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8cf51b2c | 1 | @c This is part of the Emacs manual. |
ba318903 | 2 | @c Copyright (C) 1985-1987, 1993-1995, 1997, 1999-2014 Free Software |
ab422c4d | 3 | @c Foundation, Inc. |
8cf51b2c | 4 | @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions. |
abb9615e | 5 | @node Frames |
8cf51b2c GM |
6 | @chapter Frames and Graphical Displays |
7 | @cindex frames | |
8 | ||
1df7defd | 9 | When Emacs is started on a graphical display, e.g., on the X Window |
4ad3bc2a | 10 | System, it occupies a graphical system-level ``window''. In this |
b63a8e8e | 11 | manual, we call this a @dfn{frame}, reserving the word ``window'' for |
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12 | the part of the frame used for displaying a buffer. A frame initially |
13 | contains one window, but it can be subdivided into multiple windows | |
14 | (@pxref{Windows}). A frame normally also contains a menu bar, tool | |
15 | bar, and echo area. | |
16 | ||
17 | You can also create additional frames (@pxref{Creating Frames}). | |
18 | All frames created in the same Emacs session have access to the same | |
19 | underlying buffers and other data. For instance, if a buffer is being | |
20 | shown in more than one frame, any changes made to it in one frame show | |
21 | up immediately in the other frames too. | |
22 | ||
23 | Typing @kbd{C-x C-c} closes all the frames on the current display, | |
24 | and ends the Emacs session if it has no frames open on any other | |
25 | displays (@pxref{Exiting}). To close just the selected frame, type | |
2aee6012 | 26 | @kbd{C-x 5 0} (that is zero, not @kbd{o}). |
8cf51b2c | 27 | |
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28 | This chapter describes Emacs features specific to graphical displays |
29 | (particularly mouse commands), and features for managing multiple | |
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30 | frames. On text terminals, many of these features are unavailable. |
31 | However, it is still possible to create multiple ``frames'' on text | |
32 | terminals; such frames are displayed one at a time, filling the entire | |
33 | terminal screen (@pxref{Non-Window Terminals}). It is also possible | |
34 | to use the mouse on some text terminals (@pxref{Text-Only Mouse}, for | |
35 | doing so on GNU and Unix systems; and | |
8cf51b2c | 36 | @iftex |
4ad3bc2a | 37 | @pxref{MS-DOS Mouse,,,emacs-xtra,Specialized Emacs Features}, |
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38 | @end iftex |
39 | @ifnottex | |
4ad3bc2a | 40 | @pxref{MS-DOS Mouse}, |
8cf51b2c | 41 | @end ifnottex |
4b65d539 | 42 | for doing so on MS-DOS). Menus are supported on all text terminals. |
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43 | |
44 | @menu | |
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45 | * Mouse Commands:: Moving, cutting, and pasting, with the mouse. |
46 | * Word and Line Mouse:: Mouse commands for selecting whole words or lines. | |
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47 | * Mouse References:: Using the mouse to select an item from a list. |
48 | * Menu Mouse Clicks:: Mouse clicks that bring up menus. | |
49 | * Mode Line Mouse:: Mouse clicks on the mode line. | |
50 | * Creating Frames:: Creating additional Emacs frames with various contents. | |
51 | * Frame Commands:: Iconifying, deleting, and switching frames. | |
d68eb23c | 52 | * Fonts:: Changing the frame font. |
8cf51b2c | 53 | * Speedbar:: How to make and use a speedbar frame. |
2d2f6581 | 54 | * Multiple Displays:: How one Emacs instance can talk to several displays. |
8cf51b2c | 55 | * Frame Parameters:: Changing the colors and other modes of frames. |
8838673e | 56 | * Scroll Bars:: How to enable and disable scroll bars; how to use them. |
8cf51b2c | 57 | * Drag and Drop:: Using drag and drop to open files and insert text. |
8838673e | 58 | * Menu Bars:: Enabling and disabling the menu bar. |
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59 | * Tool Bars:: Enabling and disabling the tool bar. |
60 | * Dialog Boxes:: Controlling use of dialog boxes. | |
61 | * Tooltips:: Displaying information at the current mouse position. | |
b4a1a8b2 | 62 | * Mouse Avoidance:: Preventing the mouse pointer from obscuring text. |
8cf51b2c | 63 | * Non-Window Terminals:: Multiple frames on terminals that show only one. |
0be641c0 | 64 | * Text-Only Mouse:: Using the mouse in text terminals. |
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65 | @end menu |
66 | ||
8cf51b2c | 67 | @node Mouse Commands |
4d45a8b7 | 68 | @section Mouse Commands for Editing |
8cf51b2c | 69 | @cindex mouse buttons (what they do) |
ed39e4e2 | 70 | @cindex mouse, selecting text using |
8cf51b2c | 71 | |
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72 | @kindex Mouse-1 |
73 | @kindex Mouse-2 | |
74 | @kindex Mouse-3 | |
dc103cdc | 75 | @table @kbd |
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76 | @item Mouse-1 |
77 | Move point to where you click (@code{mouse-set-point}). | |
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78 | |
79 | @item Drag-Mouse-1 | |
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80 | Activate the region around the text selected by dragging, and put the |
81 | text in the primary selection (@code{mouse-set-region}). | |
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82 | |
83 | @item Mouse-2 | |
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84 | Move point to where you click, and insert the contents of the primary |
85 | selection there (@code{mouse-yank-primary}). | |
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86 | |
87 | @item Mouse-3 | |
88 | If the region is active, move the nearer end of the region to the | |
89 | click position; otherwise, set mark at the current value of point and | |
90 | point at the click position. Save the resulting region in the kill | |
91 | ring; on a second click, kill it (@code{mouse-save-then-kill}). | |
92 | @end table | |
93 | ||
94 | @findex mouse-set-point | |
95 | The most basic mouse command is @code{mouse-set-point}, which is | |
b63a8e8e | 96 | invoked by clicking with the left mouse button, @kbd{Mouse-1}, in the |
2aee6012 | 97 | text area of a window. This moves point to the position where you |
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98 | clicked. If that window was not the selected window, it becomes the |
99 | selected window. | |
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100 | |
101 | @vindex x-mouse-click-focus-ignore-position | |
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102 | Normally, if the frame you clicked in was not the selected frame, it |
103 | is made the selected frame, in addition to selecting the window and | |
104 | setting the cursor. On the X Window System, you can change this by | |
105 | setting the variable @code{x-mouse-click-focus-ignore-position} to | |
106 | @code{t}. In that case, the initial click on an unselected frame just | |
107 | selects the frame, without doing anything else; clicking again selects | |
108 | the window and sets the cursor position. | |
8cf51b2c | 109 | |
ed39e4e2 | 110 | @cindex mouse, dragging |
2aee6012 | 111 | @findex mouse-set-region |
dc103cdc | 112 | Holding down @kbd{Mouse-1} and ``dragging'' the mouse over a stretch |
2aee6012 | 113 | of text activates the region around that text |
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114 | (@code{mouse-set-region}), placing the mark where you started holding |
115 | down the mouse button, and point where you release it (@pxref{Mark}). | |
116 | In addition, the text in the region becomes the primary selection | |
117 | (@pxref{Primary Selection}). | |
118 | ||
119 | @vindex mouse-drag-copy-region | |
120 | If you change the variable @code{mouse-drag-copy-region} to a | |
121 | non-@code{nil} value, dragging the mouse over a stretch of text also | |
122 | adds the text to the kill ring. The default is @code{nil}. | |
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123 | |
124 | @vindex mouse-scroll-min-lines | |
2aee6012 | 125 | If you move the mouse off the top or bottom of the window while |
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126 | dragging, the window scrolls at a steady rate until you move the mouse |
