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23f87bed | 1 | \input texinfo |
6bf7aab6 | 2 | |
a28afc5f | 3 | @setfilename ../info/gnus |
6bf7aab6 | 4 | @settitle Gnus Manual |
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5 | @syncodeindex fn cp |
6 | @syncodeindex vr cp | |
7 | @syncodeindex pg cp | |
8 | ||
9 | @copying | |
b223e22d | 10 | Copyright @copyright{} 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, |
4e6835db | 11 | 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
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12 | |
13 | @quotation | |
14 | Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document | |
678e7c71 | 15 | under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or |
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16 | any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no |
17 | Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU | |
18 | Manual'', and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the | |
19 | license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation | |
20 | License'' in the Emacs manual. | |
21 | ||
22 | (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have freedom to copy and modify | |
23 | this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free | |
24 | Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.'' | |
25 | ||
26 | This document is part of a collection distributed under the GNU Free | |
27 | Documentation License. If you want to distribute this document | |
28 | separately from the collection, you can do so by adding a copy of the | |
29 | license to the document, as described in section 6 of the license. | |
30 | @end quotation | |
31 | @end copying | |
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32 | |
33 | @iftex | |
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34 | @iflatex |
35 | \documentclass[twoside,a4paper,openright,11pt]{book} | |
36 | \usepackage[latin1]{inputenc} | |
37 | \usepackage{pagestyle} | |
38 | \usepackage{epsfig} | |
2625a8f7 | 39 | \usepackage{pixidx} |
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40 | \input{gnusconfig.tex} |
41 | ||
42 | \ifx\pdfoutput\undefined | |
43 | \else | |
44 | \usepackage[pdftex,bookmarks,colorlinks=true]{hyperref} | |
45 | \usepackage{thumbpdf} | |
46 | \pdfcompresslevel=9 | |
47 | \fi | |
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48 | |
49 | \makeindex | |
50 | \begin{document} | |
51 | ||
afc74995 | 52 | % Adjust ../Makefile.in if you change the following line: |
dc5d7d59 | 53 | \newcommand{\gnusversionname}{Gnus v5.11} |
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54 | \newcommand{\gnuschaptername}{} |
55 | \newcommand{\gnussectionname}{} | |
56 | ||
57 | \newcommand{\gnusbackslash}{/} | |
58 | ||
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59 | \newcommand{\gnusref}[1]{``#1'' on page \pageref{#1}} |
60 | \ifx\pdfoutput\undefined | |
61 | \newcommand{\gnusuref}[1]{\gnustt{#1}} | |
62 | \else | |
63 | \newcommand{\gnusuref}[1]{\href{#1}{\gnustt{#1}}} | |
64 | \fi | |
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65 | \newcommand{\gnusxref}[1]{See ``#1'' on page \pageref{#1}} |
66 | \newcommand{\gnuspxref}[1]{see ``#1'' on page \pageref{#1}} | |
67 | ||
68 | \newcommand{\gnuskindex}[1]{\index{#1}} | |
69 | \newcommand{\gnusindex}[1]{\index{#1}} | |
70 | ||
23f87bed | 71 | \newcommand{\gnustt}[1]{{\gnusselectttfont{}#1}} |
2625a8f7 | 72 | \newcommand{\gnuscode}[1]{\gnustt{#1}} |
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73 | \newcommand{\gnusasis}[1]{\gnustt{#1}} |
74 | \newcommand{\gnusurl}[1]{\gnustt{#1}} | |
75 | \newcommand{\gnuscommand}[1]{\gnustt{#1}} | |
76 | \newcommand{\gnusenv}[1]{\gnustt{#1}} | |
77 | \newcommand{\gnussamp}[1]{``{\fontencoding{OT1}\gnusselectttfont{}#1}''} | |
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78 | \newcommand{\gnuslisp}[1]{\gnustt{#1}} |
