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2625a8f7 | 1 | \input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*- -*- coding: iso-latin-1 -*- |
6bf7aab6 | 2 | |
a28afc5f | 3 | @setfilename ../info/gnus |
6bf7aab6 DL |
4 | @settitle Gnus Manual |
5 | @synindex fn cp | |
6 | @synindex vr cp | |
7 | @synindex pg cp | |
64566c03 | 8 | @dircategory Emacs |
6bf7aab6 DL |
9 | @direntry |
10 | * Gnus: (gnus). The newsreader Gnus. | |
11 | @end direntry | |
12 | @iftex | |
13 | @finalout | |
14 | @end iftex | |
15 | @setchapternewpage odd | |
16 | ||
17 | @iftex | |
2625a8f7 GM |
18 | @iflatex |
19 | \documentclass[twoside,a4paper,openright,11pt]{book} | |
20 | \usepackage[latin1]{inputenc} | |
21 | \usepackage{pagestyle} | |
22 | \usepackage{epsfig} | |
23 | \usepackage{bembo} | |
24 | \usepackage{pixidx} | |
25 | ||
26 | \makeindex | |
27 | \begin{document} | |
28 | ||
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110 | } | |
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125 | ||
126 | \newcommand{\gnussection}[1]{ | |
127 | \renewcommand{\gnussectionname}{#1} | |
128 | \section{#1} | |
129 | } | |
130 | ||
131 | \newenvironment{codelist}% | |
132 | {\begin{list}{}{ | |
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135 | ||
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146 | ||
147 | \newenvironment{stronglist}% | |
148 | {\begin{list}{}{ | |
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150 | }{\end{list}} | |
151 | ||
152 | \newenvironment{samplist}% | |
153 | {\begin{list}{}{ | |
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155 | }{\end{list}} | |
156 | ||
157 | \newenvironment{varlist}% | |
158 | {\begin{list}{}{ | |
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160 | }{\end{list}} | |
161 | ||
162 | \newenvironment{emphlist}% | |
163 | {\begin{list}{}{ | |
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166 | ||
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215 | \raisebox{-0.5cm}{\epsfig{figure=ps/gnus-big-logo.eps,height=1cm}} | |
216 | \hfill \mbox{} | |
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219 | ||
220 | \newpagestyle{gnus}% | |
221 | { | |
222 | { | |
223 | \ifodd\count0 | |
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234 | { | |
235 | \ifodd\count0 | |
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238 | \else | |
239 | \raisebox{-0.5cm}{\epsfig{figure=ps/gnus-big-logo.eps,height=1cm}} | |
240 | \hfill \mbox{} | |
241 | \fi | |
242 | } | |
243 | ||
244 | \pagenumbering{roman} | |
245 | \pagestyle{gnuspreamble} | |
246 | ||
247 | @end iflatex | |
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248 | @end iftex |
249 | ||
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250 | @iftex |
251 | @iflatex | |
252 | \begin{titlepage} | |
253 | { | |
254 | ||
255 | %\addtolength{\oddsidemargin}{-5cm} | |
256 | %\addtolength{\evensidemargin}{-5cm} | |
257 | \parindent=0cm | |
258 | \addtolength{\textheight}{2cm} | |
259 | ||
260 | \gnustitle{\gnustitlename}\\ | |
261 | \rule{15cm}{1mm}\\ | |
262 | \vfill | |
263 | \hspace*{0cm}\epsfig{figure=ps/gnus-big-logo.eps,height=15cm} | |
264 | \vfill | |
265 | \rule{15cm}{1mm}\\ | |
266 | \gnusauthor{by Lars Magne Ingebrigtsen} | |
267 | \newpage | |
268 | } | |
269 | ||
270 | \mbox{} | |
271 | \vfill | |
272 | ||
273 | \thispagestyle{empty} | |
274 | ||
275 | Copyright \copyright{} 1995,96,97,98,99,2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
276 | ||
277 | ||
278 | Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document | |
279 | under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or | |
280 | any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no | |
281 | Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU | |
282 | Manual'', and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the | |
283 | license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation | |
284 | License'' in the Emacs manual. | |
285 | ||
286 | (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have freedom to copy and modify | |
287 | this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free | |
288 | Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.'' | |
289 | ||
290 | This document is part of a collection distributed under the GNU Free | |
291 | Documentation License. If you want to distribute this document | |
292 | separately from the collection, you can do so by adding a copy of the | |
293 | license to the document, as described in section 6 of the license. | |
294 | \newpage | |
295 | \end{titlepage} | |
296 | @end iflatex | |
297 | @end iftex | |
6bf7aab6 | 298 | |
2625a8f7 | 299 | @ifnottex |
6bf7aab6 DL |
300 | |
301 | This file documents Gnus, the GNU Emacs newsreader. | |
302 | ||
2625a8f7 | 303 | Copyright (C) 1995,96,97,98,99,2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
6bf7aab6 | 304 | |
2625a8f7 GM |
305 | Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document |
306 | under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or | |
307 | any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the | |
308 | Invariant Sections being none, with the Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU | |
309 | Manual'', and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the | |
310 | license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation | |
311 | License'' in the Emacs manual. | |
6bf7aab6 | 312 | |
2625a8f7 GM |
313 | (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have freedom to copy and modify |
314 | this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free | |
315 | Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.'' | |
6bf7aab6 | 316 | |
2625a8f7 GM |
317 | This document is part of a collection distributed under the GNU Free |
318 | Documentation License. If you want to distribute this document | |
319 | separately from the collection, you can do so by adding a copy of the | |
320 | license to the document, as described in section 6 of the license. | |
321 | @end ifnottex | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
322 | |
323 | @tex | |
324 | ||
325 | @titlepage | |
2625a8f7 | 326 | @title Gnus Manual |
6bf7aab6 DL |
327 | |
328 | @author by Lars Magne Ingebrigtsen | |
329 | @page | |
330 | ||
331 | @vskip 0pt plus 1filll | |
2625a8f7 | 332 | Copyright @copyright{} 1995,96,97,98,99,2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
6bf7aab6 | 333 | |
2625a8f7 GM |
334 | Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document |
335 | under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or | |
336 | any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no | |
337 | Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU | |
338 | Manual'', and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the | |
339 | license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation | |
340 | License'' in the Emacs manual. | |
6bf7aab6 | 341 | |
2625a8f7 GM |
342 | (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have freedom to copy and modify |
343 | this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free | |
344 | Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.'' | |
6bf7aab6 | 345 | |
2625a8f7 GM |
346 | This document is part of a collection distributed under the GNU Free |
347 | Documentation License. If you want to distribute this document | |
348 | separately from the collection, you can do so by adding a copy of the | |
349 | license to the document, as described in section 6 of the license. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
350 | |
351 | @end titlepage | |
352 | @page | |
353 | ||
354 | @end tex | |
355 | ||
356 | ||
357 | @node Top | |
358 | @top The Gnus Newsreader | |
359 | ||
360 | @ifinfo | |
361 | ||
362 | You can read news (and mail) from within Emacs by using Gnus. The news | |
363 | can be gotten by any nefarious means you can think of---@sc{nntp}, local | |
364 | spool or your mbox file. All at the same time, if you want to push your | |
365 | luck. | |
366 | ||
f3a5300d | 367 | This manual corresponds to Gnus 5.9.0. |
6bf7aab6 DL |
368 | |
369 | @end ifinfo | |
370 | ||
371 | @iftex | |
372 | ||
2625a8f7 GM |
373 | @iflatex |
374 | \tableofcontents | |
375 | \gnuscleardoublepage | |
376 | @end iflatex | |
377 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
378 | Gnus is the advanced, self-documenting, customizable, extensible |
379 | unreal-time newsreader for GNU Emacs. | |
380 | ||
381 | Oops. That sounds oddly familiar, so let's start over again to avoid | |
382 | being accused of plagiarism: | |
383 | ||
384 | Gnus is a message-reading laboratory. It will let you look at just | |
385 | about anything as if it were a newsgroup. You can read mail with it, | |
2625a8f7 GM |
386 | you can browse directories with it, you can @code{ftp} with it---you |
387 | can even read news with it! | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
388 | |
389 | Gnus tries to empower people who read news the same way Emacs empowers | |
390 | people who edit text. Gnus sets no limits to what the user should be | |
391 | allowed to do. Users are encouraged to extend Gnus to make it behave | |
392 | like they want it to behave. A program should not control people; | |
393 | people should be empowered to do what they want by using (or abusing) | |
394 | the program. | |
395 | ||
396 | @end iftex | |
397 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
398 | @menu |
399 | * Starting Up:: Finding news can be a pain. | |
400 | * The Group Buffer:: Selecting, subscribing and killing groups. | |
401 | * The Summary Buffer:: Reading, saving and posting articles. | |
402 | * The Article Buffer:: Displaying and handling articles. | |
403 | * Composing Messages:: Information on sending mail and news. | |
404 | * Select Methods:: Gnus reads all messages from various select methods. | |
405 | * Scoring:: Assigning values to articles. | |
406 | * Various:: General purpose settings. | |
407 | * The End:: Farewell and goodbye. | |
408 | * Appendices:: Terminology, Emacs intro, FAQ, History, Internals. | |
409 | * Index:: Variable, function and concept index. | |
410 | * Key Index:: Key Index. | |
2625a8f7 GM |
411 | |
412 | @detailmenu | |
413 | --- The Detailed Node Listing --- | |
414 | ||
415 | Starting Gnus | |
416 | ||
417 | * Finding the News:: Choosing a method for getting news. | |
418 | * The First Time:: What does Gnus do the first time you start it? | |
419 | * The Server is Down:: How can I read my mail then? | |
420 | * Slave Gnusae:: You can have more than one Gnus active at a time. | |
421 | * Fetching a Group:: Starting Gnus just to read a group. | |
422 | * New Groups:: What is Gnus supposed to do with new groups? | |
423 | * Startup Files:: Those pesky startup files---@file{.newsrc}. | |
424 | * Auto Save:: Recovering from a crash. | |
425 | * The Active File:: Reading the active file over a slow line Takes Time. | |
426 | * Changing Servers:: You may want to move from one server to another. | |
427 | * Startup Variables:: Other variables you might change. | |
428 | ||
429 | New Groups | |
430 | ||
431 | * Checking New Groups:: Determining what groups are new. | |
432 | * Subscription Methods:: What Gnus should do with new groups. | |
433 | * Filtering New Groups:: Making Gnus ignore certain new groups. | |
434 | ||
435 | The Group Buffer | |
436 | ||
437 | * Group Buffer Format:: Information listed and how you can change it. | |
438 | * Group Maneuvering:: Commands for moving in the group buffer. | |
439 | * Selecting a Group:: Actually reading news. | |
440 | * Group Data:: Changing the info for a group. | |
441 | * Subscription Commands:: Unsubscribing, killing, subscribing. | |
442 | * Group Levels:: Levels? What are those, then? | |
443 | * Group Score:: A mechanism for finding out what groups you like. | |
444 | * Marking Groups:: You can mark groups for later processing. | |
445 | * Foreign Groups:: Creating and editing groups. | |
446 | * Group Parameters:: Each group may have different parameters set. | |
447 | * Listing Groups:: Gnus can list various subsets of the groups. | |
448 | * Sorting Groups:: Re-arrange the group order. | |
449 | * Group Maintenance:: Maintaining a tidy @file{.newsrc} file. | |
450 | * Browse Foreign Server:: You can browse a server. See what it has to offer. | |
451 | * Exiting Gnus:: Stop reading news and get some work done. | |
452 | * Group Topics:: A folding group mode divided into topics. | |
453 | * Misc Group Stuff:: Other stuff that you can to do. | |
454 | ||
455 | Group Buffer Format | |
456 | ||
457 | * Group Line Specification:: Deciding how the group buffer is to look. | |
458 | * Group Modeline Specification:: The group buffer modeline. | |
459 | * Group Highlighting:: Having nice colors in the group buffer. | |
460 | ||
461 | Group Topics | |
462 | ||
463 | * Topic Variables:: How to customize the topics the Lisp Way. | |
464 | * Topic Commands:: Interactive E-Z commands. | |
465 | * Topic Sorting:: Sorting each topic individually. | |
466 | * Topic Topology:: A map of the world. | |
467 | * Topic Parameters:: Parameters that apply to all groups in a topic. | |
468 | ||
469 | Misc Group Stuff | |
470 | ||
471 | * Scanning New Messages:: Asking Gnus to see whether new messages have arrived. | |
472 | * Group Information:: Information and help on groups and Gnus. | |
473 | * Group Timestamp:: Making Gnus keep track of when you last read a group. | |
474 | * File Commands:: Reading and writing the Gnus files. | |
475 | ||
476 | The Summary Buffer | |
477 | ||
478 | * Summary Buffer Format:: Deciding how the summary buffer is to look. | |
479 | * Summary Maneuvering:: Moving around the summary buffer. | |
480 | * Choosing Articles:: Reading articles. | |
481 | * Paging the Article:: Scrolling the current article. | |
482 | * Reply Followup and Post:: Posting articles. | |
483 | * Marking Articles:: Marking articles as read, expirable, etc. | |
484 | * Limiting:: You can limit the summary buffer. | |
485 | * Threading:: How threads are made. | |
486 | * Sorting:: How articles and threads are sorted. | |
487 | * Asynchronous Fetching:: Gnus might be able to pre-fetch articles. | |
488 | * Article Caching:: You may store articles in a cache. | |
489 | * Persistent Articles:: Making articles expiry-resistant. | |
490 | * Article Backlog:: Having already read articles hang around. | |
491 | * Saving Articles:: Ways of customizing article saving. | |
492 | * Decoding Articles:: Gnus can treat series of (uu)encoded articles. | |
493 | * Article Treatment:: The article buffer can be mangled at will. | |
494 | * MIME Commands:: Doing MIMEy things with the articles. | |
495 | * Charsets:: Character set issues. | |
496 | * Article Commands:: Doing various things with the article buffer. | |
497 | * Summary Sorting:: Sorting the summary buffer in various ways. | |
498 | * Finding the Parent:: No child support? Get the parent. | |
499 | * Alternative Approaches:: Reading using non-default summaries. | |
500 | * Tree Display:: A more visual display of threads. | |
501 | * Mail Group Commands:: Some commands can only be used in mail groups. | |
502 | * Various Summary Stuff:: What didn't fit anywhere else. | |
503 | * Exiting the Summary Buffer:: Returning to the Group buffer. | |
504 | * Crosspost Handling:: How crossposted articles are dealt with. | |
505 | * Duplicate Suppression:: An alternative when crosspost handling fails. | |
506 | ||
507 | Summary Buffer Format | |
508 | ||
509 | * Summary Buffer Lines:: You can specify how summary lines should look. | |
510 | * To From Newsgroups:: How to not display your own name. | |
511 | * Summary Buffer Mode Line:: You can say how the mode line should look. | |
512 | * Summary Highlighting:: Making the summary buffer all pretty and nice. | |
513 | ||
514 | Choosing Articles | |
515 | ||
516 | * Choosing Commands:: Commands for choosing articles. | |
517 | * Choosing Variables:: Variables that influence these commands. | |
518 | ||
519 | Reply, Followup and Post | |
520 | ||
521 | * Summary Mail Commands:: Sending mail. | |
522 | * Summary Post Commands:: Sending news. | |
523 | * Summary Message Commands:: Other Message-related commands. | |
524 | * Canceling and Superseding:: ``Whoops, I shouldn't have called him that.'' | |
525 | ||
526 | Marking Articles | |
527 | ||
528 | * Unread Articles:: Marks for unread articles. | |
529 | * Read Articles:: Marks for read articles. | |
530 | * Other Marks:: Marks that do not affect readedness. | |
531 | * Setting Marks:: How to set and remove marks. | |
532 | * Generic Marking Commands:: How to customize the marking. | |
533 | * Setting Process Marks:: How to mark articles for later processing. | |
534 | ||
535 | Threading | |
536 | ||
537 | * Customizing Threading:: Variables you can change to affect the threading. | |
538 | * Thread Commands:: Thread based commands in the summary buffer. | |
539 | ||
540 | Customizing Threading | |
541 | ||
542 | * Loose Threads:: How Gnus gathers loose threads into bigger threads. | |
543 | * Filling In Threads:: Making the threads displayed look fuller. | |
544 | * More Threading:: Even more variables for fiddling with threads. | |
545 | * Low-Level Threading:: You thought it was over... but you were wrong! | |
546 | ||
547 | Decoding Articles | |
548 | ||
549 | * Uuencoded Articles:: Uudecode articles. | |
550 | * Shell Archives:: Unshar articles. | |
551 | * PostScript Files:: Split PostScript. | |
552 | * Other Files:: Plain save and binhex. | |
553 | * Decoding Variables:: Variables for a happy decoding. | |
554 | * Viewing Files:: You want to look at the result of the decoding? | |
555 | ||
556 | Decoding Variables | |
557 | ||
558 | * Rule Variables:: Variables that say how a file is to be viewed. | |
559 | * Other Decode Variables:: Other decode variables. | |
560 | * Uuencoding and Posting:: Variables for customizing uuencoding. | |
561 | ||
562 | Article Treatment | |
563 | ||
564 | * Article Highlighting:: You want to make the article look like fruit salad. | |
565 | * Article Fontisizing:: Making emphasized text look nice. | |
566 | * Article Hiding:: You also want to make certain info go away. | |
567 | * Article Washing:: Lots of way-neat functions to make life better. | |
568 | * Article Buttons:: Click on URLs, Message-IDs, addresses and the like. | |
569 | * Article Date:: Grumble, UT! | |
570 | * Article Signature:: What is a signature? | |
571 | * Article Miscellania:: Various other stuff. | |
572 | ||
573 | Alternative Approaches | |
574 | ||
575 | * Pick and Read:: First mark articles and then read them. | |
576 | * Binary Groups:: Auto-decode all articles. | |
577 | ||
578 | Various Summary Stuff | |
579 | ||
580 | * Summary Group Information:: Information oriented commands. | |
581 | * Searching for Articles:: Multiple article commands. | |
582 | * Summary Generation Commands:: (Re)generating the summary buffer. | |
583 | * Really Various Summary Commands:: Those pesky non-conformant commands. | |
584 | ||
585 | The Article Buffer | |
586 | ||
587 | * Hiding Headers:: Deciding what headers should be displayed. | |
588 | * Using MIME:: Pushing articles through @sc{mime} before reading them. | |
589 | * Customizing Articles:: Tailoring the look of the articles. | |
590 | * Article Keymap:: Keystrokes available in the article buffer. | |
591 | * Misc Article:: Other stuff. | |
592 | ||
593 | Composing Messages | |
594 | ||
595 | * Mail:: Mailing and replying. | |
2625a8f7 GM |
596 | * Posting Server:: What server should you post via? |
597 | * Mail and Post:: Mailing and posting at the same time. | |
598 | * Archived Messages:: Where Gnus stores the messages you've sent. | |
599 | * Posting Styles:: An easier way to specify who you are. | |
600 | * Drafts:: Postponing messages and rejected messages. | |
601 | * Rejected Articles:: What happens if the server doesn't like your article? | |
602 | ||
603 | Select Methods | |
604 | ||
605 | * The Server Buffer:: Making and editing virtual servers. | |
606 | * Getting News:: Reading USENET news with Gnus. | |
607 | * Getting Mail:: Reading your personal mail with Gnus. | |
608 | * Browsing the Web:: Getting messages from a plethora of Web sources. | |
609 | * Other Sources:: Reading directories, files, SOUP packets. | |
610 | * Combined Groups:: Combining groups into one group. | |
611 | * Gnus Unplugged:: Reading news and mail offline. | |
612 | ||
613 | The Server Buffer | |
614 | ||
615 | * Server Buffer Format:: You can customize the look of this buffer. | |
616 | * Server Commands:: Commands to manipulate servers. | |
617 | * Example Methods:: Examples server specifications. | |
618 | * Creating a Virtual Server:: An example session. | |
619 | * Server Variables:: Which variables to set. | |
620 | * Servers and Methods:: You can use server names as select methods. | |
621 | * Unavailable Servers:: Some servers you try to contact may be down. | |
622 | ||
623 | Getting News | |
624 | ||
625 | * NNTP:: Reading news from an @sc{nntp} server. | |
626 | * News Spool:: Reading news from the local spool. | |
627 | ||
628 | Getting Mail | |
629 | ||
630 | * Mail in a Newsreader:: Important introductory notes. | |
631 | * Getting Started Reading Mail:: A simple cookbook example. | |
632 | * Splitting Mail:: How to create mail groups. | |
633 | * Mail Sources:: How to tell Gnus where to get mail from. | |
634 | * Mail Backend Variables:: Variables for customizing mail handling. | |
635 | * Fancy Mail Splitting:: Gnus can do hairy splitting of incoming mail. | |
636 | * Group Mail Splitting:: Use group customize to drive mail splitting. | |
637 | * Incorporating Old Mail:: What about the old mail you have? | |
638 | * Expiring Mail:: Getting rid of unwanted mail. | |
5b4e44da | 639 | * Washing Mail:: Removing cruft from the mail you get. |
2625a8f7 GM |
640 | * Duplicates:: Dealing with duplicated mail. |
641 | * Not Reading Mail:: Using mail backends for reading other files. | |
642 | * Choosing a Mail Backend:: Gnus can read a variety of mail formats. | |
643 | ||
644 | Mail Sources | |
645 | ||
646 | * Mail Source Specifiers:: How to specify what a mail source is. | |
647 | * Mail Source Customization:: Some variables that influence things. | |
648 | * Fetching Mail:: Using the mail source specifiers. | |
649 | ||
650 | Choosing a Mail Backend | |
651 | ||
652 | * Unix Mail Box:: Using the (quite) standard Un*x mbox. | |
653 | * Rmail Babyl:: Emacs programs use the rmail babyl format. | |
654 | * Mail Spool:: Store your mail in a private spool? | |
655 | * MH Spool:: An mhspool-like backend. | |
656 | * Mail Folders:: Having one file for each group. | |
657 | * Comparing Mail Backends:: An in-depth looks at pros and cons. | |
658 | ||
659 | Browsing the Web | |
660 | ||
661 | * Web Searches:: Creating groups from articles that match a string. | |
662 | * Slashdot:: Reading the Slashdot comments. | |
663 | * Ultimate:: The Ultimate Bulletin Board systems. | |
664 | * Web Archive:: Reading mailing list archived on web. | |
665 | ||
666 | Other Sources | |
667 | ||
668 | * Directory Groups:: You can read a directory as if it was a newsgroup. | |
669 | * Anything Groups:: Dired? Who needs dired? | |
670 | * Document Groups:: Single files can be the basis of a group. | |
671 | * SOUP:: Reading @sc{soup} packets ``offline''. | |
672 | * Mail-To-News Gateways:: Posting articles via mail-to-news gateways. | |
673 | * IMAP:: Using Gnus as a @sc{imap} client. | |
674 | ||
675 | Document Groups | |
676 | ||
677 | * Document Server Internals:: How to add your own document types. | |
678 | ||
679 | SOUP | |
680 | ||
681 | * SOUP Commands:: Commands for creating and sending @sc{soup} packets | |
682 | * SOUP Groups:: A backend for reading @sc{soup} packets. | |
683 | * SOUP Replies:: How to enable @code{nnsoup} to take over mail and news. | |
684 | ||
685 | @sc{imap} | |
686 | ||
687 | * Splitting in IMAP:: Splitting mail with nnimap. | |
688 | * Editing IMAP ACLs:: Limiting/enabling other users access to a mailbox. | |
689 | * Expunging mailboxes:: Equivalent of a "compress mailbox" button. | |
690 | ||
691 | Combined Groups | |
692 | ||
693 | * Virtual Groups:: Combining articles from many groups. | |
694 | * Kibozed Groups:: Looking through parts of the newsfeed for articles. | |
695 | ||
696 | Gnus Unplugged | |
697 | ||
698 | * Agent Basics:: How it all is supposed to work. | |
699 | * Agent Categories:: How to tell the Gnus Agent what to download. | |
700 | * Agent Commands:: New commands for all the buffers. | |
701 | * Agent Expiry:: How to make old articles go away. | |
702 | * Agent and IMAP:: How to use the Agent with IMAP. | |
703 | * Outgoing Messages:: What happens when you post/mail something? | |
704 | * Agent Variables:: Customizing is fun. | |
705 | * Example Setup:: An example @file{.gnus.el} file for offline people. | |
706 | * Batching Agents:: How to fetch news from a @code{cron} job. | |
707 | * Agent Caveats:: What you think it'll do and what it does. | |
708 | ||
709 | Agent Categories | |
710 | ||
711 | * Category Syntax:: What a category looks like. | |
712 | * The Category Buffer:: A buffer for maintaining categories. | |