127 | back into the window. This way, you can select regions that don't fit | |
128 | entirely on the screen. The number of lines scrolled per step depends | |
129 | on how far away from the window edge the mouse has gone; the variable | |
130 | @code{mouse-scroll-min-lines} specifies a minimum step size. | |
131 | ||
963578d3 | 132 | @findex mouse-yank-primary |
2aee6012 | 133 | @findex mouse-yank-at-click |
dc103cdc | 134 | Clicking with the middle mouse button, @kbd{Mouse-2}, moves point to |
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135 | the position where you clicked and inserts the contents of the primary |
136 | selection (@code{mouse-yank-primary}). @xref{Primary Selection}. | |
4ad3bc2a | 137 | This behavior is consistent with other X applications. Alternatively, |
963578d3 | 138 | you can rebind @kbd{Mouse-2} to @code{mouse-yank-at-click}, which |
20bc9ac5 | 139 | performs a yank at the position you click. |
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140 | |
141 | @vindex mouse-yank-at-point | |
142 | If you change the variable @code{mouse-yank-at-point} to a | |
143 | non-@code{nil} value, @kbd{Mouse-2} does not move point; it inserts | |
144 | the text at point, regardless of where you clicked or even which of | |
145 | the frame's windows you clicked on. This variable affects both | |
146 | @code{mouse-yank-primary} and @code{mouse-yank-at-click}. | |
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147 | |
148 | @findex mouse-save-then-kill | |
dc103cdc | 149 | Clicking with the right mouse button, @kbd{Mouse-3}, runs the |
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150 | command @code{mouse-save-then-kill}. This performs several actions |
151 | depending on where you click and the status of the region: | |
152 | ||
153 | @itemize @bullet | |
154 | @item | |
dc103cdc | 155 | If no region is active, clicking @kbd{Mouse-3} activates the region, |
2aee6012 | 156 | placing the mark where point was and point at the clicked position. |
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157 | |
158 | @item | |
dc103cdc | 159 | If a region is active, clicking @kbd{Mouse-3} adjusts the nearer end |
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160 | of the region by moving it to the clicked position. The adjusted |
161 | region's text is copied to the kill ring; if the text in the original | |
162 | region was already on the kill ring, it replaces it there. | |
163 | ||
164 | @item | |
165 | If you originally specified the region using a double or triple | |
dc103cdc | 166 | @kbd{Mouse-1}, so that the region is defined to consist of entire |
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167 | words or lines (@pxref{Word and Line Mouse}), then adjusting the |
168 | region with @kbd{Mouse-3} also proceeds by entire words or lines. | |
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169 | |
170 | @item | |
dc103cdc | 171 | If you use @kbd{Mouse-3} a second time consecutively, at the same |
2aee6012 | 172 | place, that kills the region already selected. Thus, the simplest way |
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173 | to kill text with the mouse is to click @kbd{Mouse-1} at one end, then |
174 | click @kbd{Mouse-3} twice at the other end. To copy the text into the | |
175 | kill ring without deleting it from the buffer, press @kbd{Mouse-3} | |
176 | just once---or just drag across the text with @kbd{Mouse-1}. Then you | |
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177 | can copy it elsewhere by yanking it. |
178 | @end itemize | |
179 | ||
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180 | The @code{mouse-save-then-kill} command also obeys the variable |
181 | @code{mouse-drag-copy-region} (described above). If the value is | |
182 | non-@code{nil}, then whenever the command sets or adjusts the active | |
183 | region, the text in the region is also added to the kill ring. If the | |
184 | latest kill ring entry had been added the same way, that entry is | |
185 | replaced rather than making a new entry. | |
186 | ||
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187 | Whenever you set the region using any of the mouse commands |
188 | described above, the mark will be deactivated by any subsequent | |
189 | unshifted cursor motion command, in addition to the usual ways of | |
4ad3bc2a | 190 | deactivating the mark. @xref{Shift Selection}. |
8cf51b2c | 191 | |
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192 | @cindex mouse wheel |
193 | @findex mouse-wheel-mode | |
194 | @cindex Mouse Wheel minor mode | |
195 | @cindex mode, Mouse Wheel | |
196 | @vindex mouse-wheel-follow-mouse | |
197 | @vindex mouse-wheel-scroll-amount | |
198 | @vindex mouse-wheel-progressive-speed | |
199 | Some mice have a ``wheel'' which can be used for scrolling. Emacs | |
200 | supports scrolling windows with the mouse wheel, by default, on most | |
201 | graphical displays. To toggle this feature, use @kbd{M-x | |
202 | mouse-wheel-mode}. The variables @code{mouse-wheel-follow-mouse} and | |
203 | @code{mouse-wheel-scroll-amount} determine where and by how much | |
204 | buffers are scrolled. The variable | |
205 | @code{mouse-wheel-progressive-speed} determines whether the scroll | |
206 | speed is linked to how fast you move the wheel. | |
207 | ||
8cf51b2c | 208 | @node Word and Line Mouse |
4d45a8b7 | 209 | @section Mouse Commands for Words and Lines |
8cf51b2c | 210 | |
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211 | These variants of @kbd{Mouse-1} select entire words or lines at a |
212 | time. Emacs activates the region around the selected text, which is | |
213 | also copied to the kill ring. | |
8cf51b2c | 214 | |
dc103cdc | 215 | @table @kbd |
8cf51b2c | 216 | @item Double-Mouse-1 |
2aee6012 | 217 | Select the text around the word which you click on. |
8cf51b2c | 218 | |
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219 | Double-clicking on a character with ``symbol'' syntax (such as |
220 | underscore, in C mode) selects the symbol surrounding that character. | |
221 | Double-clicking on a character with open- or close-parenthesis syntax | |
222 | selects the parenthetical grouping which that character starts or | |
223 | ends. Double-clicking on a character with string-delimiter syntax | |
4ad3bc2a | 224 | (such as a single-quote or double-quote in C) selects the string |
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225 | constant (Emacs uses heuristics to figure out whether that character |
226 | is the beginning or the end of it). | |
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227 | |
228 | @item Double-Drag-Mouse-1 | |
2aee6012 | 229 | Select the text you drag across, in the form of whole words. |
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230 | |
231 | @item Triple-Mouse-1 | |
2aee6012 | 232 | Select the line you click on. |
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233 | |
234 | @item Triple-Drag-Mouse-1 | |
2aee6012 | 235 | Select the text you drag across, in the form of whole lines. |
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236 | @end table |
237 | ||
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238 | @node Mouse References |
239 | @section Following References with the Mouse | |
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240 | @kindex Mouse-1 @r{(on buttons)} |
241 | @kindex Mouse-2 @r{(on buttons)} | |
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242 | @cindex hyperlinks |
243 | @cindex links | |
244 | @cindex text buttons | |
245 | @cindex buttons | |
8cf51b2c | 246 | |
4fc2e5bf | 247 | @vindex mouse-highlight |
4ad3bc2a | 248 | Some Emacs buffers include @dfn{buttons}, or @dfn{hyperlinks}: |
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249 | pieces of text that perform some action (e.g., following a reference) |
250 | when activated (e.g., by clicking on them). Usually, a button's text | |
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251 | is visually highlighted: it is underlined, or a box is drawn around |
252 | it. If you move the mouse over a button, the shape of the mouse | |
253 | cursor changes and the button lights up. If you change the variable | |
254 | @code{mouse-highlight} to @code{nil}, Emacs disables this | |
