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a0e671c7 | 1 | GNU Emacs Installation Guide |
4e6835db | 2 | Copyright (C) 1992, 1994, 1996, 1997, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, |
05a82329 | 3 | 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
7f6d64f8 | 4 | See the end of the file for license conditions. |
a0e671c7 | 5 | |
a0e671c7 | 6 | |
c8f55af5 | 7 | This file contains general information. For more specific information |
b73f809c | 8 | for the Windows, GNUstep/Mac OS X, and MS-DOS ports, also see the files |
05a82329 GM |
9 | nt/INSTALL nextstep/INSTALL, and msdos/INSTALL. For information |
10 | specific to building from a CVS checkout (rather than a release), see | |
11 | the file INSTALL.CVS. | |
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12 | |
13 | ||
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14 | BASIC INSTALLATION |
15 | ||
16 | The simplest way to build Emacs is to use the `configure' shell script | |
17 | which attempts to guess correct values for various system-dependent | |
18 | variables and features and find the directories where various system | |
19 | headers and libraries are kept. It then creates a `Makefile' in each | |
20 | subdirectory and a `config.h' file containing system-dependent | |
69e5e747 | 21 | definitions. Running the `make' utility then builds the package for |
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22 | your system. |
23 | ||
24 | Here's the procedure to build Emacs using `configure' on systems which | |
25 | are supported by it. If this simplified procedure fails, or if you | |
69e5e747 | 26 | are using a platform such as MS-Windows, where `configure' script |
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27 | doesn't work, you might need to use various non-default options, and |
28 | maybe perform some of the steps manually. The more detailed | |
29 | description in the rest of the sections of this guide will help you do | |
30 | that, so please refer to them if the simple procedure does not work. | |
31 | ||
077bea6c | 32 | 1. Make sure your system has at least 120 MB of free disk space. |
071fcb2c | 33 | |
077bea6c | 34 | 2a. `cd' to the directory where you unpacked Emacs and invoke the |
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35 | `configure' script: |
36 | ||
37 | ./configure | |
38 | ||
077bea6c | 39 | 2b. Alternatively, create a separate directory, outside the source |
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40 | directory, where you want to build Emacs, and invoke `configure' |
41 | from there: | |
42 | ||
43 | SOURCE-DIR/configure | |
44 | ||
4e98f5a6 DL |
45 | where SOURCE-DIR is the top-level Emacs source directory. This |
46 | may not work unless you use GNU make. | |
071fcb2c | 47 | |
077bea6c | 48 | 3. When `configure' finishes, it prints several lines of details |
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49 | about the system configuration. Read those details carefully |
50 | looking for anything suspicious, such as wrong CPU and operating | |
51 | system names, wrong places for headers or libraries, missing | |
52 | libraries that you know are installed on your system, etc. | |
53 | ||
54 | If you find anything wrong, you will have to pass to `configure' | |
55 | explicit machine configuration name, and one or more options | |
56 | which tell it where to find various headers and libraries; refer | |
57 | to DETAILED BUILDING AND INSTALLATION section below. | |
58 | ||
59 | If `configure' didn't find some image support libraries, such as | |
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60 | Xpm, jpeg, etc., and you want to use them refer to the subsection |
61 | "Image support libraries", below. | |
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62 | |
63 | If the details printed by `configure' don't make any sense to | |
64 | you, assume that `configure' did its job and proceed. | |
65 | ||
077bea6c | 66 | 4. If you need to run the `configure' script more than once (e.g., |
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67 | with some non-default options), always clean the source |
68 | directories before running `configure' again: | |
69 | ||
177c0ea7 | 70 | make distclean |
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71 | ./configure |
72 | ||
077bea6c | 73 | 5. Invoke the `make' program: |
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74 | |
75 | make | |
76 | ||
077bea6c | 77 | 6. If `make' succeeds, it will build an executable program `emacs' |
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78 | in the `src' directory. You can try this program, to make sure |
79 | it works: | |
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80 | |
81 | src/emacs -q | |
82 | ||
077bea6c | 83 | 7. Assuming that the program `src/emacs' starts and displays its |
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84 | opening screen, you can install the program and its auxiliary |
85 | files into their installation directories: | |
86 | ||
87 | make install | |
88 | ||
89 | You are now ready to use Emacs. If you wish to conserve disk space, | |
90 | you may remove the program binaries and object files from the | |
91 | directory where you built Emacs: | |
92 | ||
93 | make clean | |
94 | ||
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95 | You can also save some space by compressing (with `gzip') Info files |
96 | and installed Lisp source (.el) files which have corresponding .elc | |
97 | versions. | |
98 | ||
a0e671c7 | 99 | |
85da25e9 RS |
100 | ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION FILES |
101 | ||
85da25e9 RS |
102 | * intlfonts-VERSION.tar.gz |
103 | ||
e4dd707c DL |
104 | The intlfonts distribution contains X11 fonts in various encodings |
105 | that Emacs can use to display international characters. If you see a | |
106 | non-ASCII character appear as a hollow box, that means you don't have | |
107 | a font for it. You might find one in the intlfonts distribution. If | |
108 | you do have a font for a non-ASCII character, but some characters | |
109 | don't look right, or appear improperly aligned, a font from the | |