713 | * Category Variables:: Customize'r'Us. | |
714 | ||
715 | Agent Commands | |
716 | ||
717 | * Group Agent Commands:: | |
718 | * Summary Agent Commands:: | |
719 | * Server Agent Commands:: | |
720 | ||
721 | Scoring | |
722 | ||
723 | * Summary Score Commands:: Adding score entries for the current group. | |
724 | * Group Score Commands:: General score commands. | |
725 | * Score Variables:: Customize your scoring. (My, what terminology). | |
726 | * Score File Format:: What a score file may contain. | |
727 | * Score File Editing:: You can edit score files by hand as well. | |
728 | * Adaptive Scoring:: Big Sister Gnus knows what you read. | |
729 | * Home Score File:: How to say where new score entries are to go. | |
730 | * Followups To Yourself:: Having Gnus notice when people answer you. | |
731 | * Scoring Tips:: How to score effectively. | |
732 | * Reverse Scoring:: That problem child of old is not problem. | |
733 | * Global Score Files:: Earth-spanning, ear-splitting score files. | |
734 | * Kill Files:: They are still here, but they can be ignored. | |
735 | * Converting Kill Files:: Translating kill files to score files. | |
736 | * GroupLens:: Getting predictions on what you like to read. | |
737 | * Advanced Scoring:: Using logical expressions to build score rules. | |
738 | * Score Decays:: It can be useful to let scores wither away. | |
739 | ||
740 | GroupLens | |
741 | ||
742 | * Using GroupLens:: How to make Gnus use GroupLens. | |
743 | * Rating Articles:: Letting GroupLens know how you rate articles. | |
744 | * Displaying Predictions:: Displaying predictions given by GroupLens. | |
745 | * GroupLens Variables:: Customizing GroupLens. | |
746 | ||
747 | Advanced Scoring | |
748 | ||
749 | * Advanced Scoring Syntax:: A definition. | |
750 | * Advanced Scoring Examples:: What they look like. | |
751 | * Advanced Scoring Tips:: Getting the most out of it. | |
752 | ||
753 | Various | |
754 | ||
755 | * Process/Prefix:: A convention used by many treatment commands. | |
756 | * Interactive:: Making Gnus ask you many questions. | |
757 | * Symbolic Prefixes:: How to supply some Gnus functions with options. | |
758 | * Formatting Variables:: You can specify what buffers should look like. | |
759 | * Windows Configuration:: Configuring the Gnus buffer windows. | |
760 | * Faces and Fonts:: How to change how faces look. | |
761 | * Compilation:: How to speed Gnus up. | |
762 | * Mode Lines:: Displaying information in the mode lines. | |
763 | * Highlighting and Menus:: Making buffers look all nice and cozy. | |
f5d4cd5e | 764 | * Buttons:: Get tendinitis in ten easy steps! |
2625a8f7 GM |
765 | * Daemons:: Gnus can do things behind your back. |
766 | * NoCeM:: How to avoid spam and other fatty foods. | |
767 | * Undo:: Some actions can be undone. | |
768 | * Moderation:: What to do if you're a moderator. | |
769 | * XEmacs Enhancements:: There are more pictures and stuff under XEmacs. | |
770 | * Fuzzy Matching:: What's the big fuzz? | |
771 | * Thwarting Email Spam:: A how-to on avoiding unsolicited commercial email. | |
772 | * Various Various:: Things that are really various. | |
773 | ||
774 | Formatting Variables | |
775 | ||
776 | * Formatting Basics:: A formatting variable is basically a format string. | |
777 | * Mode Line Formatting:: Some rules about mode line formatting variables. | |
778 | * Advanced Formatting:: Modifying output in various ways. | |
779 | * User-Defined Specs:: Having Gnus call your own functions. | |
780 | * Formatting Fonts:: Making the formatting look colorful and nice. | |
781 | ||
782 | XEmacs Enhancements | |
783 | ||
784 | * Picons:: How to display pictures of what your reading. | |
785 | * Smileys:: Show all those happy faces the way they were meant to be shown. | |
786 | * Toolbar:: Click'n'drool. | |
787 | * XVarious:: Other XEmacsy Gnusey variables. | |
788 | ||
789 | Picons | |
790 | ||
791 | * Picon Basics:: What are picons and How do I get them. | |
792 | * Picon Requirements:: Don't go further if you aren't using XEmacs. | |
793 | * Easy Picons:: Displaying Picons---the easy way. | |
794 | * Hard Picons:: The way you should do it. You'll learn something. | |
795 | * Picon Useless Configuration:: Other variables you can trash/tweak/munge/play with. | |
796 | ||
797 | Appendices | |
798 | ||
799 | * History:: How Gnus got where it is today. | |
800 | * On Writing Manuals:: Why this is not a beginner's guide. | |
801 | * Terminology:: We use really difficult, like, words here. | |
802 | * Customization:: Tailoring Gnus to your needs. | |
803 | * Troubleshooting:: What you might try if things do not work. | |
804 | * Gnus Reference Guide:: Rilly, rilly technical stuff. | |
805 | * Emacs for Heathens:: A short introduction to Emacsian terms. | |
806 | * Frequently Asked Questions:: A question-and-answer session. | |
807 | ||
808 | History | |
809 | ||
810 | * Gnus Versions:: What Gnus versions have been released. | |
811 | * Other Gnus Versions:: Other Gnus versions that also have been released. | |
812 | * Why?:: What's the point of Gnus? | |
813 | * Compatibility:: Just how compatible is Gnus with @sc{gnus}? | |
814 | * Conformity:: Gnus tries to conform to all standards. | |
815 | * Emacsen:: Gnus can be run on a few modern Emacsen. | |
816 | * Gnus Development:: How Gnus is developed. | |
817 | * Contributors:: Oodles of people. | |
818 | * New Features:: Pointers to some of the new stuff in Gnus. | |
819 | * Newest Features:: Features so new that they haven't been written yet. | |
820 | ||
821 | New Features | |
822 | ||
823 | * ding Gnus:: New things in Gnus 5.0/5.1, the first new Gnus. | |
824 | * September Gnus:: The Thing Formally Known As Gnus 5.3/5.3. | |
825 | * Red Gnus:: Third time best---Gnus 5.4/5.5. | |
826 | * Quassia Gnus:: Two times two is four, or Gnus 5.6/5.7. | |
827 | ||
828 | Customization | |
829 | ||
830 | * Slow/Expensive Connection:: You run a local Emacs and get the news elsewhere. | |
831 | * Slow Terminal Connection:: You run a remote Emacs. | |
832 | * Little Disk Space:: You feel that having large setup files is icky. | |
833 | * Slow Machine:: You feel like buying a faster machine. | |
834 | ||
835 | Gnus Reference Guide | |
836 | ||
837 | * Gnus Utility Functions:: Common functions and variable to use. | |
838 | * Backend Interface:: How Gnus communicates with the servers. | |
839 | * Score File Syntax:: A BNF definition of the score file standard. | |
840 | * Headers:: How Gnus stores headers internally. | |
841 | * Ranges:: A handy format for storing mucho numbers. | |
842 | * Group Info:: The group info format. | |
843 | * Extended Interactive:: Symbolic prefixes and stuff. | |
844 | * Emacs/XEmacs Code:: Gnus can be run under all modern Emacsen. | |
845 | * Various File Formats:: Formats of files that Gnus use. | |
846 | ||
847 | Backend Interface | |
848 | ||
849 | * Required Backend Functions:: Functions that must be implemented. | |
850 | * Optional Backend Functions:: Functions that need not be implemented. | |
851 | * Error Messaging:: How to get messages and report errors. | |
852 | * Writing New Backends:: Extending old backends. | |
853 | * Hooking New Backends Into Gnus:: What has to be done on the Gnus end. | |
854 | * Mail-like Backends:: Some tips on mail backends. | |
855 | ||
856 | Various File Formats | |
857 | ||
858 | * Active File Format:: Information on articles and groups available. | |
859 | * Newsgroups File Format:: Group descriptions. | |
860 | ||
861 | Emacs for Heathens | |
862 | ||
863 | * Keystrokes:: Entering text and executing commands. | |
864 | * Emacs Lisp:: The built-in Emacs programming language. | |
865 | ||
866 | @end detailmenu | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
867 | @end menu |
868 | ||
869 | @node Starting Up | |
870 | @chapter Starting Gnus | |
871 | @cindex starting up | |
872 | ||
873 | @kindex M-x gnus | |
874 | @findex gnus | |
875 | If your system administrator has set things up properly, starting Gnus | |
876 | and reading news is extremely easy---you just type @kbd{M-x gnus} in | |
877 | your Emacs. | |
878 | ||
879 | @findex gnus-other-frame | |
880 | @kindex M-x gnus-other-frame | |
881 | If you want to start Gnus in a different frame, you can use the command | |
882 | @kbd{M-x gnus-other-frame} instead. | |
883 | ||
884 | If things do not go smoothly at startup, you have to twiddle some | |
885 | variables in your @file{~/.gnus} file. This file is similar to | |
886 | @file{~/.emacs}, but is read when gnus starts. | |
887 | ||
888 | If you puzzle at any terms used in this manual, please refer to the | |
889 | terminology section (@pxref{Terminology}). | |
890 | ||
891 | @menu | |
892 | * Finding the News:: Choosing a method for getting news. | |
893 | * The First Time:: What does Gnus do the first time you start it? | |
894 | * The Server is Down:: How can I read my mail then? | |
895 | * Slave Gnusae:: You can have more than one Gnus active at a time. | |
896 | * Fetching a Group:: Starting Gnus just to read a group. | |
897 | * New Groups:: What is Gnus supposed to do with new groups? | |
898 | * Startup Files:: Those pesky startup files---@file{.newsrc}. | |
899 | * Auto Save:: Recovering from a crash. | |
900 | * The Active File:: Reading the active file over a slow line Takes Time. | |
901 | * Changing Servers:: You may want to move from one server to another. | |
902 | * Startup Variables:: Other variables you might change. | |
903 | @end menu | |
904 | ||
905 | ||
906 | @node Finding the News | |
907 | @section Finding the News | |
908 | @cindex finding news | |
909 | ||
910 | @vindex gnus-select-method | |
911 | @c @head | |
912 | The @code{gnus-select-method} variable says where Gnus should look for | |
913 | news. This variable should be a list where the first element says | |
914 | @dfn{how} and the second element says @dfn{where}. This method is your | |
915 | native method. All groups not fetched with this method are | |
916 | foreign groups. | |
917 | ||
918 | For instance, if the @samp{news.somewhere.edu} @sc{nntp} server is where | |
919 | you want to get your daily dosage of news from, you'd say: | |
920 | ||
921 | @lisp | |
922 | (setq gnus-select-method '(nntp "news.somewhere.edu")) | |
923 | @end lisp | |
924 | ||
925 | If you want to read directly from the local spool, say: | |
926 | ||
927 | @lisp | |
928 | (setq gnus-select-method '(nnspool "")) | |
929 | @end lisp | |
930 | ||
931 | If you can use a local spool, you probably should, as it will almost | |
932 | certainly be much faster. | |
933 | ||
934 | @vindex gnus-nntpserver-file | |
935 | @cindex NNTPSERVER | |
936 | @cindex @sc{nntp} server | |
937 | If this variable is not set, Gnus will take a look at the | |
938 | @code{NNTPSERVER} environment variable. If that variable isn't set, | |
939 | Gnus will see whether @code{gnus-nntpserver-file} | |
940 | (@file{/etc/nntpserver} by default) has any opinions on the matter. If | |
941 | that fails as well, Gnus will try to use the machine running Emacs as an @sc{nntp} server. That's a long shot, though. | |
942 | ||
943 | @vindex gnus-nntp-server | |
944 | If @code{gnus-nntp-server} is set, this variable will override | |
945 | @code{gnus-select-method}. You should therefore set | |
946 | @code{gnus-nntp-server} to @code{nil}, which is what it is by default. | |
947 | ||
948 | @vindex gnus-secondary-servers | |
2625a8f7 | 949 | @vindex gnus-nntp-server |
6bf7aab6 DL |
950 | You can also make Gnus prompt you interactively for the name of an |
951 | @sc{nntp} server. If you give a non-numerical prefix to @code{gnus} | |
952 | (i.e., @kbd{C-u M-x gnus}), Gnus will let you choose between the servers | |
953 | in the @code{gnus-secondary-servers} list (if any). You can also just | |
2625a8f7 GM |
954 | type in the name of any server you feel like visiting. (Note that this |
955 | will set @code{gnus-nntp-server}, which means that if you then @kbd{M-x | |
956 | gnus} later in the same Emacs session, Gnus will contact the same | |
957 | server.) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
958 | |
959 | @findex gnus-group-browse-foreign-server | |
960 | @kindex B (Group) | |
961 | However, if you use one @sc{nntp} server regularly and are just | |
962 | interested in a couple of groups from a different server, you would be | |
963 | better served by using the @kbd{B} command in the group buffer. It will | |
964 | let you have a look at what groups are available, and you can subscribe | |
965 | to any of the groups you want to. This also makes @file{.newsrc} | |
966 | maintenance much tidier. @xref{Foreign Groups}. | |
967 | ||
968 | @vindex gnus-secondary-select-methods | |
969 | @c @head | |
970 | A slightly different approach to foreign groups is to set the | |
971 | @code{gnus-secondary-select-methods} variable. The select methods | |
972 | listed in this variable are in many ways just as native as the | |
973 | @code{gnus-select-method} server. They will also be queried for active | |
974 | files during startup (if that's required), and new newsgroups that | |
975 | appear on these servers will be subscribed (or not) just as native | |
976 | groups are. | |
977 | ||
978 | For instance, if you use the @code{nnmbox} backend to read your mail, you | |
979 | would typically set this variable to | |
980 | ||
981 | @lisp | |
982 | (setq gnus-secondary-select-methods '((nnmbox ""))) | |
983 | @end lisp | |
984 | ||
985 | ||
986 | @node The First Time | |
987 | @section The First Time | |
988 | @cindex first time usage | |
989 | ||
990 | If no startup files exist, Gnus will try to determine what groups should | |
991 | be subscribed by default. | |
992 | ||
993 | @vindex gnus-default-subscribed-newsgroups | |
994 | If the variable @code{gnus-default-subscribed-newsgroups} is set, Gnus | |
995 | will subscribe you to just those groups in that list, leaving the rest | |
996 | killed. Your system administrator should have set this variable to | |
997 | something useful. | |
998 | ||
999 | Since she hasn't, Gnus will just subscribe you to a few arbitrarily | |
1000 | picked groups (i.e., @samp{*.newusers}). (@dfn{Arbitrary} is defined | |
1001 | here as @dfn{whatever Lars thinks you should read}.) | |
1002 | ||
1003 | You'll also be subscribed to the Gnus documentation group, which should | |
1004 | help you with most common problems. | |
1005 | ||
1006 | If @code{gnus-default-subscribed-newsgroups} is @code{t}, Gnus will just | |
1007 | use the normal functions for handling new groups, and not do anything | |
1008 | special. | |
1009 | ||
1010 | ||
1011 | @node The Server is Down | |
1012 | @section The Server is Down | |
1013 | @cindex server errors | |
1014 | ||
1015 | If the default server is down, Gnus will understandably have some | |
1016 | problems starting. However, if you have some mail groups in addition to | |
1017 | the news groups, you may want to start Gnus anyway. | |
1018 | ||
1019 | Gnus, being the trusting sort of program, will ask whether to proceed | |
1020 | without a native select method if that server can't be contacted. This | |
1021 | will happen whether the server doesn't actually exist (i.e., you have | |
1022 | given the wrong address) or the server has just momentarily taken ill | |
1023 | for some reason or other. If you decide to continue and have no foreign | |
1024 | groups, you'll find it difficult to actually do anything in the group | |
1025 | buffer. But, hey, that's your problem. Blllrph! | |
1026 | ||
1027 | @findex gnus-no-server | |
1028 | @kindex M-x gnus-no-server | |
1029 | @c @head | |
1030 | If you know that the server is definitely down, or you just want to read | |
1031 | your mail without bothering with the server at all, you can use the | |
1032 | @code{gnus-no-server} command to start Gnus. That might come in handy | |
1033 | if you're in a hurry as well. This command will not attempt to contact | |
1034 | your primary server---instead, it will just activate all groups on level | |
1035 | 1 and 2. (You should preferably keep no native groups on those two | |
1036 | levels.) | |
1037 | ||
1038 | ||
1039 | @node Slave Gnusae | |
1040 | @section Slave Gnusae | |
1041 | @cindex slave | |
1042 | ||
1043 | You might want to run more than one Emacs with more than one Gnus at the | |
1044 | same time. If you are using different @file{.newsrc} files (e.g., if you | |
1045 | are using the two different Gnusae to read from two different servers), | |
1046 | that is no problem whatsoever. You just do it. | |
1047 | ||
1048 | The problem appears when you want to run two Gnusae that use the same | |
1049 | @code{.newsrc} file. | |
1050 | ||
1051 | To work around that problem some, we here at the Think-Tank at the Gnus | |
1052 | Towers have come up with a new concept: @dfn{Masters} and | |
1053 | @dfn{slaves}. (We have applied for a patent on this concept, and have | |
1054 | taken out a copyright on those words. If you wish to use those words in | |
1055 | conjunction with each other, you have to send $1 per usage instance to | |
1056 | me. Usage of the patent (@dfn{Master/Slave Relationships In Computer | |
1057 | Applications}) will be much more expensive, of course.) | |
1058 | ||
f5d4cd5e | 1059 | Anyway, you start one Gnus up the normal way with @kbd{M-x gnus} (or |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1060 | however you do it). Each subsequent slave Gnusae should be started with |
1061 | @kbd{M-x gnus-slave}. These slaves won't save normal @file{.newsrc} | |
1062 | files, but instead save @dfn{slave files} that contain information only | |
1063 | on what groups have been read in the slave session. When a master Gnus | |
1064 | starts, it will read (and delete) these slave files, incorporating all | |
1065 | information from them. (The slave files will be read in the sequence | |
1066 | they were created, so the latest changes will have precedence.) | |
1067 | ||
1068 | Information from the slave files has, of course, precedence over the | |
1069 | information in the normal (i.e., master) @code{.newsrc} file. | |
1070 | ||
1071 | ||
1072 | @node Fetching a Group | |
1073 | @section Fetching a Group | |
1074 | @cindex fetching a group | |
1075 | ||
1076 | @findex gnus-fetch-group | |
1077 | It is sometimes convenient to be able to just say ``I want to read this | |
1078 | group and I don't care whether Gnus has been started or not''. This is | |
1079 | perhaps more useful for people who write code than for users, but the | |
1080 | command @code{gnus-fetch-group} provides this functionality in any case. | |
1081 | It takes the group name as a parameter. | |
1082 | ||
1083 | ||
1084 | @node New Groups | |
1085 | @section New Groups | |
1086 | @cindex new groups | |
1087 | @cindex subscription | |
1088 | ||
1089 | @vindex gnus-check-new-newsgroups | |
1090 | If you are satisfied that you really never want to see any new groups, | |
1091 | you can set @code{gnus-check-new-newsgroups} to @code{nil}. This will | |
1092 | also save you some time at startup. Even if this variable is | |
1093 | @code{nil}, you can always subscribe to the new groups just by pressing | |
1094 | @kbd{U} in the group buffer (@pxref{Group Maintenance}). This variable | |
1095 | is @code{ask-server} by default. If you set this variable to | |
1096 | @code{always}, then Gnus will query the backends for new groups even | |
1097 | when you do the @kbd{g} command (@pxref{Scanning New Messages}). | |
1098 | ||
1099 | @menu | |
1100 | * Checking New Groups:: Determining what groups are new. | |
1101 | * Subscription Methods:: What Gnus should do with new groups. | |
1102 | * Filtering New Groups:: Making Gnus ignore certain new groups. | |
1103 | @end menu | |
1104 | ||
1105 | ||
1106 | @node Checking New Groups | |
1107 | @subsection Checking New Groups | |
1108 | ||
1109 | Gnus normally determines whether a group is new or not by comparing the | |
1110 | list of groups from the active file(s) with the lists of subscribed and | |
1111 | dead groups. This isn't a particularly fast method. If | |
1112 | @code{gnus-check-new-newsgroups} is @code{ask-server}, Gnus will ask the | |
1113 | server for new groups since the last time. This is both faster and | |
1114 | cheaper. This also means that you can get rid of the list of killed | |
1115 | groups altogether, so you may set @code{gnus-save-killed-list} to | |
1116 | @code{nil}, which will save time both at startup, at exit, and all over. | |
1117 | Saves disk space, too. Why isn't this the default, then? | |
1118 | Unfortunately, not all servers support this command. | |
1119 | ||
1120 | I bet I know what you're thinking now: How do I find out whether my | |
1121 | server supports @code{ask-server}? No? Good, because I don't have a | |
1122 | fail-safe answer. I would suggest just setting this variable to | |
1123 | @code{ask-server} and see whether any new groups appear within the next | |
1124 | few days. If any do, then it works. If none do, then it doesn't | |
1125 | work. I could write a function to make Gnus guess whether the server | |
1126 | supports @code{ask-server}, but it would just be a guess. So I won't. | |
1127 | You could @code{telnet} to the server and say @code{HELP} and see | |
1128 | whether it lists @samp{NEWGROUPS} among the commands it understands. If | |
1129 | it does, then it might work. (But there are servers that lists | |
1130 | @samp{NEWGROUPS} without supporting the function properly.) | |
1131 | ||
1132 | This variable can also be a list of select methods. If so, Gnus will | |
1133 | issue an @code{ask-server} command to each of the select methods, and | |
1134 | subscribe them (or not) using the normal methods. This might be handy | |
1135 | if you are monitoring a few servers for new groups. A side effect is | |
1136 | that startup will take much longer, so you can meditate while waiting. | |
1137 | Use the mantra ``dingnusdingnusdingnus'' to achieve permanent bliss. | |
1138 | ||
1139 | ||
1140 | @node Subscription Methods | |
1141 | @subsection Subscription Methods | |
1142 | ||
1143 | @vindex gnus-subscribe-newsgroup-method | |
1144 | What Gnus does when it encounters a new group is determined by the | |
1145 | @code{gnus-subscribe-newsgroup-method} variable. | |
1146 | ||
1147 | This variable should contain a function. This function will be called | |
1148 | with the name of the new group as the only parameter. | |
1149 | ||
1150 | Some handy pre-fab functions are: | |
1151 | ||
1152 | @table @code | |
1153 | ||
1154 | @item gnus-subscribe-zombies | |
1155 | @vindex gnus-subscribe-zombies | |
1156 | Make all new groups zombies. This is the default. You can browse the | |
1157 | zombies later (with @kbd{A z}) and either kill them all off properly | |
1158 | (with @kbd{S z}), or subscribe to them (with @kbd{u}). | |
1159 | ||
1160 | @item gnus-subscribe-randomly | |
1161 | @vindex gnus-subscribe-randomly | |
1162 | Subscribe all new groups in arbitrary order. This really means that all | |
1163 | new groups will be added at ``the top'' of the group buffer. | |
1164 | ||
1165 | @item gnus-subscribe-alphabetically | |
1166 | @vindex gnus-subscribe-alphabetically | |
1167 | Subscribe all new groups in alphabetical order. | |
1168 | ||
1169 | @item gnus-subscribe-hierarchically | |
1170 | @vindex gnus-subscribe-hierarchically | |
1171 | Subscribe all new groups hierarchically. The difference between this | |
1172 | function and @code{gnus-subscribe-alphabetically} is slight. | |
1173 | @code{gnus-subscribe-alphabetically} will subscribe new groups in a strictly | |
2625a8f7 | 1174 | alphabetical fashion, while this function will enter groups into its |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1175 | hierarchy. So if you want to have the @samp{rec} hierarchy before the |
1176 | @samp{comp} hierarchy, this function will not mess that configuration | |
1177 | up. Or something like that. | |
1178 | ||
1179 | @item gnus-subscribe-interactively | |
1180 | @vindex gnus-subscribe-interactively | |
1181 | Subscribe new groups interactively. This means that Gnus will ask | |
1182 | you about @strong{all} new groups. The groups you choose to subscribe | |
1183 | to will be subscribed hierarchically. | |
1184 | ||
1185 | @item gnus-subscribe-killed | |
1186 | @vindex gnus-subscribe-killed | |
1187 | Kill all new groups. | |
1188 | ||
2625a8f7 GM |
1189 | @item gnus-subscribe-topics |
1190 | @vindex gnus-subscribe-topics | |
1191 | Put the groups into the topic that has a matching @code{subscribe} topic | |
1192 | parameter (@pxref{Topic Parameters}). For instance, a @code{subscribe} | |
1193 | topic parameter that looks like | |
1194 | ||
1195 | @example | |
1196 | "nnslashdot" | |
1197 | @end example | |
1198 | ||
1199 | will mean that all groups that match that regex will be subscribed under | |
1200 | that topic. | |
1201 | ||
1202 | If no topics match the groups, the groups will be subscribed in the | |
1203 | top-level topic. | |
1204 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
1205 | @end table |
1206 | ||
1207 | @vindex gnus-subscribe-hierarchical-interactive | |
1208 | A closely related variable is | |
1209 | @code{gnus-subscribe-hierarchical-interactive}. (That's quite a | |
