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1 | ;;; ipa-praat.el --- Inputting IPA characters with the conventions of Praat |
2 | ||
ab422c4d | 3 | ;; Copyright (C) 2011-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
9fbfd275 OS |
4 | |
5 | ;; Author: Oliver Scholz <epameinondas@gmx.de> | |
6 | ;; Keywords: multilingual, input method, IPA | |
7 | ||
8 | ;; This file is part of GNU Emacs. | |
9 | ||
10 | ;; GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify | |
11 | ;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by | |
12 | ;; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or | |
13 | ;; (at your option) any later version. | |
14 | ||
15 | ;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, | |
16 | ;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of | |
17 | ;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the | |
18 | ;; GNU General Public License for more details. | |
19 | ||
20 | ;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License | |
21 | ;; along with GNU Emacs. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. | |
22 | ||
23 | ;;; Commentary: | |
24 | ||
25 | ;; This is a new input method for IPA characters and diacritics, which follows | |
26 | ;; the conventions of Praat, a GPLed program for phonetical analysis. | |
27 | ;; | |
28 | ;; This input method is much more complete than the current ipa.el. | |
29 | ||
30 | ;;; Code: | |
31 | ||
32 | (require 'quail) | |
33 | ||
34 | (quail-define-package | |
35 | "ipa-praat" "IPA" "IPAP" t | |
36 | "International Phonetic Alphabet input method. | |
37 | This follows the input method of the phonetical analysis program | |
38 | Praat (http://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/praat/). | |
39 | ||
40 | ||
41 | * Vowels | |
42 | ||
43 | - Unrounded | |
44 | | front | centr. | back | |
45 | -------------+-------+--------+------ | |
46 | close | i i | ɨ \\i- | ɯ \\mt | |
47 | close centr. | ɪ \\ic | | | |
48 | close-mid | e e | ɘ \\e- | ɤ \\rh | |
49 | | | ə \\sw | | |
50 | open-mid | ɛ \\ef | ɜ \\er | ʌ \\vt | |
51 | | æ \\ae | ɐ \\at | | |
52 | open | a a | | ɑ \\as | |
53 | ||
54 | ||
55 | ||
56 | - Rounded | |
57 | | front | centr. | back | |
58 | -------------+-------+--------+------- | |
59 | close | y y | ʉ \\u- | u u | |
60 | close centr. | ʏ \\yc | | ʊ \\hs | |
61 | close-mid | ø \\o/ | ɵ \\o- | o o | |
62 | open-mid | œ \\oe | ɞ \\kb | ɔ \\ct | |
63 | open | ɶ \\Oe | | ɒ \\ab | |
64 | ||
65 | ||
66 | ||
67 | For most of the codes, the first letter tells you the most | |
68 | similar letter of the English alphabet. The second letter can be | |
69 | t (turned), c (capital), s (script), r (reversed), - (barred or | |
70 | retracted), or / (slashed). One symbol (ɛ) is a phonetic version | |
71 | of a Greek letter. The codes for ə, ɤ, ʊ and ɞ are abbreviations | |
72 | for schwa, ram's horn, horseshoe, and kidney bean. | |
73 | ||
74 | ||
75 | * Consonants | |
76 | ||
77 | - Pulmonic | |
78 | ||