255 | highlighting. | |
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256 | |
257 | You can activate a button by moving point to it and typing | |
258 | @key{RET}, or by clicking either @kbd{Mouse-1} or @kbd{Mouse-2} on the | |
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259 | button. For example, in a Dired buffer, each file name is a button; |
260 | activating it causes Emacs to visit that file (@pxref{Dired}). In a | |
1c64e6ed | 261 | @file{*Compilation*} buffer, each error message is a button, and |
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262 | activating it visits the source code for that error |
263 | (@pxref{Compilation}). | |
264 | ||
265 | Although clicking @kbd{Mouse-1} on a button usually activates the | |
266 | button, if you hold the mouse button down for a period of time before | |
267 | releasing it (specifically, for more than 450 milliseconds), then | |
268 | Emacs moves point where you clicked, without activating the button. | |
269 | In this way, you can use the mouse to move point over a button without | |
270 | activating it. Dragging the mouse over or onto a button has its usual | |
271 | behavior of setting the region, and does not activate the button. | |
272 | ||
273 | You can change how @kbd{Mouse-1} applies to buttons by customizing | |
274 | the variable @code{mouse-1-click-follows-link}. If the value is a | |
275 | positive integer, that determines how long you need to hold the mouse | |
276 | button down for, in milliseconds, to cancel button activation; the | |
277 | default is 450, as described in the previous paragraph. If the value | |
278 | is @code{nil}, @kbd{Mouse-1} just sets point where you clicked, and | |
279 | does not activate buttons. If the value is @code{double}, double | |
280 | clicks activate buttons but single clicks just set point. | |
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281 | |
282 | @vindex mouse-1-click-in-non-selected-windows | |
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283 | Normally, @kbd{Mouse-1} on a button activates the button even if it |
284 | is in a non-selected window. If you change the variable | |
285 | @code{mouse-1-click-in-non-selected-windows} to @code{nil}, | |
286 | @kbd{Mouse-1} on a button in an unselected window moves point to the | |
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287 | clicked position and selects that window, without activating the |
288 | button. | |
8cf51b2c | 289 | |
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290 | @node Menu Mouse Clicks |
291 | @section Mouse Clicks for Menus | |
292 | ||
293 | Several mouse clicks with the @key{CTRL} and @key{SHIFT} modifiers | |
294 | bring up menus. | |
295 | ||
dc103cdc | 296 | @table @kbd |
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297 | @item C-Mouse-1 |
298 | @kindex C-Mouse-1 | |
299 | This menu is for selecting a buffer. | |
300 | ||
301 | The MSB (``mouse select buffer'') global minor mode makes this | |
302 | menu smarter and more customizable. @xref{Buffer Menus}. | |
303 | ||
304 | @item C-Mouse-2 | |
305 | @kindex C-Mouse-2 | |
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306 | This menu contains entries for examining faces and other text |
307 | properties, and well as for setting them (the latter is mainly useful | |
308 | when editing enriched text; @pxref{Enriched Text}). | |
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309 | |
310 | @item C-Mouse-3 | |
311 | @kindex C-Mouse-3 | |
312 | This menu is mode-specific. For most modes if Menu-bar mode is on, | |
313 | this menu has the same items as all the mode-specific menu-bar menus | |
314 | put together. Some modes may specify a different menu for this | |
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315 | button. If Menu Bar mode is off, this menu contains all the items |
316 | which would be present in the menu bar---not just the mode-specific | |
317 | ones---so that you can access them without having to display the menu | |
318 | bar. | |
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319 | |
320 | @item S-Mouse-1 | |
4fc2e5bf | 321 | This menu is for changing the default face within the window's buffer. |
d366bd53 | 322 | @xref{Text Scale}. |
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323 | @end table |
324 | ||
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325 | Some graphical applications use @kbd{Mouse-3} for a mode-specific |
326 | menu. If you prefer @kbd{Mouse-3} in Emacs to bring up such a menu | |
327 | instead of running the @code{mouse-save-then-kill} command, rebind | |
328 | @kbd{Mouse-3} by adding the following line to your init file | |
329 | (@pxref{Init Rebinding}): | |
330 | ||
331 | @smallexample | |
332 | (global-set-key [mouse-3] 'mouse-popup-menubar-stuff) | |
333 | @end smallexample | |
334 | ||
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335 | @node Mode Line Mouse |
336 | @section Mode Line Mouse Commands | |
337 | @cindex mode line, mouse | |
338 | @cindex mouse on mode line | |
339 | ||
340 | You can use mouse clicks on window mode lines to select and manipulate | |
341 | windows. | |
342 | ||
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343 | Some areas of the mode line, such as the buffer name, and major and minor |
344 | mode names, have their own special mouse bindings. These areas are | |
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345 | highlighted when you hold the mouse over them, and information about |
346 | the special bindings will be displayed (@pxref{Tooltips}). This | |
347 | section's commands do not apply in those areas. | |
348 | ||
349 | @table @kbd | |
350 | @item Mouse-1 | |
351 | @kindex Mouse-1 @r{(mode line)} | |
352 | @kbd{Mouse-1} on a mode line selects the window it belongs to. By | |
353 | dragging @kbd{Mouse-1} on the mode line, you can move it, thus | |
354 | changing the height of the windows above and below. Changing heights | |
355 | with the mouse in this way never deletes windows, it just refuses to | |
356 | make any window smaller than the minimum height. | |
357 | ||
358 | @item Mouse-2 | |
359 | @kindex Mouse-2 @r{(mode line)} | |
360 | @kbd{Mouse-2} on a mode line expands that window to fill its frame. | |
361 | ||
362 | @item Mouse-3 | |
363 | @kindex Mouse-3 @r{(mode line)} | |
364 | @kbd{Mouse-3} on a mode line deletes the window it belongs to. If the | |
4ad3bc2a | 365 | frame has only one window, it does nothing. |
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366 | |
367 | @item C-Mouse-2 | |
368 | @kindex C-mouse-2 @r{(mode line)} | |
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369 | @kbd{C-Mouse-2} on a mode line splits that window, producing two |
370 | side-by-side windows with the boundary running through the click | |
371 | position (@pxref{Split Window}). | |
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372 | @end table |
373 | ||
8cf51b2c | 374 | @kindex Mouse-1 @r{(scroll bar)} |
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375 | Furthermore, by clicking and dragging @kbd{Mouse-1} on the divider |
376 | between two side-by-side mode lines, you can move the vertical | |
377 | boundary to the left or right. | |
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378 | |
379 | @node Creating Frames | |
380 | @section Creating Frames | |
381 | @cindex creating frames | |
382 | ||
383 | @kindex C-x 5 | |
b63a8e8e CY |
384 | The prefix key @kbd{C-x 5} is analogous to @kbd{C-x 4}. Whereas |
385 | each @kbd{C-x 4} command pops up a buffer in a different window in the | |
386 | selected frame (@pxref{Pop Up Window}), the @kbd{C-x 5} commands use a | |
387 | different frame. If an existing visible or iconified (``minimized'') | |
388 | frame already displays the requested buffer, that frame is raised and | |
389 | deiconified (``un-minimized''); otherwise, a new frame is created on | |
390 | the current display terminal. | |
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391 | |
392 | The various @kbd{C-x 5} commands differ in how they find or create the | |
393 | buffer to select: | |
394 | ||
395 | @table @kbd | |
396 | @item C-x 5 2 | |
397 | @kindex C-x 5 2 | |
398 | @findex make-frame-command | |
399 | Create a new frame (@code{make-frame-command}). | |
400 | @item C-x 5 b @var{bufname} @key{RET} | |