1210 | mouthful.) If this variable is non-@code{nil}, Gnus will ask you in a | |
1211 | hierarchical fashion whether to subscribe to new groups or not. Gnus | |
1212 | will ask you for each sub-hierarchy whether you want to descend the | |
1213 | hierarchy or not. | |
1214 | ||
1215 | One common mistake is to set the variable a few paragraphs above | |
1216 | (@code{gnus-subscribe-newsgroup-method}) to | |
1217 | @code{gnus-subscribe-hierarchical-interactive}. This is an error. This | |
1218 | will not work. This is ga-ga. So don't do it. | |
1219 | ||
1220 | ||
1221 | @node Filtering New Groups | |
1222 | @subsection Filtering New Groups | |
1223 | ||
1224 | A nice and portable way to control which new newsgroups should be | |
1225 | subscribed (or ignored) is to put an @dfn{options} line at the start of | |
1226 | the @file{.newsrc} file. Here's an example: | |
1227 | ||
1228 | @example | |
1229 | options -n !alt.all !rec.all sci.all | |
1230 | @end example | |
1231 | ||
1232 | @vindex gnus-subscribe-options-newsgroup-method | |
1233 | This line obviously belongs to a serious-minded intellectual scientific | |
1234 | person (or she may just be plain old boring), because it says that all | |
1235 | groups that have names beginning with @samp{alt} and @samp{rec} should | |
1236 | be ignored, and all groups with names beginning with @samp{sci} should | |
1237 | be subscribed. Gnus will not use the normal subscription method for | |
1238 | subscribing these groups. | |
1239 | @code{gnus-subscribe-options-newsgroup-method} is used instead. This | |
1240 | variable defaults to @code{gnus-subscribe-alphabetically}. | |
1241 | ||
1242 | @vindex gnus-options-not-subscribe | |
1243 | @vindex gnus-options-subscribe | |
1244 | If you don't want to mess with your @file{.newsrc} file, you can just | |
1245 | set the two variables @code{gnus-options-subscribe} and | |
1246 | @code{gnus-options-not-subscribe}. These two variables do exactly the | |
1247 | same as the @file{.newsrc} @samp{options -n} trick. Both are regexps, | |
1248 | and if the new group matches the former, it will be unconditionally | |
1249 | subscribed, and if it matches the latter, it will be ignored. | |
1250 | ||
1251 | @vindex gnus-auto-subscribed-groups | |
1252 | Yet another variable that meddles here is | |
1253 | @code{gnus-auto-subscribed-groups}. It works exactly like | |
1254 | @code{gnus-options-subscribe}, and is therefore really superfluous, but I | |
1255 | thought it would be nice to have two of these. This variable is more | |
1256 | meant for setting some ground rules, while the other variable is used | |
1257 | more for user fiddling. By default this variable makes all new groups | |
1258 | that come from mail backends (@code{nnml}, @code{nnbabyl}, | |
1259 | @code{nnfolder}, @code{nnmbox}, and @code{nnmh}) subscribed. If you | |
1260 | don't like that, just set this variable to @code{nil}. | |
1261 | ||
1262 | New groups that match this regexp are subscribed using | |
1263 | @code{gnus-subscribe-options-newsgroup-method}. | |
1264 | ||
1265 | ||
1266 | @node Changing Servers | |
1267 | @section Changing Servers | |
1268 | @cindex changing servers | |
1269 | ||
1270 | Sometimes it is necessary to move from one @sc{nntp} server to another. | |
1271 | This happens very rarely, but perhaps you change jobs, or one server is | |
1272 | very flaky and you want to use another. | |
1273 | ||
1274 | Changing the server is pretty easy, right? You just change | |
1275 | @code{gnus-select-method} to point to the new server? | |
1276 | ||
1277 | @emph{Wrong!} | |
1278 | ||
1279 | Article numbers are not (in any way) kept synchronized between different | |
1280 | @sc{nntp} servers, and the only way Gnus keeps track of what articles | |
1281 | you have read is by keeping track of article numbers. So when you | |
1282 | change @code{gnus-select-method}, your @file{.newsrc} file becomes | |
1283 | worthless. | |
1284 | ||
1285 | Gnus provides a few functions to attempt to translate a @file{.newsrc} | |
1286 | file from one server to another. They all have one thing in | |
1287 | common---they take a looong time to run. You don't want to use these | |
1288 | functions more than absolutely necessary. | |
1289 | ||
1290 | @kindex M-x gnus-change-server | |
1291 | @findex gnus-change-server | |
1292 | If you have access to both servers, Gnus can request the headers for all | |
1293 | the articles you have read and compare @code{Message-ID}s and map the | |
1294 | article numbers of the read articles and article marks. The @kbd{M-x | |
1295 | gnus-change-server} command will do this for all your native groups. It | |
1296 | will prompt for the method you want to move to. | |
1297 | ||
1298 | @kindex M-x gnus-group-move-group-to-server | |
1299 | @findex gnus-group-move-group-to-server | |
1300 | You can also move individual groups with the @kbd{M-x | |
1301 | gnus-group-move-group-to-server} command. This is useful if you want to | |
1302 | move a (foreign) group from one server to another. | |
1303 | ||
1304 | @kindex M-x gnus-group-clear-data-on-native-groups | |
1305 | @findex gnus-group-clear-data-on-native-groups | |
1306 | If you don't have access to both the old and new server, all your marks | |
1307 | and read ranges have become worthless. You can use the @kbd{M-x | |
1308 | gnus-group-clear-data-on-native-groups} command to clear out all data | |
1309 | that you have on your native groups. Use with caution. | |
1310 | ||
2625a8f7 GM |
1311 | After changing servers, you @strong{must} move the cache hierarchy away, |
1312 | since the cached articles will have wrong article numbers, which will | |
1313 | affect which articles Gnus thinks are read. | |
1314 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
1315 | |
1316 | @node Startup Files | |
1317 | @section Startup Files | |
1318 | @cindex startup files | |
1319 | @cindex .newsrc | |
1320 | @cindex .newsrc.el | |
1321 | @cindex .newsrc.eld | |
1322 | ||
1323 | Now, you all know about the @file{.newsrc} file. All subscription | |
1324 | information is traditionally stored in this file. | |
1325 | ||
1326 | Things got a bit more complicated with @sc{gnus}. In addition to | |
1327 | keeping the @file{.newsrc} file updated, it also used a file called | |
1328 | @file{.newsrc.el} for storing all the information that didn't fit into | |
1329 | the @file{.newsrc} file. (Actually, it also duplicated everything in | |
1330 | the @file{.newsrc} file.) @sc{gnus} would read whichever one of these | |
1331 | files was the most recently saved, which enabled people to swap between | |
1332 | @sc{gnus} and other newsreaders. | |
1333 | ||
1334 | That was kinda silly, so Gnus went one better: In addition to the | |
1335 | @file{.newsrc} and @file{.newsrc.el} files, Gnus also has a file called | |
1336 | @file{.newsrc.eld}. It will read whichever of these files that are most | |
1337 | recent, but it will never write a @file{.newsrc.el} file. You should | |
1338 | never delete the @file{.newsrc.eld} file---it contains much information | |
1339 | not stored in the @file{.newsrc} file. | |
1340 | ||
1341 | @vindex gnus-save-newsrc-file | |
2625a8f7 | 1342 | @vindex gnus-read-newsrc-file |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1343 | You can turn off writing the @file{.newsrc} file by setting |
1344 | @code{gnus-save-newsrc-file} to @code{nil}, which means you can delete | |
1345 | the file and save some space, as well as exiting from Gnus faster. | |
1346 | However, this will make it impossible to use other newsreaders than | |
2625a8f7 GM |
1347 | Gnus. But hey, who would want to, right? Similarly, setting |
1348 | @code{gnus-read-newsrc-file} to @code{nil} makes Gnus ignore the | |
1349 | @file{.newsrc} file and any @file{.newsrc-SERVER} files, which is | |
1350 | convenient if you have a tendency to use Netscape once in a while. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1351 | |
1352 | @vindex gnus-save-killed-list | |
1353 | If @code{gnus-save-killed-list} (default @code{t}) is @code{nil}, Gnus | |
1354 | will not save the list of killed groups to the startup file. This will | |
1355 | save both time (when starting and quitting) and space (on disk). It | |
1356 | will also mean that Gnus has no record of what groups are new or old, | |
1357 | so the automatic new groups subscription methods become meaningless. | |
1358 | You should always set @code{gnus-check-new-newsgroups} to @code{nil} or | |
1359 | @code{ask-server} if you set this variable to @code{nil} (@pxref{New | |
1360 | Groups}). This variable can also be a regular expression. If that's | |
1361 | the case, remove all groups that do not match this regexp before | |
1362 | saving. This can be useful in certain obscure situations that involve | |
1363 | several servers where not all servers support @code{ask-server}. | |
1364 | ||
1365 | @vindex gnus-startup-file | |
1366 | The @code{gnus-startup-file} variable says where the startup files are. | |
1367 | The default value is @file{~/.newsrc}, with the Gnus (El Dingo) startup | |
1368 | file being whatever that one is, with a @samp{.eld} appended. | |
1369 | ||
1370 | @vindex gnus-save-newsrc-hook | |
1371 | @vindex gnus-save-quick-newsrc-hook | |
1372 | @vindex gnus-save-standard-newsrc-hook | |
1373 | @code{gnus-save-newsrc-hook} is called before saving any of the newsrc | |
1374 | files, while @code{gnus-save-quick-newsrc-hook} is called just before | |
1375 | saving the @file{.newsrc.eld} file, and | |
1376 | @code{gnus-save-standard-newsrc-hook} is called just before saving the | |
1377 | @file{.newsrc} file. The latter two are commonly used to turn version | |
1378 | control on or off. Version control is on by default when saving the | |
1379 | startup files. If you want to turn backup creation off, say something like: | |
1380 | ||
1381 | @lisp | |
1382 | (defun turn-off-backup () | |
1383 | (set (make-local-variable 'backup-inhibited) t)) | |
1384 | ||
1385 | (add-hook 'gnus-save-quick-newsrc-hook 'turn-off-backup) | |
1386 | (add-hook 'gnus-save-standard-newsrc-hook 'turn-off-backup) | |
1387 | @end lisp | |
1388 | ||
1389 | @vindex gnus-init-file | |
1390 | When Gnus starts, it will read the @code{gnus-site-init-file} | |
1391 | (@file{.../site-lisp/gnus} by default) and @code{gnus-init-file} | |
1392 | (@file{~/.gnus} by default) files. These are normal Emacs Lisp files | |
1393 | and can be used to avoid cluttering your @file{~/.emacs} and | |
1394 | @file{site-init} files with Gnus stuff. Gnus will also check for files | |
1395 | with the same names as these, but with @file{.elc} and @file{.el} | |
1396 | suffixes. In other words, if you have set @code{gnus-init-file} to | |
1397 | @file{~/.gnus}, it will look for @file{~/.gnus.elc}, @file{~/.gnus.el}, | |
1398 | and finally @file{~/.gnus} (in this order). | |
1399 | ||
1400 | ||
1401 | ||
1402 | @node Auto Save | |
1403 | @section Auto Save | |
1404 | @cindex dribble file | |
1405 | @cindex auto-save | |
1406 | ||
1407 | Whenever you do something that changes the Gnus data (reading articles, | |
1408 | catching up, killing/subscribing groups), the change is added to a | |
1409 | special @dfn{dribble buffer}. This buffer is auto-saved the normal | |
1410 | Emacs way. If your Emacs should crash before you have saved the | |
1411 | @file{.newsrc} files, all changes you have made can be recovered from | |
1412 | this file. | |
1413 | ||
1414 | If Gnus detects this file at startup, it will ask the user whether to | |
1415 | read it. The auto save file is deleted whenever the real startup file is | |
1416 | saved. | |
1417 | ||
1418 | @vindex gnus-use-dribble-file | |
1419 | If @code{gnus-use-dribble-file} is @code{nil}, Gnus won't create and | |
1420 | maintain a dribble buffer. The default is @code{t}. | |
1421 | ||
1422 | @vindex gnus-dribble-directory | |
1423 | Gnus will put the dribble file(s) in @code{gnus-dribble-directory}. If | |
1424 | this variable is @code{nil}, which it is by default, Gnus will dribble | |
1425 | into the directory where the @file{.newsrc} file is located. (This is | |
1426 | normally the user's home directory.) The dribble file will get the same | |
1427 | file permissions as the @code{.newsrc} file. | |
1428 | ||
1429 | @vindex gnus-always-read-dribble-file | |
1430 | If @code{gnus-always-read-dribble-file} is non-@code{nil}, Gnus will | |
1431 | read the dribble file on startup without querying the user. | |
1432 | ||
1433 | ||
1434 | @node The Active File | |
1435 | @section The Active File | |
1436 | @cindex active file | |
1437 | @cindex ignored groups | |
1438 | ||
1439 | When Gnus starts, or indeed whenever it tries to determine whether new | |
1440 | articles have arrived, it reads the active file. This is a very large | |
1441 | file that lists all the active groups and articles on the server. | |
1442 | ||
1443 | @vindex gnus-ignored-newsgroups | |
1444 | Before examining the active file, Gnus deletes all lines that match the | |
1445 | regexp @code{gnus-ignored-newsgroups}. This is done primarily to reject | |
1446 | any groups with bogus names, but you can use this variable to make Gnus | |
1447 | ignore hierarchies you aren't ever interested in. However, this is not | |
1448 | recommended. In fact, it's highly discouraged. Instead, @pxref{New | |
1449 | Groups} for an overview of other variables that can be used instead. | |
1450 | ||
1451 | @c This variable is | |
1452 | @c @code{nil} by default, and will slow down active file handling somewhat | |
1453 | @c if you set it to anything else. | |
1454 | ||
1455 | @vindex gnus-read-active-file | |
1456 | @c @head | |
1457 | The active file can be rather Huge, so if you have a slow network, you | |
1458 | can set @code{gnus-read-active-file} to @code{nil} to prevent Gnus from | |
1459 | reading the active file. This variable is @code{some} by default. | |
1460 | ||
1461 | Gnus will try to make do by getting information just on the groups that | |
1462 | you actually subscribe to. | |
1463 | ||
1464 | Note that if you subscribe to lots and lots of groups, setting this | |
1465 | variable to @code{nil} will probably make Gnus slower, not faster. At | |
1466 | present, having this variable @code{nil} will slow Gnus down | |
1467 | considerably, unless you read news over a 2400 baud modem. | |
1468 | ||
1469 | This variable can also have the value @code{some}. Gnus will then | |
1470 | attempt to read active info only on the subscribed groups. On some | |
1471 | servers this is quite fast (on sparkling, brand new INN servers that | |
1472 | support the @code{LIST ACTIVE group} command), on others this isn't fast | |
1473 | at all. In any case, @code{some} should be faster than @code{nil}, and | |
1474 | is certainly faster than @code{t} over slow lines. | |
1475 | ||
2625a8f7 GM |
1476 | Some news servers (Leafnode and old versions of INN, for instance) do |
1477 | not support the @code{LIST ACTIVE group}. For these servers, @code{nil} | |
1478 | is probably the most efficient value for this variable. | |
1479 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
1480 | If this variable is @code{nil}, Gnus will ask for group info in total |
1481 | lock-step, which isn't very fast. If it is @code{some} and you use an | |
1482 | @sc{nntp} server, Gnus will pump out commands as fast as it can, and | |
1483 | read all the replies in one swoop. This will normally result in better | |
1484 | performance, but if the server does not support the aforementioned | |
1485 | @code{LIST ACTIVE group} command, this isn't very nice to the server. | |
1486 | ||
2625a8f7 GM |
1487 | If you think that starting up Gnus takes too long, try all the three |
1488 | different values for this variable and see what works best for you. | |
1489 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
1490 | In any case, if you use @code{some} or @code{nil}, you should definitely |
1491 | kill all groups that you aren't interested in to speed things up. | |
1492 | ||
1493 | Note that this variable also affects active file retrieval from | |
1494 | secondary select methods. | |
1495 | ||
1496 | ||
1497 | @node Startup Variables | |
1498 | @section Startup Variables | |
1499 | ||
1500 | @table @code | |
1501 | ||
1502 | @item gnus-load-hook | |
1503 | @vindex gnus-load-hook | |
1504 | A hook run while Gnus is being loaded. Note that this hook will | |
1505 | normally be run just once in each Emacs session, no matter how many | |
1506 | times you start Gnus. | |
1507 | ||
1508 | @item gnus-before-startup-hook | |
1509 | @vindex gnus-before-startup-hook | |
1510 | A hook run after starting up Gnus successfully. | |
1511 | ||
1512 | @item gnus-startup-hook | |
1513 | @vindex gnus-startup-hook | |
1514 | A hook run as the very last thing after starting up Gnus | |
1515 | ||
1516 | @item gnus-started-hook | |
1517 | @vindex gnus-started-hook | |
1518 | A hook that is run as the very last thing after starting up Gnus | |
1519 | successfully. | |
1520 | ||
2625a8f7 GM |
1521 | @item gnus-setup-news-hook |
1522 | @vindex gnus-setup-news-hook | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1523 | A hook that is run after reading the @file{.newsrc} file(s), but before |
1524 | generating the group buffer. | |
1525 | ||
1526 | @item gnus-check-bogus-newsgroups | |
1527 | @vindex gnus-check-bogus-newsgroups | |
1528 | If non-@code{nil}, Gnus will check for and delete all bogus groups at | |
1529 | startup. A @dfn{bogus group} is a group that you have in your | |
1530 | @file{.newsrc} file, but doesn't exist on the news server. Checking for | |
1531 | bogus groups can take quite a while, so to save time and resources it's | |
1532 | best to leave this option off, and do the checking for bogus groups once | |
1533 | in a while from the group buffer instead (@pxref{Group Maintenance}). | |
1534 | ||
1535 | @item gnus-inhibit-startup-message | |
1536 | @vindex gnus-inhibit-startup-message | |
1537 | If non-@code{nil}, the startup message won't be displayed. That way, | |
1538 | your boss might not notice as easily that you are reading news instead | |
1539 | of doing your job. Note that this variable is used before | |
1540 | @file{.gnus.el} is loaded, so it should be set in @code{.emacs} instead. | |
1541 | ||
1542 | @item gnus-no-groups-message | |
1543 | @vindex gnus-no-groups-message | |
1544 | Message displayed by Gnus when no groups are available. | |
1545 | ||
1546 | @item gnus-play-startup-jingle | |
1547 | @vindex gnus-play-startup-jingle | |
1548 | If non-@code{nil}, play the Gnus jingle at startup. | |
1549 | ||
1550 | @item gnus-startup-jingle | |
1551 | @vindex gnus-startup-jingle | |
1552 | Jingle to be played if the above variable is non-@code{nil}. The | |
1553 | default is @samp{Tuxedomoon.Jingle4.au}. | |
1554 | ||
1555 | @end table | |
1556 | ||
1557 | ||
1558 | @node The Group Buffer | |
1559 | @chapter The Group Buffer | |
1560 | @cindex group buffer | |
1561 | ||
1562 | The @dfn{group buffer} lists all (or parts) of the available groups. It | |
1563 | is the first buffer shown when Gnus starts, and will never be killed as | |
1564 | long as Gnus is active. | |
1565 | ||
2625a8f7 GM |
1566 | @iftex |
1567 | @iflatex | |
1568 | \gnusfigure{The Group Buffer}{320}{ | |
1569 | \put(75,50){\epsfig{figure=tmp/group.ps,height=9cm}} | |
1570 | \put(120,37){\makebox(0,0)[t]{Buffer name}} | |
1571 | \put(120,38){\vector(1,2){10}} | |
1572 | \put(40,60){\makebox(0,0)[r]{Mode line}} | |
1573 | \put(40,58){\vector(1,0){30}} | |
1574 | \put(200,28){\makebox(0,0)[t]{Native select method}} | |
1575 | \put(200,26){\vector(-1,2){15}} | |
1576 | } | |
1577 | @end iflatex | |
1578 | @end iftex | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1579 | |
1580 | @menu | |
1581 | * Group Buffer Format:: Information listed and how you can change it. | |
1582 | * Group Maneuvering:: Commands for moving in the group buffer. | |
1583 | * Selecting a Group:: Actually reading news. | |
1584 | * Group Data:: Changing the info for a group. | |
1585 | * Subscription Commands:: Unsubscribing, killing, subscribing. | |
1586 | * Group Levels:: Levels? What are those, then? | |
1587 | * Group Score:: A mechanism for finding out what groups you like. | |
1588 | * Marking Groups:: You can mark groups for later processing. | |
1589 | * Foreign Groups:: Creating and editing groups. | |
1590 | * Group Parameters:: Each group may have different parameters set. | |
1591 | * Listing Groups:: Gnus can list various subsets of the groups. | |
1592 | * Sorting Groups:: Re-arrange the group order. | |
1593 | * Group Maintenance:: Maintaining a tidy @file{.newsrc} file. | |
1594 | * Browse Foreign Server:: You can browse a server. See what it has to offer. | |
1595 | * Exiting Gnus:: Stop reading news and get some work done. | |
1596 | * Group Topics:: A folding group mode divided into topics. | |
1597 | * Misc Group Stuff:: Other stuff that you can to do. | |
1598 | @end menu | |
1599 | ||
1600 | ||
1601 | @node Group Buffer Format | |
1602 | @section Group Buffer Format | |
1603 | ||
1604 | @menu | |
1605 | * Group Line Specification:: Deciding how the group buffer is to look. | |
1606 | * Group Modeline Specification:: The group buffer modeline. | |
1607 | * Group Highlighting:: Having nice colors in the group buffer. | |
1608 | @end menu | |
1609 | ||
1610 | ||
1611 | @node Group Line Specification | |
1612 | @subsection Group Line Specification | |
1613 | @cindex group buffer format | |
1614 | ||
1615 | The default format of the group buffer is nice and dull, but you can | |
1616 | make it as exciting and ugly as you feel like. | |
1617 | ||
1618 | Here's a couple of example group lines: | |
1619 | ||
1620 | @example | |
1621 | 25: news.announce.newusers | |
1622 | * 0: alt.fan.andrea-dworkin | |
1623 | @end example | |
1624 | ||
1625 | Quite simple, huh? | |
1626 | ||
1627 | You can see that there are 25 unread articles in | |
1628 | @samp{news.announce.newusers}. There are no unread articles, but some | |
1629 | ticked articles, in @samp{alt.fan.andrea-dworkin} (see that little | |
1630 | asterisk at the beginning of the line?). | |
1631 | ||
1632 | @vindex gnus-group-line-format | |
1633 | You can change that format to whatever you want by fiddling with the | |
1634 | @code{gnus-group-line-format} variable. This variable works along the | |
1635 | lines of a @code{format} specification, which is pretty much the same as | |
1636 | a @code{printf} specifications, for those of you who use (feh!) C. | |
1637 | @xref{Formatting Variables}. | |
1638 | ||
1639 | @samp{%M%S%5y: %(%g%)\n} is the value that produced those lines above. | |
1640 | ||
1641 | There should always be a colon on the line; the cursor always moves to | |
1642 | the colon after performing an operation. Nothing else is required---not | |
1643 | even the group name. All displayed text is just window dressing, and is | |
1644 | never examined by Gnus. Gnus stores all real information it needs using | |
1645 | text properties. | |
1646 | ||
1647 | (Note that if you make a really strange, wonderful, spreadsheet-like | |
1648 | layout, everybody will believe you are hard at work with the accounting | |
1649 | instead of wasting time reading news.) | |
1650 | ||
1651 | Here's a list of all available format characters: | |
1652 | ||
1653 | @table @samp | |
1654 | ||
1655 | @item M | |
1656 | An asterisk if the group only has marked articles. | |
1657 | ||
1658 | @item S | |
1659 | Whether the group is subscribed. | |
1660 | ||
1661 | @item L | |
1662 | Level of subscribedness. | |
1663 | ||
1664 | @item N | |
1665 | Number of unread articles. | |
1666 | ||
1667 | @item I | |
1668 | Number of dormant articles. | |
1669 | ||
1670 | @item T | |
1671 | Number of ticked articles. | |
1672 | ||
1673 | @item R | |
1674 | Number of read articles. | |
1675 | ||
1676 | @item t | |
1677 | Estimated total number of articles. (This is really @var{max-number} | |
1678 | minus @var{min-number} plus 1.) | |
1679 | ||
1680 | @item y | |
1681 | Number of unread, unticked, non-dormant articles. | |
1682 | ||
1683 | @item i | |
1684 | Number of ticked and dormant articles. | |
1685 | ||
1686 | @item g | |
1687 | Full group name. | |
1688 | ||
1689 | @item G | |
1690 | Group name. | |
1691 | ||
1692 | @item D | |
1693 | Newsgroup description. | |
1694 | ||
1695 | @item o | |
1696 | @samp{m} if moderated. | |
1697 | ||
1698 | @item O | |
1699 | @samp{(m)} if moderated. | |
1700 | ||
1701 | @item s | |
1702 | Select method. | |
1703 | ||
1704 | @item n | |
1705 | Select from where. | |
1706 | ||
1707 | @item z | |
1708 | A string that looks like @samp{<%s:%n>} if a foreign select method is | |
1709 | used. | |
1710 | ||
1711 | @item P | |
1712 | Indentation based on the level of the topic (@pxref{Group Topics}). | |
1713 | ||
1714 | @item c | |
1715 | @vindex gnus-group-uncollapsed-levels | |
1716 | Short (collapsed) group name. The @code{gnus-group-uncollapsed-levels} | |
1717 | variable says how many levels to leave at the end of the group name. | |
1718 | The default is 1---this will mean that group names like | |
2625a8f7 | 1719 | @samp{gnu.emacs.gnus} will be shortened to @samp{g.e.gnus}. |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1720 | |