79 | \newcommand{\gnuskbd}[1]{`\gnustt{#1}'} | |
23f87bed | 80 | \newcommand{\gnuskey}[1]{`\gnustt{#1}'} |
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81 | \newcommand{\gnusfile}[1]{`\gnustt{#1}'} |
82 | \newcommand{\gnusdfn}[1]{\textit{#1}} | |
83 | \newcommand{\gnusi}[1]{\textit{#1}} | |
23f87bed | 84 | \newcommand{\gnusr}[1]{\textrm{#1}} |
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85 | \newcommand{\gnusstrong}[1]{\textbf{#1}} |
86 | \newcommand{\gnusemph}[1]{\textit{#1}} | |
87 | \newcommand{\gnusvar}[1]{{\fontsize{10pt}{10}\selectfont\textsl{\textsf{#1}}}} | |
88 | \newcommand{\gnussc}[1]{\textsc{#1}} | |
89 | \newcommand{\gnustitle}[1]{{\huge\textbf{#1}}} | |
23f87bed | 90 | \newcommand{\gnusversion}[1]{{\small\textit{#1}}} |
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91 | \newcommand{\gnusauthor}[1]{{\large\textbf{#1}}} |
92 | \newcommand{\gnusresult}[1]{\gnustt{=> #1}} | |
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93 | \newcommand{\gnusacronym}[1]{\textsc{#1}} |
94 | \newcommand{\gnusemail}[1]{\textit{#1}} | |
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95 | |
96 | \newcommand{\gnusbullet}{{${\bullet}$}} | |
97 | \newcommand{\gnusdollar}{\$} | |
98 | \newcommand{\gnusampersand}{\&} | |
99 | \newcommand{\gnuspercent}{\%} | |
100 | \newcommand{\gnushash}{\#} | |
101 | \newcommand{\gnushat}{\symbol{"5E}} | |
102 | \newcommand{\gnusunderline}{\symbol{"5F}} | |
103 | \newcommand{\gnusnot}{$\neg$} | |
104 | \newcommand{\gnustilde}{\symbol{"7E}} | |
105 | \newcommand{\gnusless}{{$<$}} | |
106 | \newcommand{\gnusgreater}{{$>$}} | |
107 | \newcommand{\gnusbraceleft}{{$>$}} | |
108 | \newcommand{\gnusbraceright}{{$>$}} | |
109 | ||
23f87bed | 110 | \newcommand{\gnushead}{\raisebox{-1cm}{\epsfig{figure=ps/gnus-head,height=1cm}}} |
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111 | \newcommand{\gnusinteresting}{ |
112 | \marginpar[\mbox{}\hfill\gnushead]{\gnushead} | |
113 | } | |
114 | ||
115 | \newcommand{\gnuscleardoublepage}{\ifodd\count0\mbox{}\clearpage\thispagestyle{empty}\mbox{}\clearpage\else\clearpage\fi} | |
116 | ||
117 | \newcommand{\gnuspagechapter}[1]{ | |
118 | {\mbox{}} | |
119 | } | |
120 | ||
121 | \newdimen{\gnusdimen} | |
122 | \gnusdimen 0pt | |
123 | ||
124 | \newcommand{\gnuschapter}[2]{ | |
125 | \gnuscleardoublepage | |
126 | \ifdim \gnusdimen = 0pt\setcounter{page}{1}\pagestyle{gnus}\pagenumbering{arabic} \gnusdimen 1pt\fi | |
127 | \chapter{#2} | |
128 | \renewcommand{\gnussectionname}{} | |
129 | \renewcommand{\gnuschaptername}{#2} | |
130 | \thispagestyle{empty} | |
131 | \hspace*{-2cm} | |
132 | \begin{picture}(500,500)(0,0) | |
133 | \put(480,350){\makebox(0,0)[tr]{#1}} | |
134 | \put(40,300){\makebox(500,50)[bl]{{\Huge\bf{#2}}}} | |
135 | \end{picture} | |
136 | \clearpage | |
137 | } | |
138 | ||
139 | \newcommand{\gnusfigure}[3]{ | |
140 | \begin{figure} | |
141 | \mbox{}\ifodd\count0\hspace*{-0.8cm}\else\hspace*{-3cm}\fi\begin{picture}(440,#2) | |
142 | #3 | |
143 | \end{picture} | |
144 | \caption{#1} | |
145 | \end{figure} | |
146 | } | |
147 | ||
148 | \newcommand{\gnusicon}[1]{ | |
23f87bed | 149 | \marginpar[\mbox{}\hfill\raisebox{-1.5cm}{\epsfig{figure=ps/#1-up,height=1.5cm}}]{\raisebox{-1cm}{\epsfig{figure=ps/#1-up,height=1cm}}} |
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150 | } |
151 | ||
152 | \newcommand{\gnuspicon}[1]{ | |
153 | \margindex{\epsfig{figure=#1,width=2cm}} | |
154 | } | |
155 | ||
156 | \newcommand{\gnusxface}[2]{ | |
157 | \margindex{\epsfig{figure=#1,width=1cm}\epsfig{figure=#2,width=1cm}} | |
158 | } | |
159 | ||
160 | \newcommand{\gnussmiley}[2]{ | |
161 | \margindex{\makebox[2cm]{\hfill\epsfig{figure=#1,width=0.5cm}\hfill\epsfig{figure=#2,width=0.5cm}\hfill}} | |
162 | } | |
163 | ||
164 | \newcommand{\gnusitemx}[1]{\mbox{}\vspace*{-\itemsep}\vspace*{-\parsep}\item#1} | |
165 | ||