110 | intlfonts distribution might look better. | |
887af595 | 111 | |
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112 | The fonts in the intlfonts distribution are also used by the ps-print |
113 | package for printing international characters. The file | |
071fcb2c | 114 | lisp/ps-mule.el defines the *.bdf font files required for printing |
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115 | each character set. |
116 | ||
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117 | The intlfonts distribution contains its own installation instructions, |
118 | in the intlfonts/README file. | |
85da25e9 | 119 | |
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120 | * Image support libraries |
121 | ||
122 | Emacs needs optional libraries to be able to display images (with the | |
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123 | exception of PBM and XBM images whose support is built-in). |
124 | ||
125 | On some systems, particularly on GNU/Linux, these libraries may | |
d38796cb | 126 | already be present or available as additional packages. Note that if |
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127 | there is a separate `dev' or `devel' package, for use at compilation |
128 | time rather than run time, you will need that as well as the | |
129 | corresponding run time package; typically the dev package will | |
130 | contain header files and a library archive. Otherwise, you can | |
131 | download and build libraries from sources. None of them are vital for | |
132 | running Emacs; however, note that Emacs will not be able to use | |
133 | colored icons in the toolbar if XPM support is not compiled in. | |
9792d8ac | 134 | |
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135 | Here's the list of these optional libraries, and the URLs where they |
136 | can be found: | |
45e680a8 | 137 | |
177c0ea7 | 138 | . libXaw3d for fancy 3D-style |
071fcb2c | 139 | scroll bars: ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/widgets/Xaw3d/ |
45e680a8 | 140 | . libxpm for XPM: ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/libraries/ |
177c0ea7 | 141 | Get version 3.4k or later, which lets Emacs |
0c9d62f6 | 142 | use its own color allocation functions. |
1ab1d7c4 R |
143 | . libpng for PNG: ftp://ftp.simplesystems.org/pub/libpng/png/ |
144 | . libz (for PNG): http://www.zlib.net/ | |
45e680a8 | 145 | . libjpeg for JPEG: ftp://ftp.uu.net/graphics/jpeg/ |
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146 | Get version 6b -- 6a is reported to fail in |
147 | Emacs. | |
45e680a8 | 148 | . libtiff for TIFF: http://www.libtiff.org/ |
5e0699b4 | 149 | . libgif for GIF: http://sourceforge.net/projects/giflib/ |
ec6bd013 | 150 | |
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151 | Emacs will configure itself to build with these libraries if the |
152 | `configure' script finds them on your system, unless you supply the | |
153 | appropriate --without-LIB option. In some cases, older versions of | |
154 | these libraries won't work because some routines are missing, and | |
155 | configure should avoid such old versions. If that happens, use the | |
156 | --without-LIB options to `configure'. See below for more details. | |
45e680a8 | 157 | |
76b071b1 KH |
158 | * Complex Text Layout support libraries |
159 | ||
160 | Emacs needs the optional libraries "m17n-db", "libm17n-flt", "libotf" | |
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161 | to correctly display such complex scripts as Indic and Khmer. |
162 | On some systems, particularly GNU/Linux, these libraries may be | |
163 | already present or available as additional packages. Note that if | |
164 | there is a separate `dev' or `devel' package, for use at compilation | |
165 | time rather than run time, you will need that as well as the | |
166 | corresponding run time package; typically the dev package will contain | |
167 | header files and a library archive. Otherwise, you can download and | |
168 | build libraries from sources. | |
76b071b1 | 169 | |
7d1d1c16 | 170 | The sources of these libraries are available by anonymous CVS from |
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171 | cvs.m17n.org. |
172 | ||
173 | % cvs -d :pserver:anonymous@cvs.m17n.org:/cvs/m17n login | |
174 | % cvs -d :pserver:anonymous@cvs.m17n.org:/cvs/m17n co m17n-db | |
175 | % cvs -d :pserver:anonymous@cvs.m17n.org:/cvs/m17n co m17n-lib | |
176 | % cvs -d :pserver:anonymous@cvs.m17n.org:/cvs/m17n co libotf | |
177 | ||
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178 | For m17n-lib, if you have problems with making the whole package |
179 | because you lack some other packages on which m17n-lib depends, try to | |
180 | configure it with the option "--without-gui". | |
76b071b1 | 181 | |
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182 | * Extra fonts |
183 | ||
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184 | The Emacs distribution does not include fonts and does not install |
185 | them. You must do that yourself. | |
47774164 | 186 | |
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187 | Emacs running on the GNU system supports both X fonts and local fonts |
188 | (i.e. the fonts managed by the fontconfig library). | |
189 | ||
190 | For `Unicode' (ISO 10646) X fonts, see | |
1ab1d7c4 | 191 | <URL:http://czyborra.com/unifont/> (packaged in Debian), |
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192 | <URL:http://openlab.ring.gr.jp/efont/> (packaged in Debian). (In |
193 | recent Debian versions, there is an extensive `misc-fixed' iso10646-1 | |
194 | in the default X installation.) Perhaps also see | |
4756109e | 195 | <URL:http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/%7Emgk25/ucs-fonts.html>. |
e4dd707c | 196 | |
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197 | <URL:http://czyborra.com/charsets/> has basic fonts for Emacs's |
198 | ISO-8859 charsets. | |
199 | ||
1ab1d7c4 | 200 | XFree86 release 4 (from <URL:ftp://ftp.xfree86.org/pub/XFree86/> and mirrors) |
4756109e | 201 | contains font support for most, if not all, of the charsets that Emacs |