401 | Select buffer @var{bufname} in another frame. This runs | |
402 | @code{switch-to-buffer-other-frame}. | |
403 | @item C-x 5 f @var{filename} @key{RET} | |
404 | Visit file @var{filename} and select its buffer in another frame. This | |
405 | runs @code{find-file-other-frame}. @xref{Visiting}. | |
406 | @item C-x 5 d @var{directory} @key{RET} | |
407 | Select a Dired buffer for directory @var{directory} in another frame. | |
408 | This runs @code{dired-other-frame}. @xref{Dired}. | |
409 | @item C-x 5 m | |
410 | Start composing a mail message in another frame. This runs | |
411 | @code{mail-other-frame}. It is the other-frame variant of @kbd{C-x m}. | |
412 | @xref{Sending Mail}. | |
413 | @item C-x 5 . | |
414 | Find a tag in the current tag table in another frame. This runs | |
415 | @code{find-tag-other-frame}, the multiple-frame variant of @kbd{M-.}. | |
416 | @xref{Tags}. | |
417 | @item C-x 5 r @var{filename} @key{RET} | |
418 | @kindex C-x 5 r | |
419 | @findex find-file-read-only-other-frame | |
420 | Visit file @var{filename} read-only, and select its buffer in another | |
421 | frame. This runs @code{find-file-read-only-other-frame}. | |
422 | @xref{Visiting}. | |
423 | @end table | |
424 | ||
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425 | You can control the appearance and behavior of the newly-created |
426 | frames by specifying @dfn{frame parameters}. @xref{Frame Parameters}. | |
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427 | |
428 | @node Frame Commands | |
429 | @section Frame Commands | |
430 | ||
b63a8e8e | 431 | The following commands are used to delete and operate on frames: |
8cf51b2c GM |
432 | |
433 | @table @kbd | |
b63a8e8e CY |
434 | @item C-x 5 0 |
435 | @kindex C-x 5 0 | |
436 | @findex delete-frame | |
437 | Delete the selected frame (@code{delete-frame}). This signals an | |
438 | error if there is only one frame. | |
439 | ||
8cf51b2c GM |
440 | @item C-z |
441 | @kindex C-z @r{(X windows)} | |
8ba46c89 CY |
442 | @findex suspend-frame |
443 | Minimize (or ``iconify) the selected Emacs frame | |
444 | (@code{suspend-frame}). @xref{Exiting}. | |
8cf51b2c | 445 | |
8cf51b2c GM |
446 | @item C-x 5 o |
447 | @kindex C-x 5 o | |
448 | @findex other-frame | |
b63a8e8e CY |
449 | Select another frame, and raise it. If you repeat this command, it |
450 | cycles through all the frames on your terminal. | |
8cf51b2c GM |
451 | |
452 | @item C-x 5 1 | |
453 | @kindex C-x 5 1 | |
454 | @findex delete-other-frames | |
16254627 | 455 | Delete all frames on the current terminal, except the selected one. |
7b4ec549 TH |
456 | |
457 | @item M-<F10> | |
458 | @kindex M-<F10> | |
459 | @findex toggle-frame-maximized | |
881aae56 GM |
460 | Toggle the maximization state of the current frame. When a frame is |
461 | maximized, it fills the screen. | |
7b4ec549 TH |
462 | |
463 | @item <F11> | |
464 | @kindex <F11> | |
465 | @findex toggle-frame-fullscreen | |
881aae56 GM |
466 | Toggle fullscreen mode for the current frame. (The difference |
467 | between ``fullscreen'' and ``maximized'' is normally that the former | |
468 | hides window manager decorations, giving slightly more screen space to | |
469 | Emacs itself.) | |
8cf51b2c GM |
470 | @end table |
471 | ||
b63a8e8e CY |
472 | The @kbd{C-x 5 0} (@code{delete-frame}) command deletes the selected |
473 | frame. However, it will refuse to delete the last frame in an Emacs | |
474 | session, to prevent you from losing the ability to interact with the | |
475 | Emacs session. Note that when Emacs is run as a daemon (@pxref{Emacs | |
476 | Server}), there is always a ``virtual frame'' that remains after all | |
477 | the ordinary, interactive frames are deleted. In this case, @kbd{C-x | |
478 | 5 0} can delete the last interactive frame; you can use | |
479 | @command{emacsclient} to reconnect to the Emacs session. | |
480 | ||
481 | The @kbd{C-x 5 1} (@code{delete-other-frames}) command deletes all | |
482 | other frames on the current terminal (this terminal refers to either a | |
0be641c0 CY |
483 | graphical display, or a text terminal; @pxref{Non-Window Terminals}). |
484 | If the Emacs session has frames open on other graphical displays or | |
485 | text terminals, those are not deleted. | |
16254627 | 486 | |
8cf51b2c | 487 | @vindex focus-follows-mouse |
b63a8e8e CY |
488 | The @kbd{C-x 5 o} (@code{other-frame}) command selects the next |
489 | frame on the current terminal. If you are using Emacs on the X Window | |
490 | System with a window manager that selects (or @dfn{gives focus to}) | |
491 | whatever frame the mouse cursor is over, you have to change the | |
492 | variable @code{focus-follows-mouse} to @code{t} in order for this | |
493 | command to work properly. Then invoking @kbd{C-x 5 o} will also warp | |
494 | the mouse cursor to the chosen frame. | |
8cf51b2c | 495 | |
d68eb23c CY |
496 | @node Fonts |
497 | @section Fonts | |
498 | @cindex fonts | |
499 | ||
b63a8e8e | 500 | By default, Emacs displays text on graphical displays using a |
13a83f05 | 501 | 10-point monospace font. There are several different ways to specify |
b63a8e8e | 502 | a different font: |
d68eb23c CY |
503 | |
504 | @itemize | |
505 | @item | |
13a83f05 EZ |
506 | Click on @samp{Set Default Font} in the @samp{Options} menu. This |
507 | makes the selected font the default on all existing graphical frames. | |
508 | To save this for future sessions, click on @samp{Save Options} in the | |
d68eb23c CY |
509 | @samp{Options} menu. |
510 | ||
511 | @item | |
fe762311 GM |
512 | Add a line to your init file, modifying the variable |
513 | @code{default-frame-alist} to specify the @code{font} parameter | |
514 | (@pxref{Frame Parameters}), like this: | |
d68eb23c | 515 | |
fe762311 | 516 | @example |
166bc0c8 CY |
517 | (add-to-list 'default-frame-alist |
518 | '(font . "DejaVu Sans Mono-10")) | |
fe762311 | 519 | @end example |
d68eb23c | 520 | |
13a83f05 EZ |
521 | @noindent |
522 | This makes the font the default on all graphical frames created after | |
523 | restarting Emacs with that init file. | |
524 | ||
d68eb23c CY |
525 | @cindex X defaults file |
526 | @cindex X resources file | |
527 | @item | |
528 | Add an @samp{emacs.font} X resource setting to your X resource file, | |
529 | like this: | |
530 | ||
fe762311 | 531 | @example |
d68eb23c | 532 | emacs.font: DejaVu Sans Mono-12 |
fe762311 | 533 | @end example |
d68eb23c CY |
534 | |
535 | @noindent | |
536 | You must restart X, or use the @command{xrdb} command, for the X | |
fe762311 GM |
537 | resources file to take effect. @xref{Resources}. Do not quote |
538 | font names in X resource files. | |
d68eb23c CY |
539 | |
540 | @item | |
541 | If you are running Emacs on the GNOME desktop, you can tell Emacs to | |
542 | use the default system font by setting the variable | |
543 | @code{font-use-system-font} to @code{t} (the default is @code{nil}). | |
b63a8e8e | 544 | For this to work, Emacs must have been compiled with Gconf support. |
d68eb23c CY |
545 | |
546 | @item | |
547 | Use the command line option @samp{-fn} (or @samp{--font}). @xref{Font | |
548 | X}. | |
549 | @end itemize | |
550 | ||
b63a8e8e CY |
551 | To check what font you're currently using, the @kbd{C-u C-x =} |
552 | command can be helpful. It describes the character at point, and | |
553 | names the font that it's rendered in. | |
6e560c71 | 554 | |
d68eb23c CY |
555 | @cindex fontconfig |
556 | On X, there are four different ways to express a ``font name''. The | |
557 | first is to use a @dfn{Fontconfig pattern}. Fontconfig patterns have | |
558 | the following form: | |
559 | ||
fe762311 | 560 | @example |
d68eb23c | 561 | @var{fontname}[-@var{fontsize}][:@var{name1}=@var{values1}][:@var{name2}=@var{values2}]... |
fe762311 | 562 | @end example |
d68eb23c CY |
563 | |
564 | @noindent | |
565 | Within this format, any of the elements in braces may be omitted. | |
566 | Here, @var{fontname} is the @dfn{family name} of the font, such as | |
b63a8e8e | 567 | @samp{Monospace} or @samp{DejaVu Sans Mono}; @var{fontsize} is the |
d68eb23c CY |
568 | @dfn{point size} of the font (one @dfn{printer's point} is about 1/72 |
569 | of an inch); and the @samp{@var{name}=@var{values}} entries specify | |