166 | \newcommand{\gnussection}[1]{ | |
167 | \renewcommand{\gnussectionname}{#1} | |
168 | \section{#1} | |
169 | } | |
170 | ||
171 | \newenvironment{codelist}% | |
172 | {\begin{list}{}{ | |
173 | } | |
174 | }{\end{list}} | |
175 | ||
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176 | \newenvironment{asislist}% |
177 | {\begin{list}{}{ | |
178 | } | |
179 | }{\end{list}} | |
180 | ||
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181 | \newenvironment{kbdlist}% |
182 | {\begin{list}{}{ | |
183 | \labelwidth=0cm | |
184 | } | |
185 | }{\end{list}} | |
186 | ||
187 | \newenvironment{dfnlist}% | |
188 | {\begin{list}{}{ | |
189 | } | |
190 | }{\end{list}} | |
191 | ||
192 | \newenvironment{stronglist}% | |
193 | {\begin{list}{}{ | |
194 | } | |
195 | }{\end{list}} | |
196 | ||
197 | \newenvironment{samplist}% | |
198 | {\begin{list}{}{ | |
199 | } | |
200 | }{\end{list}} | |
201 | ||
202 | \newenvironment{varlist}% | |
203 | {\begin{list}{}{ | |
204 | } | |
205 | }{\end{list}} | |
206 | ||
207 | \newenvironment{emphlist}% | |
208 | {\begin{list}{}{ | |
209 | } | |
210 | }{\end{list}} | |
211 | ||
212 | \newlength\gnusheadtextwidth | |
213 | \setlength{\gnusheadtextwidth}{\headtextwidth} | |
214 | \addtolength{\gnusheadtextwidth}{1cm} | |
215 | ||
216 | \newpagestyle{gnuspreamble}% | |
217 | { | |
218 | { | |
219 | \ifodd\count0 | |
220 | { | |
221 | \hspace*{-0.23cm}\underline{\makebox[\gnusheadtextwidth]{\mbox{}}\textbf{\hfill\roman{page}}} | |
222 | } | |
223 | \else | |
224 | { | |
225 | \hspace*{-3.25cm}\underline{\makebox[\gnusheadtextwidth]{\textbf{\roman{page}\hfill\mbox{}}} | |
226 | } | |
227 | } | |
228 | \fi | |
229 | } | |
230 | } | |
231 | { | |
232 | \ifodd\count0 | |
233 | \mbox{} \hfill | |
23f87bed | 234 | \raisebox{-0.5cm}{\epsfig{figure=ps/gnus-big-logo,height=1cm}} |
2625a8f7 | 235 | \else |
23f87bed | 236 | \raisebox{-0.5cm}{\epsfig{figure=ps/gnus-big-logo,height=1cm}} |
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237 | \hfill \mbox{} |
238 | \fi | |
239 | } | |
240 | ||
241 | \newpagestyle{gnusindex}% | |
242 | { | |
243 | { | |
244 | \ifodd\count0 | |
245 | { | |
246 | \hspace*{-0.23cm}\underline{\makebox[\gnusheadtextwidth]{\textbf{\gnuschaptername\hfill\arabic{page}}}} | |
247 | } | |
248 | \else | |
249 | { | |
250 | \hspace*{-3.25cm}\underline{\makebox[\gnusheadtextwidth]{\textbf{\arabic{page}\hfill\gnuschaptername}}} | |
251 | } | |
252 | \fi | |
253 | } | |
254 | } | |
255 | { | |
256 | \ifodd\count0 | |
257 | \mbox{} \hfill | |
23f87bed | 258 | \raisebox{-0.5cm}{\epsfig{figure=ps/gnus-big-logo,height=1cm}} |
2625a8f7 | 259 | \else |
23f87bed | 260 | \raisebox{-0.5cm}{\epsfig{figure=ps/gnus-big-logo,height=1cm}} |
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261 | \hfill \mbox{} |
262 | \fi | |
263 | } | |
264 | ||
265 | \newpagestyle{gnus}% | |
266 | { | |
267 | { | |
268 | \ifodd\count0 | |
269 | { | |
270 | \makebox[12cm]{\hspace*{3.1cm}\underline{\makebox[\gnusheadtextwidth]{\textbf{\arabic{chapter}.\arabic{section}} \textbf{\gnussectionname\hfill\arabic{page}}}}} | |
271 | } | |
272 | \else | |
273 | { | |
274 | \makebox[12cm]{\hspace*{-2.95cm}\underline{\makebox[\gnusheadtextwidth]{\textbf{\arabic{page}\hfill\gnuschaptername}}}} | |
275 | } | |
276 | \fi | |
277 | } | |
278 | } | |
279 | { | |
280 | \ifodd\count0 | |
281 | \mbox{} \hfill | |
23f87bed | 282 | \raisebox{-0.5cm}{\epsfig{figure=ps/gnus-big-logo,height=1cm}} |
2625a8f7 | 283 | \else |
23f87bed | 284 | \raisebox{-0.5cm}{\epsfig{figure=ps/gnus-big-logo,height=1cm}} |
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285 | \hfill \mbox{} |
286 | \fi | |
287 | } | |
288 | ||
289 | \pagenumbering{roman} | |
290 | \pagestyle{gnuspreamble} | |
291 | ||
292 | @end iflatex | |
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293 | @end iftex |
294 | ||
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295 | @iftex |