79 | | plos. | nasal | fric. | approx. | trill | tap/flap | l. appr. | |
80 | -----------+-------+-------+-------+---------+-------+----------+--------- | |
81 | bilabial | p p | m m | ɸ \\ff | | | | | |
82 | | b b | | β \\bf | ʋ \\vs | ʙ \\bc | | | |
83 | labiodent. | | ɱ \\mj | f f | | | | | |
84 | | | | v v | | | | | |
85 | dental | | | θ \\tf | | | | | |
86 | | | | ð \\dh | | | | | |
87 | alveolar | t t | n n | s s | | | ɾ \\fh | | |
88 | | d d | | z z | ɹ \\rt | r r | | l l | |
89 | alv. lat. | | | ɬ \\l- | | | ɺ \\rl | | |
90 | | | | ɮ \\lz | l l | | | l l | |
91 | postalv. | | | ʃ \\sh | | | | | |
92 | | | | ʒ \\zh | | | | | |
93 | retroflex | ʈ \\t. | ɳ \\n. | ʂ \\s. | | | ɽ \\f. | | |
94 | | ɖ \\d. | | ʐ \\z. | ɻ \\r. | | | ɭ \\l. | |
95 | alv.-pala. | | | ɕ \\cc | | | | | |
96 | | | | ʑ \\zc | | | | | |
97 | palatal | c c | ɲ \\nj | ç \\c, | | | | | |
98 | | ɟ \\j. | | ʝ \\jc | j j | | | ʎ \\yt | |
99 | lab-pal. | | | | | | | | |
100 | | | | | ɥ \\ht | | | | |
101 | lab.-vela. | | | ʍ \\wt | | | | | |
102 | | | | | w w | | | | |
103 | velar | k k | ŋ \\ng | x x | | | | ʟ \\lc | |
104 | | ɡ \\gs | | ɣ \\gf | ɰ \\ml | | | | |
105 | uvular | q q | ɴ \\nc | χ \\cf | | | | | |
106 | | ɢ \\gc | | ʁ \\ri | | ʀ \\rc | | | |
107 | pharyngeal | | | ħ \\h- | | | | | |
108 | | | | ʕ \\9e | | | | | |
109 | epiglottal | ʡ \\?- | | ʜ \\hc | | | | | |
110 | | | | ʢ \\9- | | | | | |
111 | glottal | ʔ | | h h | | | | | |
112 | | | | ɦ \\h^ | | | | | |
113 | ||
114 | - Nonpulmonic | |
115 | ||
116 | | implosive | click | |
117 | ----------+-----------+------ | |
118 | bilabial | ɓ \\b^ | ʘ \\O. | |
119 | dental | | ǀ \\|1 | |
120 | alveolar | ɗ \\d^ | | |
121 | alv.-lat. | | ǁ \\|2 | |
122 | postalv. | | ǂ \\|- | |
123 | retrofl. | | ! ! | |
124 | palatal | ʄ \\j^ | | |
125 | velar | ɠ \\g^ | | |
126 | uvular | ʛ \\G^ | | |
127 | ||
128 | For most of the codes, the first letter tells you the most | |
129 | similar letter of the English alphabet. The second letter can be | |
130 | t (turned), c (capital or curled), s (script), - (barred), | |
131 | l (with leg), i (inverted), or j (left tail). Some phonetic | |
132 | symbols are similar to Greek letters but have special | |
133 | phonetic (f) versions with serifs (ɸ, β, ɣ) or are otherwise | |
134 | slightly different (θ, χ). The codes for ŋ (engma), ð (eth), | |
135 | ʃ (esh), and ʒ (yogh) are traditional alternative spellings. The | |
136 | retroflexes have a period in the second place, because an | |
137 | alternative traditional spelling is to write a dot under | |
138 | them. The code for ɾ is an abbreviation for fishhook. | |
139 | ||
140 | ||
141 | * Diacritics | |
142 | ||
143 | - In line | |
144 | ||
145 | input | example | description | |
146 | ------+---------+--------------------- | |
147 | \\:f | ː | phonetic length sign | |
148 | \\'1 | ˈ | primary stress | |
149 | \\'2 | ˌ | secondary stress | |
150 | \\cn | t̚ | unreleased plosive | |
151 | \\rh | ɜ˞ | rhotacized vowel | |
152 | ||