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202 | currently supports, including iso10646-1 encoded fonts for use with |
203 | the mule-unicode charsets. The font files should also be usable with | |
204 | older X releases. Note that XFree 4 contains many iso10646-1 fonts | |
205 | with minimal character repertoires, which can cause problems -- see | |
206 | etc/PROBLEMS. | |
4756109e | 207 | |
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208 | BDF Unicode fonts etl-unicode.tar.gz are available from |
209 | <URL:ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/fonts/> and | |
210 | <URL:ftp://ftp.xfree86.org/pub/mirror/X.Org/contrib/fonts/>. These | |
211 | fonts can also be used by ps-print and ps-mule to print Unicode | |
212 | characters. | |
287e56d1 | 213 | |
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214 | Finally, the Web pages <URL:http://www.nongnu.org/freefont/index.html> |
215 | and <URL:http://www.nongnu.org/freefont/resources.html> list a large | |
216 | number of free Unicode fonts. | |
217 | ||
5b31a763 KG |
218 | * GNU/Linux development packages |
219 | ||
220 | Many GNU/Linux systems do not come with development packages by | |
221 | default; they just include the files that you need to run Emacs, but | |
222 | not those you need to compile it. For example, to compile Emacs with | |
223 | X11 support, you may need to install the special `X11 development' | |
6740b4d6 | 224 | package. For example, in April 2003, the package names to install |
a7da3bc5 | 225 | were `XFree86-devel' and `Xaw3d-devel' on Red Hat. On Debian, the |
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226 | packages necessary to build the installed version should be |
227 | sufficient; they can be installed using `apt-get build-dep emacs21' in | |
228 | Debian 3 and above. | |
45e680a8 | 229 | |
6aaf2a72 | 230 | |
071fcb2c | 231 | DETAILED BUILDING AND INSTALLATION: |
85da25e9 | 232 | |
071fcb2c | 233 | (This is for a Unix or Unix-like system. For MS-DOS and Windows 3.X, |
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234 | see msdos/INSTALL. For Windows 9X, Windows ME, Windows NT, Windows |
235 | 2000, Windows XP/2003, and Windows Vista/2008, see the file | |
3dcdb6ea | 236 | nt/INSTALL. For GNUstep and Mac OS X, see nextstep/INSTALL.) |
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237 | |
238 | 1) Make sure your system has enough swapping space allocated to handle | |
f1d6d1e8 | 239 | a program whose pure code is 1.5 MB and whose data area is at |
4df45701 | 240 | least 2.8 MB and can reach 100 MB or more. If the swapping space is |
a0e671c7 | 241 | insufficient, you will get an error in the command `temacs -batch -l |
bde335e3 | 242 | loadup dump', found in `./src/Makefile.in', or possibly when |
42db5687 | 243 | running the final dumped Emacs. |
177c0ea7 | 244 | |
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245 | Building Emacs requires about 140 MB of disk space (including the |
246 | Emacs sources) Once installed, Emacs occupies about 77 MB in the file | |
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247 | system where it is installed; this includes the executable files, Lisp |
248 | libraries, miscellaneous data files, and on-line documentation. If | |
249 | the building and installation take place in different directories, | |
4df45701 | 250 | then the installation procedure momentarily requires 140+77 MB. |
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251 | |
252 | 2) Consult `./etc/MACHINES' to see what configuration name you should | |
f40423fa | 253 | give to the `configure' program. That file offers hints for |
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254 | getting around some possible installation problems. The file lists |
255 | many different configurations, but only the part for your machine and | |
256 | operating system is relevant. (The list is arranged in alphabetical | |
257 | order by the vendor name.) | |
a0e671c7 | 258 | |
ea3165c7 RS |
259 | 3) You can build Emacs in the top-level Emacs source directory |
260 | or in a separate directory. | |
261 | ||
262 | 3a) To build in the top-level Emacs source directory, go to that | |
263 | directory and run the program `configure' as follows: | |
a0e671c7 | 264 | |
e4e772f1 | 265 | ./configure [CONFIGURATION-NAME] [--OPTION[=VALUE]] ... |
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266 | |
267 | The CONFIGURATION-NAME argument should be a configuration name given | |
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268 | in `./etc/MACHINES', with the system version number added at the end. |
269 | ||
270 | You should try first omitting CONFIGURATION-NAME. This way, | |
271 | `configure' will try to guess your system type. If it cannot guess, | |
272 | or if something goes wrong in building or installing Emacs this way, | |
273 | try again specifying the proper CONFIGURATION-NAME explicitly. | |
a0e671c7 | 274 | |
f40423fa DM |
275 | If you don't want X support, specify `--with-x=no'. If you omit this |
276 | option, `configure' will try to figure out for itself whether your | |
277 | system has X, and arrange to use it if present. | |
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278 | |
279 | The `--x-includes=DIR' and `--x-libraries=DIR' options tell the build | |
280 | process where the compiler should look for the include files and | |
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281 | object libraries used with the X Window System. Normally, `configure' |
282 | is able to find them; these options are necessary if you have your X | |
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283 | Window System files installed in unusual places. These options also |
284 | accept a list of directories, separated with colons. | |
a0e671c7 | 285 | |
f40423fa DM |
286 | To get more attractive menus, you can specify an X toolkit when you |
287 | configure Emacs; use the option `--with-x-toolkit=TOOLKIT', where | |
cf5ebec7 RS |
288 | TOOLKIT is `athena', `motif' or `gtk' (`yes' and `lucid' are synonyms |
289 | for `athena'). On some systems, it does not work to use a toolkit | |
290 | with shared libraries. A free implementation of Motif, called | |