1721 | @item m | |
1722 | @vindex gnus-new-mail-mark | |
1723 | @cindex % | |
1724 | @samp{%} (@code{gnus-new-mail-mark}) if there has arrived new mail to | |
1725 | the group lately. | |
1726 | ||
dda5808a DL |
1727 | @item p |
1728 | @samp{#} (@code{gnus-process-mark}) if the group is process marked. | |
1729 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
1730 | @item d |
1731 | A string that says when you last read the group (@pxref{Group | |
1732 | Timestamp}). | |
1733 | ||
1734 | @item u | |
1735 | User defined specifier. The next character in the format string should | |
1736 | be a letter. Gnus will call the function | |
1737 | @code{gnus-user-format-function-}@samp{X}, where @samp{X} is the letter | |
1738 | following @samp{%u}. The function will be passed a single dummy | |
1739 | parameter as argument. The function should return a string, which will | |
1740 | be inserted into the buffer just like information from any other | |
1741 | specifier. | |
1742 | @end table | |
1743 | ||
1744 | @cindex * | |
1745 | All the ``number-of'' specs will be filled with an asterisk (@samp{*}) | |
1746 | if no info is available---for instance, if it is a non-activated foreign | |
1747 | group, or a bogus native group. | |
1748 | ||
1749 | ||
1750 | @node Group Modeline Specification | |
1751 | @subsection Group Modeline Specification | |
1752 | @cindex group modeline | |
1753 | ||
1754 | @vindex gnus-group-mode-line-format | |
1755 | The mode line can be changed by setting | |
1756 | @code{gnus-group-mode-line-format} (@pxref{Mode Line Formatting}). It | |
1757 | doesn't understand that many format specifiers: | |
1758 | ||
1759 | @table @samp | |
1760 | @item S | |
1761 | The native news server. | |
1762 | @item M | |
1763 | The native select method. | |
1764 | @end table | |
1765 | ||
1766 | ||
1767 | @node Group Highlighting | |
1768 | @subsection Group Highlighting | |
1769 | @cindex highlighting | |
1770 | @cindex group highlighting | |
1771 | ||
1772 | @vindex gnus-group-highlight | |
1773 | Highlighting in the group buffer is controlled by the | |
1774 | @code{gnus-group-highlight} variable. This is an alist with elements | |
027f547a | 1775 | that look like @code{(@var{form} . @var{face})}. If @var{form} evaluates to |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1776 | something non-@code{nil}, the @var{face} will be used on the line. |
1777 | ||
1778 | Here's an example value for this variable that might look nice if the | |
1779 | background is dark: | |
1780 | ||
1781 | @lisp | |
2625a8f7 GM |
1782 | (cond (window-system |
1783 | (setq custom-background-mode 'light) | |
1784 | (defface my-group-face-1 | |
1785 | '((t (:foreground "Red" :bold t))) "First group face") | |
1786 | (defface my-group-face-2 | |
1787 | '((t (:foreground "DarkSeaGreen4" :bold t))) "Second group face") | |
1788 | (defface my-group-face-3 | |
1789 | '((t (:foreground "Green4" :bold t))) "Third group face") | |
1790 | (defface my-group-face-4 | |
1791 | '((t (:foreground "SteelBlue" :bold t))) "Fourth group face") | |
1792 | (defface my-group-face-5 | |
1793 | '((t (:foreground "Blue" :bold t))) "Fifth group face"))) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1794 | |
1795 | (setq gnus-group-highlight | |
1796 | '(((> unread 200) . my-group-face-1) | |
1797 | ((and (< level 3) (zerop unread)) . my-group-face-2) | |
1798 | ((< level 3) . my-group-face-3) | |
1799 | ((zerop unread) . my-group-face-4) | |
1800 | (t . my-group-face-5))) | |
1801 | @end lisp | |
1802 | ||
1803 | Also @pxref{Faces and Fonts}. | |
1804 | ||
1805 | Variables that are dynamically bound when the forms are evaluated | |
1806 | include: | |
1807 | ||
1808 | @table @code | |
1809 | @item group | |
1810 | The group name. | |
1811 | @item unread | |
1812 | The number of unread articles in the group. | |
1813 | @item method | |
1814 | The select method. | |
1815 | @item mailp | |
1816 | Whether the group is a mail group. | |
1817 | @item level | |
1818 | The level of the group. | |
1819 | @item score | |
1820 | The score of the group. | |
1821 | @item ticked | |
1822 | The number of ticked articles in the group. | |
1823 | @item total | |
1824 | The total number of articles in the group. Or rather, MAX-NUMBER minus | |
1825 | MIN-NUMBER plus one. | |
1826 | @item topic | |
1827 | When using the topic minor mode, this variable is bound to the current | |
1828 | topic being inserted. | |
1829 | @end table | |
1830 | ||
1831 | When the forms are @code{eval}ed, point is at the beginning of the line | |
1832 | of the group in question, so you can use many of the normal Gnus | |
1833 | functions for snarfing info on the group. | |
1834 | ||
1835 | @vindex gnus-group-update-hook | |
1836 | @findex gnus-group-highlight-line | |
1837 | @code{gnus-group-update-hook} is called when a group line is changed. | |
1838 | It will not be called when @code{gnus-visual} is @code{nil}. This hook | |
1839 | calls @code{gnus-group-highlight-line} by default. | |
1840 | ||
1841 | ||
1842 | @node Group Maneuvering | |
1843 | @section Group Maneuvering | |
1844 | @cindex group movement | |
1845 | ||
1846 | All movement commands understand the numeric prefix and will behave as | |
1847 | expected, hopefully. | |
1848 | ||
1849 | @table @kbd | |
1850 | ||
1851 | @item n | |
1852 | @kindex n (Group) | |
1853 | @findex gnus-group-next-unread-group | |
1854 | Go to the next group that has unread articles | |
1855 | (@code{gnus-group-next-unread-group}). | |
1856 | ||
1857 | @item p | |
1858 | @itemx DEL | |
1859 | @kindex DEL (Group) | |
1860 | @kindex p (Group) | |
1861 | @findex gnus-group-prev-unread-group | |
1862 | Go to the previous group that has unread articles | |
1863 | (@code{gnus-group-prev-unread-group}). | |
1864 | ||
1865 | @item N | |
1866 | @kindex N (Group) | |
1867 | @findex gnus-group-next-group | |
1868 | Go to the next group (@code{gnus-group-next-group}). | |
1869 | ||
1870 | @item P | |
1871 | @kindex P (Group) | |
1872 | @findex gnus-group-prev-group | |
1873 | Go to the previous group (@code{gnus-group-prev-group}). | |
1874 | ||
1875 | @item M-n | |
1876 | @kindex M-n (Group) | |
1877 | @findex gnus-group-next-unread-group-same-level | |
1878 | Go to the next unread group on the same (or lower) level | |
1879 | (@code{gnus-group-next-unread-group-same-level}). | |
1880 | ||
1881 | @item M-p | |
1882 | @kindex M-p (Group) | |
1883 | @findex gnus-group-prev-unread-group-same-level | |
1884 | Go to the previous unread group on the same (or lower) level | |
1885 | (@code{gnus-group-prev-unread-group-same-level}). | |
1886 | @end table | |
1887 | ||
1888 | Three commands for jumping to groups: | |
1889 | ||
1890 | @table @kbd | |
1891 | ||
1892 | @item j | |
1893 | @kindex j (Group) | |
1894 | @findex gnus-group-jump-to-group | |
1895 | Jump to a group (and make it visible if it isn't already) | |
1896 | (@code{gnus-group-jump-to-group}). Killed groups can be jumped to, just | |
1897 | like living groups. | |
1898 | ||
1899 | @item , | |
1900 | @kindex , (Group) | |
1901 | @findex gnus-group-best-unread-group | |
1902 | Jump to the unread group with the lowest level | |
1903 | (@code{gnus-group-best-unread-group}). | |
1904 | ||
1905 | @item . | |
1906 | @kindex . (Group) | |
1907 | @findex gnus-group-first-unread-group | |
1908 | Jump to the first group with unread articles | |
1909 | (@code{gnus-group-first-unread-group}). | |
1910 | @end table | |
1911 | ||
1912 | @vindex gnus-group-goto-unread | |
1913 | If @code{gnus-group-goto-unread} is @code{nil}, all the movement | |
1914 | commands will move to the next group, not the next unread group. Even | |
1915 | the commands that say they move to the next unread group. The default | |
1916 | is @code{t}. | |
1917 | ||
1918 | ||
1919 | @node Selecting a Group | |
1920 | @section Selecting a Group | |
1921 | @cindex group selection | |
1922 | ||
1923 | @table @kbd | |
1924 | ||
1925 | @item SPACE | |
1926 | @kindex SPACE (Group) | |
1927 | @findex gnus-group-read-group | |
1928 | Select the current group, switch to the summary buffer and display the | |
1929 | first unread article (@code{gnus-group-read-group}). If there are no | |
1930 | unread articles in the group, or if you give a non-numerical prefix to | |
1931 | this command, Gnus will offer to fetch all the old articles in this | |
1932 | group from the server. If you give a numerical prefix @var{N}, @var{N} | |
1933 | determines the number of articles Gnus will fetch. If @var{N} is | |
1934 | positive, Gnus fetches the @var{N} newest articles, if @var{N} is | |
2625a8f7 | 1935 | negative, Gnus fetches the @code{abs(@var{N})} oldest articles. |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1936 | |
1937 | @item RET | |
1938 | @kindex RET (Group) | |
1939 | @findex gnus-group-select-group | |
1940 | Select the current group and switch to the summary buffer | |
1941 | (@code{gnus-group-select-group}). Takes the same arguments as | |
1942 | @code{gnus-group-read-group}---the only difference is that this command | |
1943 | does not display the first unread article automatically upon group | |
1944 | entry. | |
1945 | ||
1946 | @item M-RET | |
1947 | @kindex M-RET (Group) | |
1948 | @findex gnus-group-quick-select-group | |
1949 | This does the same as the command above, but tries to do it with the | |
1950 | minimum amount of fuzz (@code{gnus-group-quick-select-group}). No | |
1951 | scoring/killing will be performed, there will be no highlights and no | |
1952 | expunging. This might be useful if you're in a real hurry and have to | |
1953 | enter some humongous group. If you give a 0 prefix to this command | |
1954 | (i.e., @kbd{0 M-RET}), Gnus won't even generate the summary buffer, | |
1955 | which is useful if you want to toggle threading before generating the | |
1956 | summary buffer (@pxref{Summary Generation Commands}). | |
1957 | ||
1958 | @item M-SPACE | |
1959 | @kindex M-SPACE (Group) | |
1960 | @findex gnus-group-visible-select-group | |
1961 | This is yet one more command that does the same as the @kbd{RET} | |
1962 | command, but this one does it without expunging and hiding dormants | |
1963 | (@code{gnus-group-visible-select-group}). | |
1964 | ||
1965 | @item M-C-RET | |
1966 | @kindex M-C-RET (Group) | |
1967 | @findex gnus-group-select-group-ephemerally | |
1968 | Finally, this command selects the current group ephemerally without | |
1969 | doing any processing of its contents | |
1970 | (@code{gnus-group-select-group-ephemerally}). Even threading has been | |
1971 | turned off. Everything you do in the group after selecting it in this | |
1972 | manner will have no permanent effects. | |
1973 | ||
1974 | @end table | |
1975 | ||
1976 | @vindex gnus-large-newsgroup | |
1977 | The @code{gnus-large-newsgroup} variable says what Gnus should consider | |
1978 | to be a big group. This is 200 by default. If the group has more | |
1979 | (unread and/or ticked) articles than this, Gnus will query the user | |
1980 | before entering the group. The user can then specify how many articles | |
1981 | should be fetched from the server. If the user specifies a negative | |
1982 | number (@code{-n}), the @code{n} oldest articles will be fetched. If it | |
1983 | is positive, the @code{n} articles that have arrived most recently will | |
1984 | be fetched. | |
1985 | ||
1986 | @vindex gnus-select-group-hook | |
1987 | @vindex gnus-auto-select-first | |
1988 | @code{gnus-auto-select-first} control whether any articles are selected | |
1989 | automatically when entering a group with the @kbd{SPACE} command. | |
1990 | ||
1991 | @table @code | |
1992 | ||
1993 | @item nil | |
1994 | Don't select any articles when entering the group. Just display the | |
1995 | full summary buffer. | |
1996 | ||
1997 | @item t | |
1998 | Select the first unread article when entering the group. | |
1999 | ||
2000 | @item best | |
2001 | Select the highest scored article in the group when entering the | |
2002 | group. | |
2625a8f7 GM |
2003 | |
2004 | @end table | |
2005 | ||
2006 | This variable can also be a function. In that case, that function will | |
2007 | be called to place point on a subject line, and/or select some article. | |
2008 | Useful functions include: | |
2009 | ||
2010 | @table @code | |
2011 | @item gnus-summary-first-unread-subject | |
2012 | Place point on the subject line of the first unread article, but | |
2013 | don't select the article. | |
2014 | ||
2015 | @item gnus-summary-first-unread-article | |
2016 | Select the first unread article. | |
2017 | ||
2018 | @item gnus-summary-best-unread-article | |
2019 | Select the highest-scored unread article. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2020 | @end table |
2021 | ||
2625a8f7 | 2022 | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2023 | If you want to prevent automatic selection in some group (say, in a |
2024 | binary group with Huge articles) you can set this variable to @code{nil} | |
2025 | in @code{gnus-select-group-hook}, which is called when a group is | |
2026 | selected. | |
2027 | ||
2028 | ||
2029 | @node Subscription Commands | |
2030 | @section Subscription Commands | |
2031 | @cindex subscription | |
2032 | ||
2033 | @table @kbd | |
2034 | ||
2035 | @item S t | |
2036 | @itemx u | |
2037 | @kindex S t (Group) | |
2038 | @kindex u (Group) | |
2039 | @findex gnus-group-unsubscribe-current-group | |
2040 | @c @icon{gnus-group-unsubscribe} | |
2041 | Toggle subscription to the current group | |
2042 | (@code{gnus-group-unsubscribe-current-group}). | |
2043 | ||
2044 | @item S s | |
2045 | @itemx U | |
2046 | @kindex S s (Group) | |
2047 | @kindex U (Group) | |
2048 | @findex gnus-group-unsubscribe-group | |
2049 | Prompt for a group to subscribe, and then subscribe it. If it was | |
2050 | subscribed already, unsubscribe it instead | |
2051 | (@code{gnus-group-unsubscribe-group}). | |
2052 | ||
2053 | @item S k | |
2054 | @itemx C-k | |
2055 | @kindex S k (Group) | |
2056 | @kindex C-k (Group) | |
2057 | @findex gnus-group-kill-group | |
2058 | @c @icon{gnus-group-kill-group} | |
2059 | Kill the current group (@code{gnus-group-kill-group}). | |
2060 | ||
2061 | @item S y | |
2062 | @itemx C-y | |
2063 | @kindex S y (Group) | |
2064 | @kindex C-y (Group) | |
2065 | @findex gnus-group-yank-group | |
2066 | Yank the last killed group (@code{gnus-group-yank-group}). | |
2067 | ||
2068 | @item C-x C-t | |
2069 | @kindex C-x C-t (Group) | |
2070 | @findex gnus-group-transpose-groups | |
2071 | Transpose two groups (@code{gnus-group-transpose-groups}). This isn't | |
2072 | really a subscription command, but you can use it instead of a | |
2073 | kill-and-yank sequence sometimes. | |
2074 | ||
2075 | @item S w | |
2076 | @itemx C-w | |
2077 | @kindex S w (Group) | |
2078 | @kindex C-w (Group) | |
2079 | @findex gnus-group-kill-region | |
2080 | Kill all groups in the region (@code{gnus-group-kill-region}). | |
2081 | ||
2082 | @item S z | |
2083 | @kindex S z (Group) | |
2084 | @findex gnus-group-kill-all-zombies | |
2085 | Kill all zombie groups (@code{gnus-group-kill-all-zombies}). | |
2086 | ||
2087 | @item S C-k | |
2088 | @kindex S C-k (Group) | |
2089 | @findex gnus-group-kill-level | |
2090 | Kill all groups on a certain level (@code{gnus-group-kill-level}). | |
2091 | These groups can't be yanked back after killing, so this command should | |
2092 | be used with some caution. The only time where this command comes in | |
2093 | really handy is when you have a @file{.newsrc} with lots of unsubscribed | |
2094 | groups that you want to get rid off. @kbd{S C-k} on level 7 will | |
2095 | kill off all unsubscribed groups that do not have message numbers in the | |
2096 | @file{.newsrc} file. | |
2097 | ||
2098 | @end table | |
2099 | ||
2100 | Also @pxref{Group Levels}. | |
2101 | ||
2102 | ||
2103 | @node Group Data | |
2104 | @section Group Data | |
2105 | ||
2106 | @table @kbd | |
2107 | ||
2108 | @item c | |
2109 | @kindex c (Group) | |
2110 | @findex gnus-group-catchup-current | |
2111 | @vindex gnus-group-catchup-group-hook | |
2112 | @c @icon{gnus-group-catchup-current} | |
2113 | Mark all unticked articles in this group as read | |
2114 | (@code{gnus-group-catchup-current}). | |
2115 | @code{gnus-group-catchup-group-hook} is called when catching up a group from | |
2116 | the group buffer. | |
2117 | ||
2118 | @item C | |
2119 | @kindex C (Group) | |
2120 | @findex gnus-group-catchup-current-all | |
2121 | Mark all articles in this group, even the ticked ones, as read | |
2122 | (@code{gnus-group-catchup-current-all}). | |
2123 | ||
2124 | @item M-c | |
2125 | @kindex M-c (Group) | |
2126 | @findex gnus-group-clear-data | |
2127 | Clear the data from the current group---nix out marks and the list of | |
2128 | read articles (@code{gnus-group-clear-data}). | |
2129 | ||
2130 | @item M-x gnus-group-clear-data-on-native-groups | |
2131 | @kindex M-x gnus-group-clear-data-on-native-groups | |
2132 | @findex gnus-group-clear-data-on-native-groups | |
2133 | If you have switched from one @sc{nntp} server to another, all your marks | |
2134 | and read ranges have become worthless. You can use this command to | |
2135 | clear out all data that you have on your native groups. Use with | |
2136 | caution. | |
2137 | ||
2138 | @end table | |
2139 | ||
2140 | ||
2141 | @node Group Levels | |
2142 | @section Group Levels | |
2143 | @cindex group level | |
2144 | @cindex level | |
2145 | ||
2146 | All groups have a level of @dfn{subscribedness}. For instance, if a | |
2147 | group is on level 2, it is more subscribed than a group on level 5. You | |
2148 | can ask Gnus to just list groups on a given level or lower | |
2149 | (@pxref{Listing Groups}), or to just check for new articles in groups on | |
2150 | a given level or lower (@pxref{Scanning New Messages}). | |
2151 | ||
2152 | Remember: The higher the level of the group, the less important it is. | |
2153 | ||
2154 | @table @kbd | |
2155 | ||
2156 | @item S l | |
2157 | @kindex S l (Group) | |
2158 | @findex gnus-group-set-current-level | |
2159 | Set the level of the current group. If a numeric prefix is given, the | |
2160 | next @var{n} groups will have their levels set. The user will be | |
2161 | prompted for a level. | |
2162 | @end table | |
2163 | ||
2164 | @vindex gnus-level-killed | |
2165 | @vindex gnus-level-zombie | |
2166 | @vindex gnus-level-unsubscribed | |
2167 | @vindex gnus-level-subscribed | |
2168 | Gnus considers groups from levels 1 to | |
2169 | @code{gnus-level-subscribed} (inclusive) (default 5) to be subscribed, | |
2170 | @code{gnus-level-subscribed} (exclusive) and | |
2171 | @code{gnus-level-unsubscribed} (inclusive) (default 7) to be | |
2172 | unsubscribed, @code{gnus-level-zombie} to be zombies (walking dead) | |
2173 | (default 8) and @code{gnus-level-killed} to be killed (completely dead) | |
2174 | (default 9). Gnus treats subscribed and unsubscribed groups exactly the | |
2175 | same, but zombie and killed groups have no information on what articles | |
2176 | you have read, etc, stored. This distinction between dead and living | |
2177 | groups isn't done because it is nice or clever, it is done purely for | |
2178 | reasons of efficiency. | |
2179 | ||
2180 | It is recommended that you keep all your mail groups (if any) on quite | |
2181 | low levels (e.g. 1 or 2). | |
2182 | ||
428da1d2 DL |
2183 | Maybe the following description of the default behavior of Gnus helps to |
2184 | understand what these levels are all about. By default, Gnus shows you | |
2185 | subscribed nonempty groups, but by hitting @kbd{L} you can have it show | |
2186 | empty subscribed groups and unsubscribed groups, too. Type @kbd{l} to | |
2187 | go back to showing nonempty subscribed groups again. Thus, unsubscribed | |
2188 | groups are hidden, in a way. | |
2189 | ||
2190 | Zombie and killed groups are similar to unsubscribed groups in that they | |
2191 | are hidden by default. But they are different from subscribed and | |
2192 | unsubscribed groups in that Gnus doesn't ask the news server for | |
2193 | information (number of messages, number of unread messages) on zombie | |
2194 | and killed groups. Normally, you use @kbd{C-k} to kill the groups you | |
2195 | aren't interested in. If most groups are killed, Gnus is faster. | |
2196 | ||
2197 | Why does Gnus distinguish between zombie and killed groups? Well, when | |
2198 | a new group arrives on the server, Gnus by default makes it a zombie | |
2199 | group. This means that you are normally not bothered with new groups, | |
2200 | but you can type @kbd{A z} to get a list of all new groups. Subscribe | |
2201 | the ones you like and kill the ones you don't want. (@kbd{A k} shows a | |
2202 | list of killed groups.) | |
2203 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
2204 | If you want to play with the level variables, you should show some care. |
2205 | Set them once, and don't touch them ever again. Better yet, don't touch | |
2206 | them at all unless you know exactly what you're doing. | |
2207 | ||
2208 | @vindex gnus-level-default-unsubscribed | |
2209 | @vindex gnus-level-default-subscribed | |
2210 | Two closely related variables are @code{gnus-level-default-subscribed} | |
2211 | (default 3) and @code{gnus-level-default-unsubscribed} (default 6), | |
2212 | which are the levels that new groups will be put on if they are | |
2213 | (un)subscribed. These two variables should, of course, be inside the | |
2214 | relevant valid ranges. | |
2215 | ||
2216 | @vindex gnus-keep-same-level | |
2217 | If @code{gnus-keep-same-level} is non-@code{nil}, some movement commands | |
2218 | will only move to groups of the same level (or lower). In | |
2219 | particular, going from the last article in one group to the next group | |
2220 | will go to the next group of the same level (or lower). This might be | |
2221 | handy if you want to read the most important groups before you read the | |
2222 | rest. | |
2223 | ||
2625a8f7 GM |
2224 | If this variable is @code{best}, Gnus will make the next newsgroup the |
2225 | one with the best level. | |
2226 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
2227 | @vindex gnus-group-default-list-level |
2228 | All groups with a level less than or equal to | |
2229 | @code{gnus-group-default-list-level} will be listed in the group buffer | |
2230 | by default. | |
2231 | ||
2232 | @vindex gnus-group-list-inactive-groups | |
2233 | If @code{gnus-group-list-inactive-groups} is non-@code{nil}, non-active | |
2234 | groups will be listed along with the unread groups. This variable is | |
2235 | @code{t} by default. If it is @code{nil}, inactive groups won't be | |
2236 | listed. | |
2237 | ||
2238 | @vindex gnus-group-use-permanent-levels | |
2239 | If @code{gnus-group-use-permanent-levels} is non-@code{nil}, once you | |
2240 | give a level prefix to @kbd{g} or @kbd{l}, all subsequent commands will | |
2241 | use this level as the ``work'' level. | |
2242 | ||
2243 | @vindex gnus-activate-level | |
2244 | Gnus will normally just activate (i. e., query the server about) groups | |
2245 | on level @code{gnus-activate-level} or less. If you don't want to | |
2246 | activate unsubscribed groups, for instance, you might set this variable | |
2247 | to 5. The default is 6. | |
2248 | ||
2249 | ||
2250 | @node Group Score | |
2251 | @section Group Score | |
2252 | @cindex group score | |
2253 | @cindex group rank | |
2254 | @cindex rank | |
2255 | ||
2256 | You would normally keep important groups on high levels, but that scheme | |
2257 | is somewhat restrictive. Don't you wish you could have Gnus sort the | |
2258 | group buffer according to how often you read groups, perhaps? Within | |
2259 | reason? | |
2260 | ||
2625a8f7 GM |
2261 | This is what @dfn{group score} is for. You can have Gnus assign a score |
2262 | to each group through the mechanism described below. You can then sort | |
2263 | the group buffer based on this score. Alternatively, you can sort on | |
2264 | score and then level. (Taken together, the level and the score is | |
2265 | called the @dfn{rank} of the group. A group that is on level 4 and has | |
2266 | a score of 1 has a higher rank than a group on level 5 that has a score | |
2267 | of 300. (The level is the most significant part and the score is the | |
2268 | least significant part.)) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2269 | |
2270 | @findex gnus-summary-bubble-group | |
2271 | If you want groups you read often to get higher scores than groups you | |
2272 | read seldom you can add the @code{gnus-summary-bubble-group} function to | |
2273 | the @code{gnus-summary-exit-hook} hook. This will result (after | |
2274 | sorting) in a bubbling sort of action. If you want to see that in | |
2275 | action after each summary exit, you can add | |
2276 | @code{gnus-group-sort-groups-by-rank} or | |
2277 | @code{gnus-group-sort-groups-by-score} to the same hook, but that will | |
2278 | slow things down somewhat. | |
2279 | ||
2280 | ||
2281 | @node Marking Groups | |
2282 | @section Marking Groups | |
2283 | @cindex marking groups | |
2284 | ||