296 | @iflatex | |
23f87bed | 297 | |
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298 | \begin{titlepage} |
299 | { | |
300 | ||
301 | %\addtolength{\oddsidemargin}{-5cm} | |
302 | %\addtolength{\evensidemargin}{-5cm} | |
303 | \parindent=0cm | |
304 | \addtolength{\textheight}{2cm} | |
305 | ||
23f87bed | 306 | \gnustitle{\gnustitlename}\hfill\gnusversion{\gnusversionname}\\ |
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307 | \rule{15cm}{1mm}\\ |
308 | \vfill | |
23f87bed | 309 | \hspace*{0cm}\epsfig{figure=ps/gnus-big-logo,height=15cm} |
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310 | \vfill |
311 | \rule{15cm}{1mm}\\ | |
312 | \gnusauthor{by Lars Magne Ingebrigtsen} | |
313 | \newpage | |
314 | } | |
315 | ||
316 | \mbox{} | |
317 | \vfill | |
318 | ||
319 | \thispagestyle{empty} | |
320 | ||
23f87bed | 321 | @c @insertcopying |
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322 | \newpage |
323 | \end{titlepage} | |
324 | @end iflatex | |
325 | @end iftex | |
6bf7aab6 | 326 | |
2625a8f7 | 327 | @ifnottex |
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328 | @insertcopying |
329 | @end ifnottex | |
6bf7aab6 | 330 | |
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331 | @dircategory Emacs |
332 | @direntry | |
333 | * Gnus: (gnus). The newsreader Gnus. | |
334 | @end direntry | |
335 | @iftex | |
336 | @finalout | |
337 | @end iftex | |
338 | @setchapternewpage odd | |
6bf7aab6 | 339 | |
6bf7aab6 | 340 | |
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341 | |
342 | @titlepage | |
2625a8f7 | 343 | @title Gnus Manual |
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344 | |
345 | @author by Lars Magne Ingebrigtsen | |
346 | @page | |
6bf7aab6 | 347 | @vskip 0pt plus 1filll |
23f87bed | 348 | @insertcopying |
6bf7aab6 | 349 | @end titlepage |
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350 | |
351 | ||
352 | @node Top | |
353 | @top The Gnus Newsreader | |
354 | ||
355 | @ifinfo | |
356 | ||
357 | You can read news (and mail) from within Emacs by using Gnus. The news | |
23f87bed | 358 | can be gotten by any nefarious means you can think of---@acronym{NNTP}, local |
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359 | spool or your mbox file. All at the same time, if you want to push your |
360 | luck. | |
361 | ||
afc74995 | 362 | @c Adjust ../Makefile.in if you change the following line: |
dc5d7d59 | 363 | This manual corresponds to Gnus v5.11. |
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364 | |
365 | @end ifinfo | |
366 | ||
367 | @iftex | |
368 | ||
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369 | @iflatex |
370 | \tableofcontents | |
371 | \gnuscleardoublepage | |
372 | @end iflatex | |
373 | ||
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374 | Gnus is the advanced, self-documenting, customizable, extensible |
375 | unreal-time newsreader for GNU Emacs. | |
376 | ||
377 | Oops. That sounds oddly familiar, so let's start over again to avoid | |
378 | being accused of plagiarism: | |
379 | ||
380 | Gnus is a message-reading laboratory. It will let you look at just | |
381 | about anything as if it were a newsgroup. You can read mail with it, | |
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382 | you can browse directories with it, you can @code{ftp} with it---you |
383 | can even read news with it! | |
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384 | |
385 | Gnus tries to empower people who read news the same way Emacs empowers | |
386 | people who edit text. Gnus sets no limits to what the user should be | |
387 | allowed to do. Users are encouraged to extend Gnus to make it behave | |
388 | like they want it to behave. A program should not control people; | |
389 | people should be empowered to do what they want by using (or abusing) | |
390 | the program. | |
391 | ||
392 | @end iftex | |
393 | ||
