{before} using any calendar or diary command. This mode interprets | |
1187 | all dates in the diary in the European manner, and also uses European | |
1188 | style for displaying diary dates. (Note that there is no comma after | |
1189 | the @var{monthname} in the European style.) To go back to the (default) | |
1190 | American style of writing dates, type @kbd{M-x american-calendar}. | |
1191 | ||
1192 | You can use the name of a day of the week as a generic date which | |
1193 | applies to any date falling on that day of the week. You can abbreviate | |
1194 | the day of the week to three letters (with or without a period) or spell | |
1195 | it in full; case is not significant. | |
1196 | ||
1197 | @node Adding to Diary | |
1198 | @subsection Commands to Add to the Diary | |
1199 | ||
1200 | While in the calendar, there are several commands to create diary | |
1201 | entries: | |
1202 | ||
1203 | @table @kbd | |
1204 | @item i d | |
1205 | Add a diary entry for the selected date (@code{insert-diary-entry}). | |
1206 | @item i w | |
1207 | Add a diary entry for the selected day of the week (@code{insert-weekly-diary-entry}). | |
1208 | @item i m | |
1209 | Add a diary entry for the selected day of the month (@code{insert-monthly-diary-entry}). | |
1210 | @item i y | |
1211 | Add a diary entry for the selected day of the year (@code{insert-yearly-diary-entry}). | |
1212 | @end table | |
1213 | ||
1214 | @kindex i d @r{(Calendar mode)} | |
1215 | @findex insert-diary-entry | |
1216 | You can make a diary entry for a specific date by selecting that date | |
1217 | in the calendar window and typing the @kbd{i d} command. This command | |
1218 | displays the end of your diary file in another window and inserts the | |
1219 | date; you can then type the rest of the diary entry. | |
1220 | ||
1221 | @kindex i w @r{(Calendar mode)} | |
1222 | @findex insert-weekly-diary-entry | |
1223 | @kindex i m @r{(Calendar mode)} | |
1224 | @findex insert-monthly-diary-entry | |
1225 | @kindex i y @r{(Calendar mode)} | |
1226 | @findex insert-yearly-diary-entry | |
1227 | If you want to make a diary entry that applies to a specific day of | |
1228 | the week, select that day of the week (any occurrence will do) and type | |
1229 | @kbd{i w}. This inserts the day-of-week as a generic date; you can then | |
1230 | type the rest of the diary entry. You can make a monthly diary entry in | |
da40dc7f EZ |
1231 | the same fashion: select the day of the month, use the @kbd{i m} |
1232 | command, and type the rest of the entry. Similarly, you can insert a | |
1233 | yearly diary entry with the @kbd{i y} command. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1234 | |
1235 | All of the above commands make marking diary entries by default. To | |
1236 | make a nonmarking diary entry, give a numeric argument to the command. | |
1237 | For example, @kbd{C-u i w} makes a nonmarking weekly diary entry. | |
1238 | ||
1239 | When you modify the diary file, be sure to save the file before | |
7dc17d5c GM |
1240 | exiting Emacs. Saving the diary file after using any of the above |
1241 | insertion commands will automatically update the diary marks in the | |
1242 | calendar window, if appropriate. You can use the command | |
1243 | @code{redraw-calendar} to force an update at any time. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1244 | |
1245 | @node Special Diary Entries | |
1246 | @subsection Special Diary Entries | |
1247 | ||
1248 | In addition to entries based on calendar dates, the diary file can | |
1249 | contain @dfn{sexp entries} for regular events such as anniversaries. | |
1250 | These entries are based on Lisp expressions (sexps) that Emacs evaluates | |
1251 | as it scans the diary file. Instead of a date, a sexp entry contains | |
1252 | @samp{%%} followed by a Lisp expression which must begin and end with | |