2285 | If you want to perform some command on several groups, and they appear | |
2286 | subsequently in the group buffer, you would normally just give a | |
2287 | numerical prefix to the command. Most group commands will then do your | |
2288 | bidding on those groups. | |
2289 | ||
2290 | However, if the groups are not in sequential order, you can still | |
2291 | perform a command on several groups. You simply mark the groups first | |
2292 | with the process mark and then execute the command. | |
2293 | ||
2294 | @table @kbd | |
2295 | ||
2296 | @item # | |
2297 | @kindex # (Group) | |
2298 | @itemx M m | |
2299 | @kindex M m (Group) | |
2300 | @findex gnus-group-mark-group | |
2301 | Set the mark on the current group (@code{gnus-group-mark-group}). | |
2302 | ||
2303 | @item M-# | |
2304 | @kindex M-# (Group) | |
2305 | @itemx M u | |
2306 | @kindex M u (Group) | |
2307 | @findex gnus-group-unmark-group | |
2308 | Remove the mark from the current group | |
2309 | (@code{gnus-group-unmark-group}). | |
2310 | ||
2311 | @item M U | |
2312 | @kindex M U (Group) | |
2313 | @findex gnus-group-unmark-all-groups | |
2314 | Remove the mark from all groups (@code{gnus-group-unmark-all-groups}). | |
2315 | ||
2316 | @item M w | |
2317 | @kindex M w (Group) | |
2318 | @findex gnus-group-mark-region | |
2319 | Mark all groups between point and mark (@code{gnus-group-mark-region}). | |
2320 | ||
2321 | @item M b | |
2322 | @kindex M b (Group) | |
2323 | @findex gnus-group-mark-buffer | |
2324 | Mark all groups in the buffer (@code{gnus-group-mark-buffer}). | |
2325 | ||
2326 | @item M r | |
2327 | @kindex M r (Group) | |
2328 | @findex gnus-group-mark-regexp | |
2329 | Mark all groups that match some regular expression | |
2330 | (@code{gnus-group-mark-regexp}). | |
2331 | @end table | |
2332 | ||
2333 | Also @pxref{Process/Prefix}. | |
2334 | ||
2335 | @findex gnus-group-universal-argument | |
2336 | If you want to execute some command on all groups that have been marked | |
2337 | with the process mark, you can use the @kbd{M-&} | |
2338 | (@code{gnus-group-universal-argument}) command. It will prompt you for | |
2339 | the command to be executed. | |
2340 | ||
2341 | ||
2342 | @node Foreign Groups | |
2343 | @section Foreign Groups | |
2344 | @cindex foreign groups | |
2345 | ||
2346 | Below are some group mode commands for making and editing general foreign | |
2347 | groups, as well as commands to ease the creation of a few | |
2348 | special-purpose groups. All these commands insert the newly created | |
2349 | groups under point---@code{gnus-subscribe-newsgroup-method} is not | |
2350 | consulted. | |
2351 | ||
2352 | @table @kbd | |
2353 | ||
2354 | @item G m | |
2355 | @kindex G m (Group) | |
2356 | @findex gnus-group-make-group | |
2357 | @cindex making groups | |
2358 | Make a new group (@code{gnus-group-make-group}). Gnus will prompt you | |
2359 | for a name, a method and possibly an @dfn{address}. For an easier way | |
2360 | to subscribe to @sc{nntp} groups, @pxref{Browse Foreign Server}. | |
2361 | ||
2362 | @item G r | |
2363 | @kindex G r (Group) | |
2364 | @findex gnus-group-rename-group | |
2365 | @cindex renaming groups | |
2366 | Rename the current group to something else | |
2367 | (@code{gnus-group-rename-group}). This is valid only on some | |
2368 | groups---mail groups mostly. This command might very well be quite slow | |
2369 | on some backends. | |
2370 | ||
2371 | @item G c | |
2372 | @kindex G c (Group) | |
2373 | @cindex customizing | |
2374 | @findex gnus-group-customize | |
2375 | Customize the group parameters (@code{gnus-group-customize}). | |
2376 | ||
2377 | @item G e | |
2378 | @kindex G e (Group) | |
2379 | @findex gnus-group-edit-group-method | |
2380 | @cindex renaming groups | |
2381 | Enter a buffer where you can edit the select method of the current | |
2382 | group (@code{gnus-group-edit-group-method}). | |
2383 | ||
2384 | @item G p | |
2385 | @kindex G p (Group) | |
2386 | @findex gnus-group-edit-group-parameters | |
2387 | Enter a buffer where you can edit the group parameters | |
2388 | (@code{gnus-group-edit-group-parameters}). | |
2389 | ||
2390 | @item G E | |
2391 | @kindex G E (Group) | |
2392 | @findex gnus-group-edit-group | |
2393 | Enter a buffer where you can edit the group info | |
2394 | (@code{gnus-group-edit-group}). | |
2395 | ||
2396 | @item G d | |
2397 | @kindex G d (Group) | |
2398 | @findex gnus-group-make-directory-group | |
2399 | @cindex nndir | |
2400 | Make a directory group (@pxref{Directory Groups}). You will be prompted | |
2401 | for a directory name (@code{gnus-group-make-directory-group}). | |
2402 | ||
2403 | @item G h | |
2404 | @kindex G h (Group) | |
2405 | @cindex help group | |
2406 | @findex gnus-group-make-help-group | |
2407 | Make the Gnus help group (@code{gnus-group-make-help-group}). | |
2408 | ||
2409 | @item G a | |
2410 | @kindex G a (Group) | |
2411 | @cindex (ding) archive | |
2412 | @cindex archive group | |
2413 | @findex gnus-group-make-archive-group | |
2414 | @vindex gnus-group-archive-directory | |
2415 | @vindex gnus-group-recent-archive-directory | |
2416 | Make a Gnus archive group (@code{gnus-group-make-archive-group}). By | |
2417 | default a group pointing to the most recent articles will be created | |
2418 | (@code{gnus-group-recent-archive-directory}), but given a prefix, a full | |
2419 | group will be created from @code{gnus-group-archive-directory}. | |
2420 | ||
2421 | @item G k | |
2422 | @kindex G k (Group) | |
2423 | @findex gnus-group-make-kiboze-group | |
2424 | @cindex nnkiboze | |
2425 | Make a kiboze group. You will be prompted for a name, for a regexp to | |
2426 | match groups to be ``included'' in the kiboze group, and a series of | |
2427 | strings to match on headers (@code{gnus-group-make-kiboze-group}). | |
2428 | @xref{Kibozed Groups}. | |
2429 | ||
2430 | @item G D | |
2431 | @kindex G D (Group) | |
2432 | @findex gnus-group-enter-directory | |
2433 | @cindex nneething | |
2434 | Read an arbitrary directory as if it were a newsgroup with the | |
2435 | @code{nneething} backend (@code{gnus-group-enter-directory}). | |
2436 | @xref{Anything Groups}. | |
2437 | ||
2438 | @item G f | |
2439 | @kindex G f (Group) | |
2440 | @findex gnus-group-make-doc-group | |
2441 | @cindex ClariNet Briefs | |
2442 | @cindex nndoc | |
2443 | Make a group based on some file or other | |
2444 | (@code{gnus-group-make-doc-group}). If you give a prefix to this | |
2445 | command, you will be prompted for a file name and a file type. | |
2446 | Currently supported types are @code{babyl}, @code{mbox}, @code{digest}, | |
2447 | @code{mmdf}, @code{news}, @code{rnews}, @code{clari-briefs}, | |
2625a8f7 GM |
2448 | @code{rfc934}, @code{rfc822-forward}, @code{nsmail} and @code{forward}. |
2449 | If you run this command without a prefix, Gnus will guess at the file | |
2450 | type. @xref{Document Groups}. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2451 | |
2452 | @item G u | |
2453 | @kindex G u (Group) | |
2454 | @vindex gnus-useful-groups | |
2455 | @findex gnus-group-make-useful-group | |
2456 | Create one of the groups mentioned in @code{gnus-useful-groups} | |
2457 | (@code{gnus-group-make-useful-group}). | |
2458 | ||
2459 | @item G w | |
2460 | @kindex G w (Group) | |
2461 | @findex gnus-group-make-web-group | |
2462 | @cindex DejaNews | |
2463 | @cindex Alta Vista | |
2464 | @cindex InReference | |
2465 | @cindex nnweb | |
2466 | Make an ephemeral group based on a web search | |
2467 | (@code{gnus-group-make-web-group}). If you give a prefix to this | |
2468 | command, make a solid group instead. You will be prompted for the | |
2469 | search engine type and the search string. Valid search engine types | |
2470 | include @code{dejanews}, @code{altavista} and @code{reference}. | |
2471 | @xref{Web Searches}. | |
2472 | ||
2473 | If you use the @code{dejanews} search engine, you can limit the search | |
2474 | to a particular group by using a match string like | |
2475 | @samp{~g alt.sysadmin.recovery shaving}. | |
2476 | ||
2477 | @item G DEL | |
2478 | @kindex G DEL (Group) | |
2479 | @findex gnus-group-delete-group | |
2480 | This function will delete the current group | |
2481 | (@code{gnus-group-delete-group}). If given a prefix, this function will | |
2482 | actually delete all the articles in the group, and forcibly remove the | |
2483 | group itself from the face of the Earth. Use a prefix only if you are | |
2484 | absolutely sure of what you are doing. This command can't be used on | |
2485 | read-only groups (like @code{nntp} group), though. | |
2486 | ||
2487 | @item G V | |
2488 | @kindex G V (Group) | |
2489 | @findex gnus-group-make-empty-virtual | |
2490 | Make a new, fresh, empty @code{nnvirtual} group | |
2491 | (@code{gnus-group-make-empty-virtual}). @xref{Virtual Groups}. | |
2492 | ||
2493 | @item G v | |
2494 | @kindex G v (Group) | |
2495 | @findex gnus-group-add-to-virtual | |
2496 | Add the current group to an @code{nnvirtual} group | |
2497 | (@code{gnus-group-add-to-virtual}). Uses the process/prefix convention. | |
2498 | @end table | |
2499 | ||
2500 | @xref{Select Methods}, for more information on the various select | |
2501 | methods. | |
2502 | ||
2503 | @vindex gnus-activate-foreign-newsgroups | |
2504 | If @code{gnus-activate-foreign-newsgroups} is a positive number, | |
2505 | Gnus will check all foreign groups with this level or lower at startup. | |
2506 | This might take quite a while, especially if you subscribe to lots of | |
2507 | groups from different @sc{nntp} servers. Also @pxref{Group Levels}; | |
2508 | @code{gnus-activate-level} also affects activation of foreign | |
2625a8f7 | 2509 | newsgroups. |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2510 | |
2511 | ||
2512 | @node Group Parameters | |
2513 | @section Group Parameters | |
2514 | @cindex group parameters | |
2515 | ||
2516 | The group parameters store information local to a particular group. | |
2517 | Here's an example group parameter list: | |
2518 | ||
2519 | @example | |
2520 | ((to-address . "ding@@gnus.org") | |
2521 | (auto-expire . t)) | |
2522 | @end example | |
2523 | ||
2524 | We see that each element consists of a "dotted pair"---the thing before | |
2525 | the dot is the key, while the thing after the dot is the value. All the | |
2526 | parameters have this form @emph{except} local variable specs, which are | |
2527 | not dotted pairs, but proper lists. | |
2528 | ||
2529 | The following group parameters can be used: | |
2530 | ||
2531 | @table @code | |
2532 | @item to-address | |
2533 | @cindex to-address | |
2534 | Address used by when doing followups and new posts. | |
2535 | ||
2536 | @example | |
2537 | (to-address . "some@@where.com") | |
2538 | @end example | |
2539 | ||
2540 | This is primarily useful in mail groups that represent closed mailing | |
2541 | lists---mailing lists where it's expected that everybody that writes to | |
2542 | the mailing list is subscribed to it. Since using this parameter | |
2543 | ensures that the mail only goes to the mailing list itself, it means | |
2544 | that members won't receive two copies of your followups. | |
2545 | ||
2546 | Using @code{to-address} will actually work whether the group is foreign | |
2547 | or not. Let's say there's a group on the server that is called | |
2548 | @samp{fa.4ad-l}. This is a real newsgroup, but the server has gotten | |
2549 | the articles from a mail-to-news gateway. Posting directly to this | |
2550 | group is therefore impossible---you have to send mail to the mailing | |
2551 | list address instead. | |
2552 | ||
2553 | @item to-list | |
2554 | @cindex to-list | |
2625a8f7 | 2555 | Address used when doing @kbd{a} in that group. |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2556 | |
2557 | @example | |
2558 | (to-list . "some@@where.com") | |
2559 | @end example | |
2560 | ||
2561 | It is totally ignored | |
2562 | when doing a followup---except that if it is present in a news group, | |
2563 | you'll get mail group semantics when doing @kbd{f}. | |
2564 | ||
2565 | If you do an @kbd{a} command in a mail group and you have neither a | |
2566 | @code{to-list} group parameter nor a @code{to-address} group parameter, | |
2567 | then a @code{to-list} group parameter will be added automatically upon | |
2568 | sending the message if @code{gnus-add-to-list} is set to @code{t}. | |
2569 | @vindex gnus-add-to-list | |
2570 | ||
2571 | If you do an @kbd{a} command in a mail group and you don't have a | |
2572 | @code{to-list} group parameter, one will be added automatically upon | |
2573 | sending the message. | |
2574 | ||
2575 | @item visible | |
2576 | @cindex visible | |
2577 | If the group parameter list has the element @code{(visible . t)}, | |
2578 | that group will always be visible in the Group buffer, regardless | |
2579 | of whether it has any unread articles. | |
2580 | ||
2581 | @item broken-reply-to | |
2582 | @cindex broken-reply-to | |
2583 | Elements like @code{(broken-reply-to . t)} signals that @code{Reply-To} | |
2584 | headers in this group are to be ignored. This can be useful if you're | |
2585 | reading a mailing list group where the listserv has inserted | |
2586 | @code{Reply-To} headers that point back to the listserv itself. This is | |
2587 | broken behavior. So there! | |
2588 | ||
2589 | @item to-group | |
2590 | @cindex to-group | |
2591 | Elements like @code{(to-group . "some.group.name")} means that all | |
2592 | posts in that group will be sent to @code{some.group.name}. | |
2593 | ||
2594 | @item newsgroup | |
2595 | @cindex newsgroup | |
2596 | If you have @code{(newsgroup . t)} in the group parameter list, Gnus | |
2597 | will treat all responses as if they were responses to news articles. | |
2598 | This can be useful if you have a mail group that's really a mirror of a | |
2599 | news group. | |
2600 | ||
2601 | @item gcc-self | |
2602 | @cindex gcc-self | |
2603 | If @code{(gcc-self . t)} is present in the group parameter list, newly | |
2625a8f7 | 2604 | composed messages will be @code{Gcc}'d to the current group. If |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2605 | @code{(gcc-self . none)} is present, no @code{Gcc:} header will be |
2606 | generated, if @code{(gcc-self . "string")} is present, this string will | |
2607 | be inserted literally as a @code{gcc} header. This parameter takes | |
2608 | precedence over any default @code{Gcc} rules as described later | |
2609 | (@pxref{Archived Messages}). | |
2610 | ||
2611 | @item auto-expire | |
2612 | @cindex auto-expire | |
2613 | If the group parameter has an element that looks like @code{(auto-expire | |
2614 | . t)}, all articles read will be marked as expirable. For an | |
2615 | alternative approach, @pxref{Expiring Mail}. | |
2616 | ||
2617 | @item total-expire | |
2618 | @cindex total-expire | |
2619 | If the group parameter has an element that looks like | |
2620 | @code{(total-expire . t)}, all read articles will be put through the | |
2621 | expiry process, even if they are not marked as expirable. Use with | |
2622 | caution. Unread, ticked and dormant articles are not eligible for | |
2623 | expiry. | |
2624 | ||
2625 | @item expiry-wait | |
2626 | @cindex expiry-wait | |
2627 | @vindex nnmail-expiry-wait-function | |
2628 | If the group parameter has an element that looks like @code{(expiry-wait | |
2629 | . 10)}, this value will override any @code{nnmail-expiry-wait} and | |
2630 | @code{nnmail-expiry-wait-function} when expiring expirable messages. | |
2631 | The value can either be a number of days (not necessarily an integer) or | |
2632 | the symbols @code{never} or @code{immediate}. | |
2633 | ||
2634 | @item score-file | |
2635 | @cindex score file group parameter | |
2636 | Elements that look like @code{(score-file . "file")} will make | |
2637 | @file{file} into the current score file for the group in question. All | |
2638 | interactive score entries will be put into this file. | |
2639 | ||
2640 | @item adapt-file | |
2641 | @cindex adapt file group parameter | |
2642 | Elements that look like @code{(adapt-file . "file")} will make | |
2643 | @file{file} into the current adaptive file for the group in question. | |
2644 | All adaptive score entries will be put into this file. | |
2645 | ||
2646 | @item admin-address | |
2647 | When unsubscribing from a mailing list you should never send the | |
2648 | unsubscription notice to the mailing list itself. Instead, you'd send | |
2649 | messages to the administrative address. This parameter allows you to | |
2650 | put the admin address somewhere convenient. | |
2651 | ||
2652 | @item display | |
2653 | Elements that look like @code{(display . MODE)} say which articles to | |
2654 | display on entering the group. Valid values are: | |
2655 | ||
2656 | @table @code | |
2657 | @item all | |
2658 | Display all articles, both read and unread. | |
2659 | ||
2660 | @item default | |
2661 | Display the default visible articles, which normally includes unread and | |
2662 | ticked articles. | |
2663 | @end table | |
2664 | ||
2665 | @item comment | |
2666 | Elements that look like @code{(comment . "This is a comment")} | |
2667 | are arbitrary comments on the group. They are currently ignored by | |
2668 | Gnus, but provide a place for you to store information on particular | |
2669 | groups. | |
2670 | ||
2625a8f7 GM |
2671 | @item charset |
2672 | Elements that look like @code{(charset . iso-8859-1)} will make | |
2673 | @code{iso-8859-1} the default charset; that is, the charset that will be | |
2674 | used for all articles that do not specify a charset. | |
2675 | ||
2676 | @item (@var{variable} @var{form}) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2677 | You can use the group parameters to set variables local to the group you |
2678 | are entering. If you want to turn threading off in @samp{news.answers}, | |
2679 | you could put @code{(gnus-show-threads nil)} in the group parameters of | |
2680 | that group. @code{gnus-show-threads} will be made into a local variable | |
2681 | in the summary buffer you enter, and the form @code{nil} will be | |
2682 | @code{eval}ed there. | |
2683 | ||
2684 | This can also be used as a group-specific hook function, if you'd like. | |
2685 | If you want to hear a beep when you enter a group, you could put | |
2686 | something like @code{(dummy-variable (ding))} in the parameters of that | |
2687 | group. @code{dummy-variable} will be set to the result of the | |
2688 | @code{(ding)} form, but who cares? | |
2689 | ||
2625a8f7 GM |
2690 | @item posting-style |
2691 | You can store additional posting style information for this group only | |
2692 | here (@pxref{Posting Styles}). The format is that of an entry in the | |
2693 | @code{gnus-posting-styles} alist, except that there's no regexp matching | |
2694 | the group name (of course). Style elements in this group parameter will | |
2695 | take precedence over the ones found in @code{gnus-posting-styles}. | |
2696 | ||
2697 | For instance, if you want a funky name and signature in this group only, | |
2698 | instead of hacking @code{gnus-posting-styles}, you could put something | |
2699 | like this in the group parameters: | |
2700 | ||
2701 | @example | |
2702 | (posting-style | |
2703 | (name "Funky Name") | |
2704 | (signature "Funky Signature")) | |
2705 | @end example | |
2706 | ||
dda5808a DL |
2707 | @item banner |
2708 | An item like @code{(banner . "regex")} causes any part of an article | |
2709 | that matches the regular expression "regex" to be stripped. Instead of | |
2710 | "regex", you can also use the symbol @code{signature} which strips the | |
2711 | last signature or any of the elements of the alist | |
2712 | @code{gnus-article-banner-alist}. | |
2713 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
2714 | @end table |
2715 | ||
2716 | Use the @kbd{G p} command to edit group parameters of a group. You | |
2717 | might also be interested in reading about topic parameters (@pxref{Topic | |
2718 | Parameters}). | |
2719 | ||
2720 | ||
2721 | @node Listing Groups | |
2722 | @section Listing Groups | |
2723 | @cindex group listing | |
2724 | ||
2725 | These commands all list various slices of the groups available. | |
2726 | ||
2727 | @table @kbd | |
2728 | ||
2729 | @item l | |
2730 | @itemx A s | |
2731 | @kindex A s (Group) | |
2732 | @kindex l (Group) | |
2733 | @findex gnus-group-list-groups | |
2734 | List all groups that have unread articles | |
2735 | (@code{gnus-group-list-groups}). If the numeric prefix is used, this | |
2736 | command will list only groups of level ARG and lower. By default, it | |
2737 | only lists groups of level five (i. e., | |
2738 | @code{gnus-group-default-list-level}) or lower (i.e., just subscribed | |
2739 | groups). | |
2740 | ||
2741 | @item L | |
2742 | @itemx A u | |
2743 | @kindex A u (Group) | |
2744 | @kindex L (Group) | |
2745 | @findex gnus-group-list-all-groups | |
2746 | List all groups, whether they have unread articles or not | |
2747 | (@code{gnus-group-list-all-groups}). If the numeric prefix is used, | |
2748 | this command will list only groups of level ARG and lower. By default, | |
2749 | it lists groups of level seven or lower (i.e., just subscribed and | |
2750 | unsubscribed groups). | |
2751 | ||
2752 | @item A l | |
2753 | @kindex A l (Group) | |
2754 | @findex gnus-group-list-level | |
2755 | List all unread groups on a specific level | |
2756 | (@code{gnus-group-list-level}). If given a prefix, also list the groups | |
2757 | with no unread articles. | |
2758 | ||
2759 | @item A k | |
2760 | @kindex A k (Group) | |
2761 | @findex gnus-group-list-killed | |
2762 | List all killed groups (@code{gnus-group-list-killed}). If given a | |
2763 | prefix argument, really list all groups that are available, but aren't | |
2764 | currently (un)subscribed. This could entail reading the active file | |
2765 | from the server. | |
2766 | ||
2767 | @item A z | |
2768 | @kindex A z (Group) | |
2769 | @findex gnus-group-list-zombies | |
2770 | List all zombie groups (@code{gnus-group-list-zombies}). | |
2771 | ||
2772 | @item A m | |
2773 | @kindex A m (Group) | |
2774 | @findex gnus-group-list-matching | |
2775 | List all unread, subscribed groups with names that match a regexp | |
2776 | (@code{gnus-group-list-matching}). | |
2777 | ||
2778 | @item A M | |
2779 | @kindex A M (Group) | |
2780 | @findex gnus-group-list-all-matching | |
2781 | List groups that match a regexp (@code{gnus-group-list-all-matching}). | |
2782 | ||
2783 | @item A A | |
2784 | @kindex A A (Group) | |
2785 | @findex gnus-group-list-active | |
2786 | List absolutely all groups in the active file(s) of the | |
2787 | server(s) you are connected to (@code{gnus-group-list-active}). This | |
2788 | might very well take quite a while. It might actually be a better idea | |
2789 | to do a @kbd{A M} to list all matching, and just give @samp{.} as the | |
2790 | thing to match on. Also note that this command may list groups that | |
2791 | don't exist (yet)---these will be listed as if they were killed groups. | |
2792 | Take the output with some grains of salt. | |
2793 | ||
2794 | @item A a | |
2795 | @kindex A a (Group) | |
2796 | @findex gnus-group-apropos | |
2797 | List all groups that have names that match a regexp | |
2798 | (@code{gnus-group-apropos}). | |
2799 | ||
2800 | @item A d | |
2801 | @kindex A d (Group) | |
2802 | @findex gnus-group-description-apropos | |
2803 | List all groups that have names or descriptions that match a regexp | |
2804 | (@code{gnus-group-description-apropos}). | |
2805 | ||
2625a8f7 GM |
2806 | @item A c |
2807 | @kindex A c (Group) | |
2808 | @findex gnus-group-list-cached | |
2809 | List all groups with cached articles (@code{gnus-group-list-cached}). | |
2810 | ||
2811 | @item A ? | |
2812 | @kindex A ? (Group) | |
2813 | @findex gnus-group-list-dormant | |
2814 | List all groups with dormant articles (@code{gnus-group-list-dormant}). | |
2815 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
2816 | @end table |
2817 | ||
2818 | @vindex gnus-permanently-visible-groups | |
2819 | @cindex visible group parameter | |
2820 | Groups that match the @code{gnus-permanently-visible-groups} regexp will | |
2821 | always be shown, whether they have unread articles or not. You can also | |
2822 | add the @code{visible} element to the group parameters in question to | |
2823 | get the same effect. | |
2824 | ||
2825 | @vindex gnus-list-groups-with-ticked-articles | |
2826 | Groups that have just ticked articles in it are normally listed in the | |
2827 | group buffer. If @code{gnus-list-groups-with-ticked-articles} is | |
2828 | @code{nil}, these groups will be treated just like totally empty | |
2829 | groups. It is @code{t} by default. | |
2830 | ||
2831 | ||
2832 | @node Sorting Groups | |
2833 | @section Sorting Groups | |
2834 | @cindex sorting groups | |
2835 | ||
2836 | @kindex C-c C-s (Group) | |
2837 | @findex gnus-group-sort-groups | |
2838 | @vindex gnus-group-sort-function | |
2839 | The @kbd{C-c C-s} (@code{gnus-group-sort-groups}) command sorts the | |
2840 | group buffer according to the function(s) given by the | |