6bf7aab6 | 394 | @menu |
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395 | * Starting Up:: Finding news can be a pain. |
396 | * Group Buffer:: Selecting, subscribing and killing groups. | |
397 | * Summary Buffer:: Reading, saving and posting articles. | |
398 | * Article Buffer:: Displaying and handling articles. | |
399 | * Composing Messages:: Information on sending mail and news. | |
400 | * Select Methods:: Gnus reads all messages from various select methods. | |
401 | * Scoring:: Assigning values to articles. | |
402 | * Various:: General purpose settings. | |
403 | * The End:: Farewell and goodbye. | |
404 | * Appendices:: Terminology, Emacs intro, @acronym{FAQ}, History, Internals. | |
405 | * Index:: Variable, function and concept index. | |
406 | * Key Index:: Key Index. | |
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407 | |
408 | Other related manuals | |
409 | ||
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410 | * Message:(message). Composing messages. |
411 | * Emacs-MIME:(emacs-mime). Composing messages; @acronym{MIME}-specific parts. | |
412 | * Sieve:(sieve). Managing Sieve scripts in Emacs. | |
413 | * PGG:(pgg). @acronym{PGP/MIME} with Gnus. | |
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414 | |
415 | @detailmenu | |
416 | --- The Detailed Node Listing --- | |
417 | ||
418 | Starting Gnus | |
419 | ||
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420 | * Finding the News:: Choosing a method for getting news. |
421 | * The First Time:: What does Gnus do the first time you start it? | |
422 | * The Server is Down:: How can I read my mail then? | |
423 | * Slave Gnusae:: You can have more than one Gnus active at a time. | |
424 | * Fetching a Group:: Starting Gnus just to read a group. | |
425 | * New Groups:: What is Gnus supposed to do with new groups? | |
426 | * Changing Servers:: You may want to move from one server to another. | |
427 | * Startup Files:: Those pesky startup files---@file{.newsrc}. | |
428 | * Auto Save:: Recovering from a crash. | |
429 | * The Active File:: Reading the active file over a slow line Takes Time. | |
430 | * Startup Variables:: Other variables you might change. | |
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431 | |
432 | New Groups | |
433 | ||
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434 | * Checking New Groups:: Determining what groups are new. |
435 | * Subscription Methods:: What Gnus should do with new groups. | |
436 | * Filtering New Groups:: Making Gnus ignore certain new groups. | |
437 | ||
438 | Group Buffer | |
439 | ||
440 | * Group Buffer Format:: Information listed and how you can change it. | |
441 | * Group Maneuvering:: Commands for moving in the group buffer. | |
442 | * Selecting a Group:: Actually reading news. | |
443 | * Subscription Commands:: Unsubscribing, killing, subscribing. | |
444 | * Group Data:: Changing the info for a group. | |
445 | * Group Levels:: Levels? What are those, then? | |
446 | * Group Score:: A mechanism for finding out what groups you like. | |
447 | * Marking Groups:: You can mark groups for later processing. | |
448 | * Foreign Groups:: Creating and editing groups. | |
449 | * Group Parameters:: Each group may have different parameters set. | |
450 | * Listing Groups:: Gnus can list various subsets of the groups. | |
451 | * Sorting Groups:: Re-arrange the group order. | |
452 | * Group Maintenance:: Maintaining a tidy @file{.newsrc} file. | |
453 | * Browse Foreign Server:: You can browse a server. See what it has to offer. | |
454 | * Exiting Gnus:: Stop reading news and get some work done. | |
455 | * Group Topics:: A folding group mode divided into topics. | |
456 | * Misc Group Stuff:: Other stuff that you can to do. | |
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457 | |
458 | Group Buffer Format | |
459 | ||