1253 | parentheses. The Lisp expression determines which dates the entry | |
1254 | applies to. | |
1255 | ||
1256 | Calendar mode provides commands to insert certain commonly used | |
1257 | sexp entries: | |
1258 | ||
1259 | @table @kbd | |
1260 | @item i a | |
1261 | Add an anniversary diary entry for the selected date | |
1262 | (@code{insert-anniversary-diary-entry}). | |
1263 | @item i b | |
1264 | Add a block diary entry for the current region | |
1265 | (@code{insert-block-diary-entry}). | |
1266 | @item i c | |
1267 | Add a cyclic diary entry starting at the date | |
1268 | (@code{insert-cyclic-diary-entry}). | |
1269 | @end table | |
1270 | ||
1271 | @kindex i a @r{(Calendar mode)} | |
1272 | @findex insert-anniversary-diary-entry | |
1273 | If you want to make a diary entry that applies to the anniversary of a | |
1274 | specific date, move point to that date and use the @kbd{i a} command. | |
1275 | This displays the end of your diary file in another window and inserts | |
1276 | the anniversary description; you can then type the rest of the diary | |
1277 | entry. The entry looks like this: | |
1278 | ||
1279 | @findex diary-anniversary | |
1280 | @example | |
1281 | %%(diary-anniversary 10 31 1948) Arthur's birthday | |
1282 | @end example | |
1283 | ||
1284 | @noindent | |
1285 | This entry applies to October 31 in any year after 1948; @samp{10 31 | |
1286 | 1948} specifies the date. (If you are using the European calendar | |
1287 | style, the month and day are interchanged.) The reason this expression | |
1288 | requires a beginning year is that advanced diary functions can use it to | |
1289 | calculate the number of elapsed years. | |
1290 | ||
1291 | A @dfn{block} diary entry applies to a specified range of consecutive | |
1292 | dates. Here is a block diary entry that applies to all dates from June | |
1293 | 24, 1990 through July 10, 1990: | |
1294 | ||
1295 | @findex diary-block | |
1296 | @example | |
1297 | %%(diary-block 6 24 1990 7 10 1990) Vacation | |
1298 | @end example | |
1299 | ||
1300 | @noindent | |
1301 | The @samp{6 24 1990} indicates the starting date and the @samp{7 10 1990} | |
1302 | indicates the stopping date. (Again, if you are using the European calendar | |
1303 | style, the month and day are interchanged.) | |
1304 | ||
1305 | @kindex i b @r{(Calendar mode)} | |
1306 | @findex insert-block-diary-entry | |
1307 | To insert a block entry, place point and the mark on the two | |
1308 | dates that begin and end the range, and type @kbd{i b}. This command | |
1309 | displays the end of your diary file in another window and inserts the | |
1310 | block description; you can then type the diary entry. | |
1311 | ||
1312 | @kindex i c @r{(Calendar mode)} | |
1313 | @findex insert-cyclic-diary-entry | |
1314 | @dfn{Cyclic} diary entries repeat after a fixed interval of days. To | |
1315 | create one, select the starting date and use the @kbd{i c} command. The | |
1316 | command prompts for the length of interval, then inserts the entry, | |
1317 | which looks like this: | |
1318 | ||
1319 | @findex diary-cyclic | |
1320 | @example | |
1321 | %%(diary-cyclic 50 3 1 1990) Renew medication | |
1322 | @end example | |
1323 | ||
1324 | @noindent | |
1325 | This entry applies to March 1, 1990 and every 50th day following; | |
1326 | @samp{3 1 1990} specifies the starting date. (If you are using the | |
1327 | European calendar style, the month and day are interchanged.) | |
1328 | ||
1329 | All three of these commands make marking diary entries. To insert a | |
1330 | nonmarking entry, give a numeric argument to the command. For example, | |
1331 | @kbd{C-u i a} makes a nonmarking anniversary diary entry. | |
1332 | ||
1333 | Marking sexp diary entries in the calendar is @emph{extremely} | |
1334 | time-consuming, since every date visible in the calendar window must be | |
1335 | individually checked. So it's a good idea to make sexp diary entries | |