570 | settings such as the slant and weight of the font. Each @var{values} | |
571 | may be a single value, or a list of values separated by commas. In | |
572 | addition, some property values are valid with only one kind of | |
573 | property name, in which case the @samp{@var{name}=} part may be | |
574 | omitted. | |
575 | ||
576 | Here is a list of common font properties: | |
577 | ||
578 | @table @samp | |
579 | @item slant | |
b63a8e8e | 580 | One of @samp{italic}, @samp{oblique}, or @samp{roman}. |
d68eb23c CY |
581 | |
582 | @item weight | |
583 | One of @samp{light}, @samp{medium}, @samp{demibold}, @samp{bold} or | |
584 | @samp{black}. | |
585 | ||
586 | @item style | |
587 | Some fonts define special styles which are a combination of slant and | |
588 | weight. For instance, @samp{Dejavu Sans} defines the @samp{book} | |
589 | style, which overrides the slant and weight properties. | |
590 | ||
591 | @item width | |
592 | One of @samp{condensed}, @samp{normal}, or @samp{expanded}. | |
593 | ||
594 | @item spacing | |
595 | One of @samp{monospace}, @samp{proportional}, @samp{dual-width}, or | |
596 | @samp{charcell}. | |
597 | @end table | |
598 | ||
599 | @noindent | |
600 | Here are some examples of Fontconfig patterns: | |
601 | ||
fe762311 | 602 | @example |
d68eb23c CY |
603 | Monospace |
604 | Monospace-12 | |
605 | Monospace-12:bold | |
606 | DejaVu Sans Mono:bold:italic | |
607 | Monospace-12:weight=bold:slant=italic | |
fe762311 | 608 | @end example |
d68eb23c | 609 | |
ae742cb5 CY |
610 | For a more detailed description of Fontconfig patterns, see the |
611 | Fontconfig manual, which is distributed with Fontconfig and available | |
612 | online at @url{http://fontconfig.org/fontconfig-user.html}. | |
d68eb23c | 613 | |
b63a8e8e CY |
614 | @cindex GTK font pattern |
615 | The second way to specify a font is to use a @dfn{GTK font pattern}. | |
616 | These have the syntax | |
d68eb23c | 617 | |
fe762311 | 618 | @example |
d68eb23c | 619 | @var{fontname} [@var{properties}] [@var{fontsize}] |
fe762311 | 620 | @end example |
d68eb23c CY |
621 | |
622 | @noindent | |
623 | where @var{fontname} is the family name, @var{properties} is a list of | |
624 | property values separated by spaces, and @var{fontsize} is the point | |
b63a8e8e CY |
625 | size. The properties that you may specify for GTK font patterns are |
626 | as follows: | |
d68eb23c | 627 | |
b63a8e8e CY |
628 | @itemize |
629 | @item | |
630 | Slant properties: @samp{Italic} or @samp{Oblique}. If omitted, the | |
631 | default (roman) slant is implied. | |
632 | @item | |
633 | Weight properties: @samp{Bold}, @samp{Book}, @samp{Light}, | |
634 | @samp{Medium}, @samp{Semi-bold}, or @samp{Ultra-light}. If omitted, | |
635 | @samp{Medium} weight is implied. | |
636 | @item | |
637 | Width properties: @samp{Semi-Condensed} or @samp{Condensed}. If | |
638 | omitted, a default width is used. | |
639 | @end itemize | |
d68eb23c CY |
640 | |
641 | @noindent | |
b63a8e8e | 642 | Here are some examples of GTK font patterns: |
d68eb23c | 643 | |
fe762311 | 644 | @example |
d68eb23c CY |
645 | Monospace 12 |
646 | Monospace Bold Italic 12 | |
fe762311 | 647 | @end example |
d68eb23c CY |
648 | |
649 | @cindex XLFD | |
650 | @cindex X Logical Font Description | |
651 | The third way to specify a font is to use an @dfn{XLFD} (@dfn{X | |
652 | Logical Font Description}). This is the traditional method for | |
1df7defd | 653 | specifying fonts under X@. Each XLFD consists of fourteen words or |
d68eb23c CY |
654 | numbers, separated by dashes, like this: |
655 | ||
fe762311 | 656 | @example |
d68eb23c | 657 | -misc-fixed-medium-r-semicondensed--13-*-*-*-c-60-iso8859-1 |
fe762311 | 658 | @end example |
d68eb23c CY |
659 | |
660 | @noindent | |
661 | A wildcard character (@samp{*}) in an XLFD matches any sequence of | |
662 | characters (including none), and @samp{?} matches any single | |
663 | character. However, matching is implementation-dependent, and can be | |
664 | inaccurate when wildcards match dashes in a long name. For reliable | |
665 | results, supply all 14 dashes and use wildcards only within a field. | |
1df7defd | 666 | Case is insignificant in an XLFD@. The syntax for an XLFD is as |
d68eb23c CY |
667 | follows: |
668 | ||
fe762311 | 669 | @example |
d68eb23c CY |
670 | -@var{maker}-@var{family}-@var{weight}-@var{slant}-@var{widthtype}-@var{style}@dots{} |
671 | @dots{}-@var{pixels}-@var{height}-@var{horiz}-@var{vert}-@var{spacing}-@var{width}-@var{registry}-@var{encoding} | |
fe762311 | 672 | @end example |
d68eb23c CY |
673 | |
674 | @noindent | |
675 | The entries have the following meanings: | |
676 | ||
677 | @table @var | |
678 | @item maker | |
679 | The name of the font manufacturer. | |
680 | @item family | |
1df7defd | 681 | The name of the font family (e.g., @samp{courier}). |
d68eb23c CY |
682 | @item weight |
683 | The font weight---normally either @samp{bold}, @samp{medium} or | |
684 | @samp{light}. Some font names support other values. | |
685 | @item slant | |
686 | The font slant---normally @samp{r} (roman), @samp{i} (italic), | |
687 | @samp{o} (oblique), @samp{ri} (reverse italic), or @samp{ot} (other). | |
688 | Some font names support other values. | |
689 | @item widthtype | |
ae742cb5 | 690 | The font width---normally @samp{normal}, @samp{condensed}, |
9eb25ee8 GM |
691 | @samp{semicondensed}, or @samp{extended}. Some font names support |
692 | other values. | |
d68eb23c | 693 | @item style |
b63a8e8e CY |
694 | An optional additional style name. Usually it is empty---most XLFDs |
695 | have two hyphens in a row at this point. | |
d68eb23c CY |
696 | @item pixels |
697 | The font height, in pixels. | |
698 | @item height | |
699 | The font height on the screen, measured in tenths of a printer's | |
700 | point. This is the point size of the font, times ten. For a given | |
701 | vertical resolution, @var{height} and @var{pixels} are proportional; | |
702 | therefore, it is common to specify just one of them and use @samp{*} | |
703 | for the other. | |
704 | @item horiz | |
705 | The horizontal resolution, in pixels per inch, of the screen for which | |
706 | the font is intended. | |
707 | @item vert | |
708 | The vertical resolution, in pixels per inch, of the screen for which | |
709 | the font is intended. Normally the resolution of the fonts on your | |
710 | system is the right value for your screen; therefore, you normally | |
711 | specify @samp{*} for this and @var{horiz}. | |
712 | @item spacing | |
713 | This is @samp{m} (monospace), @samp{p} (proportional) or @samp{c} | |
714 | (character cell). | |
715 | @item width | |
716 | The average character width, in pixels, multiplied by ten. | |
717 | @item registry | |
718 | @itemx encoding | |
719 | The X font character set that the font depicts. (X font character | |
720 | sets are not the same as Emacs character sets, but they are similar.) | |
721 | You can use the @command{xfontsel} program to check which choices you | |
722 | have. Normally you should use @samp{iso8859} for @var{registry} and | |
723 | @samp{1} for @var{encoding}. | |
724 | @end table | |
725 | ||
726 | The fourth and final method of specifying a font is to use a ``font | |
727 | nickname''. Certain fonts have shorter nicknames, which you can use | |
728 | instead of a normal font specification. For instance, @samp{6x13} is | |
729 | equivalent to | |
730 | ||
fe762311 | 731 | @example |
d68eb23c | 732 | -misc-fixed-medium-r-semicondensed--13-*-*-*-c-60-iso8859-1 |
fe762311 | 733 | @end example |
d68eb23c CY |
734 | |
735 | @cindex client-side fonts | |
736 | @cindex server-side fonts | |
737 | On X, Emacs recognizes two types of fonts: @dfn{client-side} fonts, | |
738 | which are provided by the Xft and Fontconfig libraries, and | |
739 | @dfn{server-side} fonts, which are provided by the X server itself. | |
740 | Most client-side fonts support advanced font features such as | |
741 | antialiasing and subpixel hinting, while server-side fonts do not. | |
742 | Fontconfig and GTK patterns match only client-side fonts. | |
743 | ||
744 | @cindex listing system fonts | |
745 | You will probably want to use a fixed-width default font---that is, | |
746 | a font in which all characters have the same width. For Xft and | |
747 | Fontconfig fonts, you can use the @command{fc-list} command to list | |