2841 | @code{gnus-group-sort-function} variable. Available sorting functions | |
2842 | include: | |
2843 | ||
2844 | @table @code | |
2845 | ||
2846 | @item gnus-group-sort-by-alphabet | |
2847 | @findex gnus-group-sort-by-alphabet | |
2848 | Sort the group names alphabetically. This is the default. | |
2849 | ||
2850 | @item gnus-group-sort-by-real-name | |
2851 | @findex gnus-group-sort-by-real-name | |
2852 | Sort the group alphabetically on the real (unprefixed) group names. | |
2853 | ||
2854 | @item gnus-group-sort-by-level | |
2855 | @findex gnus-group-sort-by-level | |
2856 | Sort by group level. | |
2857 | ||
2858 | @item gnus-group-sort-by-score | |
2859 | @findex gnus-group-sort-by-score | |
2860 | Sort by group score. @xref{Group Score}. | |
2861 | ||
2862 | @item gnus-group-sort-by-rank | |
2863 | @findex gnus-group-sort-by-rank | |
2864 | Sort by group score and then the group level. The level and the score | |
2865 | are, when taken together, the group's @dfn{rank}. @xref{Group Score}. | |
2866 | ||
2867 | @item gnus-group-sort-by-unread | |
2868 | @findex gnus-group-sort-by-unread | |
2869 | Sort by number of unread articles. | |
2870 | ||
2871 | @item gnus-group-sort-by-method | |
2872 | @findex gnus-group-sort-by-method | |
2873 | Sort alphabetically on the select method. | |
2874 | ||
2875 | ||
2876 | @end table | |
2877 | ||
2878 | @code{gnus-group-sort-function} can also be a list of sorting | |
2879 | functions. In that case, the most significant sort key function must be | |
2880 | the last one. | |
2881 | ||
2882 | ||
2883 | There are also a number of commands for sorting directly according to | |
2884 | some sorting criteria: | |
2885 | ||
2886 | @table @kbd | |
2887 | @item G S a | |
2888 | @kindex G S a (Group) | |
2889 | @findex gnus-group-sort-groups-by-alphabet | |
2890 | Sort the group buffer alphabetically by group name | |
2891 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-groups-by-alphabet}). | |
2892 | ||
2893 | @item G S u | |
2894 | @kindex G S u (Group) | |
2895 | @findex gnus-group-sort-groups-by-unread | |
2896 | Sort the group buffer by the number of unread articles | |
2897 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-groups-by-unread}). | |
2898 | ||
2899 | @item G S l | |
2900 | @kindex G S l (Group) | |
2901 | @findex gnus-group-sort-groups-by-level | |
2902 | Sort the group buffer by group level | |
2903 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-groups-by-level}). | |
2904 | ||
2905 | @item G S v | |
2906 | @kindex G S v (Group) | |
2907 | @findex gnus-group-sort-groups-by-score | |
2908 | Sort the group buffer by group score | |
2909 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-groups-by-score}). @xref{Group Score}. | |
2910 | ||
2911 | @item G S r | |
2912 | @kindex G S r (Group) | |
2913 | @findex gnus-group-sort-groups-by-rank | |
2914 | Sort the group buffer by group rank | |
2915 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-groups-by-rank}). @xref{Group Score}. | |
2916 | ||
2917 | @item G S m | |
2918 | @kindex G S m (Group) | |
2919 | @findex gnus-group-sort-groups-by-method | |
2920 | Sort the group buffer alphabetically by backend name | |
2921 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-groups-by-method}). | |
2922 | ||
2923 | @end table | |
2924 | ||
2625a8f7 GM |
2925 | All the commands below obey the process/prefix convention |
2926 | (@pxref{Process/Prefix}). | |
2927 | ||
2928 | When given a symbolic prefix (@pxref{Symbolic Prefixes}), all these | |
2929 | commands will sort in reverse order. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2930 | |
2931 | You can also sort a subset of the groups: | |
2932 | ||
2933 | @table @kbd | |
2934 | @item G P a | |
2935 | @kindex G P a (Group) | |
2936 | @findex gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-alphabet | |
2625a8f7 GM |
2937 | Sort the groups alphabetically by group name |
2938 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-alphabet}). | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2939 | |
2940 | @item G P u | |
2941 | @kindex G P u (Group) | |
2942 | @findex gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-unread | |
2625a8f7 GM |
2943 | Sort the groups by the number of unread articles |
2944 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-unread}). | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2945 | |
2946 | @item G P l | |
2947 | @kindex G P l (Group) | |
2948 | @findex gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-level | |
2625a8f7 | 2949 | Sort the groups by group level |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2950 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-level}). |
2951 | ||
2952 | @item G P v | |
2953 | @kindex G P v (Group) | |
2954 | @findex gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-score | |
2625a8f7 | 2955 | Sort the groups by group score |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2956 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-score}). @xref{Group Score}. |
2957 | ||
2958 | @item G P r | |
2959 | @kindex G P r (Group) | |
2960 | @findex gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-rank | |
2625a8f7 | 2961 | Sort the groups by group rank |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2962 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-rank}). @xref{Group Score}. |
2963 | ||
2964 | @item G P m | |
2965 | @kindex G P m (Group) | |
2966 | @findex gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-method | |
2625a8f7 GM |
2967 | Sort the groups alphabetically by backend name |
2968 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-method}). | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2969 | |
2970 | @end table | |
2971 | ||
2972 | ||
2973 | ||
2974 | @node Group Maintenance | |
2975 | @section Group Maintenance | |
2976 | @cindex bogus groups | |
2977 | ||
2978 | @table @kbd | |
2979 | @item b | |
2980 | @kindex b (Group) | |
2981 | @findex gnus-group-check-bogus-groups | |
2982 | Find bogus groups and delete them | |
2983 | (@code{gnus-group-check-bogus-groups}). | |
2984 | ||
2985 | @item F | |
2986 | @kindex F (Group) | |
2987 | @findex gnus-group-find-new-groups | |
2988 | Find new groups and process them (@code{gnus-group-find-new-groups}). | |
2989 | With 1 @kbd{C-u}, use the @code{ask-server} method to query the server | |
2990 | for new groups. With 2 @kbd{C-u}'s, use most complete method possible | |
2991 | to query the server for new groups, and subscribe the new groups as | |
2992 | zombies. | |
2993 | ||
2994 | @item C-c C-x | |
2995 | @kindex C-c C-x (Group) | |
2996 | @findex gnus-group-expire-articles | |
2997 | Run all expirable articles in the current group through the expiry | |
2998 | process (if any) (@code{gnus-group-expire-articles}). | |
2999 | ||
3000 | @item C-c M-C-x | |
3001 | @kindex C-c M-C-x (Group) | |
3002 | @findex gnus-group-expire-all-groups | |
3003 | Run all articles in all groups through the expiry process | |
3004 | (@code{gnus-group-expire-all-groups}). | |
3005 | ||
3006 | @end table | |
3007 | ||
3008 | ||
3009 | @node Browse Foreign Server | |
3010 | @section Browse Foreign Server | |
3011 | @cindex foreign servers | |
3012 | @cindex browsing servers | |
3013 | ||
3014 | @table @kbd | |
3015 | @item B | |
3016 | @kindex B (Group) | |
3017 | @findex gnus-group-browse-foreign-server | |
3018 | You will be queried for a select method and a server name. Gnus will | |
3019 | then attempt to contact this server and let you browse the groups there | |
3020 | (@code{gnus-group-browse-foreign-server}). | |
3021 | @end table | |
3022 | ||
3023 | @findex gnus-browse-mode | |
3024 | A new buffer with a list of available groups will appear. This buffer | |
3025 | will use the @code{gnus-browse-mode}. This buffer looks a bit (well, | |
3026 | a lot) like a normal group buffer. | |
3027 | ||
3028 | Here's a list of keystrokes available in the browse mode: | |
3029 | ||
3030 | @table @kbd | |
3031 | @item n | |
3032 | @kindex n (Browse) | |
3033 | @findex gnus-group-next-group | |
3034 | Go to the next group (@code{gnus-group-next-group}). | |
3035 | ||
3036 | @item p | |
3037 | @kindex p (Browse) | |
3038 | @findex gnus-group-prev-group | |
3039 | Go to the previous group (@code{gnus-group-prev-group}). | |
3040 | ||
3041 | @item SPACE | |
3042 | @kindex SPACE (Browse) | |
3043 | @findex gnus-browse-read-group | |
3044 | Enter the current group and display the first article | |
3045 | (@code{gnus-browse-read-group}). | |
3046 | ||
3047 | @item RET | |
3048 | @kindex RET (Browse) | |
3049 | @findex gnus-browse-select-group | |
3050 | Enter the current group (@code{gnus-browse-select-group}). | |
3051 | ||
3052 | @item u | |
3053 | @kindex u (Browse) | |
3054 | @findex gnus-browse-unsubscribe-current-group | |
3055 | Unsubscribe to the current group, or, as will be the case here, | |
3056 | subscribe to it (@code{gnus-browse-unsubscribe-current-group}). | |
3057 | ||
3058 | @item l | |
3059 | @itemx q | |
3060 | @kindex q (Browse) | |
3061 | @kindex l (Browse) | |
3062 | @findex gnus-browse-exit | |
3063 | Exit browse mode (@code{gnus-browse-exit}). | |
3064 | ||
3065 | @item ? | |
3066 | @kindex ? (Browse) | |
3067 | @findex gnus-browse-describe-briefly | |
3068 | Describe browse mode briefly (well, there's not much to describe, is | |
3069 | there) (@code{gnus-browse-describe-briefly}). | |
3070 | @end table | |
3071 | ||
3072 | ||
3073 | @node Exiting Gnus | |
3074 | @section Exiting Gnus | |
3075 | @cindex exiting Gnus | |
3076 | ||
3077 | Yes, Gnus is ex(c)iting. | |
3078 | ||
3079 | @table @kbd | |
3080 | @item z | |
3081 | @kindex z (Group) | |
3082 | @findex gnus-group-suspend | |
3083 | Suspend Gnus (@code{gnus-group-suspend}). This doesn't really exit Gnus, | |
3084 | but it kills all buffers except the Group buffer. I'm not sure why this | |
3085 | is a gain, but then who am I to judge? | |
3086 | ||
3087 | @item q | |
3088 | @kindex q (Group) | |
3089 | @findex gnus-group-exit | |
3090 | @c @icon{gnus-group-exit} | |
3091 | Quit Gnus (@code{gnus-group-exit}). | |
3092 | ||
3093 | @item Q | |
3094 | @kindex Q (Group) | |
3095 | @findex gnus-group-quit | |
3096 | Quit Gnus without saving the @file{.newsrc} files (@code{gnus-group-quit}). | |
3097 | The dribble file will be saved, though (@pxref{Auto Save}). | |
3098 | @end table | |
3099 | ||
3100 | @vindex gnus-exit-gnus-hook | |
3101 | @vindex gnus-suspend-gnus-hook | |
3102 | @code{gnus-suspend-gnus-hook} is called when you suspend Gnus and | |
3103 | @code{gnus-exit-gnus-hook} is called when you quit Gnus, while | |
3104 | @code{gnus-after-exiting-gnus-hook} is called as the final item when | |
3105 | exiting Gnus. | |
3106 | ||
3107 | @findex gnus-unload | |
3108 | @cindex unloading | |
3109 | If you wish to completely unload Gnus and all its adherents, you can use | |
3110 | the @code{gnus-unload} command. This command is also very handy when | |
3111 | trying to customize meta-variables. | |
3112 | ||
3113 | Note: | |
3114 | ||
3115 | @quotation | |
3116 | Miss Lisa Cannifax, while sitting in English class, felt her feet go | |
3117 | numbly heavy and herself fall into a hazy trance as the boy sitting | |
3118 | behind her drew repeated lines with his pencil across the back of her | |
3119 | plastic chair. | |
3120 | @end quotation | |
3121 | ||
3122 | ||
3123 | @node Group Topics | |
3124 | @section Group Topics | |
3125 | @cindex topics | |
3126 | ||
3127 | If you read lots and lots of groups, it might be convenient to group | |
3128 | them hierarchically according to topics. You put your Emacs groups over | |
3129 | here, your sex groups over there, and the rest (what, two groups or so?) | |
3130 | you put in some misc section that you never bother with anyway. You can | |
3131 | even group the Emacs sex groups as a sub-topic to either the Emacs | |
3132 | groups or the sex groups---or both! Go wild! | |
3133 | ||
2625a8f7 GM |
3134 | @iftex |
3135 | @iflatex | |
3136 | \gnusfigure{Group Topics}{400}{ | |
3137 | \put(75,50){\epsfig{figure=tmp/group-topic.ps,height=9cm}} | |
3138 | } | |
3139 | @end iflatex | |
3140 | @end iftex | |
3141 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
3142 | Here's an example: |
3143 | ||
3144 | @example | |
3145 | Gnus | |
3146 | Emacs -- I wuw it! | |
3147 | 3: comp.emacs | |
3148 | 2: alt.religion.emacs | |
3149 | Naughty Emacs | |
3150 | 452: alt.sex.emacs | |
3151 | 0: comp.talk.emacs.recovery | |
3152 | Misc | |
3153 | 8: comp.binaries.fractals | |
3154 | 13: comp.sources.unix | |
3155 | @end example | |
3156 | ||
3157 | @findex gnus-topic-mode | |
3158 | @kindex t (Group) | |
3159 | To get this @emph{fab} functionality you simply turn on (ooh!) the | |
3160 | @code{gnus-topic} minor mode---type @kbd{t} in the group buffer. (This | |
3161 | is a toggling command.) | |
3162 | ||
3163 | Go ahead, just try it. I'll still be here when you get back. La de | |
3164 | dum... Nice tune, that... la la la... What, you're back? Yes, and now | |
3165 | press @kbd{l}. There. All your groups are now listed under | |
3166 | @samp{misc}. Doesn't that make you feel all warm and fuzzy? Hot and | |
3167 | bothered? | |
3168 | ||
3169 | If you want this permanently enabled, you should add that minor mode to | |
3170 | the hook for the group mode: | |
3171 | ||
3172 | @lisp | |
3173 | (add-hook 'gnus-group-mode-hook 'gnus-topic-mode) | |
3174 | @end lisp | |
3175 | ||
3176 | @menu | |
3177 | * Topic Variables:: How to customize the topics the Lisp Way. | |
3178 | * Topic Commands:: Interactive E-Z commands. | |
3179 | * Topic Sorting:: Sorting each topic individually. | |
3180 | * Topic Topology:: A map of the world. | |
3181 | * Topic Parameters:: Parameters that apply to all groups in a topic. | |
3182 | @end menu | |
3183 | ||
3184 | ||
3185 | @node Topic Variables | |
3186 | @subsection Topic Variables | |
3187 | @cindex topic variables | |
3188 | ||
3189 | Now, if you select a topic, it will fold/unfold that topic, which is | |
3190 | really neat, I think. | |
3191 | ||
3192 | @vindex gnus-topic-line-format | |
3193 | The topic lines themselves are created according to the | |
3194 | @code{gnus-topic-line-format} variable (@pxref{Formatting Variables}). | |
3195 | Valid elements are: | |
3196 | ||
3197 | @table @samp | |
3198 | @item i | |
3199 | Indentation. | |
3200 | @item n | |
3201 | Topic name. | |
3202 | @item v | |
3203 | Visibility. | |
3204 | @item l | |
3205 | Level. | |
3206 | @item g | |
3207 | Number of groups in the topic. | |
3208 | @item a | |
3209 | Number of unread articles in the topic. | |
3210 | @item A | |
3211 | Number of unread articles in the topic and all its subtopics. | |
3212 | @end table | |
3213 | ||
3214 | @vindex gnus-topic-indent-level | |
3215 | Each sub-topic (and the groups in the sub-topics) will be indented with | |
3216 | @code{gnus-topic-indent-level} times the topic level number of spaces. | |
3217 | The default is 2. | |
3218 | ||
3219 | @vindex gnus-topic-mode-hook | |
3220 | @code{gnus-topic-mode-hook} is called in topic minor mode buffers. | |
3221 | ||
3222 | @vindex gnus-topic-display-empty-topics | |
3223 | The @code{gnus-topic-display-empty-topics} says whether to display even | |
3224 | topics that have no unread articles in them. The default is @code{t}. | |
3225 | ||
3226 | ||
3227 | @node Topic Commands | |
3228 | @subsection Topic Commands | |
3229 | @cindex topic commands | |
3230 | ||
3231 | When the topic minor mode is turned on, a new @kbd{T} submap will be | |
3232 | available. In addition, a few of the standard keys change their | |
3233 | definitions slightly. | |
3234 | ||
3235 | @table @kbd | |
3236 | ||
3237 | @item T n | |
3238 | @kindex T n (Topic) | |
3239 | @findex gnus-topic-create-topic | |
3240 | Prompt for a new topic name and create it | |
3241 | (@code{gnus-topic-create-topic}). | |
3242 | ||
3243 | @item T m | |
3244 | @kindex T m (Topic) | |
3245 | @findex gnus-topic-move-group | |
3246 | Move the current group to some other topic | |
3247 | (@code{gnus-topic-move-group}). This command uses the process/prefix | |
3248 | convention (@pxref{Process/Prefix}). | |
3249 | ||
2625a8f7 GM |
3250 | @item T j |
3251 | @kindex T j (Topic) | |
3252 | @findex gnus-topic-jump-to-topic | |
3253 | Go to a topic (@code{gnus-topic-jump-to-topic}). | |
3254 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
3255 | @item T c |
3256 | @kindex T c (Topic) | |
3257 | @findex gnus-topic-copy-group | |
3258 | Copy the current group to some other topic | |
3259 | (@code{gnus-topic-copy-group}). This command uses the process/prefix | |
3260 | convention (@pxref{Process/Prefix}). | |
3261 | ||
2625a8f7 GM |
3262 | @item T h |
3263 | @kindex T h (Topic) | |
3264 | @findex gnus-topic-hide-topic | |
3265 | Hide the current topic (@code{gnus-topic-hide-topic}). If given | |
3266 | a prefix, hide the topic permanently. | |
3267 | ||
3268 | @item T s | |
3269 | @kindex T s (Topic) | |
3270 | @findex gnus-topic-show-topic | |
3271 | Show the current topic (@code{gnus-topic-show-topic}). If given | |
3272 | a prefix, show the topic permanently. | |
3273 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
3274 | @item T D |
3275 | @kindex T D (Topic) | |
3276 | @findex gnus-topic-remove-group | |
3277 | Remove a group from the current topic (@code{gnus-topic-remove-group}). | |
3278 | This command is mainly useful if you have the same group in several | |
3279 | topics and wish to remove it from one of the topics. You may also | |
3280 | remove a group from all topics, but in that case, Gnus will add it to | |
3281 | the root topic the next time you start Gnus. In fact, all new groups | |
3282 | (which, naturally, don't belong to any topic) will show up in the root | |
2625a8f7 | 3283 | topic. |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3284 | |
3285 | This command uses the process/prefix convention | |
3286 | (@pxref{Process/Prefix}). | |
3287 | ||
3288 | @item T M | |
3289 | @kindex T M (Topic) | |
3290 | @findex gnus-topic-move-matching | |
3291 | Move all groups that match some regular expression to a topic | |
3292 | (@code{gnus-topic-move-matching}). | |
3293 | ||
3294 | @item T C | |
3295 | @kindex T C (Topic) | |
3296 | @findex gnus-topic-copy-matching | |
3297 | Copy all groups that match some regular expression to a topic | |
3298 | (@code{gnus-topic-copy-matching}). | |
3299 | ||
3300 | @item T H | |
3301 | @kindex T H (Topic) | |
3302 | @findex gnus-topic-toggle-display-empty-topics | |
3303 | Toggle hiding empty topics | |
3304 | (@code{gnus-topic-toggle-display-empty-topics}). | |
3305 | ||
3306 | @item T # | |
3307 | @kindex T # (Topic) | |
3308 | @findex gnus-topic-mark-topic | |
3309 | Mark all groups in the current topic with the process mark | |
3310 | (@code{gnus-topic-mark-topic}). | |
3311 | ||
3312 | @item T M-# | |
3313 | @kindex T M-# (Topic) | |
3314 | @findex gnus-topic-unmark-topic | |
3315 | Remove the process mark from all groups in the current topic | |
3316 | (@code{gnus-topic-unmark-topic}). | |
3317 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
3318 | @item T TAB |
3319 | @itemx TAB | |
3320 | @kindex T TAB (Topic) | |
3321 | @kindex TAB (Topic) | |
3322 | @findex gnus-topic-indent | |
3323 | ``Indent'' the current topic so that it becomes a sub-topic of the | |
3324 | previous topic (@code{gnus-topic-indent}). If given a prefix, | |
3325 | ``un-indent'' the topic instead. | |
3326 | ||
3327 | @item M-TAB | |
3328 | @kindex M-TAB (Topic) | |
3329 | @findex gnus-topic-unindent | |
3330 | ``Un-indent'' the current topic so that it becomes a sub-topic of the | |
2625a8f7 GM |
3331 | parent of its current parent (@code{gnus-topic-unindent}). |
3332 | ||
3333 | @item RET | |
3334 | @kindex RET (Topic) | |
3335 | @findex gnus-topic-select-group | |
3336 | @itemx SPACE | |
3337 | Either select a group or fold a topic (@code{gnus-topic-select-group}). | |
3338 | When you perform this command on a group, you'll enter the group, as | |
3339 | usual. When done on a topic line, the topic will be folded (if it was | |
3340 | visible) or unfolded (if it was folded already). So it's basically a | |
3341 | toggling command on topics. In addition, if you give a numerical | |
3342 | prefix, group on that level (and lower) will be displayed. | |
3343 | ||
3344 | @item C-c C-x | |
3345 | @kindex C-c C-x (Topic) | |
3346 | @findex gnus-topic-expire-articles | |
3347 | Run all expirable articles in the current group or topic through the expiry | |
3348 | process (if any) (@code{gnus-topic-expire-articles}). | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3349 | |
3350 | @item C-k | |
3351 | @kindex C-k (Topic) | |
3352 | @findex gnus-topic-kill-group | |
3353 | Kill a group or topic (@code{gnus-topic-kill-group}). All groups in the | |
3354 | topic will be removed along with the topic. | |
3355 | ||
3356 | @item C-y | |
3357 | @kindex C-y (Topic) | |
3358 | @findex gnus-topic-yank-group | |
3359 | Yank the previously killed group or topic | |
3360 | (@code{gnus-topic-yank-group}). Note that all topics will be yanked | |
3361 | before all groups. | |
3362 | ||
3363 | @item T r | |
3364 | @kindex T r (Topic) | |
3365 | @findex gnus-topic-rename | |
3366 | Rename a topic (@code{gnus-topic-rename}). | |
3367 | ||
3368 | @item T DEL | |
3369 | @kindex T DEL (Topic) | |
3370 | @findex gnus-topic-delete | |
3371 | Delete an empty topic (@code{gnus-topic-delete}). | |
3372 | ||
3373 | @item A T | |
3374 | @kindex A T (Topic) | |
3375 | @findex gnus-topic-list-active | |
3376 | List all groups that Gnus knows about in a topics-ified way | |
3377 | (@code{gnus-topic-list-active}). | |
3378 | ||
3379 | @item G p | |
3380 | @kindex G p (Topic) | |
3381 | @findex gnus-topic-edit-parameters | |
3382 | @cindex group parameters | |
3383 | @cindex topic parameters | |
3384 | @cindex parameters | |
3385 | Edit the topic parameters (@code{gnus-topic-edit-parameters}). | |
3386 | @xref{Topic Parameters}. | |
3387 | ||
3388 | @end table | |
3389 | ||
3390 | ||
3391 | @node Topic Sorting | |
3392 | @subsection Topic Sorting | |
3393 | @cindex topic sorting | |
3394 | ||
3395 | You can sort the groups in each topic individually with the following | |
3396 | commands: | |
3397 | ||
3398 | ||
3399 | @table @kbd | |
3400 | @item T S a | |
3401 | @kindex T S a (Topic) | |
3402 | @findex gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-alphabet | |
3403 | Sort the current topic alphabetically by group name | |
3404 | (@code{gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-alphabet}). | |
3405 | ||
3406 | @item T S u | |
3407 | @kindex T S u (Topic) | |
3408 | @findex gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-unread | |
3409 | Sort the current topic by the number of unread articles | |
3410 | (@code{gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-unread}). | |
3411 | ||
3412 | @item T S l | |
3413 | @kindex T S l (Topic) | |
3414 | @findex gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-level | |
3415 | Sort the current topic by group level | |
3416 | (@code{gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-level}). | |
3417 | ||
3418 | @item T S v | |
3419 | @kindex T S v (Topic) | |
3420 | @findex gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-score | |
3421 | Sort the current topic by group score | |
3422 | (@code{gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-score}). @xref{Group Score}. | |
3423 | ||
3424 | @item T S r | |
3425 | @kindex T S r (Topic) | |
3426 | @findex gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-rank | |
3427 | Sort the current topic by group rank | |
3428 | (@code{gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-rank}). @xref{Group Score}. | |
3429 | ||
3430 | @item T S m | |
3431 | @kindex T S m (Topic) | |
3432 | @findex gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-method | |
3433 | Sort the current topic alphabetically by backend name | |
3434 | (@code{gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-method}). | |
3435 | ||
3436 | @end table | |
3437 | ||
3438 | @xref{Sorting Groups}, for more information about group sorting. | |
3439 | ||
3440 | ||
3441 | @node Topic Topology | |
3442 | @subsection Topic Topology | |
3443 | @cindex topic topology | |
3444 | @cindex topology | |
3445 | ||
3446 | So, let's have a look at an example group buffer: | |
3447 | ||
3448 | @example | |
3449 | Gnus | |
3450 | Emacs -- I wuw it! | |
3451 | 3: comp.emacs | |
3452 | 2: alt.religion.emacs | |
3453 | Naughty Emacs | |
3454 | 452: alt.sex.emacs | |
3455 | 0: comp.talk.emacs.recovery | |
3456 | Misc | |
3457 | 8: comp.binaries.fractals | |
3458 | 13: comp.sources.unix | |
3459 | @end example | |
3460 | ||
3461 | So, here we have one top-level topic (@samp{Gnus}), two topics under | |
3462 | that, and one sub-topic under one of the sub-topics. (There is always | |
3463 | just one (1) top-level topic). This topology can be expressed as | |
3464 | follows: | |
3465 | ||
3466 | @lisp | |
3467 | (("Gnus" visible) | |
3468 | (("Emacs -- I wuw it!" visible) | |
3469 | (("Naughty Emacs" visible))) | |
3470 | (("Misc" visible))) | |
3471 | @end lisp | |
3472 | ||
3473 | @vindex gnus-topic-topology | |