153 | - Understrikes | |
154 | ||
155 | input | example | description | |
156 | ------+---------+-------------------------------- | |
157 | \\|v | n̩ | syllabic consonant | |
158 | \\0v | b̥ | voiceless | |
159 | \\Tv | o̞ | lowered | |
160 | \\T^ | o̝ | raised | |
161 | \\T( | o̘ | advanced tongue root | |
162 | \\T) | o̙ | retracted tongue root | |
163 | \\-v | e̱ | backed | |
164 | \\+v | o̟ | fronted | |
165 | \\:v | o̤ | breathy voice | |
166 | \\~v | o̰ | creaky voice | |
167 | \\Nv | d̪ | dental (as opposed to alveolar) | |
168 | \\Uv | d̺ | apical | |
169 | \\Dv | d̻ | laminal | |
170 | \\nv | u̯ | nonsyllabic | |
171 | \\e3v | e̹ | slightly rounded | |
172 | \\cv | u̜ | slightly unrounded | |
173 | ||
174 | - Overstrikes | |
175 | ||
176 | input | example | description | |
177 | ------+---------+-------------------------------------------- | |
178 | \\0^ | ɣ̊ | voiceless | |
179 | \\'^ | | high tone | |
180 | \\`^ | | low tone | |
181 | \\-^ | | mid tone | |
182 | \\~^ | | nasalized | |
183 | \\v^ | | rising tone | |
184 | \\^^ | | falling tone | |
185 | \\:^ | | centralized | |
186 | \\N^ | | short | |
187 | \\li | k͡p | simultaneous articulation or single segment | |
188 | " | |
189 | nil t nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil t) | |
190 | ||
191 | (quail-define-rules | |
192 | ;; plosives | |
193 | ("\\t." ?ʈ) ; retroflex | |
194 | ("\\d." ?ɖ) ; voiced retroflex | |
195 | ("\\j-" ?ɟ) ; voiced palatal | |
196 | ("\\gs" ?ɡ) ; voiced velar | |
197 | ("\\gc" ?ɢ) ; voiced uvular | |
198 | ("\\?-" ?ʡ) ; epiglottal | |
199 | ("\\?g" ?ʔ) ; glottal | |
200 | ||
201 | ;; nasals | |
202 | ("\\mj" ?ɱ) ; labiodental | |
203 | ("\\n." ?ɳ) ; retroflex | |
204 | ("\\nj" ?ɲ) ; palatal | |
205 | ("\\ng" ?ŋ) ; velar | |
206 | ("\\nc" ?ɴ) ; uvular | |
207 | ||
208 | ;; fricatives | |
209 | ("\\ff" ?ɸ) ; bilabial | |
210 | ("\\bf" ?β) ; voiced bilabial | |
211 | ("\\tf" ?θ) ; labiodental | |
212 | ("\\dh" ?ð) ; voiced labiodental | |
213 | ("\\sh" ?ʃ) ; postalveolar | |
214 | ("\\l-" ?ɬ) ; alv. lateral | |
215 | ("\\lz" ?ɮ) ; voiced alv. lateral | |
216 | ("\\zh" ?ʒ) ; voiced postalveolar | |
217 | ("\\s." ?ʂ) ; retroflex | |
218 | ("\\z." ?ʐ) ; voiced retroflex | |
219 | ("\\cc" ?ɕ) ; alveolo-palatal | |
220 | ("\\zc" ?ʑ) ; voiced alveolo-palatal | |
221 | ("\\c," ?ç) ; palatal | |
222 | ("\\jc" ?ʝ) ; voiced palatal | |
223 | ("\\wt" ?ʍ) ; labial-velar | |
224 | ("\\gf" ?ɣ) ; voiced velar | |
225 | ("\\cf" ?χ) ; uvular | |
226 | ("\\ri" ?ʁ) ; voiced uvular | |
227 | ("\\h-" ?ħ) ; pharyngeal | |
228 | ("\\9e" ?ʕ) ; voiced pharyngeal | |
229 | ("\\hc" ?ʜ) ; epiglottal | |
230 | ("\\9-" ?ʢ) ; voiced epiglottal | |
231 | ("\\h^" ?ɦ) ; voiced glottal | |
232 | ||
233 | ;; approximants | |
234 | ("\\vs" ?ʋ) ; labiodental | |
235 | ("\\rt" ?ɹ) ; alveolar | |
236 | ("\\r." ?ɻ) ; retroflex | |
237 | ("\\ht" ?ɥ) ; labial-palatal | |
238 | ("\\ml" ?ɰ) ; velar | |
239 | ||
240 | ;; trills | |
241 | ("\\bc" ?ʙ) ; bilabial | |