748 | the available fixed-width fonts, like this: | |
749 | ||
750 | @example | |
751 | fc-list :spacing=mono fc-list :spacing=charcell | |
752 | @end example | |
753 | ||
754 | @noindent | |
755 | For server-side X fonts, you can use the @command{xlsfonts} program to | |
756 | list the available fixed-width fonts, like this: | |
757 | ||
758 | @example | |
759 | xlsfonts -fn '*x*' | egrep "^[0-9]+x[0-9]+" | |
760 | xlsfonts -fn '*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-m*' | |
761 | xlsfonts -fn '*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-c*' | |
762 | @end example | |
763 | ||
764 | @noindent | |
765 | Any font with @samp{m} or @samp{c} in the @var{spacing} field of the | |
766 | XLFD is a fixed-width font. To see what a particular font looks like, | |
767 | use the @command{xfd} command. For example: | |
768 | ||
769 | @example | |
770 | xfd -fn 6x13 | |
771 | @end example | |
772 | ||
773 | @noindent | |
774 | displays the entire font @samp{6x13}. | |
775 | ||
776 | While running Emacs, you can also set the font of a specific kind of | |
777 | text (@pxref{Faces}), or a particular frame (@pxref{Frame | |
778 | Parameters}). | |
779 | ||
8cf51b2c GM |
780 | @node Speedbar |
781 | @section Speedbar Frames | |
782 | @cindex speedbar | |
783 | ||
784 | @cindex attached frame (of speedbar) | |
785 | The @dfn{speedbar} is a special frame for conveniently navigating in | |
786 | or operating on another frame. The speedbar, when it exists, is | |
787 | always associated with a specific frame, called its @dfn{attached | |
788 | frame}; all speedbar operations act on that frame. | |
789 | ||
790 | Type @kbd{M-x speedbar} to create the speedbar and associate it with | |
791 | the current frame. To dismiss the speedbar, type @kbd{M-x speedbar} | |
792 | again, or select the speedbar and type @kbd{q}. (You can also delete | |
793 | the speedbar frame like any other Emacs frame.) If you wish to | |
794 | associate the speedbar with a different frame, dismiss it and call | |
795 | @kbd{M-x speedbar} from that frame. | |
796 | ||
797 | The speedbar can operate in various modes. Its default mode is | |
798 | @dfn{File Display} mode, which shows the files in the current | |
799 | directory of the selected window of the attached frame, one file per | |
800 | line. Clicking on a file name visits that file in the selected window | |
801 | of the attached frame, and clicking on a directory name shows that | |
802 | directory in the speedbar (@pxref{Mouse References}). Each line also | |
803 | has a box, @samp{[+]} or @samp{<+>}, that you can click on to | |
804 | @dfn{expand} the contents of that item. Expanding a directory adds | |
805 | the contents of that directory to the speedbar display, underneath the | |
806 | directory's own line. Expanding an ordinary file adds a list of the | |
807 | tags in that file to the speedbar display; you can click on a tag name | |
808 | to jump to that tag in the selected window of the attached frame. | |
809 | When a file or directory is expanded, the @samp{[+]} changes to | |
810 | @samp{[-]}; you can click on that box to @dfn{contract} the item, | |
811 | hiding its contents. | |
812 | ||
813 | You navigate through the speedbar using the keyboard, too. Typing | |
d7e9a7f8 EZ |
814 | @key{RET} while point is on a line in the speedbar is equivalent to |
815 | clicking the item on the current line, and @key{SPC} expands or | |
8cf51b2c GM |
816 | contracts the item. @kbd{U} displays the parent directory of the |
817 | current directory. To copy, delete, or rename the file on the current | |
818 | line, type @kbd{C}, @kbd{D}, and @kbd{R} respectively. To create a | |
819 | new directory, type @kbd{M}. | |
820 | ||
821 | Another general-purpose speedbar mode is @dfn{Buffer Display} mode; | |
822 | in this mode, the speedbar displays a list of Emacs buffers. To | |
823 | switch to this mode, type @kbd{b} in the speedbar. To return to File | |
824 | Display mode, type @kbd{f}. You can also change the display mode by | |
825 | clicking @kbd{mouse-3} anywhere in the speedbar window (or | |
826 | @kbd{mouse-1} on the mode-line) and selecting @samp{Displays} in the | |
827 | pop-up menu. | |
828 | ||
829 | Some major modes, including Rmail mode, Info, and GUD, have | |
830 | specialized ways of putting useful items into the speedbar for you to | |
831 | select. For example, in Rmail mode, the speedbar shows a list of Rmail | |
832 | files, and lets you move the current message to another Rmail file by | |
833 | clicking on its @samp{<M>} box. | |
834 | ||
835 | For more details on using and programming the speedbar, @xref{Top, | |
836 | Speedbar,,speedbar, Speedbar Manual}. | |
837 | ||
838 | @node Multiple Displays | |
839 | @section Multiple Displays | |
840 | @cindex multiple displays | |
841 | ||
842 | A single Emacs can talk to more than one X display. Initially, Emacs | |
843 | uses just one display---the one specified with the @env{DISPLAY} | |
844 | environment variable or with the @samp{--display} option (@pxref{Initial | |
845 | Options}). To connect to another display, use the command | |
846 | @code{make-frame-on-display}: | |
847 | ||
848 | @findex make-frame-on-display | |
849 | @table @kbd | |
850 | @item M-x make-frame-on-display @key{RET} @var{display} @key{RET} | |
851 | Create a new frame on display @var{display}. | |
852 | @end table | |
853 | ||
854 | A single X server can handle more than one screen. When you open | |
855 | frames on two screens belonging to one server, Emacs knows they share a | |
856 | single keyboard, and it treats all the commands arriving from these | |
857 | screens as a single stream of input. | |
858 | ||
859 | When you open frames on different X servers, Emacs makes a separate | |
4fc2e5bf CY |
860 | input stream for each server. Each server also has its own selected |
861 | frame. The commands you enter with a particular X server apply to | |
862 | that server's selected frame. | |
8cf51b2c | 863 | |
b63a8e8e CY |
864 | @node Frame Parameters |
865 | @section Frame Parameters | |
866 | @cindex default-frame-alist | |
8cf51b2c | 867 | |
b63a8e8e CY |
868 | You can control the default appearance and behavior of all frames by |
869 | specifying a default list of @dfn{frame parameters} in the variable | |
870 | @code{default-frame-alist}. Its value should be a list of entries, | |
871 | each specifying a parameter name and a value for that parameter. | |
872 | These entries take effect whenever Emacs creates a new frame, | |
873 | including the initial frame. | |
8cf51b2c | 874 | |
b63a8e8e CY |
875 | @cindex frame size, specifying default |
876 | For example, you can add the following lines to your init file | |
877 | (@pxref{Init File}) to set the default frame width to 90 character | |
878 | columns, the default frame height to 40 character rows, and the | |
879 | default font to @samp{Monospace-10}: | |
8cf51b2c GM |
880 | |
881 | @example | |
b63a8e8e CY |
882 | (add-to-list 'default-frame-alist '(width . 90)) |
883 | (add-to-list 'default-frame-alist '(height . 40)) | |
884 | (add-to-list 'default-frame-alist '(font . "Monospace-10")) | |
8cf51b2c GM |
885 | @end example |
886 | ||
b63a8e8e CY |
887 | For a list of frame parameters and their effects, see @ref{Frame |
888 | Parameters,,, elisp, The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}. | |
8cf51b2c | 889 | |
b63a8e8e CY |
890 | @cindex initial-frame-alist |
891 | You can also specify a list of frame parameters which apply to just | |
892 | the initial frame, by customizing the variable | |
893 | @code{initial-frame-alist}. | |
8cf51b2c | 894 | |
b63a8e8e CY |
895 | If Emacs is compiled to use an X toolkit, frame parameters that |
896 | specify colors and fonts don't affect menus and the menu bar, since | |
897 | those are drawn by the toolkit and not directly by Emacs. | |
8cf51b2c GM |
898 | |
899 | @node Scroll Bars | |
900 | @section Scroll Bars | |
901 | @cindex Scroll Bar mode | |
902 | @cindex mode, Scroll Bar | |
903 | ||
da97a9e6 CY |
904 | On graphical displays, there is a @dfn{scroll bar} on the side of |
905 | each Emacs window. Clicking @kbd{Mouse-1} on the scroll bar's up and | |
906 | down buttons scrolls the window by one line at a time. Clicking | |