3474 | This is in fact how the variable @code{gnus-topic-topology} would look | |
3475 | for the display above. That variable is saved in the @file{.newsrc.eld} | |
3476 | file, and shouldn't be messed with manually---unless you really want | |
3477 | to. Since this variable is read from the @file{.newsrc.eld} file, | |
3478 | setting it in any other startup files will have no effect. | |
3479 | ||
3480 | This topology shows what topics are sub-topics of what topics (right), | |
3481 | and which topics are visible. Two settings are currently | |
3482 | allowed---@code{visible} and @code{invisible}. | |
3483 | ||
3484 | ||
3485 | @node Topic Parameters | |
3486 | @subsection Topic Parameters | |
3487 | @cindex topic parameters | |
3488 | ||
3489 | All groups in a topic will inherit group parameters from the parent (and | |
3490 | ancestor) topic parameters. All valid group parameters are valid topic | |
3491 | parameters (@pxref{Group Parameters}). | |
3492 | ||
2625a8f7 GM |
3493 | In addition, the following parameters are only valid as topic |
3494 | parameters: | |
3495 | ||
3496 | @table @code | |
3497 | @item subscribe | |
3498 | When subscribing new groups by topic (@pxref{Subscription Methods}), the | |
3499 | @code{subscribe} topic parameter says what groups go in what topic. Its | |
3500 | value should be a regexp to match the groups that should go in that | |
3501 | topic. | |
3502 | ||
3503 | @end table | |
3504 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
3505 | Group parameters (of course) override topic parameters, and topic |
3506 | parameters in sub-topics override topic parameters in super-topics. You | |
3507 | know. Normal inheritance rules. (@dfn{Rules} is here a noun, not a | |
3508 | verb, although you may feel free to disagree with me here.) | |
3509 | ||
3510 | @example | |
3511 | Gnus | |
3512 | Emacs | |
3513 | 3: comp.emacs | |
3514 | 2: alt.religion.emacs | |
3515 | 452: alt.sex.emacs | |
3516 | Relief | |
3517 | 452: alt.sex.emacs | |
3518 | 0: comp.talk.emacs.recovery | |
3519 | Misc | |
3520 | 8: comp.binaries.fractals | |
3521 | 13: comp.sources.unix | |
3522 | 452: alt.sex.emacs | |
3523 | @end example | |
3524 | ||
3525 | The @samp{Emacs} topic has the topic parameter @code{(score-file | |
3526 | . "emacs.SCORE")}; the @samp{Relief} topic has the topic parameter | |
3527 | @code{(score-file . "relief.SCORE")}; and the @samp{Misc} topic has the | |
3528 | topic parameter @code{(score-file . "emacs.SCORE")}. In addition, | |
3529 | @* @samp{alt.religion.emacs} has the group parameter @code{(score-file | |
3530 | . "religion.SCORE")}. | |
3531 | ||
3532 | Now, when you enter @samp{alt.sex.emacs} in the @samp{Relief} topic, you | |
3533 | will get the @file{relief.SCORE} home score file. If you enter the same | |
3534 | group in the @samp{Emacs} topic, you'll get the @file{emacs.SCORE} home | |
3535 | score file. If you enter the group @samp{alt.religion.emacs}, you'll | |
3536 | get the @file{religion.SCORE} home score file. | |
3537 | ||
3538 | This seems rather simple and self-evident, doesn't it? Well, yes. But | |
3539 | there are some problems, especially with the @code{total-expiry} | |
3540 | parameter. Say you have a mail group in two topics; one with | |
3541 | @code{total-expiry} and one without. What happens when you do @kbd{M-x | |
3542 | gnus-expire-all-expirable-groups}? Gnus has no way of telling which one | |
3543 | of these topics you mean to expire articles from, so anything may | |
3544 | happen. In fact, I hereby declare that it is @dfn{undefined} what | |
3545 | happens. You just have to be careful if you do stuff like that. | |
3546 | ||
3547 | ||
3548 | @node Misc Group Stuff | |
3549 | @section Misc Group Stuff | |
3550 | ||
3551 | @menu | |
3552 | * Scanning New Messages:: Asking Gnus to see whether new messages have arrived. | |
3553 | * Group Information:: Information and help on groups and Gnus. | |
3554 | * Group Timestamp:: Making Gnus keep track of when you last read a group. | |
3555 | * File Commands:: Reading and writing the Gnus files. | |
3556 | @end menu | |
3557 | ||
3558 | @table @kbd | |
3559 | ||
3560 | @item ^ | |
3561 | @kindex ^ (Group) | |
3562 | @findex gnus-group-enter-server-mode | |
3563 | Enter the server buffer (@code{gnus-group-enter-server-mode}). | |
3564 | @xref{The Server Buffer}. | |
3565 | ||
3566 | @item a | |
3567 | @kindex a (Group) | |
3568 | @findex gnus-group-post-news | |
3569 | Post an article to a group (@code{gnus-group-post-news}). If given a | |
3570 | prefix, the current group name will be used as the default. | |
3571 | ||
3572 | @item m | |
3573 | @kindex m (Group) | |
3574 | @findex gnus-group-mail | |
3575 | Mail a message somewhere (@code{gnus-group-mail}). | |
3576 | ||
3577 | @end table | |
3578 | ||
3579 | Variables for the group buffer: | |
3580 | ||
3581 | @table @code | |
3582 | ||
3583 | @item gnus-group-mode-hook | |
3584 | @vindex gnus-group-mode-hook | |
3585 | is called after the group buffer has been | |
3586 | created. | |
3587 | ||
3588 | @item gnus-group-prepare-hook | |
3589 | @vindex gnus-group-prepare-hook | |
3590 | is called after the group buffer is | |
3591 | generated. It may be used to modify the buffer in some strange, | |
3592 | unnatural way. | |
3593 | ||
3594 | @item gnus-group-prepared-hook | |
3595 | @vindex gnus-group-prepare-hook | |
3596 | is called as the very last thing after the group buffer has been | |
3597 | generated. It may be used to move point around, for instance. | |
3598 | ||
3599 | @item gnus-permanently-visible-groups | |
3600 | @vindex gnus-permanently-visible-groups | |
3601 | Groups matching this regexp will always be listed in the group buffer, | |
3602 | whether they are empty or not. | |
3603 | ||
2625a8f7 GM |
3604 | @item gnus-group-name-charset-method-alist |
3605 | @vindex gnus-group-name-charset-method-alist | |
3606 | An alist of method and the charset for group names. It is used to show | |
3607 | non-ASCII group names. | |
6bf7aab6 | 3608 | |
2625a8f7 GM |
3609 | For example: |
3610 | @lisp | |
3611 | (setq gnus-group-name-charset-method-alist | |
3612 | '(((nntp "news.com.cn") . cn-gb-2312))) | |
3613 | @end lisp | |
3614 | ||
3615 | @item gnus-group-name-charset-group-alist | |
3616 | @vindex gnus-group-name-charset-group-alist | |
3617 | An alist of regexp of group name and the charset for group names. | |
3618 | It is used to show non-ASCII group names. | |
3619 | ||
3620 | For example: | |
3621 | @lisp | |
3622 | (setq gnus-group-name-charset-group-alist | |
3623 | '(("\\.com\\.cn:" . cn-gb-2312))) | |
3624 | @end lisp | |
3625 | ||
3626 | @end table | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3627 | |
3628 | @node Scanning New Messages | |
3629 | @subsection Scanning New Messages | |
3630 | @cindex new messages | |
3631 | @cindex scanning new news | |
3632 | ||
3633 | @table @kbd | |
3634 | ||
3635 | @item g | |
3636 | @kindex g (Group) | |
3637 | @findex gnus-group-get-new-news | |
3638 | @c @icon{gnus-group-get-new-news} | |
3639 | Check the server(s) for new articles. If the numerical prefix is used, | |
3640 | this command will check only groups of level @var{arg} and lower | |
3641 | (@code{gnus-group-get-new-news}). If given a non-numerical prefix, this | |
3642 | command will force a total re-reading of the active file(s) from the | |
3643 | backend(s). | |
3644 | ||
3645 | @item M-g | |
3646 | @kindex M-g (Group) | |
3647 | @findex gnus-group-get-new-news-this-group | |
3648 | @vindex gnus-goto-next-group-when-activating | |
3649 | @c @icon{gnus-group-get-new-news-this-group} | |
3650 | Check whether new articles have arrived in the current group | |
3651 | (@code{gnus-group-get-new-news-this-group}). | |
3652 | @code{gnus-goto-next-group-when-activating} says whether this command is | |
3653 | to move point to the next group or not. It is @code{t} by default. | |
3654 | ||
3655 | @findex gnus-activate-all-groups | |
3656 | @cindex activating groups | |
3657 | @item C-c M-g | |
3658 | @kindex C-c M-g (Group) | |
3659 | Activate absolutely all groups (@code{gnus-activate-all-groups}). | |
3660 | ||
3661 | @item R | |
3662 | @kindex R (Group) | |
3663 | @cindex restarting | |
3664 | @findex gnus-group-restart | |
3665 | Restart Gnus (@code{gnus-group-restart}). This saves the @file{.newsrc} | |
3666 | file(s), closes the connection to all servers, clears up all run-time | |
3667 | Gnus variables, and then starts Gnus all over again. | |
3668 | ||
3669 | @end table | |
3670 | ||
3671 | @vindex gnus-get-new-news-hook | |
3672 | @code{gnus-get-new-news-hook} is run just before checking for new news. | |
3673 | ||
3674 | @vindex gnus-after-getting-new-news-hook | |
3675 | @code{gnus-after-getting-new-news-hook} is run after checking for new | |
3676 | news. | |
3677 | ||
3678 | ||
3679 | @node Group Information | |
3680 | @subsection Group Information | |
3681 | @cindex group information | |
3682 | @cindex information on groups | |
3683 | ||
3684 | @table @kbd | |
3685 | ||
3686 | ||
3687 | @item H f | |
3688 | @kindex H f (Group) | |
3689 | @findex gnus-group-fetch-faq | |
3690 | @vindex gnus-group-faq-directory | |
3691 | @cindex FAQ | |
3692 | @cindex ange-ftp | |
3693 | Try to fetch the FAQ for the current group | |
3694 | (@code{gnus-group-fetch-faq}). Gnus will try to get the FAQ from | |
3695 | @code{gnus-group-faq-directory}, which is usually a directory on a | |
3696 | remote machine. This variable can also be a list of directories. In | |
3697 | that case, giving a prefix to this command will allow you to choose | |
3698 | between the various sites. @code{ange-ftp} (or @code{efs}) will be used | |
3699 | for fetching the file. | |
3700 | ||
3701 | If fetching from the first site is unsuccessful, Gnus will attempt to go | |
3702 | through @code{gnus-group-faq-directory} and try to open them one by one. | |
3703 | ||
3704 | @item H d | |
3705 | @itemx C-c C-d | |
3706 | @c @icon{gnus-group-describe-group} | |
3707 | @kindex H d (Group) | |
3708 | @kindex C-c C-d (Group) | |
3709 | @cindex describing groups | |
3710 | @cindex group description | |
3711 | @findex gnus-group-describe-group | |
3712 | Describe the current group (@code{gnus-group-describe-group}). If given | |
3713 | a prefix, force Gnus to re-read the description from the server. | |
3714 | ||
3715 | @item M-d | |
3716 | @kindex M-d (Group) | |
3717 | @findex gnus-group-describe-all-groups | |
3718 | Describe all groups (@code{gnus-group-describe-all-groups}). If given a | |
3719 | prefix, force Gnus to re-read the description file from the server. | |
3720 | ||
3721 | @item H v | |
3722 | @itemx V | |
3723 | @kindex V (Group) | |
3724 | @kindex H v (Group) | |
3725 | @cindex version | |
3726 | @findex gnus-version | |
3727 | Display current Gnus version numbers (@code{gnus-version}). | |
3728 | ||
3729 | @item ? | |
3730 | @kindex ? (Group) | |
3731 | @findex gnus-group-describe-briefly | |
3732 | Give a very short help message (@code{gnus-group-describe-briefly}). | |
3733 | ||
3734 | @item C-c C-i | |
3735 | @kindex C-c C-i (Group) | |
3736 | @cindex info | |
3737 | @cindex manual | |
3738 | @findex gnus-info-find-node | |
3739 | Go to the Gnus info node (@code{gnus-info-find-node}). | |
3740 | @end table | |
3741 | ||
3742 | ||
3743 | @node Group Timestamp | |
3744 | @subsection Group Timestamp | |
3745 | @cindex timestamps | |
3746 | @cindex group timestamps | |
3747 | ||
3748 | It can be convenient to let Gnus keep track of when you last read a | |
3749 | group. To set the ball rolling, you should add | |
3750 | @code{gnus-group-set-timestamp} to @code{gnus-select-group-hook}: | |
3751 | ||
3752 | @lisp | |
3753 | (add-hook 'gnus-select-group-hook 'gnus-group-set-timestamp) | |
3754 | @end lisp | |
3755 | ||
3756 | After doing this, each time you enter a group, it'll be recorded. | |
3757 | ||
3758 | This information can be displayed in various ways---the easiest is to | |
3759 | use the @samp{%d} spec in the group line format: | |
3760 | ||
3761 | @lisp | |
3762 | (setq gnus-group-line-format | |
3763 | "%M\%S\%p\%P\%5y: %(%-40,40g%) %d\n") | |
3764 | @end lisp | |
3765 | ||
3766 | This will result in lines looking like: | |
3767 | ||
3768 | @example | |
3769 | * 0: mail.ding 19961002T012943 | |
3770 | 0: custom 19961002T012713 | |
3771 | @end example | |
3772 | ||
3773 | As you can see, the date is displayed in compact ISO 8601 format. This | |
3774 | may be a bit too much, so to just display the date, you could say | |
3775 | something like: | |
3776 | ||
3777 | @lisp | |
3778 | (setq gnus-group-line-format | |
3779 | "%M\%S\%p\%P\%5y: %(%-40,40g%) %6,6~(cut 2)d\n") | |
3780 | @end lisp | |
3781 | ||
3782 | ||
3783 | @node File Commands | |
3784 | @subsection File Commands | |
3785 | @cindex file commands | |
3786 | ||
3787 | @table @kbd | |
3788 | ||
3789 | @item r | |
3790 | @kindex r (Group) | |
3791 | @findex gnus-group-read-init-file | |
3792 | @vindex gnus-init-file | |
3793 | @cindex reading init file | |
3794 | Re-read the init file (@code{gnus-init-file}, which defaults to | |
3795 | @file{~/.gnus}) (@code{gnus-group-read-init-file}). | |
3796 | ||
3797 | @item s | |
3798 | @kindex s (Group) | |
3799 | @findex gnus-group-save-newsrc | |
3800 | @cindex saving .newsrc | |
3801 | Save the @file{.newsrc.eld} file (and @file{.newsrc} if wanted) | |
3802 | (@code{gnus-group-save-newsrc}). If given a prefix, force saving the | |
3803 | file(s) whether Gnus thinks it is necessary or not. | |
3804 | ||
3805 | @c @item Z | |
3806 | @c @kindex Z (Group) | |
3807 | @c @findex gnus-group-clear-dribble | |
3808 | @c Clear the dribble buffer (@code{gnus-group-clear-dribble}). | |
3809 | ||
3810 | @end table | |
3811 | ||
3812 | ||
3813 | @node The Summary Buffer | |
3814 | @chapter The Summary Buffer | |
3815 | @cindex summary buffer | |
3816 | ||
3817 | A line for each article is displayed in the summary buffer. You can | |
3818 | move around, read articles, post articles and reply to articles. | |
3819 | ||
3820 | The most common way to a summary buffer is to select a group from the | |
3821 | group buffer (@pxref{Selecting a Group}). | |
3822 | ||
3823 | You can have as many summary buffers open as you wish. | |
3824 | ||
3825 | @menu | |
3826 | * Summary Buffer Format:: Deciding how the summary buffer is to look. | |
3827 | * Summary Maneuvering:: Moving around the summary buffer. | |
3828 | * Choosing Articles:: Reading articles. | |
3829 | * Paging the Article:: Scrolling the current article. | |
3830 | * Reply Followup and Post:: Posting articles. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3831 | * Marking Articles:: Marking articles as read, expirable, etc. |
3832 | * Limiting:: You can limit the summary buffer. | |
3833 | * Threading:: How threads are made. | |
3834 | * Sorting:: How articles and threads are sorted. | |
3835 | * Asynchronous Fetching:: Gnus might be able to pre-fetch articles. | |
3836 | * Article Caching:: You may store articles in a cache. | |
3837 | * Persistent Articles:: Making articles expiry-resistant. | |
3838 | * Article Backlog:: Having already read articles hang around. | |
3839 | * Saving Articles:: Ways of customizing article saving. | |
3840 | * Decoding Articles:: Gnus can treat series of (uu)encoded articles. | |
3841 | * Article Treatment:: The article buffer can be mangled at will. | |
2625a8f7 GM |
3842 | * MIME Commands:: Doing MIMEy things with the articles. |
3843 | * Charsets:: Character set issues. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3844 | * Article Commands:: Doing various things with the article buffer. |
3845 | * Summary Sorting:: Sorting the summary buffer in various ways. | |
3846 | * Finding the Parent:: No child support? Get the parent. | |
3847 | * Alternative Approaches:: Reading using non-default summaries. | |
3848 | * Tree Display:: A more visual display of threads. | |
3849 | * Mail Group Commands:: Some commands can only be used in mail groups. | |
3850 | * Various Summary Stuff:: What didn't fit anywhere else. | |
dda5808a DL |
3851 | * Exiting the Summary Buffer:: Returning to the Group buffer, |
3852 | or reselecting the current group. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3853 | * Crosspost Handling:: How crossposted articles are dealt with. |
3854 | * Duplicate Suppression:: An alternative when crosspost handling fails. | |
3855 | @end menu | |
3856 | ||
3857 | ||
3858 | @node Summary Buffer Format | |
3859 | @section Summary Buffer Format | |
3860 | @cindex summary buffer format | |
3861 | ||
2625a8f7 GM |
3862 | @iftex |
3863 | @iflatex | |
3864 | \gnusfigure{The Summary Buffer}{180}{ | |
3865 | \put(0,0){\epsfig{figure=tmp/summary.ps,width=7.5cm}} | |
3866 | \put(445,0){\makebox(0,0)[br]{\epsfig{figure=tmp/summary-article.ps,width=7.5cm}}} | |
3867 | } | |
3868 | @end iflatex | |
3869 | @end iftex | |
3870 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
3871 | @menu |
3872 | * Summary Buffer Lines:: You can specify how summary lines should look. | |
2625a8f7 | 3873 | * To From Newsgroups:: How to not display your own name. |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3874 | * Summary Buffer Mode Line:: You can say how the mode line should look. |
3875 | * Summary Highlighting:: Making the summary buffer all pretty and nice. | |
3876 | @end menu | |
3877 | ||
3878 | @findex mail-extract-address-components | |
3879 | @findex gnus-extract-address-components | |
3880 | @vindex gnus-extract-address-components | |
3881 | Gnus will use the value of the @code{gnus-extract-address-components} | |
3882 | variable as a function for getting the name and address parts of a | |
3883 | @code{From} header. Two pre-defined functions exist: | |
3884 | @code{gnus-extract-address-components}, which is the default, quite | |
3885 | fast, and too simplistic solution; and | |
3886 | @code{mail-extract-address-components}, which works very nicely, but is | |
3887 | slower. The default function will return the wrong answer in 5% of the | |
2625a8f7 GM |
3888 | cases. If this is unacceptable to you, use the other function instead: |
3889 | ||
3890 | @lisp | |
3891 | (setq gnus-extract-address-components | |
3892 | 'mail-extract-address-components) | |
3893 | @end lisp | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3894 | |
3895 | @vindex gnus-summary-same-subject | |
3896 | @code{gnus-summary-same-subject} is a string indicating that the current | |
3897 | article has the same subject as the previous. This string will be used | |
3898 | with those specs that require it. The default is @code{""}. | |
3899 | ||
3900 | ||
3901 | @node Summary Buffer Lines | |
3902 | @subsection Summary Buffer Lines | |
3903 | ||
3904 | @vindex gnus-summary-line-format | |
3905 | You can change the format of the lines in the summary buffer by changing | |
3906 | the @code{gnus-summary-line-format} variable. It works along the same | |
3907 | lines as a normal @code{format} string, with some extensions | |
3908 | (@pxref{Formatting Variables}). | |
3909 | ||
3910 | The default string is @samp{%U%R%z%I%(%[%4L: %-20,20n%]%) %s\n}. | |
3911 | ||
3912 | The following format specification characters are understood: | |
3913 | ||
3914 | @table @samp | |
3915 | @item N | |
3916 | Article number. | |
3917 | @item S | |
2625a8f7 GM |
3918 | Subject string. List identifiers stripped, |
3919 | @code{gnus-list-identifies}. @xref{Article Hiding}. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3920 | @item s |
3921 | Subject if the article is the root of the thread or the previous article | |
3922 | had a different subject, @code{gnus-summary-same-subject} otherwise. | |
3923 | (@code{gnus-summary-same-subject} defaults to @code{""}.) | |
3924 | @item F | |
3925 | Full @code{From} header. | |
3926 | @item n | |
3927 | The name (from the @code{From} header). | |
2625a8f7 GM |
3928 | @item f |
3929 | The name, code @code{To} header or the @code{Newsgroups} header | |
3930 | (@pxref{To From Newsgroups}). | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3931 | @item a |
3932 | The name (from the @code{From} header). This differs from the @code{n} | |
3933 | spec in that it uses the function designated by the | |
3934 | @code{gnus-extract-address-components} variable, which is slower, but | |
3935 | may be more thorough. | |
3936 | @item A | |
3937 | The address (from the @code{From} header). This works the same way as | |
3938 | the @code{a} spec. | |
3939 | @item L | |
3940 | Number of lines in the article. | |
3941 | @item c | |
2625a8f7 GM |
3942 | Number of characters in the article. This specifier is not supported in some |
3943 | methods (like nnfolder). | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3944 | @item I |
3945 | Indentation based on thread level (@pxref{Customizing Threading}). | |
3946 | @item T | |
3947 | Nothing if the article is a root and lots of spaces if it isn't (it | |
3948 | pushes everything after it off the screen). | |
3949 | @item [ | |
3950 | Opening bracket, which is normally @samp{[}, but can also be @samp{<} | |
3951 | for adopted articles (@pxref{Customizing Threading}). | |
3952 | @item ] | |
3953 | Closing bracket, which is normally @samp{]}, but can also be @samp{>} | |
3954 | for adopted articles. | |
3955 | @item > | |
3956 | One space for each thread level. | |
3957 | @item < | |
3958 | Twenty minus thread level spaces. | |
3959 | @item U | |
3960 | Unread. | |
3961 | ||
3962 | @item R | |
3963 | This misleadingly named specifier is the @dfn{secondary mark}. This | |
3964 | mark will say whether the article has been replied to, has been cached, | |
2625a8f7 | 3965 | or has been saved. |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3966 | |
3967 | @item i | |
3968 | Score as a number (@pxref{Scoring}). | |
3969 | @item z | |
3970 | @vindex gnus-summary-zcore-fuzz | |
3971 | Zcore, @samp{+} if above the default level and @samp{-} if below the | |
3972 | default level. If the difference between | |
3973 | @code{gnus-summary-default-score} and the score is less than | |
3974 | @code{gnus-summary-zcore-fuzz}, this spec will not be used. | |
3975 | @item V | |
3976 | Total thread score. | |
3977 | @item x | |
3978 | @code{Xref}. | |
3979 | @item D | |
3980 | @code{Date}. | |
3981 | @item d | |
3982 | The @code{Date} in @code{DD-MMM} format. | |
3983 | @item o | |
3984 | The @code{Date} in @var{YYYYMMDD}@code{T}@var{HHMMSS} format. | |
3985 | @item M | |
3986 | @code{Message-ID}. | |
3987 | @item r | |
3988 | @code{References}. | |
3989 | @item t | |
3990 | Number of articles in the current sub-thread. Using this spec will slow | |
3991 | down summary buffer generation somewhat. | |
3992 | @item e | |
3993 | An @samp{=} (@code{gnus-not-empty-thread-mark}) will be displayed if the | |
3994 | article has any children. | |
3995 | @item P | |
3996 | The line number. | |
3997 | @item O | |
3998 | Download mark. | |
3999 | @item u | |
4000 | User defined specifier. The next character in the format string should | |
4001 | be a letter. Gnus will call the function | |
4002 | @code{gnus-user-format-function-}@samp{X}, where @samp{X} is the letter | |
4003 | following @samp{%u}. The function will be passed the current header as | |
4004 | argument. The function should return a string, which will be inserted | |
4005 | into the summary just like information from any other summary specifier. | |
4006 | @end table | |
4007 | ||
4008 | The @samp{%U} (status), @samp{%R} (replied) and @samp{%z} (zcore) specs | |
4009 | have to be handled with care. For reasons of efficiency, Gnus will | |
4010 | compute what column these characters will end up in, and ``hard-code'' | |
4011 | that. This means that it is invalid to have these specs after a | |
4012 | variable-length spec. Well, you might not be arrested, but your summary | |
4013 | buffer will look strange, which is bad enough. | |
4014 | ||
4015 | The smart choice is to have these specs as far to the left as possible. | |
4016 | (Isn't that the case with everything, though? But I digress.) | |
4017 | ||
4018 | This restriction may disappear in later versions of Gnus. | |
4019 | ||
4020 | ||
2625a8f7 GM |
4021 | @node To From Newsgroups |
4022 | @subsection To From Newsgroups | |
4023 | @cindex To | |
4024 | @cindex Newsgroups | |
4025 | ||
4026 | In some groups (particularly in archive groups), the @code{From} header | |
4027 | isn't very interesting, since all the articles there are written by | |
4028 | you. To display the information in the @code{To} or @code{Newsgroups} | |
4029 | headers instead, you need to decide three things: What information to | |
4030 | gather; where to display it; and when to display it. | |
4031 | ||
4032 | @enumerate | |
4033 | @item | |
4034 | @vindex gnus-extra-headers | |
4035 | The reading of extra header information is controlled by the | |
4036 | @code{gnus-extra-headers}. This is a list of header symbols. For | |
4037 | instance: | |
4038 | ||
4039 | @lisp | |
4040 | (setq gnus-extra-headers | |
4041 | '(To Newsgroups X-Newsreader)) | |
4042 | @end lisp | |
4043 | ||
4044 | This will result in Gnus trying to obtain these three headers, and | |
4045 | storing it in header structures for later easy retrieval. | |