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460 | * Group Line Specification:: Deciding how the group buffer is to look. |
461 | * Group Mode Line Specification:: The group buffer mode line. | |
462 | * Group Highlighting:: Having nice colors in the group buffer. | |
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463 | |
464 | Group Topics | |
465 | ||
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466 | * Topic Commands:: Interactive E-Z commands. |
467 | * Topic Variables:: How to customize the topics the Lisp Way. | |
468 | * Topic Sorting:: Sorting each topic individually. | |
469 | * Topic Topology:: A map of the world. | |
470 | * Topic Parameters:: Parameters that apply to all groups in a topic. | |
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471 | |
472 | Misc Group Stuff | |
473 | ||
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474 | * Scanning New Messages:: Asking Gnus to see whether new messages have arrived. |
475 | * Group Information:: Information and help on groups and Gnus. | |
476 | * Group Timestamp:: Making Gnus keep track of when you last read a group. | |
477 | * File Commands:: Reading and writing the Gnus files. | |
478 | * Sieve Commands:: Managing Sieve scripts. | |
2625a8f7 | 479 | |
23f87bed | 480 | Summary Buffer |
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481 | |
482 | * Summary Buffer Format:: Deciding how the summary buffer is to look. | |
483 | * Summary Maneuvering:: Moving around the summary buffer. | |
484 | * Choosing Articles:: Reading articles. | |
485 | * Paging the Article:: Scrolling the current article. | |
486 | * Reply Followup and Post:: Posting articles. | |
23f87bed | 487 | * Delayed Articles:: Send articles at a later time. |
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488 | * Marking Articles:: Marking articles as read, expirable, etc. |
489 | * Limiting:: You can limit the summary buffer. | |
490 | * Threading:: How threads are made. | |
23f87bed | 491 | * Sorting the Summary Buffer:: How articles and threads are sorted. |
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492 | * Asynchronous Fetching:: Gnus might be able to pre-fetch articles. |
493 | * Article Caching:: You may store articles in a cache. | |
494 | * Persistent Articles:: Making articles expiry-resistant. | |
495 | * Article Backlog:: Having already read articles hang around. | |
496 | * Saving Articles:: Ways of customizing article saving. | |
497 | * Decoding Articles:: Gnus can treat series of (uu)encoded articles. | |
498 | * Article Treatment:: The article buffer can be mangled at will. | |
499 | * MIME Commands:: Doing MIMEy things with the articles. | |
500 | * Charsets:: Character set issues. | |
501 | * Article Commands:: Doing various things with the article buffer. | |
502 | * Summary Sorting:: Sorting the summary buffer in various ways. | |
503 | * Finding the Parent:: No child support? Get the parent. | |
504 | * Alternative Approaches:: Reading using non-default summaries. | |
505 | * Tree Display:: A more visual display of threads. | |
506 | * Mail Group Commands:: Some commands can only be used in mail groups. | |
507 | * Various Summary Stuff:: What didn't fit anywhere else. | |
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508 | * Exiting the Summary Buffer:: Returning to the Group buffer, |
509 | or reselecting the current group. | |
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510 | * Crosspost Handling:: How crossposted articles are dealt with. |
511 | * Duplicate Suppression:: An alternative when crosspost handling fails. | |
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512 | * Security:: Decrypt and Verify. |
513 | * Mailing List:: Mailing list minor mode. | |
2625a8f7 GM |
514 | |
515 | Summary Buffer Format | |
516 | ||
23f87bed MB |
517 | * Summary Buffer Lines:: You can specify how summary lines should look. |