291 | LessTif, is available from <http://www.lesstif.org>. Compiling with | |
292 | LessTif or Motif causes a standard File Selection Dialog to pop up | |
293 | when you invoke file commands with the mouse. You can get fancy | |
294 | 3D-style scroll bars, even without LessTif/Motif, if you have the | |
295 | Xaw3d library installed (see "Image support libraries" above for Xaw3d | |
071fcb2c | 296 | availability). |
a0e671c7 | 297 | |
488dd4c4 JD |
298 | If `--with-x-toolkit=gtk' is specified, you can tell configure where |
299 | to search for GTK by specifying `--with-pkg-config-prog=PATH' where | |
1dafafa3 | 300 | PATH is the pathname to pkg-config. Note that GTK version 2.4 or |
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301 | newer is required for Emacs. |
302 | ||
e10f2277 EZ |
303 | The Emacs mail reader RMAIL is configured to be able to read mail from |
304 | a POP3 server by default. Versions of the POP protocol older than | |
305 | POP3 are not supported. For Kerberos-authenticated POP add | |
306 | `--with-kerberos', for Hesiod support add `--with-hesiod'. While POP3 | |
307 | is always enabled, whether Emacs actually uses POP is controlled by | |
308 | individual users--see the Rmail chapter of the Emacs manual. | |
c5f329d6 | 309 | |
9792d8ac DL |
310 | For image support you may have to download, build, and install the |
311 | appropriate image support libraries for image types other than XBM and | |
312 | PBM, see the list of URLs in "ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION FILES" above. | |
313 | (Note that PNG support requires libz in addition to libpng.) | |
45e680a8 | 314 | |
9792d8ac DL |
315 | To disable individual types of image support in Emacs for some reason, |
316 | even though configure finds the libraries, you can configure with one | |
317 | or more of these options: | |
45e680a8 | 318 | |
9792d8ac DL |
319 | --without-xpm for XPM image support |
320 | --without-jpeg for JPEG image support | |
321 | --without-tiff for TIFF image support | |
322 | --without-gif for GIF image support | |
323 | --without-png for PNG image support | |
45e680a8 | 324 | |
071fcb2c | 325 | Use --without-toolkit-scroll-bars to disable LessTif/Motif or Xaw3d |
5efc493c | 326 | scroll bars. |
49f601d9 KS |
327 | |
328 | Use --without-xim to inhibit the default use of X Input Methods. In | |
329 | this case, the X resource useXIM can be used to turn on use of XIM. | |
330 | ||
331 | Use --disable-largefile omits support for files larger than 2GB on | |
5efc493c | 332 | systems which support that. |
49f601d9 KS |
333 | |
334 | Use --without-sound to disable sound support. | |
071fcb2c | 335 | |
a0e671c7 JB |
336 | The `--prefix=PREFIXDIR' option specifies where the installation process |
337 | should put emacs and its data files. This defaults to `/usr/local'. | |
338 | - Emacs (and the other utilities users run) go in PREFIXDIR/bin | |
339 | (unless the `--exec-prefix' option says otherwise). | |
f40423fa DM |
340 | - The architecture-independent files go in PREFIXDIR/share/emacs/VERSION |
341 | (where VERSION is the version number of Emacs, like `19.27'). | |
a0e671c7 | 342 | - The architecture-dependent files go in |
f40423fa | 343 | PREFIXDIR/libexec/emacs/VERSION/CONFIGURATION |
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344 | (where CONFIGURATION is the configuration name, like mips-dec-ultrix4.2), |
345 | unless the `--exec-prefix' option says otherwise. | |
346 | ||
347 | The `--exec-prefix=EXECDIR' option allows you to specify a separate | |
348 | portion of the directory tree for installing architecture-specific | |
349 | files, like executables and utility programs. If specified, | |
350 | - Emacs (and the other utilities users run) go in EXECDIR/bin, and | |
351 | - The architecture-dependent files go in | |
f40423fa | 352 | EXECDIR/libexec/emacs/VERSION/CONFIGURATION. |
a0e671c7 JB |
353 | EXECDIR/bin should be a directory that is normally in users' PATHs. |
354 | ||
355 | For example, the command | |
356 | ||
357 | ./configure mips-dec-ultrix --with-x11 | |
358 | ||
359 | configures Emacs to build for a DECstation running Ultrix, with | |
360 | support for the X11 window system. | |
361 | ||
f40423fa | 362 | `configure' doesn't do any compilation or installation |
a0e671c7 | 363 | itself. It just creates the files that influence those things: |
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364 | `./Makefile', `lib-src/Makefile', `oldXMenu/Makefile', |
365 | `lwlib/Makefile', `src/Makefile', and `./src/config.h'. For details | |
366 | on exactly what it does, see the section called `CONFIGURATION BY | |
367 | HAND', below. | |
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368 | |
369 | When it is done, `configure' prints a description of what it did and | |
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370 | creates a shell script `config.status' which, when run, recreates the |
371 | same configuration. If `configure' exits with an error after | |
372 | disturbing the status quo, it removes `config.status'. `configure' | |
373 | also creates a file `config.cache' that saves the results of its tests | |
374 | to make reconfiguring faster, and a file `config.log' containing compiler | |
375 | output (useful mainly for debugging `configure'). You can give | |
376 | `configure' the option `--cache-file=FILE' to use the results of the | |
377 | tests in FILE instead of `config.cache'. Set FILE to `/dev/null' to | |
378 | disable caching, for debugging `configure'. | |
a0e671c7 | 379 | |
071fcb2c | 380 | If the description of the system configuration printed by `configure' |
a7da3bc5 | 381 | is not right, or if it claims some of the features or libraries are not |
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382 | available when you know they are, look at the `config.log' file for |
383 | the trace of the failed tests performed by `configure' to check | |
384 | whether these features are supported. Typically, some test fails | |
385 | because the compiler cannot find some function in the system | |
386 | libraries, or some macro-processor definition in the system headers. | |
387 | ||