1336 | nonmarking (with @samp{&}) when possible. | |
1337 | ||
1338 | Another sophisticated kind of sexp entry, a @dfn{floating} diary entry, | |
1339 | specifies a regularly occurring event by offsets specified in days, | |
1340 | weeks, and months. It is comparable to a crontab entry interpreted by | |
1341 | the @code{cron} utility. Here is a nonmarking, floating diary entry | |
1342 | that applies to the last Thursday in November: | |
1343 | ||
1344 | @findex diary-float | |
1345 | @example | |
1346 | &%%(diary-float 11 4 -1) American Thanksgiving | |
1347 | @end example | |
1348 | ||
1349 | @noindent | |
1350 | The 11 specifies November (the eleventh month), the 4 specifies Thursday | |
1351 | (the fourth day of the week, where Sunday is numbered zero), and the | |
1352 | @minus{}1 specifies ``last'' (1 would mean ``first,'' 2 would mean | |
1353 | ``second,'' @minus{}2 would mean ``second-to-last,'' and so on). The | |
1354 | month can be a single month or a list of months. Thus you could change | |
1355 | the 11 above to @samp{'(1 2 3)} and have the entry apply to the last | |
1356 | Thursday of January, February, and March. If the month is @code{t}, the | |
1357 | entry applies to all months of the year.@refill | |
1358 | ||
94534262 RS |
1359 | Each of the standard sexp diary entries takes an optional parameter |
1360 | specifying the name of a face or a single-character string to use when | |
1361 | marking the entry in the calendar. Most generally, sexp diary entries | |
1362 | can perform arbitrary computations to determine when they apply. | |
1fa7647f | 1363 | @inforef{Sexp Diary Entries,, emacs-xtra}. |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1364 | |
1365 | @node Appointments | |
1366 | @section Appointments | |
1367 | @cindex appointment notification | |
1368 | ||
cfd8fe01 GM |
1369 | @vindex appt-display-format |
1370 | @vindex appt-audible | |
8913f91b | 1371 | @vindex appt-display-mode-line |
6bf7aab6 | 1372 | If you have a diary entry for an appointment, and that diary entry |
0ec1f115 RS |
1373 | begins with a recognizable time of day, Emacs can warn you several |
1374 | minutes beforehand that that appointment is pending. Emacs alerts you | |
cfd8fe01 | 1375 | to the appointment by displaying a message in your chosen format, as |
8913f91b | 1376 | specified by the variable @code{appt-display-format}. If the value of |
c49f972f RS |
1377 | @code{appt-audible} is non-@code{nil}, the warning includes an audible |
1378 | reminder. In addition, if @code{appt-display-mode-line} is | |
1379 | non-@code{nil}, Emacs displays the number of minutes to the | |
1380 | appointment on the mode line. | |
8913f91b GM |
1381 | |
1382 | @vindex appt-display-duration | |
1383 | @vindex appt-disp-window-function | |
1384 | @vindex appt-delete-window-function | |
1385 | If @code{appt-display-format} has the value @code{window}, then the | |
1386 | variable @code{appt-display-duration} controls how long the reminder | |
1387 | window is visible for; and the variables | |
1388 | @code{appt-disp-window-function} and @code{appt-delete-window-function} | |
1389 | give the names of functions used to create and destroy the window, | |
1390 | respectively. | |
cfd8fe01 GM |
1391 | |
1392 | @findex appt-activate | |
c49f972f RS |
1393 | To enable appointment notification, use the command @kbd{M-x |
1394 | appt-activate}. With a positive argument, it enables notification; | |
1395 | with a negative argument, it disables notification; with no argument, | |
1396 | it toggles. Enabling notification also sets up an appointment list | |
1397 | for today from the diary file, giving all diary entries found with | |
1398 | recognizable times of day, and reminds you just before each of them. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1399 | |
1400 | For example, suppose the diary file contains these lines: | |
1401 | ||
1402 | @example | |