518 | * To From Newsgroups:: How to not display your own name. | |
519 | * Summary Buffer Mode Line:: You can say how the mode line should look. | |
520 | * Summary Highlighting:: Making the summary buffer all pretty and nice. | |
2625a8f7 GM |
521 | |
522 | Choosing Articles | |
523 | ||
23f87bed MB |
524 | * Choosing Commands:: Commands for choosing articles. |
525 | * Choosing Variables:: Variables that influence these commands. | |
2625a8f7 GM |
526 | |
527 | Reply, Followup and Post | |
528 | ||
23f87bed MB |
529 | * Summary Mail Commands:: Sending mail. |
530 | * Summary Post Commands:: Sending news. | |
531 | * Summary Message Commands:: Other Message-related commands. | |
532 | * Canceling and Superseding:: | |
533 | ||
534 | Marking Articles | |
535 | ||
536 | * Unread Articles:: Marks for unread articles. | |
537 | * Read Articles:: Marks for read articles. | |
538 | * Other Marks:: Marks that do not affect readedness. | |
fdbc4dea JL |
539 | * Setting Marks:: How to set and remove marks. |
540 | * Generic Marking Commands:: How to customize the marking. | |
541 | * Setting Process Marks:: How to mark articles for later processing. | |
2625a8f7 GM |
542 | |
543 | Threading | |
544 | ||
23f87bed MB |
545 | * Customizing Threading:: Variables you can change to affect the threading. |
546 | * Thread Commands:: Thread based commands in the summary buffer. | |
2625a8f7 GM |
547 | |
548 | Customizing Threading | |
549 | ||
23f87bed MB |
550 | * Loose Threads:: How Gnus gathers loose threads into bigger threads. |
551 | * Filling In Threads:: Making the threads displayed look fuller. | |
552 | * More Threading:: Even more variables for fiddling with threads. | |
553 | * Low-Level Threading:: You thought it was over@dots{} but you were wrong! | |
2625a8f7 GM |
554 | |
555 | Decoding Articles | |
556 | ||
23f87bed MB |
557 | * Uuencoded Articles:: Uudecode articles. |
558 | * Shell Archives:: Unshar articles. | |
559 | * PostScript Files:: Split PostScript. | |
560 | * Other Files:: Plain save and binhex. | |
561 | * Decoding Variables:: Variables for a happy decoding. | |
562 | * Viewing Files:: You want to look at the result of the decoding? | |
2625a8f7 GM |
563 | |
564 | Decoding Variables | |
565 | ||
23f87bed MB |
566 | * Rule Variables:: Variables that say how a file is to be viewed. |
567 | * Other Decode Variables:: Other decode variables. | |
568 | * Uuencoding and Posting:: Variables for customizing uuencoding. | |
2625a8f7 GM |
569 | |
570 | Article Treatment | |
571 | ||
23f87bed MB |
572 | * Article Highlighting:: You want to make the article look like fruit salad. |
573 | * Article Fontisizing:: Making emphasized text look nice. | |
574 | * Article Hiding:: You also want to make certain info go away. | |
575 | * Article Washing:: Lots of way-neat functions to make life better. | |
576 | * Article Header:: Doing various header transformations. | |
577 | * Article Buttons:: Click on URLs, Message-IDs, addresses and the like. | |
578 | * Article Button Levels:: Controlling appearance of buttons. | |
579 | * Article Date:: Grumble, UT! | |
580 | * Article Display:: Display various stuff---X-Face, Picons, Smileys | |
581 | * Article Signature:: What is a signature? | |
582 | * Article Miscellanea:: Various other stuff. | |
2625a8f7 GM |
583 | |
584 | Alternative Approaches | |
585 | ||
586 | * Pick and Read:: First mark articles and then read them. | |
587 | * Binary Groups:: Auto-decode all articles. | |
588 | ||
589 | Various Summary Stuff | |
590 | ||
23f87bed MB |
591 | * Summary Group Information:: Information oriented commands. |
592 | * Searching for Articles:: Multiple article commands. | |
593 | * Summary Generation Commands:: | |
594 | * Really Various Summary Commands:: Those pesky non-conformant commands. | |
2625a8f7 | 595 | |
23f87bed | 596 | Article Buffer |
2625a8f7 | 597 | |
23f87bed MB |