388 | Some tests might fail because the compiler should look in special | |
389 | directories for some header files, or link against optional | |
8416aa4e | 390 | libraries, or use special compilation options. You can force |
071fcb2c | 391 | `configure' and the build process which follows it to do that by |
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392 | setting the variables CPPFLAGS, CFLAGS, LDFLAGS, LIBS, CPP and CC |
393 | before running `configure'. CPP is the command which invokes the | |
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394 | preprocessor, CPPFLAGS lists the options passed to it, CFLAGS are |
395 | compilation options, LDFLAGS are options used when linking, LIBS are | |
396 | libraries to link against, and CC is the command which invokes the | |
ebd377fb | 397 | compiler. By default, gcc is used if available. |
071fcb2c | 398 | |
4e98f5a6 DL |
399 | Here's an example of a `configure' invocation, assuming a Bourne-like |
400 | shell such as Bash, which uses these variables: | |
071fcb2c EZ |
401 | |
402 | CPPFLAGS='-I/foo/myinclude' LDFLAGS='-L/bar/mylib' \ | |
403 | CFLAGS='-O3' LIBS='-lfoo -lbar' ./configure | |
404 | ||
405 | (this is all one long line). This tells `configure' to instruct the | |
406 | preprocessor to look in the `/foo/myinclude' directory for header | |
407 | files (in addition to the standard directories), instruct the linker | |
408 | to look in `/bar/mylib' for libraries, pass the -O3 optimization | |
409 | switch to the compiler, and link against libfoo.a and libbar.a | |
410 | libraries in addition to the standard ones. | |
411 | ||
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412 | For some libraries, like Gtk+, fontconfig and ALSA, `configure' use |
413 | pkg-config to find where those libraries are installed. | |
414 | If you want pkg-config to look in special directories, you have to set | |
415 | the environment variable PKG_CONFIG_PATH to point to the directories | |
1f29c85c JD |
416 | where the .pc-files for those libraries are. |
417 | For example: | |
418 | ||
419 | PKG_CONFIG_PATH='/usr/local/alsa/lib/pkgconfig:/opt/gtk+-2.8/lib/pkgconfig' \ | |
420 | ./configure | |
421 | ||
a0e671c7 | 422 | The work of `configure' can be done by editing various files in the |
ea3165c7 RS |
423 | distribution, but using `configure' is easier. See the section called |
424 | "CONFIGURATION BY HAND" below if you want to do the configuration | |
425 | yourself. | |
426 | ||
427 | 3b) To build in a separate directory, go to that directory | |
428 | and run the program `configure' as follows: | |
429 | ||
430 | SOURCE-DIR/configure CONFIGURATION-NAME [--OPTION[=VALUE]] ... | |
431 | ||
432 | SOURCE-DIR refers to the top-level Emacs source directory which is | |
433 | where Emacs's configure script is located. `configure' looks for the | |
434 | Emacs source code in the directory that `configure' is in. | |
435 | ||
436 | To build in a separate directory, you must use a version of `make' | |
437 | that supports the `VPATH' variable, such as GNU `make'. | |
a0e671c7 | 438 | |
793faff1 RS |
439 | 3c) Some people try to build in a separate directory by filling |
440 | it full of symlinks to the files in the real source directory. | |
e1655e2b RS |
441 | If you do that, `make all' does work, but `make install' fails: |
442 | it copies the symbolic links rather than the actual files. | |
443 | ||
444 | As far as is known, there is no particular reason to use | |
445 | a directory full of links rather than use the standard GNU | |
446 | facilities to build in a separate directory (see 3b above). | |
447 | ||
a0e671c7 | 448 | 4) Look at `./lisp/paths.el'; if some of those values are not right |
0b60f47d KH |
449 | for your system, set up the file `./lisp/site-init.el' with Emacs |
450 | Lisp code to override them; it is not a good idea to edit paths.el | |
a0e671c7 JB |
451 | itself. YOU MUST USE THE LISP FUNCTION `setq' TO ASSIGN VALUES, |
452 | rather than `defvar', as used by `./lisp/paths.el'. For example, | |
453 | ||
454 | (setq news-inews-program "/usr/bin/inews") | |
455 | ||
456 | is how you would override the default value of the variable | |
457 | news-inews-program (which is "/usr/local/inews"). | |
458 | ||
35b12ec0 RS |
459 | Before you override a variable this way, *look at the value* that the |
460 | variable gets by default! Make sure you know what kind of value the | |
461 | variable should have. If you don't pay attention to what you are | |
462 | doing, you'll make a mistake. | |
463 | ||
42db5687 RS |
464 | 5) Put into `./lisp/site-init.el' or `./lisp/site-load.el' any Emacs |
465 | Lisp code you want Emacs to load before it is dumped out. Use | |
466 | site-load.el for additional libraries if you arrange for their | |
467 | documentation strings to be in the etc/DOC file (see | |
bde335e3 | 468 | src/Makefile.in if you wish to figure out how to do that). For all |
8c10f3e4 RS |
469 | else, use site-init.el. Do not load byte-compiled code which |
470 | was build with a non-nil value of `byte-compile-dynamic'. | |
a0e671c7 | 471 | |
0d75540d RS |
472 | If you set load-path to a different value in site-init.el or |
473 | site-load.el, Emacs will use *precisely* that value when it starts up | |
474 | again. If you do this, you are on your own! | |
d07ee75a | 475 | |
a0e671c7 JB |
476 | Note that, on some systems, the code you place in site-init.el must |
477 | not use expand-file-name or any other function which may look | |
478 | something up in the system's password and user information database. | |
4fece393 | 479 | See `./etc/PROBLEMS' for more details on which systems this affects. |
a0e671c7 | 480 | |
eaa91904 RS |
481 | The `site-*.el' files are nonexistent in the distribution. You do not |
482 | need to create them if you have nothing to put in them. | |
a0e671c7 JB |
483 | |
484 | 6) Refer to the file `./etc/TERMS' for information on fields you may | |
485 | wish to add to various termcap entries. The files `./etc/termcap.ucb' | |
486 | and `./etc/termcap.dat' may already contain appropriately-modified | |
487 | entries. | |
488 | ||
489 | 7) Run `make' in the top directory of the Emacs distribution to finish | |