1403 | Monday | |
1404 | 9:30am Coffee break | |
177c0ea7 | 1405 | 12:00pm Lunch |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1406 | @end example |
1407 | ||
cfd8fe01 | 1408 | @vindex appt-message-warning-time |
6bf7aab6 | 1409 | @noindent |
c49f972f RS |
1410 | Then on Mondays, you will be reminded at around 9:20am about your |
1411 | coffee break and at around 11:50am about lunch. The variable | |
1412 | @code{appt-message-warning-time} specifies how many minutes in advance | |
1413 | to warn you; its default value is 12 (12 minutes). | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1414 | |
1415 | You can write times in am/pm style (with @samp{12:00am} standing | |
1416 | for midnight and @samp{12:00pm} standing for noon), or 24-hour | |
1417 | European/military style. You need not be consistent; your diary file | |
cfd8fe01 GM |
1418 | can have a mixture of the two styles. Times must be at the beginning |
1419 | of lines if they are to be recognized. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1420 | |
1421 | @vindex appt-display-diary | |
c49f972f RS |
1422 | Emacs updates the appointments list from the diary file |
1423 | automatically just after midnight. You can force an update at any | |
1424 | time by re-enabling appointment notification. Both these actions also | |
1425 | display the day's diary buffer, unless you set | |
1426 | @code{appt-display-diary} to @code{nil}. The appointments list is | |
1427 | also updated whenever the diary file is saved. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1428 | |
1429 | @findex appt-add | |
1430 | @findex appt-delete | |
1431 | @cindex alarm clock | |
1432 | You can also use the appointment notification facility like an alarm | |
1433 | clock. The command @kbd{M-x appt-add} adds entries to the appointment | |
1434 | list without affecting your diary file. You delete entries from the | |
1435 | appointment list with @kbd{M-x appt-delete}. | |
1436 | ||
9beff3e7 RS |
1437 | @node Importing Diary |
1438 | @section Importing and Exporting Diary Entries | |
1439 | ||
1440 | You can transfer diary entries between Emacs diary files and a | |
1441 | variety of other formats. | |
47daea4c | 1442 | |
9beff3e7 RS |
1443 | @vindex diary-outlook-formats |
1444 | You can import diary entries from Outlook-generated appointment | |
1445 | messages. While viewing such a message in Rmail or Gnus, do @kbd{M-x | |
1446 | diary-from-outlook} to import the entry. You can make this command | |
1447 | recognize additional appointment message formats by customizing the | |
1448 | variable @code{diary-outlook-formats}. | |
1449 | ||
1450 | @cindex iCalendar support | |
1451 | The icalendar package allows you to transfer data between your Emacs | |
1452 | diary file and iCalendar files, which are defined in ``RFC | |
1453 | 2445---Internet Calendaring and Scheduling Core Object Specification | |
1454 | (iCalendar)'' (as well as the earlier vCalendar format). | |
47daea4c | 1455 | |
c49f972f RS |
1456 | Importing works for ``ordinary'' (i.e. non-recurring) events, but |
1457 | (at present) may not work correctly (if at all) for recurring events. | |
1458 | Exporting of diary files into iCalendar files should work correctly | |
1459 | for most diary entries. This feature is a work in progress, so the | |
1460 | commands may evolve in future. | |
47daea4c | 1461 | |
962e4ccf GM |
1462 | @findex icalendar-import-buffer |
1463 | The command @code{icalendar-import-buffer} extracts | |
47daea4c | 1464 | iCalendar data from the current buffer and adds it to your (default) |
7d806439 GM |
1465 | diary file. This function is also suitable for automatic extraction of |
1466 | iCalendar data; for example with the Rmail mail client one could use: | |
47daea4c GM |
1467 | |
1468 | @example | |
962e4ccf | 1469 | (add-hook 'rmail-show-message-hook 'icalendar-import-buffer) |
47daea4c GM |