242 | ("\\rc" ?ʀ) ; uvular | |
243 | ||
244 | ;; taps or flaps | |
245 | ; ⱱ -- labiodental | |
246 | ("\\fh" ?ɾ) ; alveolar | |
247 | ("\\rl" ?ɺ) ; alv.-lateral | |
248 | ("\\f." ?ɽ) ; retroflex | |
249 | ||
250 | ;; lateral approx. | |
251 | ("\\l." ?ɭ) ; retroflex | |
252 | ("\\yt" ?ʎ) ; palatal | |
253 | ("\\lc" ?ʟ) ; velar | |
254 | ||
255 | ;; implosives | |
256 | ("\\b^" ?ɓ) ; bilabial | |
257 | ("\\d^" ?ɗ) ; alveolar | |
258 | ("\\j^" ?ʄ) ; palatal | |
259 | ("\\g^" ?ɠ) ; velar | |
260 | ("\\G^" ?ʛ) ; uvular | |
261 | ||
262 | ;; clicks | |
263 | ("\\O." ?ʘ) ; bilabial | |
264 | ("\\|1" ?ǀ) ; dental | |
265 | ("\\|2" ?ǁ) ; alv. lateral | |
266 | ("\\|-" ?ǂ) ; postalveolar | |
267 | ||
268 | ;; other | |
269 | ("\\l~" ?ɫ) ; velarized l | |
270 | ("\\hj" ?ɧ) ; post-alveolar & velar fricative | |
271 | ||
272 | ;; vowels | |
273 | ("\\i-" ?ɨ) | |
274 | ("\\u-" ?ʉ) | |
275 | ||
276 | ("\\mt" ?ɯ) | |
277 | ||
278 | ("\\ic" ?ɪ) | |
279 | ("\\yc" ?ʏ) | |
280 | ||
281 | ("\\hs" ?ʊ) | |
282 | ||
283 | ("\\o/" ?ø) | |
284 | ("\\e-" ?ɘ) | |
285 | ("\\o-" ?ɵ) | |
286 | ("\\rh" ?ɤ) | |
287 | ||
288 | ("\\sw" ?ə) | |
289 | ||
290 | ("\\ef" ?ɛ) | |
291 | ("\\oe" ?œ) | |
292 | ("\\er" ?ɜ) | |
293 | ("\\kb" ?ɞ) | |
294 | ("\\vt" ?ʌ) | |
295 | ("\\ct" ?ɔ) | |
296 | ||
297 | ("\\ae" ?æ) | |
298 | ("\\at" ?ɐ) | |
299 | ||
300 | ("\\Oe" ?ɶ) | |
301 | ("\\as" ?ɑ) | |
302 | ("\\ab" ?ɒ) | |
303 | ||
304 | ("\\sr" ?ɚ) | |
305 | ||
306 | ;; diacritics | |
307 | ("\\:f" ?ː) ; phonetic length sign | |
308 | ("\\'1" ?ˈ) ; primary stress | |
309 | ("\\'2" ?ˌ) ; secondary stress | |
310 | ("\\cn" #x031A) ; t̚ unreleased plosive | |
311 | ("\\rh" #x02DE) ; ɜ˞ rhotacized vowel | |
312 | ||
313 | ("\\|v" #x0329) ; n̩ syllabic consonant | |
314 | ("\\0v" #x0325) ; b̥ voiceless | |
315 | ("\\Tv" #x031E) ; o̞ lowered | |
316 | ("\\T^" #x031D ) ; o̝ raised | |
317 | ("\\T(" #x0318) ; o̘ advanced tongue root | |
318 | ("\\T)" #x0319) ; o̙ retracted tongue root | |
319 | ("\\-v" #x0331) ; e̱ backed | |
320 | ("\\+v" #x031F) ; o̟ fronted | |
321 | ("\\:v" #x0324) ; o̤ breathy voice | |
322 | ("\\~v" #x0330) ; o̰ creaky voice | |
323 | ("\\Nv" #x032A) ; d̪ dental (as opposed to alveolar) | |
324 | ("\\Uv" #x033A) ; d̺ apical | |
325 | ("\\Dv" #x033B) ; d̻ laminal | |
326 | ("\\nv" #x032F) ; u̯ nonsyllabic | |
327 | ("\\e3v" #x0339) ; e̹ slightly rounded | |
328 | ("\\cv" #x031C) ; u̜ slightly unrounded | |
329 | ||
330 | ("\\0^" #x030A) ; ɣ̊ voiceless | |
331 | ("\\'^" #x0301) ; high tone | |
332 | ("\\`^" #x0300) ; low tone | |
333 | ("\\-^" #x0304) ; mid tone | |
334 | ("\\~^" #x0303) ; nasalized | |
335 | ("\\v^" #x030C) ; rising tone | |
336 | ("\\^^" #x0302) ; falling tone | |
337 | ("\\:^" #x0308) ; centralized | |
338 | ("\\N^" #x0306) ; short | |
339 | ("\\li" #x0361) ; k͡p simultaneous articulation or single segment | |
340 | ) | |
341 | ||
342 | ;; Local Variables: | |
343 | ;; coding: utf-8 | |
344 | ;; End: | |
345 | ||
346 | ;;; ipa-praat.el ends here |