c5f48ce3 RS |
490 | building Emacs in the standard way. The final executable file is |
491 | named `src/emacs'. You can execute this file "in place" without | |
492 | copying it, if you wish; then it automatically uses the sibling | |
493 | directories ../lisp, ../lib-src, ../info. | |
494 | ||
495 | Or you can "install" the executable and the other Emacs into their | |
496 | installed locations, with `make install'. By default, Emacs's files | |
497 | are installed in the following directories: | |
a0e671c7 JB |
498 | |
499 | `/usr/local/bin' holds the executable programs users normally run - | |
c9da8016 RS |
500 | `emacs', `etags', `ctags', `b2m', `emacsclient', |
501 | and `rcs-checkin'. | |
a0e671c7 | 502 | |
f40423fa | 503 | `/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/lisp' holds the Emacs Lisp library; |
a0e671c7 | 504 | `VERSION' stands for the number of the Emacs version |
f40423fa | 505 | you are installing, like `18.59' or `19.27'. Since the |
cdb49480 | 506 | Lisp library changes from one version of Emacs to |
a0e671c7 JB |
507 | another, including the version number in the path |
508 | allows you to have several versions of Emacs installed | |
cdb49480 RS |
509 | at the same time; in particular, you don't have to |
510 | make Emacs unavailable while installing a new version. | |
a0e671c7 | 511 | |
f40423fa | 512 | `/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/etc' holds the Emacs tutorial, the DOC |
a0e671c7 JB |
513 | file, the `yow' database, and other |
514 | architecture-independent files Emacs might need while | |
515 | running. VERSION is as specified for `.../lisp'. | |
516 | ||
f40423fa | 517 | `/usr/local/libexec/emacs/VERSION/CONFIGURATION-NAME' contains executable |
a0e671c7 JB |
518 | programs used by Emacs that users are not expected to |
519 | run themselves. | |
520 | `VERSION' is the number of the Emacs version you are | |
521 | installing, and `CONFIGURATION-NAME' is the argument | |
522 | you gave to the `configure' program to identify the | |
523 | architecture and operating system of your machine, | |
524 | like `mips-dec-ultrix' or `sparc-sun-sunos'. Since | |
525 | these files are specific to the version of Emacs, | |
526 | operating system, and architecture in use, including | |
527 | the configuration name in the path allows you to have | |
528 | several versions of Emacs for any mix of machines and | |
529 | operating systems installed at the same time; this is | |
530 | useful for sites at which different kinds of machines | |
531 | share the file system Emacs is installed on. | |
532 | ||
1f6d58b9 CY |
533 | `/usr/local/share/info' holds the on-line documentation for Emacs, |
534 | known as "info files". Many other GNU programs are | |
535 | documented using info files as well, so this directory | |
536 | stands apart from the other, Emacs-specific | |
537 | directories. | |
a0e671c7 JB |
538 | |
539 | `/usr/local/man/man1' holds the man pages for the programs installed | |
540 | in `/usr/local/bin'. | |
541 | ||
795b558b RS |
542 | Any version of Emacs, whether installed or not, also looks for Lisp |
543 | files in these directories. | |
544 | ||
545 | `/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/site-lisp' holds the local Emacs Lisp | |
546 | files installed for Emacs version VERSION only. | |
547 | ||
548 | `/usr/local/share/emacs/site-lisp' holds the local Emacs Lisp | |
549 | files installed for all Emacs versions. | |
550 | ||
551 | When Emacs is installed, it searches for its Lisp files | |
552 | in `/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/site-lisp', then in | |
553 | `/usr/local/share/emacs/site-lisp', and finally in | |
554 | `/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/lisp'. | |
555 | ||
a0e671c7 JB |
556 | If these directories are not what you want, you can specify where to |
557 | install Emacs's libraries and data files or where Emacs should search | |
cdb49480 | 558 | for its Lisp files by giving values for `make' variables as part of |
a0e671c7 JB |
559 | the command. See the section below called `MAKE VARIABLES' for more |
560 | information on this. | |
561 | ||
562 | 8) Check the file `dir' in your site's info directory (usually | |
1f6d58b9 CY |
563 | /usr/local/share/info) to make sure that it has a menu entry for the |
564 | Emacs info files. | |
a0e671c7 | 565 | |
42db5687 | 566 | 9) If your system uses lock files to interlock access to mailer inbox files, |
f40423fa | 567 | then you might need to make the movemail program setuid or setgid |
42db5687 RS |
568 | to enable it to write the lock files. We believe this is safe. |
569 | ||
2d475b5f KH |
570 | 10) You are done! You can remove executables and object files from |
571 | the build directory by typing `make clean'. To also remove the files | |
572 | that `configure' created (so you can compile Emacs for a different | |
f12b4dea EZ |
573 | configuration), type `make distclean'. If you don't need some, or all |
574 | of the input methods from the Leim package, you can remove the | |
3adec967 RS |
575 | unneeded files in the leim subdirectories of your site's lisp |
576 | directory (usually /usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/). | |
2d475b5f | 577 | |
a0e671c7 JB |
578 | |
579 | ||
580 | MAKE VARIABLES | |
581 | ||
582 | You can change where the build process installs Emacs and its data | |
583 | files by specifying values for `make' variables as part of the `make' | |
584 | command line. For example, if you type | |
585 | ||
586 | make install bindir=/usr/local/gnubin | |
587 | ||
588 | the `bindir=/usr/local/gnubin' argument indicates that the Emacs | |
589 | executable files should go in `/usr/local/gnubin', not | |
590 | `/usr/local/bin'. | |
591 | ||
592 | Here is a complete list of the variables you may want to set. | |
593 | ||
594 | `bindir' indicates where to put executable programs that users can | |
595 | run. This defaults to /usr/local/bin. | |
596 | ||
597 | `datadir' indicates where to put the architecture-independent | |
598 | read-only data files that Emacs refers to while it runs; it | |
908477d9 | 599 | defaults to /usr/local/share. We create the following |
