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1 | @c -*-texinfo-*- |
2 | @setfilename ../info/gpl | |
3 | ||
e23a63a5 | 4 | @node GPL, Tips, GNU Free Documentation License, Top |
2e3a2ea0 | 5 | @comment node-name, next, previous, up |
9695b783 | 6 | @appendix GNU General Public License |
2e3a2ea0 GM |
7 | @center Version 2, June 1991 |
8 | ||
9 | @display | |
10 | Copyright @copyright{} 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
11 | 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111, USA | |
12 | ||
13 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies | |
14 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. | |
15 | @end display | |
16 | ||
17 | @unnumberedsec Preamble | |
18 | ||
19 | The licenses for most software are designed to take away your | |
20 | freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public | |
21 | License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free | |
22 | software---to make sure the software is free for all its users. This | |
23 | General Public License applies to most of the Free Software | |
24 | Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to | |
25 | using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by | |
26 | the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to | |
27 | your programs, too. | |
28 | ||
29 | When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not | |
30 | price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you | |
31 | have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for | |
32 | this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it | |
33 | if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it | |
34 | in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things. | |
35 | ||
36 | To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid | |
37 | anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. | |
38 | These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you | |
39 | distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it. | |
40 | ||
41 | For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether | |
42 | gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that | |
43 | you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the | |
44 | source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their | |
45 | rights. | |
46 | ||
47 | We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and | |
48 | (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, | |
49 | distribute and/or modify the software. | |
50 | ||
51 | Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain | |
52 | that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free | |
53 | software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we | |
54 | want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so | |
55 | that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original | |
56 | authors' reputations. | |
57 | ||
58 | Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software | |
59 | patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free | |
60 | program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the | |
61 | program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any | |
62 | patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all. | |
63 | ||
64 | The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and | |
65 | modification follow. | |
66 | ||
67 | @iftex | |
9695b783 | 68 | @unnumberedsec Terms and Conditions for Copying, Distribution and Modification |
2e3a2ea0 GM |
69 | @end iftex |
70 | @ifinfo | |
71 | @center TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION | |
72 | @end ifinfo | |
73 | ||
74 | @enumerate 0 | |
75 | @item | |
76 | This License applies to any program or other work which contains | |
77 | a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed | |
78 | under the terms of this General Public License. The ``Program'', below, | |
79 | refers to any such program or work, and a ``work based on the Program'' | |
80 | means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: | |
81 | that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, | |
82 | either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another | |
83 | language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in | |
84 | the term ``modification''.) Each licensee is addressed as ``you''. | |
85 | ||
86 | Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not | |
87 | covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of | |
88 | running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program | |
89 | is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the | |
90 | Program (independent of having been made by running the Program). | |
91 | Whether that is true depends on what the Program does. | |
92 | ||
93 | @item | |
94 | You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's | |
95 | source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you | |
96 | conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate | |
97 | copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the | |
98 | notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; | |
99 | and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License | |
100 | along with the Program. | |
101 | ||
102 | You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and | |
103 | you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee. | |
104 | ||
105 | @item | |
106 | You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion | |
107 | of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and | |
108 | distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 | |
109 | above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions: | |
110 | ||
111 | @enumerate a | |
112 | @item | |
113 | You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices | |
114 | stating that you changed the files and the date of any change. | |
115 | ||
116 | @item | |
117 | You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in | |
118 | whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any | |
119 | part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third | |
120 | parties under the terms of this License. | |
121 | ||
122 | @item | |
123 | If the modified program normally reads commands interactively | |
124 | when run, you must cause it, when started running for such | |
125 | interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an | |
126 | announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a | |
127 | notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide | |
128 | a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under | |
129 | these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this | |
130 | License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but | |
131 | does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on | |
132 | the Program is not required to print an announcement.) | |
133 | @end enumerate | |
134 | ||
135 | These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If | |
136 | identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, | |
137 | and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in | |
138 | themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those | |
139 | sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you | |
140 | distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based | |
141 | on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of | |
142 | this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the | |
143 | entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it. | |
144 | ||
145 | Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest | |
146 | your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to | |
147 | exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or | |
148 | collective works based on the Program. | |
149 | ||
150 | In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program | |
151 | with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of | |
152 | a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under | |
153 | the scope of this License. | |
154 | ||
155 | @item | |
156 | You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, | |
157 | under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of | |
158 | Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following: | |
159 | ||
160 | @enumerate a | |
161 | @item | |
162 | Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable | |
163 | source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections | |
164 | 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, | |
165 | ||
166 | @item | |
167 | Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three | |
168 | years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your | |
169 | cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete | |
170 | machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be | |
171 | distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium | |
172 | customarily used for software interchange; or, | |
173 | ||
174 | @item | |
175 | Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer | |
176 | to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is | |
177 | allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you | |
178 | received the program in object code or executable form with such | |
179 | an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.) | |
180 | @end enumerate | |
181 | ||
182 | The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for | |
183 | making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source | |
184 | code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any | |
185 | associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to | |
186 | control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a | |
187 | special exception, the source code distributed need not include | |
188 | anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary | |
189 | form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the | |
190 | operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component | |
191 | itself accompanies the executable. | |
192 | ||
193 | If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering | |
194 | access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent | |
195 | access to copy the source code from the same place counts as | |
196 | distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not | |
197 | compelled to copy the source along with the object code. | |