1470 | @end example |
1471 | ||
1472 | @findex icalendar-import-file | |
962e4ccf GM |
1473 | The command @code{icalendar-import-file} imports an iCalendar file |
1474 | and adds the results to an Emacs diary file. For example: | |
47daea4c GM |
1475 | |
1476 | @example | |
1477 | (icalendar-import-file "/here/is/calendar.ics" "/there/goes/ical-diary") | |
1478 | @end example | |
1479 | ||
1480 | @noindent | |
7d806439 | 1481 | You can use an @code{#include} directive to add the import file contents |
c49f972f | 1482 | to the main diary file, if these are different files. @inforef{Fancy Diary |
1fa7647f | 1483 | Display,, emacs-xtra}. |
962e4ccf GM |
1484 | |
1485 | @findex icalendar-export-file, icalendar-export-region | |
1486 | Use @code{icalendar-export-file} to interactively export an entire | |
1487 | Emacs diary file to iCalendar format. To export only a part of a diary | |
1488 | file, mark the relevant area, and call @code{icalendar-export-region}. | |
1489 | In both cases the result is appended to the target file. | |
47daea4c | 1490 | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1491 | @node Daylight Savings |
1492 | @section Daylight Savings Time | |
1493 | @cindex daylight savings time | |
1494 | ||
1495 | Emacs understands the difference between standard time and daylight | |
1496 | savings time---the times given for sunrise, sunset, solstices, | |
1497 | equinoxes, and the phases of the moon take that into account. The rules | |
1498 | for daylight savings time vary from place to place and have also varied | |
1499 | historically from year to year. To do the job properly, Emacs needs to | |
1500 | know which rules to use. | |
1501 | ||
1502 | @vindex calendar-daylight-savings-starts | |
1503 | @vindex calendar-daylight-savings-ends | |
1504 | Some operating systems keep track of the rules that apply to the place | |
1505 | where you are; on these systems, Emacs gets the information it needs | |
1506 | from the system automatically. If some or all of this information is | |
1507 | missing, Emacs fills in the gaps with the rules currently used in | |
1508 | Cambridge, Massachusetts. If the resulting rules are not what you want, | |
1509 | you can tell Emacs the rules to use by setting certain variables: | |
1510 | @code{calendar-daylight-savings-starts} and | |
1511 | @code{calendar-daylight-savings-ends}. | |
1512 | ||
1513 | These values should be Lisp expressions that refer to the variable | |
1514 | @code{year}, and evaluate to the Gregorian date on which daylight | |
1515 | savings time starts or (respectively) ends, in the form of a list | |
1516 | @code{(@var{month} @var{day} @var{year})}. The values should be | |
1517 | @code{nil} if your area does not use daylight savings time. | |
1518 | ||
1519 | Emacs uses these expressions to determine the starting date of | |
1520 | daylight savings time for the holiday list and for correcting times of | |
1521 | day in the solar and lunar calculations. | |
1522 | ||
1523 | The values for Cambridge, Massachusetts are as follows: | |
1524 | ||
1525 | @example | |
1526 | (calendar-nth-named-day 1 0 4 year) | |
1527 | (calendar-nth-named-day -1 0 10 year) | |
1528 | @end example | |
1529 | ||
1530 | @noindent | |
1531 | That is, the first 0th day (Sunday) of the fourth month (April) in | |
1532 | the year specified by @code{year}, and the last Sunday of the tenth month | |
1533 | (October) of that year. If daylight savings time were | |
1534 | changed to start on October 1, you would set | |
1535 | @code{calendar-daylight-savings-starts} to this: | |
1536 | ||
1537 | @example | |
1538 | (list 10 1 year) | |
1539 | @end example | |
1540 | ||
1541 | If there is no daylight savings time at your location, or if you want | |
1542 | all times in standard time, set @code{calendar-daylight-savings-starts} | |
1543 | and @code{calendar-daylight-savings-ends} to @code{nil}. | |
1544 | ||