a0e671c7 | 600 | subdirectories under `datadir': |
cdb49480 | 601 | - `emacs/VERSION/lisp', containing the Emacs Lisp library, and |
a0e671c7 JB |
602 | - `emacs/VERSION/etc', containing the Emacs tutorial, the DOC |
603 | file, and the `yow' database. | |
604 | `VERSION' is the number of the Emacs version you are installing, | |
605 | like `18.59' or `19.0'. Since these files vary from one version | |
606 | of Emacs to another, including the version number in the path | |
607 | allows you to have several versions of Emacs installed at the | |
608 | same time; this means that you don't have to make Emacs | |
609 | unavailable while installing a new version. | |
610 | ||
908477d9 DM |
611 | `libexecdir' indicates where to put architecture-specific data files that |
612 | Emacs refers to as it runs; it defaults to `/usr/local/libexec'. | |
613 | We create the following subdirectories under `libexecdir': | |
a0e671c7 JB |
614 | - `emacs/VERSION/CONFIGURATION-NAME', containing executable |
615 | programs used by Emacs that users are not expected to run | |
177c0ea7 | 616 | themselves. |
a0e671c7 JB |
617 | `VERSION' is the number of the Emacs version you are installing, |
618 | and `CONFIGURATION-NAME' is the argument you gave to the | |
619 | `configure' program to identify the architecture and operating | |
620 | system of your machine, like `mips-dec-ultrix' or | |
621 | `sparc-sun-sunos'. Since these files are specific to the version | |
622 | of Emacs, operating system, and architecture in use, including | |
623 | the configuration name in the path allows you to have several | |
624 | versions of Emacs for any mix of machines and operating systems | |
625 | installed at the same time; this is useful for sites at which | |
626 | different kinds of machines share the file system Emacs is | |
627 | installed on. | |
628 | ||
629 | `infodir' indicates where to put the info files distributed with | |
1f6d58b9 | 630 | Emacs; it defaults to `/usr/local/share/info'. |
a0e671c7 JB |
631 | |
632 | `mandir' indicates where to put the man pages for Emacs and its | |
633 | utilities (like `etags'); it defaults to | |
634 | `/usr/local/man/man1'. | |
635 | ||
636 | `manext' gives the extension the man pages should be installed with. | |
637 | It should contain a period, followed by the appropriate | |
638 | digit. It defaults to `.1'. For example given the default | |
639 | values for `mandir' and `manext', the Emacs man page would be | |
640 | installed as `/usr/local/man/man1/emacs.1'. | |
641 | ||
642 | `prefix' doesn't give a path for any specific part of Emacs; instead, | |
643 | its value is used to determine the defaults for all the | |
644 | architecture-independent path variables - `datadir', | |
908477d9 | 645 | `sharedstatedir', `infodir', and `mandir'. Its default value is |
a0e671c7 JB |
646 | `/usr/local'; the other variables add on `lib' or `man' to it |
647 | by default. | |
648 | ||
649 | For example, suppose your site generally places GNU software | |
650 | under `/usr/users/software/gnusoft' instead of `/usr/local'. | |
651 | By including | |
652 | `prefix=/usr/users/software/gnusoft' | |
653 | in the arguments to `make', you can instruct the build process | |
654 | to place all of the Emacs data files in the appropriate | |
655 | directories under that path. | |
656 | ||
657 | `exec_prefix' serves the same purpose as `prefix', but instead | |
658 | determines the default values for the architecture-dependent | |
908477d9 | 659 | path variables - `bindir' and `libexecdir'. |
a0e671c7 JB |
660 | |
661 | The above variables serve analogous purposes in the makefiles for all | |
5c462624 | 662 | GNU software; this variable is specific to Emacs. |
a0e671c7 | 663 | |
2d475b5f KH |
664 | `archlibdir' indicates where Emacs installs and expects the executable |
665 | files and other architecture-dependent data it uses while | |
666 | running. Its default value, based on `libexecdir' (which | |
667 | see), is `/usr/local/libexec/emacs/VERSION/CONFIGURATION-NAME' | |
a0e671c7 JB |
668 | (where VERSION and CONFIGURATION-NAME are as described above). |
669 | ||
670 | Remember that you must specify any variable values you need each time | |
671 | you run `make' in the top directory. If you run `make' once to build | |
672 | emacs, test it, and then run `make' again to install the files, you | |
673 | must provide the same variable settings each time. To make the | |
674 | settings persist, you can edit them into the `Makefile' in the top | |
675 | directory, but be aware that running the `configure' program erases | |
676 | `Makefile' and rebuilds it from `Makefile.in'. | |
677 | ||
5c462624 RS |
678 | The path for finding Lisp files is specified in src/paths.h, |
679 | a file which is generated by running configure. To change the path, | |
680 | you can edit the definition of PATH_LOADSEARCH in that file | |
681 | before you run `make'. | |
682 | ||
a0e671c7 JB |
683 | The top-level Makefile stores the variable settings it used in the |
684 | Makefiles for the subdirectories, so you don't have to specify them | |
685 | when running make in the subdirectories. | |
686 | ||
687 | ||
688 | CONFIGURATION BY HAND | |
689 | ||
c9da8016 RS |
690 | Instead of running the `configure' program, you have to perform the |
691 | following steps. | |
a0e671c7 | 692 | |
bde335e3 | 693 | 1) Copy `./src/config.in' to `./src/config.h'. |
a0e671c7 JB |
694 | |
695 | 2) Consult `./etc/MACHINES' to see what configuration name you should | |
696 | use for your system. Look at the code of the `configure' script to | |
697 | see which operating system and architecture description files from | |
698 | `src/s' and `src/m' should be used for that configuration name. Edit | |
699 | `src/config.h', and change the two `#include' directives to include | |
700 | the appropriate system and architecture description files. | |
701 | ||
702 | 2) Edit `./src/config.h' to set the right options for your system. If | |
703 | you need to override any of the definitions in the s/*.h and m/*.h | |
704 | files for your system and machine, do so by editing config.h, not by | |