198 | ||
199 | @item | |
200 | You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program | |
201 | except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt | |
202 | otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is | |
203 | void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. | |
204 | However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under | |
205 | this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such | |
206 | parties remain in full compliance. | |
207 | ||
208 | @item | |
209 | You are not required to accept this License, since you have not | |
210 | signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or | |
211 | distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are | |
212 | prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by | |
213 | modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the | |
214 | Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and | |
215 | all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying | |
216 | the Program or works based on it. | |
217 | ||
218 | @item | |
219 | Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the | |
220 | Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the | |
221 | original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to | |
222 | these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further | |
223 | restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. | |
224 | You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to | |
225 | this License. | |
226 | ||
227 | @item | |
228 | If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent | |
229 | infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), | |
230 | conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or | |
231 | otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not | |
232 | excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot | |
233 | distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this | |
234 | License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you | |
235 | may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent | |
236 | license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by | |
237 | all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then | |
238 | the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to | |
239 | refrain entirely from distribution of the Program. | |
240 | ||
241 | If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under | |
242 | any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to | |
243 | apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other | |
244 | circumstances. | |
245 | ||
246 | It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any | |
247 | patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any | |
248 | such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the | |
249 | integrity of the free software distribution system, which is | |
250 | implemented by public license practices. Many people have made | |
251 | generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed | |
252 | through that system in reliance on consistent application of that | |
253 | system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing | |
254 | to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot | |
255 | impose that choice. | |
256 | ||
257 | This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to | |
258 | be a consequence of the rest of this License. | |
259 | ||
260 | @item | |
261 | If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in | |
262 | certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the | |
263 | original copyright holder who places the Program under this License | |
264 | may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding | |
265 | those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among | |
266 | countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates | |
267 | the limitation as if written in the body of this License. | |
268 | ||
269 | @item | |
270 | The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions | |
271 | of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will | |
272 | be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to | |
273 | address new problems or concerns. | |
274 | ||
275 | Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program | |
276 | specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and ``any | |
277 | later version'', you have the option of following the terms and conditions | |
278 | either of that version or of any later version published by the Free | |
279 | Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of | |
280 | this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software | |
281 | Foundation. | |
282 | ||
283 | @item | |
284 | If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free | |
285 | programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author | |
286 | to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free | |
287 | Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes | |
288 | make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals | |
289 | of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and | |
290 | of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally. | |
291 | ||
292 | @iftex | |
293 | @heading NO WARRANTY | |
294 | @end iftex | |
295 | @ifinfo | |
296 | @center NO WARRANTY | |
297 | @end ifinfo | |
298 | ||
299 | @item | |
300 | BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY | |
301 | FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW@. EXCEPT WHEN | |
302 | OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES | |
303 | PROVIDE THE PROGRAM ``AS IS'' WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED | |
304 | OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF | |
305 | MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE@. THE ENTIRE RISK AS | |
306 | TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU@. SHOULD THE | |
307 | PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, | |
308 | REPAIR OR CORRECTION. | |
309 | ||
310 | @item | |
311 | IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING | |
312 | WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR | |
313 | REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, | |
314 | INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING | |
315 | OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED | |
316 | TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY | |
317 | YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER | |
318 | PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE | |
319 | POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. | |
320 | @end enumerate | |
321 | ||
322 | @iftex | |
323 | @heading END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS | |
324 | @end iftex | |
325 | @ifinfo | |
326 | @center END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS | |
327 | @end ifinfo | |
328 | ||
329 | @page | |
330 | @unnumberedsec How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs | |
331 | ||
332 | If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest | |
333 | possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it | |
334 | free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. | |
335 | ||
336 | To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest | |
337 | to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively | |
338 | convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least | |
339 | the ``copyright'' line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. | |
340 | ||
341 | @smallexample | |
342 | @var{one line to give the program's name and an idea of what it does.} | |
343 | Copyright (C) @var{year} @var{name of author} | |
344 | ||
345 | This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or | |
346 | modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License | |
347 | as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 | |
348 | of the License, or (at your option) any later version. | |
349 | ||
350 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, | |
351 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of | |
352 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE@. See the | |
353 | GNU General Public License for more details. | |
354 | ||
355 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License | |
356 | along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software | |
357 | Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111, USA. | |
358 | @end smallexample | |
359 | ||
360 | Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. | |
361 | ||
362 | If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this | |
363 | when it starts in an interactive mode: | |
364 | ||
365 | @smallexample | |
366 | Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) @var{year} @var{name of author} | |
367 | Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details | |
368 | type `show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome | |
369 | to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c' | |
370 | for details. | |
371 | @end smallexample | |
372 | ||
373 | The hypothetical commands @samp{show w} and @samp{show c} should show | |
374 | the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the | |
375 | commands you use may be called something other than @samp{show w} and | |
376 | @samp{show c}; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items---whatever | |
377 | suits your program. | |
378 | ||
379 | You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your | |
380 | school, if any, to sign a ``copyright disclaimer'' for the program, if | |
381 | necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: | |
382 | ||
383 | @smallexample | |
384 | @group | |
385 | Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright | |
386 | interest in the program `Gnomovision' | |
387 | (which makes passes at compilers) written | |
388 | by James Hacker. | |
389 | ||
390 | @var{signature of Ty Coon}, 1 April 1989 | |
391 | Ty Coon, President of Vice | |
392 | @end group | |
393 | @end smallexample | |
394 | ||
395 | This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into | |
396 | proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may | |
397 | consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the | |
398 | library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General | |
399 | Public License instead of this License. | |
400 |