907 | @kbd{Mouse-1} above or below the scroll bar's inner box scrolls the | |
908 | window by nearly the entire height of the window, like @kbd{M-v} and | |
909 | @kbd{C-v} respectively (@pxref{Moving Point}). Dragging the inner box | |
910 | scrolls continuously. | |
911 | ||
912 | If Emacs is compiled on the X Window System without X toolkit | |
913 | support, the scroll bar behaves differently. Clicking @kbd{Mouse-1} | |
914 | anywhere on the scroll bar scrolls forward like @kbd{C-v}, while | |
915 | @kbd{Mouse-3} scrolls backward like @kbd{M-v}. Clicking @kbd{Mouse-2} | |
916 | in the scroll bar lets you drag the inner box up and down. | |
8cf51b2c GM |
917 | |
918 | @findex scroll-bar-mode | |
8cf51b2c | 919 | @findex toggle-scroll-bar |
da97a9e6 CY |
920 | To toggle the use of scroll bars, type @kbd{M-x scroll-bar-mode}. |
921 | This command applies to all frames, including frames yet to be | |
922 | created. To toggle scroll bars for just the selected frame, use the | |
8cf51b2c GM |
923 | command @kbd{M-x toggle-scroll-bar}. |
924 | ||
da97a9e6 CY |
925 | @vindex scroll-bar-mode |
926 | To control the use of scroll bars at startup, customize the variable | |
927 | @code{scroll-bar-mode}. Its value should be either @code{right} (put | |
928 | scroll bars on the right side of windows), @code{left} (put them on | |
929 | the left), or @code{nil} (disable scroll bars). By default, Emacs | |
930 | puts scroll bars on the right if it was compiled with GTK+ support on | |
931 | the X Window System, and on MS-Windows or Mac OS; Emacs puts scroll | |
870e8fb8 | 932 | bars on the left if compiled on the X Window System without GTK+ |
da97a9e6 CY |
933 | support (following the old convention for X applications). |
934 | ||
8cf51b2c GM |
935 | @vindex scroll-bar-width |
936 | @cindex width of the scroll bar | |
da97a9e6 CY |
937 | You can also use the X resource @samp{verticalScrollBars} to enable |
938 | or disable the scroll bars (@pxref{Resources}). To control the scroll | |
939 | bar width, change the @code{scroll-bar-width} frame parameter | |
940 | (@pxref{Frame Parameters,,, elisp, The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}). | |
8cf51b2c | 941 | |
daef8ab1 XF |
942 | @vindex scroll-bar-adjust-thumb-portion |
943 | @cindex overscrolling | |
944 | If you're using Emacs on X (with GTK+ or Motif), you can customize the | |
945 | variable @code{scroll-bar-adjust-thumb-portion} to control | |
946 | @dfn{overscrolling} of the scroll bar, i.e. dragging the thumb down even | |
947 | when the end of the buffer is visible. If its value is | |
948 | non-@code{nil}, the scroll bar can be dragged downwards even if the | |
949 | end of the buffer is shown; if @code{nil}, the thumb will be at the | |
950 | bottom when the end of the buffer is shown. You can not over-scroll | |
951 | when the entire buffer is visible. | |
952 | ||
8cf51b2c GM |
953 | @node Drag and Drop |
954 | @section Drag and Drop | |
955 | @cindex drag and drop | |
956 | ||
b63a8e8e CY |
957 | In most graphical desktop environments, Emacs has basic support for |
958 | @dfn{drag and drop} operations. For instance, dropping text onto an | |
959 | Emacs frame inserts the text where it is dropped. Dropping a file | |
960 | onto an Emacs frame visits that file. As a special case, dropping the | |
961 | file on a Dired buffer moves or copies the file (according to the | |
962 | conventions of the application it came from) into the directory | |
963 | displayed in that buffer. | |
8cf51b2c GM |
964 | |
965 | @vindex dnd-open-file-other-window | |
966 | Dropping a file normally visits it in the window you drop it on. If | |
967 | you prefer to visit the file in a new window in such cases, customize | |
968 | the variable @code{dnd-open-file-other-window}. | |
969 | ||
970 | The XDND and Motif drag and drop protocols, and the old KDE 1.x | |
971 | protocol, are currently supported. | |
972 | ||
973 | @node Menu Bars | |
974 | @section Menu Bars | |
975 | @cindex Menu Bar mode | |
976 | @cindex mode, Menu Bar | |
977 | @findex menu-bar-mode | |
978 | @vindex menu-bar-mode | |
979 | ||
b63a8e8e CY |
980 | You can toggle the use of menu bars with @kbd{M-x menu-bar-mode}. |
981 | With no argument, this command toggles Menu Bar mode, a global minor | |
982 | mode. With an argument, the command turns Menu Bar mode on if the | |
983 | argument is positive, off if the argument is not positive. To control | |
984 | the use of menu bars at startup, customize the variable | |
985 | @code{menu-bar-mode}. | |
8cf51b2c GM |
986 | |
987 | @kindex C-Mouse-3 @r{(when menu bar is disabled)} | |
0be641c0 | 988 | Expert users often turn off the menu bar, especially on text |
8cf51b2c GM |
989 | terminals, where this makes one additional line available for text. |
990 | If the menu bar is off, you can still pop up a menu of its contents | |
991 | with @kbd{C-Mouse-3} on a display which supports pop-up menus. | |
992 | @xref{Menu Mouse Clicks}. | |
993 | ||
994 | @xref{Menu Bar}, for information on how to invoke commands with the | |
995 | menu bar. @xref{X Resources}, for how to customize the menu bar | |
996 | menus' visual appearance. | |
997 | ||
998 | @node Tool Bars | |
999 | @section Tool Bars | |
1000 | @cindex Tool Bar mode | |
1001 | @cindex mode, Tool Bar | |
1002 | @cindex icons, toolbar | |
1003 | ||
da97a9e6 CY |
1004 | On graphical displays, Emacs puts a @dfn{tool bar} at the top of |
1005 | each frame, just below the menu bar. This is a row of icons which you | |
1006 | can click on with the mouse to invoke various commands. | |
8cf51b2c | 1007 | |
da97a9e6 CY |
1008 | The global (default) tool bar contains general commands. Some major |
1009 | modes define their own tool bars; whenever a buffer with such a major | |
1010 | mode is current, the mode's tool bar replaces the global tool bar. | |
8cf51b2c GM |
1011 | |
1012 | @findex tool-bar-mode | |
1013 | @vindex tool-bar-mode | |
da97a9e6 CY |
1014 | To toggle the use of tool bars, type @kbd{M-x tool-bar-mode}. This |
1015 | command applies to all frames, including frames yet to be created. To | |
1016 | control the use of tool bars at startup, customize the variable | |
1017 | @code{tool-bar-mode}. | |
8cf51b2c | 1018 | |
20fe03ad JD |
1019 | @vindex tool-bar-style |
1020 | @cindex Tool Bar style | |
da97a9e6 CY |
1021 | When Emacs is compiled with GTK+ support, each tool bar item can |
1022 | consist of an image, or a text label, or both. By default, Emacs | |
1023 | follows the Gnome desktop's tool bar style setting; if none is | |
1024 | defined, it displays tool bar items as just images. To impose a | |
1025 | specific tool bar style, customize the variable @code{tool-bar-style}. | |
20fe03ad | 1026 | |
8b2dd508 | 1027 | @cindex Tool Bar position |
da97a9e6 CY |
1028 | You can also control the placement of the tool bar for the GTK+ tool |
1029 | bar with the frame parameter @code{tool-bar-position}. @xref{Frame | |
1030 | Parameters,,, elisp, The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}. | |
8b2dd508 | 1031 | |
8cf51b2c GM |
1032 | @node Dialog Boxes |
1033 | @section Using Dialog Boxes | |
1034 | @cindex dialog boxes | |
1035 | ||
1036 | @vindex use-dialog-box | |
1037 | A dialog box is a special kind of menu for asking you a yes-or-no | |
1038 | question or some other special question. Many Emacs commands use a | |
1039 | dialog box to ask a yes-or-no question, if you used the mouse to | |
c5c040a7 | 1040 | invoke the command that led to the question. |
8cf51b2c | 1041 | |
c5c040a7 CY |
1042 | To disable the use of dialog boxes, change the variable |
1043 | @code{use-dialog-box} to @code{nil}. In that case, Emacs always | |
1044 | performs yes-or-no prompts using the echo area and keyboard input. | |
1045 | This variable also controls whether to use file selection windows (but | |
1046 | those are not supported on all platforms). | |
8cf51b2c GM |
1047 | |
1048 | @vindex use-file-dialog | |
9c5e9396 | 1049 | @cindex file selection dialog, how to disable |
8cf51b2c GM |
1050 | A file selection window is a special kind of dialog box for asking |
1051 | for file names. You can customize the variable @code{use-file-dialog} | |
1052 | to suppress the use of file selection windows, even if you still want | |