1545 | @vindex calendar-daylight-time-offset | |
1546 | The variable @code{calendar-daylight-time-offset} specifies the | |
1547 | difference between daylight savings time and standard time, measured in | |
1548 | minutes. The value for Cambridge, Massachusetts is 60. | |
1549 | ||
1550 | @c @vindex calendar-daylight-savings-starts-time too long! | |
1551 | @vindex calendar-daylight-savings-ends-time | |
1552 | The two variables @code{calendar-daylight-savings-starts-time} and | |
1553 | @code{calendar-daylight-savings-ends-time} specify the number of minutes | |
1554 | after midnight local time when the transition to and from daylight | |
1555 | savings time should occur. For Cambridge, Massachusetts both variables' | |
1556 | values are 120. | |
c1ec1a77 EZ |
1557 | |
1558 | @node Time Intervals | |
68d0e2f0 RS |
1559 | @section Summing Time Intervals |
1560 | @cindex time intervals, summing | |
1561 | @cindex summing time intervals | |
1562 | @cindex timeclock | |
c1ec1a77 | 1563 | |
68d0e2f0 | 1564 | The timeclock feature adds up time intervals, so you can (for |
c49f972f RS |
1565 | instance) keep track of how much time you spend working on particular |
1566 | projects. | |
c1ec1a77 EZ |
1567 | |
1568 | @findex timeclock-in | |
1569 | @findex timeclock-out | |
1536b3f7 | 1570 | @findex timeclock-change |
c1ec1a77 EZ |
1571 | @findex timeclock-workday-remaining |
1572 | @findex timeclock-when-to-leave | |
1573 | Use the @kbd{M-x timeclock-in} command when you start working on a | |
68d0e2f0 | 1574 | project, and @kbd{M-x timeclock-out} command when you're done. Each |
1536b3f7 GM |
1575 | time you do this, it adds one time interval to the record of the |
1576 | project. You can change to working on a different project with @kbd{M-x | |
1577 | timeclock-change}. | |
68d0e2f0 RS |
1578 | |
1579 | Once you've collected data from a number of time intervals, you can use | |
1580 | @kbd{M-x timeclock-workday-remaining} to see how much time is left to | |
1581 | work today (assuming a typical average of 8 hours a day), and @kbd{M-x | |
1582 | timeclock-when-to-leave} which will calculate when you're ``done.'' | |
c1ec1a77 EZ |
1583 | |
1584 | @vindex timeclock-modeline-display | |
1585 | @findex timeclock-modeline-display | |
1586 | If you want Emacs to display the amount of time ``left'' of your | |
1587 | workday in the mode line, either customize the | |
1588 | @code{timeclock-modeline-display} variable and set its value to | |
1589 | @code{t}, or invoke the @kbd{M-x timeclock-modeline-display} command. | |
1590 | ||
1591 | @vindex timeclock-ask-before-exiting | |
c49f972f RS |
1592 | Terminating the current Emacs session might or might not mean that |
1593 | you have stopped working on the project and, by default, Emacs asks | |
1594 | you. You can, however, set the value of the variable | |
1536b3f7 | 1595 | @code{timeclock-ask-before-exiting} to @code{nil} (via @kbd{M-x |
c49f972f | 1596 | customize}) to avoid the question; then, only an explicit @kbd{M-x |
1536b3f7 GM |
1597 | timeclock-out} or @kbd{M-x timeclock-change} will tell Emacs that the |
1598 | current interval is over. | |
c1ec1a77 EZ |
1599 | |
1600 | @cindex @file{.timelog} file | |
1601 | @vindex timeclock-file | |
1602 | @findex timeclock-reread-log | |
505b55e6 | 1603 | The timeclock functions work by accumulating the data in a file |
6a8a2892 RS |
1604 | called @file{.timelog} in your home directory. You can specify a |
1605 | different name for this file by customizing the variable | |
1606 | @code{timeclock-file}. If you edit the timeclock file manually, or if | |
1607 | you change the value of any of timeclock's customizable variables, you | |
1608 | should run the command @kbd{M-x timeclock-reread-log} to update the | |
1609 | data in Emacs from the file. | |
ab5796a9 MB |
1610 | |
1611 | @ignore | |
1612 | arch-tag: 4531ef09-9df3-449d-9c52-2b5a4a337f92 | |
1613 | @end ignore |