4046 | ||
4047 | @item | |
4048 | @findex gnus-extra-header | |
4049 | The value of these extra headers can be accessed via the | |
4050 | @code{gnus-extra-header} function. Here's a format line spec that will | |
4051 | access the @code{X-Newsreader} header: | |
4052 | ||
4053 | @example | |
4054 | "%~(form (gnus-extra-header 'X-Newsreader))@@" | |
4055 | @end example | |
4056 | ||
4057 | @item | |
4058 | @vindex gnus-ignored-from-addresses | |
4059 | The @code{gnus-ignored-from-addresses} variable says when the @samp{%f} | |
4060 | summary line spec returns the @code{To}, @code{Newsreader} or | |
4061 | @code{From} header. If this regexp matches the contents of the | |
4062 | @code{From} header, the value of the @code{To} or @code{Newsreader} | |
4063 | headers are used instead. | |
4064 | ||
4065 | @end enumerate | |
4066 | ||
4067 | @vindex nnmail-extra-headers | |
4068 | A related variable is @code{nnmail-extra-headers}, which controls when | |
4069 | to include extra headers when generating overview (@sc{nov}) files. If | |
4070 | you have old overview files, you should regenerate them after changing | |
4071 | this variable. | |
4072 | ||
4073 | @vindex gnus-summary-line-format | |
4074 | You also have to instruct Gnus to display the data by changing the | |
4075 | @code{%n} spec to the @code{%f} spec in the | |
4076 | @code{gnus-summary-line-format} variable. | |
4077 | ||
4078 | In summary, you'd typically do something like the following: | |
4079 | ||
4080 | @lisp | |
4081 | (setq gnus-extra-headers | |
4082 | '(To Newsgroups)) | |
4083 | (setq nnmail-extra-headers gnus-extra-headers) | |
4084 | (setq gnus-summary-line-format | |
4085 | "%U%R%z%I%(%[%4L: %-20,20f%]%) %s\n") | |
4086 | (setq gnus-ignored-from-addresses | |
4087 | "Your Name Here") | |
4088 | @end lisp | |
4089 | ||
4090 | Now, this is mostly useful for mail groups, where you have control over | |
4091 | the @sc{nov} files that are created. However, if you can persuade your | |
4092 | nntp admin to add: | |
4093 | ||
4094 | @example | |
4095 | Newsgroups:full | |
4096 | @end example | |
4097 | ||
4098 | to the end of her @file{overview.fmt} file, then you can use that just | |
4099 | as you would the extra headers from the mail groups. | |
4100 | ||
4101 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
4102 | @node Summary Buffer Mode Line |
4103 | @subsection Summary Buffer Mode Line | |
4104 | ||
4105 | @vindex gnus-summary-mode-line-format | |
4106 | You can also change the format of the summary mode bar (@pxref{Mode Line | |
4107 | Formatting}). Set @code{gnus-summary-mode-line-format} to whatever you | |
4108 | like. The default is @samp{Gnus: %%b [%A] %Z}. | |
4109 | ||
4110 | Here are the elements you can play with: | |
4111 | ||
4112 | @table @samp | |
4113 | @item G | |
4114 | Group name. | |
4115 | @item p | |
4116 | Unprefixed group name. | |
4117 | @item A | |
4118 | Current article number. | |
4119 | @item z | |
4120 | Current article score. | |
4121 | @item V | |
4122 | Gnus version. | |
4123 | @item U | |
4124 | Number of unread articles in this group. | |
4125 | @item e | |
4126 | Number of unread articles in this group that aren't displayed in the | |
4127 | summary buffer. | |
4128 | @item Z | |
4129 | A string with the number of unread and unselected articles represented | |
4130 | either as @samp{<%U(+%e) more>} if there are both unread and unselected | |
4131 | articles, and just as @samp{<%U more>} if there are just unread articles | |
4132 | and no unselected ones. | |
4133 | @item g | |
4134 | Shortish group name. For instance, @samp{rec.arts.anime} will be | |
4135 | shortened to @samp{r.a.anime}. | |
4136 | @item S | |
4137 | Subject of the current article. | |
4138 | @item u | |
4139 | User-defined spec (@pxref{User-Defined Specs}). | |
4140 | @item s | |
4141 | Name of the current score file (@pxref{Scoring}). | |
4142 | @item d | |
4143 | Number of dormant articles (@pxref{Unread Articles}). | |
4144 | @item t | |
4145 | Number of ticked articles (@pxref{Unread Articles}). | |
4146 | @item r | |
4147 | Number of articles that have been marked as read in this session. | |
4148 | @item E | |
4149 | Number of articles expunged by the score files. | |
4150 | @end table | |
4151 | ||
4152 | ||
4153 | @node Summary Highlighting | |
4154 | @subsection Summary Highlighting | |
4155 | ||
4156 | @table @code | |
4157 | ||
4158 | @item gnus-visual-mark-article-hook | |
4159 | @vindex gnus-visual-mark-article-hook | |
4160 | This hook is run after selecting an article. It is meant to be used for | |
4161 | highlighting the article in some way. It is not run if | |
4162 | @code{gnus-visual} is @code{nil}. | |
4163 | ||
4164 | @item gnus-summary-update-hook | |
4165 | @vindex gnus-summary-update-hook | |
4166 | This hook is called when a summary line is changed. It is not run if | |
4167 | @code{gnus-visual} is @code{nil}. | |
4168 | ||
4169 | @item gnus-summary-selected-face | |
4170 | @vindex gnus-summary-selected-face | |
4171 | This is the face (or @dfn{font} as some people call it) used to | |
4172 | highlight the current article in the summary buffer. | |
4173 | ||
4174 | @item gnus-summary-highlight | |
4175 | @vindex gnus-summary-highlight | |
4176 | Summary lines are highlighted according to this variable, which is a | |
2625a8f7 GM |
4177 | list where the elements are of the format @code{(@var{form} |
4178 | . @var{face})}. If you would, for instance, like ticked articles to be | |
4179 | italic and high-scored articles to be bold, you could set this variable | |
4180 | to something like | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
4181 | @lisp |
4182 | (((eq mark gnus-ticked-mark) . italic) | |
4183 | ((> score default) . bold)) | |
4184 | @end lisp | |
2625a8f7 GM |
4185 | As you may have guessed, if @var{form} returns a non-@code{nil} value, |
4186 | @var{face} will be applied to the line. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
4187 | @end table |
4188 | ||
4189 | ||
4190 | @node Summary Maneuvering | |
4191 | @section Summary Maneuvering | |
4192 | @cindex summary movement | |
4193 | ||
4194 | All the straight movement commands understand the numeric prefix and | |
4195 | behave pretty much as you'd expect. | |
4196 | ||
4197 | None of these commands select articles. | |
4198 | ||
4199 | @table @kbd | |
4200 | @item G M-n | |
4201 | @itemx M-n | |
4202 | @kindex M-n (Summary) | |
4203 | @kindex G M-n (Summary) | |
4204 | @findex gnus-summary-next-unread-subject | |
4205 | Go to the next summary line of an unread article | |
4206 | (@code{gnus-summary-next-unread-subject}). | |
4207 | ||
4208 | @item G M-p | |
4209 | @itemx M-p | |
4210 | @kindex M-p (Summary) | |
4211 | @kindex G M-p (Summary) | |
4212 | @findex gnus-summary-prev-unread-subject | |
4213 | Go to the previous summary line of an unread article | |
4214 | (@code{gnus-summary-prev-unread-subject}). | |
4215 | ||
4216 | @item G j | |
4217 | @itemx j | |
4218 | @kindex j (Summary) | |
4219 | @kindex G j (Summary) | |
4220 | @findex gnus-summary-goto-article | |
4221 | Ask for an article number or @code{Message-ID}, and then go to that | |
4222 | article (@code{gnus-summary-goto-article}). | |
4223 | ||
4224 | @item G g | |
4225 | @kindex G g (Summary) | |
4226 | @findex gnus-summary-goto-subject | |
4227 | Ask for an article number and then go to the summary line of that article | |
4228 | without displaying the article (@code{gnus-summary-goto-subject}). | |
4229 | @end table | |
4230 | ||
4231 | If Gnus asks you to press a key to confirm going to the next group, you | |
4232 | can use the @kbd{C-n} and @kbd{C-p} keys to move around the group | |
4233 | buffer, searching for the next group to read without actually returning | |
4234 | to the group buffer. | |
4235 | ||
4236 | Variables related to summary movement: | |
4237 | ||
4238 | @table @code | |
4239 | ||
4240 | @vindex gnus-auto-select-next | |
4241 | @item gnus-auto-select-next | |
4242 | If you issue one of the movement commands (like @kbd{n}) and there are | |
4243 | no more unread articles after the current one, Gnus will offer to go to | |
4244 | the next group. If this variable is @code{t} and the next group is | |
4245 | empty, Gnus will exit summary mode and return to the group buffer. If | |
4246 | this variable is neither @code{t} nor @code{nil}, Gnus will select the | |
4247 | next group, no matter whether it has any unread articles or not. As a | |
4248 | special case, if this variable is @code{quietly}, Gnus will select the | |
4249 | next group without asking for confirmation. If this variable is | |
4250 | @code{almost-quietly}, the same will happen only if you are located on | |
4251 | the last article in the group. Finally, if this variable is | |
4252 | @code{slightly-quietly}, the @kbd{Z n} command will go to the next group | |
4253 | without confirmation. Also @pxref{Group Levels}. | |
4254 | ||
4255 | @item gnus-auto-select-same | |
4256 | @vindex gnus-auto-select-same | |
4257 | If non-@code{nil}, all the movement commands will try to go to the next | |
4258 | article with the same subject as the current. (@dfn{Same} here might | |
4259 | mean @dfn{roughly equal}. See @code{gnus-summary-gather-subject-limit} | |
4260 | for details (@pxref{Customizing Threading}).) If there are no more | |
4261 | articles with the same subject, go to the first unread article. | |
4262 | ||
4263 | This variable is not particularly useful if you use a threaded display. | |
4264 | ||
4265 | @item gnus-summary-check-current | |
4266 | @vindex gnus-summary-check-current | |
4267 | If non-@code{nil}, all the ``unread'' movement commands will not proceed | |
4268 | to the next (or previous) article if the current article is unread. | |
4269 | Instead, they will choose the current article. | |
4270 | ||
4271 | @item gnus-auto-center-summary | |
4272 | @vindex gnus-auto-center-summary | |
4273 | If non-@code{nil}, Gnus will keep the point in the summary buffer | |
4274 | centered at all times. This makes things quite tidy, but if you have a | |
4275 | slow network connection, or simply do not like this un-Emacsism, you can | |
4276 | set this variable to @code{nil} to get the normal Emacs scrolling | |
4277 | action. This will also inhibit horizontal re-centering of the summary | |
4278 | buffer, which might make it more inconvenient to read extremely long | |
4279 | threads. | |
4280 | ||
2625a8f7 GM |
4281 | This variable can also be a number. In that case, center the window at |
4282 | the given number of lines from the top. | |
4283 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
4284 | @end table |
4285 | ||
4286 | ||
4287 | @node Choosing Articles | |
4288 | @section Choosing Articles | |
4289 | @cindex selecting articles | |
4290 | ||
4291 | @menu | |
4292 | * Choosing Commands:: Commands for choosing articles. | |
4293 | * Choosing Variables:: Variables that influence these commands. | |
4294 | @end menu | |
4295 | ||
4296 | ||
4297 | @node Choosing Commands | |
4298 | @subsection Choosing Commands | |
4299 | ||
4300 | None of the following movement commands understand the numeric prefix, | |
4301 | and they all select and display an article. | |
4302 | ||
dda5808a DL |
4303 | If you want to fetch new articles or redisplay the group, see |
4304 | @ref{Exiting the Summary Buffer}. | |
4305 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
4306 | @table @kbd |
4307 | @item SPACE | |
4308 | @kindex SPACE (Summary) | |
4309 | @findex gnus-summary-next-page | |
4310 | Select the current article, or, if that one's read already, the next | |
4311 | unread article (@code{gnus-summary-next-page}). | |
4312 | ||
4313 | @item G n | |
4314 | @itemx n | |
4315 | @kindex n (Summary) | |
4316 | @kindex G n (Summary) | |
4317 | @findex gnus-summary-next-unread-article | |
4318 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-next-unread} | |
4319 | Go to next unread article (@code{gnus-summary-next-unread-article}). | |
4320 | ||
4321 | @item G p | |
4322 | @itemx p | |
4323 | @kindex p (Summary) | |
4324 | @findex gnus-summary-prev-unread-article | |
4325 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-prev-unread} | |
4326 | Go to previous unread article (@code{gnus-summary-prev-unread-article}). | |
4327 | ||
4328 | @item G N | |
4329 | @itemx N | |
4330 | @kindex N (Summary) | |
4331 | @kindex G N (Summary) | |
4332 | @findex gnus-summary-next-article | |
4333 | Go to the next article (@code{gnus-summary-next-article}). | |
4334 | ||
4335 | @item G P | |
4336 | @itemx P | |
4337 | @kindex P (Summary) | |
4338 | @kindex G P (Summary) | |
4339 | @findex gnus-summary-prev-article | |
4340 | Go to the previous article (@code{gnus-summary-prev-article}). | |
4341 | ||
4342 | @item G C-n | |
4343 | @kindex G C-n (Summary) | |
4344 | @findex gnus-summary-next-same-subject | |
4345 | Go to the next article with the same subject | |
4346 | (@code{gnus-summary-next-same-subject}). | |
4347 | ||
4348 | @item G C-p | |
4349 | @kindex G C-p (Summary) | |
4350 | @findex gnus-summary-prev-same-subject | |
4351 | Go to the previous article with the same subject | |
4352 | (@code{gnus-summary-prev-same-subject}). | |
4353 | ||
4354 | @item G f | |
4355 | @itemx . | |
4356 | @kindex G f (Summary) | |
4357 | @kindex . (Summary) | |
4358 | @findex gnus-summary-first-unread-article | |
4359 | Go to the first unread article | |
4360 | (@code{gnus-summary-first-unread-article}). | |
4361 | ||
4362 | @item G b | |
4363 | @itemx , | |
4364 | @kindex G b (Summary) | |
4365 | @kindex , (Summary) | |
4366 | @findex gnus-summary-best-unread-article | |
4367 | Go to the article with the highest score | |
4368 | (@code{gnus-summary-best-unread-article}). | |
4369 | ||
4370 | @item G l | |
4371 | @itemx l | |
4372 | @kindex l (Summary) | |
4373 | @kindex G l (Summary) | |
4374 | @findex gnus-summary-goto-last-article | |
4375 | Go to the previous article read (@code{gnus-summary-goto-last-article}). | |
4376 | ||
4377 | @item G o | |
4378 | @kindex G o (Summary) | |
4379 | @findex gnus-summary-pop-article | |
4380 | @cindex history | |
4381 | @cindex article history | |
4382 | Pop an article off the summary history and go to this article | |
4383 | (@code{gnus-summary-pop-article}). This command differs from the | |
4384 | command above in that you can pop as many previous articles off the | |
4385 | history as you like, while @kbd{l} toggles the two last read articles. | |
4386 | For a somewhat related issue (if you use these commands a lot), | |
4387 | @pxref{Article Backlog}. | |
4388 | @end table | |
4389 | ||
4390 | ||
4391 | @node Choosing Variables | |
4392 | @subsection Choosing Variables | |
4393 | ||
4394 | Some variables relevant for moving and selecting articles: | |
4395 | ||
4396 | @table @code | |
4397 | @item gnus-auto-extend-newsgroup | |
4398 | @vindex gnus-auto-extend-newsgroup | |
4399 | All the movement commands will try to go to the previous (or next) | |
4400 | article, even if that article isn't displayed in the Summary buffer if | |
4401 | this variable is non-@code{nil}. Gnus will then fetch the article from | |
4402 | the server and display it in the article buffer. | |
4403 | ||
4404 | @item gnus-select-article-hook | |
4405 | @vindex gnus-select-article-hook | |
4406 | This hook is called whenever an article is selected. By default it | |
4407 | exposes any threads hidden under the selected article. | |
4408 | ||
4409 | @item gnus-mark-article-hook | |
4410 | @vindex gnus-mark-article-hook | |
4411 | @findex gnus-summary-mark-unread-as-read | |
4412 | @findex gnus-summary-mark-read-and-unread-as-read | |
4413 | @findex gnus-unread-mark | |
4414 | This hook is called whenever an article is selected. It is intended to | |
4415 | be used for marking articles as read. The default value is | |
4416 | @code{gnus-summary-mark-read-and-unread-as-read}, and will change the | |
4417 | mark of almost any article you read to @code{gnus-unread-mark}. The | |
4418 | only articles not affected by this function are ticked, dormant, and | |
4419 | expirable articles. If you'd instead like to just have unread articles | |
4420 | marked as read, you can use @code{gnus-summary-mark-unread-as-read} | |
4421 | instead. It will leave marks like @code{gnus-low-score-mark}, | |
4422 | @code{gnus-del-mark} (and so on) alone. | |
4423 | ||
4424 | @end table | |
4425 | ||
4426 | ||
4427 | @node Paging the Article | |
4428 | @section Scrolling the Article | |
4429 | @cindex article scrolling | |
4430 | ||
4431 | @table @kbd | |
4432 | ||
4433 | @item SPACE | |
4434 | @kindex SPACE (Summary) | |
4435 | @findex gnus-summary-next-page | |
4436 | Pressing @kbd{SPACE} will scroll the current article forward one page, | |
4437 | or, if you have come to the end of the current article, will choose the | |
4438 | next article (@code{gnus-summary-next-page}). | |
4439 | ||
4440 | @item DEL | |
4441 | @kindex DEL (Summary) | |
4442 | @findex gnus-summary-prev-page | |
4443 | Scroll the current article back one page (@code{gnus-summary-prev-page}). | |
4444 | ||
4445 | @item RET | |
4446 | @kindex RET (Summary) | |
4447 | @findex gnus-summary-scroll-up | |
4448 | Scroll the current article one line forward | |
4449 | (@code{gnus-summary-scroll-up}). | |
4450 | ||
4451 | @item M-RET | |
4452 | @kindex M-RET (Summary) | |
4453 | @findex gnus-summary-scroll-down | |
4454 | Scroll the current article one line backward | |
4455 | (@code{gnus-summary-scroll-down}). | |
4456 | ||
4457 | @item A g | |
4458 | @itemx g | |
4459 | @kindex A g (Summary) | |
4460 | @kindex g (Summary) | |
4461 | @findex gnus-summary-show-article | |
2625a8f7 | 4462 | @vindex gnus-summary-show-article-charset-alist |
6bf7aab6 DL |
4463 | (Re)fetch the current article (@code{gnus-summary-show-article}). If |
4464 | given a prefix, fetch the current article, but don't run any of the | |
4465 | article treatment functions. This will give you a ``raw'' article, just | |
4466 | the way it came from the server. | |
4467 | ||
2625a8f7 GM |
4468 | If given a numerical prefix, you can do semi-manual charset stuff. |
4469 | @kbd{C-u 0 g cn-gb-2312 RET} will decode the message as if it were | |
4470 | encoded in the @code{cn-gb-2312} charset. If you have | |
4471 | ||
4472 | @lisp | |
4473 | (setq gnus-summary-show-article-charset-alist | |
4474 | '((1 . cn-gb-2312) | |
4475 | (2 . big5))) | |
4476 | @end lisp | |
4477 | ||
4478 | then you can say @kbd{C-u 1 g} to get the same effect. | |
4479 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
4480 | @item A < |
4481 | @itemx < | |
4482 | @kindex < (Summary) | |
4483 | @kindex A < (Summary) | |
4484 | @findex gnus-summary-beginning-of-article | |
4485 | Scroll to the beginning of the article | |
4486 | (@code{gnus-summary-beginning-of-article}). | |
4487 | ||
4488 | @item A > | |
4489 | @itemx > | |
4490 | @kindex > (Summary) | |
4491 | @kindex A > (Summary) | |
4492 | @findex gnus-summary-end-of-article | |
4493 | Scroll to the end of the article (@code{gnus-summary-end-of-article}). | |
4494 | ||
4495 | @item A s | |
4496 | @itemx s | |
4497 | @kindex A s (Summary) | |
4498 | @kindex s (Summary) | |
4499 | @findex gnus-summary-isearch-article | |
4500 | Perform an isearch in the article buffer | |
4501 | (@code{gnus-summary-isearch-article}). | |
4502 | ||
4503 | @item h | |
4504 | @kindex h (Summary) | |
4505 | @findex gnus-summary-select-article-buffer | |
4506 | Select the article buffer (@code{gnus-summary-select-article-buffer}). | |
4507 | ||
4508 | @end table | |
4509 | ||
4510 | ||
4511 | @node Reply Followup and Post | |
4512 | @section Reply, Followup and Post | |
4513 | ||
4514 | @menu | |
2625a8f7 GM |
4515 | * Summary Mail Commands:: Sending mail. |
4516 | * Summary Post Commands:: Sending news. | |
4517 | * Summary Message Commands:: Other Message-related commands. | |
4518 | * Canceling and Superseding:: ``Whoops, I shouldn't have called him that.'' | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
4519 | @end menu |
4520 | ||
4521 | ||
4522 | @node Summary Mail Commands | |
4523 | @subsection Summary Mail Commands | |
4524 | @cindex mail | |
4525 | @cindex composing mail | |
4526 | ||
4527 | Commands for composing a mail message: | |
4528 | ||
4529 | @table @kbd | |
4530 | ||
4531 | @item S r | |
4532 | @itemx r | |
4533 | @kindex S r (Summary) | |
4534 | @kindex r (Summary) | |
4535 | @findex gnus-summary-reply | |
4536 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-mail-reply} | |
4537 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-reply} | |
4538 | Mail a reply to the author of the current article | |
4539 | (@code{gnus-summary-reply}). | |
4540 | ||
4541 | @item S R | |
4542 | @itemx R | |
4543 | @kindex R (Summary) | |
4544 | @kindex S R (Summary) | |
4545 | @findex gnus-summary-reply-with-original | |
4546 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-reply-with-original} | |
4547 | Mail a reply to the author of the current article and include the | |
4548 | original message (@code{gnus-summary-reply-with-original}). This | |
4549 | command uses the process/prefix convention. | |
4550 | ||
4551 | @item S w | |
4552 | @kindex S w (Summary) | |
4553 | @findex gnus-summary-wide-reply | |
4554 | Mail a wide reply to the author of the current article | |
4555 | (@code{gnus-summary-wide-reply}). A @dfn{wide reply} is a reply that | |
4556 | goes out to all people listed in the @code{To}, @code{From} (or | |
4557 | @code{Reply-to}) and @code{Cc} headers. | |
4558 | ||
4559 | @item S W | |
4560 | @kindex S W (Summary) | |
4561 | @findex gnus-summary-wide-reply-with-original | |
4562 | Mail a wide reply to the current article and include the original | |
2625a8f7 | 4563 | message (@code{gnus-summary-wide-reply-with-original}). This command uses |
6bf7aab6 DL |
4564 | the process/prefix convention. |
4565 | ||
4566 | @item S o m | |
2625a8f7 | 4567 | @itemx C-c C-f |
6bf7aab6 | 4568 | @kindex S o m (Summary) |
2625a8f7 | 4569 | @kindex C-c C-f (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
4570 | @findex gnus-summary-mail-forward |
4571 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-mail-forward} | |
4572 | Forward the current article to some other person | |
2625a8f7 GM |
4573 | (@code{gnus-summary-mail-forward}). If no prefix is given, the message |
4574 | is forwarded according to the value of (@code{message-forward-as-mime}) | |
4575 | and (@code{message-forward-show-mml}); if the prefix is 1, decode the | |
f5d4cd5e | 4576 | message and forward directly inline; if the prefix is 2, forward message |
2625a8f7 | 4577 | as an rfc822 MIME section; if the prefix is 3, decode message and |
f5d4cd5e | 4578 | forward as an rfc822 MIME section; if the prefix is 4, forward message |
2625a8f7 GM |
4579 | directly inline; otherwise, the message is forwarded as no prefix given |
4580 | but use the flipped value of (@code{message-forward-as-mime}). By | |
4581 | default, the message is decoded and forwarded as an rfc822 MIME section. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
4582 | |
4583 | @item S m | |
4584 | @itemx m | |
4585 | @kindex m (Summary) | |
4586 | @kindex S m (Summary) | |
4587 | @findex gnus-summary-mail-other-window | |
4588 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-mail-originate} | |
4589 | Send a mail to some other person | |
4590 | (@code{gnus-summary-mail-other-window}). | |
4591 | ||
4592 | @item S D b | |
4593 | @kindex S D b (Summary) | |
4594 | @findex gnus-summary-resend-bounced-mail | |
4595 | @cindex bouncing mail | |
4596 | If you have sent a mail, but the mail was bounced back to you for some | |
4597 | reason (wrong address, transient failure), you can use this command to | |
4598 | resend that bounced mail (@code{gnus-summary-resend-bounced-mail}). You | |
4599 | will be popped into a mail buffer where you can edit the headers before | |
4600 | sending the mail off again. If you give a prefix to this command, and | |
4601 | the bounced mail is a reply to some other mail, Gnus will try to fetch | |
4602 | that mail and display it for easy perusal of its headers. This might | |
4603 | very well fail, though. | |
4604 | ||
4605 | @item S D r | |
4606 | @kindex S D r (Summary) | |
4607 | @findex gnus-summary-resend-message | |
4608 | Not to be confused with the previous command, | |
4609 | @code{gnus-summary-resend-message} will prompt you for an address to | |
4610 | send the current message off to, and then send it to that place. The | |
4611 | headers of the message won't be altered---but lots of headers that say | |
4612 | @code{Resent-To}, @code{Resent-From} and so on will be added. This | |
4613 | means that you actually send a mail to someone that has a @code{To} | |
4614 | header that (probably) points to yourself. This will confuse people. | |
4615 | So, natcherly you'll only do that if you're really eVIl. | |
4616 | ||
4617 | This command is mainly used if you have several accounts and want to | |
4618 | ship a mail to a different account of yours. (If you're both | |
4619 | @code{root} and @code{postmaster} and get a mail for @code{postmaster} | |
4620 | to the @code{root} account, you may want to resend it to | |
4621 |