1053 | other kinds of dialogs. This variable has no effect if you have | |
1054 | suppressed all dialog boxes with the variable @code{use-dialog-box}. | |
1055 | ||
1056 | @vindex x-gtk-show-hidden-files | |
8cf51b2c | 1057 | @vindex x-gtk-file-dialog-help-text |
9c5e9396 EZ |
1058 | @cindex hidden files, in GTK+ file chooser |
1059 | @cindex help text, in GTK+ file chooser | |
c5c040a7 CY |
1060 | When Emacs is compiled with GTK+ support, it uses the GTK+ ``file |
1061 | chooser'' dialog. Emacs adds an additional toggle button to this | |
1062 | dialog, which you can use to enable or disable the display of hidden | |
1063 | files (files starting with a dot) in that dialog. If you want this | |
1064 | toggle to be activated by default, change the variable | |
1065 | @code{x-gtk-show-hidden-files} to @code{t}. In addition, Emacs adds | |
1066 | help text to the GTK+ file chooser dialog; to disable this help text, | |
1067 | change the variable @code{x-gtk-file-dialog-help-text} to @code{nil}. | |
1068 | ||
8cf51b2c GM |
1069 | @node Tooltips |
1070 | @section Tooltips | |
1071 | @cindex tooltips | |
1072 | ||
b63a8e8e CY |
1073 | @dfn{Tooltips} are small windows that display text information at |
1074 | the current mouse position. They activate when there is a pause in | |
1075 | mouse movement over some significant piece of text in a window, or the | |
1076 | mode line, or some other part of the Emacs frame such as a tool bar | |
1077 | button or menu item. | |
8cf51b2c GM |
1078 | |
1079 | @findex tooltip-mode | |
b63a8e8e CY |
1080 | You can toggle the use of tooltips with the command @kbd{M-x |
1081 | tooltip-mode}. When Tooltip mode is disabled, the help text is | |
1082 | displayed in the echo area instead. To control the use of tooltips at | |
1083 | startup, customize the variable @code{tooltip-mode}. | |
8cf51b2c GM |
1084 | |
1085 | @vindex tooltip-delay | |
1086 | The variables @code{tooltip-delay} specifies how long Emacs should | |
1087 | wait before displaying a tooltip. For additional customization | |
1088 | options for displaying tooltips, use @kbd{M-x customize-group | |
b63a8e8e | 1089 | @key{RET} tooltip @key{RET}}. |
8cf51b2c | 1090 | |
d366bd53 | 1091 | @vindex x-gtk-use-system-tooltips |
da97a9e6 CY |
1092 | If Emacs is built with GTK+ support, it displays tooltips via GTK+, |
1093 | using the default appearance of GTK+ tooltips. To disable this, | |
1094 | change the variable @code{x-gtk-use-system-tooltips} to @code{nil}. | |
b63a8e8e CY |
1095 | If you do this, or if Emacs is built without GTK+ support, most |
1096 | attributes of the tooltip text are specified by the @code{tooltip} | |
1097 | face, and by X resources (@pxref{X Resources}). | |
1098 | ||
1099 | @dfn{GUD tooltips} are special tooltips that show the values of | |
1df7defd | 1100 | variables when debugging a program with GUD@. @xref{Debugger |
b63a8e8e | 1101 | Operation}. |
d366bd53 | 1102 | |
8cf51b2c GM |
1103 | @node Mouse Avoidance |
1104 | @section Mouse Avoidance | |
1105 | @cindex avoiding mouse in the way of your typing | |
1106 | @cindex mouse avoidance | |
1107 | ||
b4a1a8b2 CY |
1108 | On graphical terminals, the mouse pointer may obscure the text in |
1109 | the Emacs frame. Emacs provides two methods to avoid this problem. | |
1110 | ||
1111 | @vindex make-pointer-invisible | |
1112 | Firstly, Emacs hides the mouse pointer each time you type a | |
1113 | self-inserting character, if the pointer lies inside an Emacs frame; | |
1114 | moving the mouse pointer makes it visible again. To disable this | |
1115 | feature, set the variable @code{make-pointer-invisible} to @code{nil}. | |
1116 | ||
8cf51b2c | 1117 | @vindex mouse-avoidance-mode |
b4a1a8b2 CY |
1118 | Secondly, you can use Mouse Avoidance mode, a minor mode, to keep |
1119 | the mouse pointer away from point. To use Mouse Avoidance mode, | |
1120 | customize the variable @code{mouse-avoidance-mode}. You can set this | |
1121 | to various values to move the mouse in several ways: | |
8cf51b2c GM |
1122 | |
1123 | @table @code | |
1124 | @item banish | |
05b621a6 CY |
1125 | Move the pointer to a corner of the frame on any key-press. You can |
1126 | customize the variable @code{mouse-avoidance-banish-position} to | |
1127 | specify where the pointer goes when it is banished. | |
8cf51b2c | 1128 | @item exile |
05b621a6 CY |
1129 | Banish the pointer only if the cursor gets too close, and allow it to |
1130 | return once the cursor is out of the way. | |
8cf51b2c | 1131 | @item jump |
05b621a6 CY |
1132 | If the cursor gets too close to the pointer, displace the pointer by a |
1133 | random distance and direction. | |
8cf51b2c | 1134 | @item animate |
05b621a6 | 1135 | As @code{jump}, but shows steps along the way for illusion of motion. |
8cf51b2c | 1136 | @item cat-and-mouse |
05b621a6 | 1137 | The same as @code{animate}. |
8cf51b2c GM |
1138 | @item proteus |
1139 | As @code{animate}, but changes the shape of the mouse pointer too. | |
1140 | @end table | |
1141 | ||
1142 | @findex mouse-avoidance-mode | |
1143 | You can also use the command @kbd{M-x mouse-avoidance-mode} to enable | |
b4a1a8b2 CY |
1144 | the mode. Whenever Mouse Avoidance mode moves the mouse, it also |
1145 | raises the frame. | |
8cf51b2c GM |
1146 | |
1147 | @node Non-Window Terminals | |
1148 | @section Non-Window Terminals | |
0be641c0 | 1149 | @cindex text terminal |
8cf51b2c | 1150 | |
0be641c0 | 1151 | On a text terminal, Emacs can display only one Emacs frame at a |
8cf51b2c GM |
1152 | time. However, you can still create multiple Emacs frames, and switch |
1153 | between them. Switching frames on these terminals is much like | |
1154 | switching between different window configurations. | |
1155 | ||
1156 | Use @kbd{C-x 5 2} to create a new frame and switch to it; use @kbd{C-x | |
1157 | 5 o} to cycle through the existing frames; use @kbd{C-x 5 0} to delete | |
1158 | the current frame. | |
1159 | ||
1160 | Each frame has a number to distinguish it. If your terminal can | |
1161 | display only one frame at a time, the selected frame's number @var{n} | |
1162 | appears near the beginning of the mode line, in the form | |
1163 | @samp{F@var{n}}. | |
1164 | ||
1165 | @findex set-frame-name | |
1166 | @findex select-frame-by-name | |
1167 | @samp{F@var{n}} is in fact the frame's initial name. You can give | |
1168 | frames more meaningful names if you wish, and you can select a frame | |
1169 | by its name. Use the command @kbd{M-x set-frame-name @key{RET} | |
1170 | @var{name} @key{RET}} to specify a new name for the selected frame, | |
1171 | and use @kbd{M-x select-frame-by-name @key{RET} @var{name} @key{RET}} | |
1172 | to select a frame according to its name. The name you specify appears | |
1173 | in the mode line when the frame is selected. | |
1174 | ||
1175 | @node Text-Only Mouse | |
0be641c0 | 1176 | @section Using a Mouse in Text Terminals |
8cf51b2c GM |
1177 | @cindex mouse support |
1178 | @cindex terminal emulators, mouse support | |
1179 | ||
0be641c0 | 1180 | Some text terminals support mouse clicks in the terminal window. |
8cf51b2c GM |
1181 | |
1182 | @cindex xterm | |
b63a8e8e CY |
1183 | In a terminal emulator which is compatible with @command{xterm}, you |
1184 | can use @kbd{M-x xterm-mouse-mode} to give Emacs control over simple | |
1185 | uses of the mouse---basically, only non-modified single clicks are | |
1186 | supported. The normal @command{xterm} mouse functionality for such | |
8cf51b2c GM |
1187 | clicks is still available by holding down the @kbd{SHIFT} key when you |
1188 | press the mouse button. Xterm Mouse mode is a global minor mode | |
1189 | (@pxref{Minor Modes}). Repeating the command turns the mode off | |
1190 | again. | |
1191 | ||
bc36ad1c | 1192 | @findex gpm-mouse-mode |
b63a8e8e CY |
1193 | In the console on GNU/Linux, you can use @kbd{M-x gpm-mouse-mode} to |
1194 | enable mouse support. You must have the gpm server installed and | |
1195 | running on your system in order for this to work. | |
1196 | ||
1197 | @iftex | |
430e2ae6 | 1198 | @xref{MS-DOS Mouse,,,emacs-xtra,Specialized Emacs Features}, |
b63a8e8e CY |
1199 | @end iftex |
1200 | @ifnottex | |
430e2ae6 | 1201 | @xref{MS-DOS Mouse}, |
b63a8e8e CY |
1202 | @end ifnottex |
1203 | for information about mouse support on MS-DOS. |