705 | changing the s/*.h and m/*.h files. Occasionally you may need to | |
706 | redefine parameters used in `./lib-src/movemail.c'. | |
707 | ||
c9da8016 | 708 | 3) Create src/Makefile and lib-src/Makefile from the corresponding |
bde335e3 | 709 | `Makefile.in' files. First copy `Makefile.in' to `Makefile.c', |
94684a2e | 710 | then edit in appropriate substitutions for the @...@ constructs, |
c9da8016 RS |
711 | and then copy the shell commands near the end of `configure' |
712 | that run cpp to construct `Makefile'. | |
a0e671c7 | 713 | |
c9da8016 RS |
714 | 4) Create `Makefile' files in various other directories |
715 | from the corresponding `Makefile.in' files. This isn't so hard, | |
716 | just a matter of substitution. | |
a0e671c7 | 717 | |
a0e671c7 | 718 | The `configure' script is built from `configure.in' by the `autoconf' |
91074c04 | 719 | program. You need version 2.51 or newer of `autoconf' to rebuild |
f42e6f81 | 720 | `configure'. |
a0e671c7 JB |
721 | |
722 | BUILDING GNU EMACS BY HAND | |
723 | ||
a4af02f3 RS |
724 | Once Emacs is configured, running `make' in the top directory performs |
725 | the following steps. | |
a0e671c7 JB |
726 | |
727 | 1) Run `make src/paths.h' in the top directory. This produces | |
bde335e3 | 728 | `./src/paths.h' from the template file `./src/paths.in', changing |
a0e671c7 JB |
729 | the paths to the values specified in `./Makefile'. |
730 | ||
c9da8016 | 731 | 2) Go to directory `./lib-src' and run `make'. This creates |
a7da3bc5 GM |
732 | executables named `ctags' and `etags' and `make-docfile' and |
733 | `digest-doc' and `test-distrib'. And others. | |
a0e671c7 | 734 | |
c9da8016 RS |
735 | 3) Go to directory `./src' and Run `make'. This refers to files in |
736 | the `./lisp' and `./lib-src' subdirectories using names `../lisp' and | |
a0e671c7 JB |
737 | `../lib-src'. |
738 | ||
739 | This creates a file `./src/emacs' which is the runnable Emacs, | |
c9da8016 RS |
740 | which has another name that contains a version number. |
741 | Each time you do this, that version number increments in the last place. | |
a0e671c7 JB |
742 | |
743 | It also creates a file in `./etc' whose name is `DOC' followed by the | |
744 | current Emacs version. This file contains documentation strings for | |
745 | all the functions in Emacs. Each time you run make to make a new | |
746 | emacs, a new DOC file with a new name is made. You must keep the DOC | |
747 | file for an Emacs version as long as you keep using that Emacs | |
748 | version. | |
749 | ||
750 | ||
751 | INSTALLATION BY HAND | |
752 | ||
a4af02f3 RS |
753 | The steps below are done by running `make install' in the main |
754 | directory of the Emacs distribution. | |
a0e671c7 JB |
755 | |
756 | 1) Copy `./lisp' and its subdirectories, `./etc', and the executables | |
757 | in `./lib-src' to their final destinations, as selected in `./src/paths.h'. | |
758 | ||
759 | Strictly speaking, not all of the executables in `./lib-src' need be copied. | |
4208da83 | 760 | - The programs `cvtmail', `fakemail', `hexl', |
a7da3bc5 GM |
761 | `movemail', `profile', `rcs2log', and `vcdiff' are used by Emacs; |
762 | they do need to be copied. | |
c9da8016 | 763 | - The programs `etags', `ctags', `emacsclient', `b2m', and `rcs-checkin' |
a0e671c7 | 764 | are intended to be run by users; they are handled below. |
3ae888e8 | 765 | - The programs `make-docfile' and `test-distrib' were |
a0e671c7 JB |
766 | used in building Emacs, and are not needed any more. |
767 | - The programs `digest-doc' and `sorted-doc' convert a `DOC' file into | |
768 | a file for users to read. There is no important reason to move them. | |
769 | ||
770 | 2) Copy the files in `./info' to the place specified in | |
771 | `./lisp/site-init.el' or `./lisp/paths.el'. Note that if the | |
772 | destination directory already contains a file named `dir', you | |
773 | probably don't want to replace it with the `dir' file in the Emacs | |
774 | distribution. Instead, you should make sure that the existing `dir' | |
775 | file contains an appropriate menu entry for the Emacs info. | |
776 | ||
100b770b | 777 | 3) Copy `./src/emacs' to `/usr/local/bin', or to some other directory |
a0e671c7 JB |
778 | in users' search paths. `./src/emacs' has an alternate name |
779 | `./src/emacs-EMACSVERSION'; you may wish to make a symbolic link named | |
780 | `/usr/local/bin/emacs' pointing to that alternate name, as an easy way | |
781 | of installing different versions. | |
782 | ||
783 | You can delete `./src/temacs'. | |
784 | ||
100b770b | 785 | 4) Copy the programs `b2m', `emacsclient', `ctags', `etags', and |
c9da8016 | 786 | `rcs-checkin' from `./lib-src' to `/usr/local/bin'. These programs are |
a0e671c7 JB |
787 | intended for users to run. |
788 | ||
100b770b | 789 | 5) Copy the man pages in `./etc' for emacs, ctags, and etags into the |
a0e671c7 JB |
790 | appropriate man directories. |
791 | ||
100b770b | 792 | 6) The files in the `./src' subdirectory, except for `emacs', are not |
c9da8016 RS |
793 | used by Emacs once it is built. However, it is very desirable to keep |
794 | the source on line for debugging. | |
a0e671c7 JB |
795 | |
796 | ||
797 | PROBLEMS | |
798 | ||
4fece393 | 799 | See the file PROBLEMS in etc subdirectory for a list of various |
a0e671c7 | 800 | problems sometimes encountered, and what to do about them. |
e2b6e5ea | 801 | \f |
7f6d64f8 GM |
802 | This file is part of GNU Emacs. |
803 | ||
b33ba812 | 804 | GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify |
7f6d64f8 | 805 | it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by |
b33ba812 GM |
806 | the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or |
807 | (at your option) any later version. | |
7f6d64f8 GM |
808 | |
809 | GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, | |
810 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of | |
811 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the | |
812 | GNU General Public License for more details. | |
813 | ||
814 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License | |
b33ba812 | 815 | along with GNU Emacs. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. |