598 | * Hiding Headers:: Deciding what headers should be displayed. |
599 | * Using MIME:: Pushing articles through @acronym{MIME} before reading them. | |
600 | * Customizing Articles:: Tailoring the look of the articles. | |
601 | * Article Keymap:: Keystrokes available in the article buffer. | |
602 | * Misc Article:: Other stuff. | |
2625a8f7 GM |
603 | |
604 | Composing Messages | |
605 | ||
23f87bed MB |
606 | * Mail:: Mailing and replying. |
607 | * Posting Server:: What server should you post and mail via? | |
608 | * POP before SMTP:: You cannot send a mail unless you read a mail. | |
609 | * Mail and Post:: Mailing and posting at the same time. | |
610 | * Archived Messages:: Where Gnus stores the messages you've sent. | |
611 | * Posting Styles:: An easier way to specify who you are. | |
612 | * Drafts:: Postponing messages and rejected messages. | |
613 | * Rejected Articles:: What happens if the server doesn't like your article? | |
614 | * Signing and encrypting:: How to compose secure messages. | |
2625a8f7 GM |
615 | |
616 | Select Methods | |
617 | ||
23f87bed MB |
618 | * Server Buffer:: Making and editing virtual servers. |
619 | * Getting News:: Reading USENET news with Gnus. | |
620 | * Getting Mail:: Reading your personal mail with Gnus. | |
621 | * Browsing the Web:: Getting messages from a plethora of Web sources. | |
622 | * IMAP:: Using Gnus as a @acronym{IMAP} client. | |
623 | * Other Sources:: Reading directories, files, SOUP packets. | |
624 | * Combined Groups:: Combining groups into one group. | |
625 | * Gnus Unplugged:: Reading news and mail offline. | |
626 | ||
627 | Server Buffer | |
628 | ||
629 | * Server Buffer Format:: You can customize the look of this buffer. | |
630 | * Server Commands:: Commands to manipulate servers. | |
631 | * Example Methods:: Examples server specifications. | |
632 | * Creating a Virtual Server:: An example session. | |
633 | * Server Variables:: Which variables to set. | |
634 | * Servers and Methods:: You can use server names as select methods. | |
635 | * Unavailable Servers:: Some servers you try to contact may be down. | |
2625a8f7 | 636 | |
23f87bed | 637 | Getting News |
2625a8f7 | 638 | |
23f87bed MB |
639 | * NNTP:: Reading news from an @acronym{NNTP} server. |
640 | * News Spool:: Reading news from the local spool. | |
2625a8f7 | 641 | |
23f87bed | 642 | @acronym{NNTP} |
2625a8f7 | 643 | |
23f87bed MB |
644 | * Direct Functions:: Connecting directly to the server. |
645 | * Indirect Functions:: Connecting indirectly to the server. | |
646 | * Common Variables:: Understood by several connection functions. | |
2625a8f7 GM |
647 | |
648 | Getting Mail | |
649 | ||
23f87bed MB |
650 | * Mail in a Newsreader:: Important introductory notes. |
651 | * Getting Started Reading Mail:: A simple cookbook example. | |
652 | * Splitting Mail:: How to create mail groups. | |
653 | * Mail Sources:: How to tell Gnus where to get mail from. | |
654 | * Mail Back End Variables:: Variables for customizing mail handling. | |
655 | * Fancy Mail Splitting:: Gnus can do hairy splitting of incoming mail. | |
656 | * Group Mail Splitting:: Use group customize to drive mail splitting. | |
657 | * Incorporating Old Mail:: What about the old mail you have? | |
658 | * Expiring Mail:: Getting rid of unwanted mail. | |
659 | * Washing Mail:: Removing cruft from the mail you get. | |
660 | * Duplicates:: Dealing with duplicated mail. | |
661 | * Not Reading Mail:: Using mail back ends for reading other files. | |
662 | * Choosing a Mail Back End:: Gnus can read a variety of mail formats. | |
2625a8f7 GM |
663 | |
664 | Mail Sources | |
665 | ||
23f87bed MB |
666 | * Mail Source Specifiers:: How to specify what a mail source is. |
667 | * Mail Source Customization:: Some variables that influence things. | |
668 | * Fetching Mail:: Using the mail source specifiers. | |
2625a8f7 | 669 | |
a8edc211 | 670 | Choosing a Mail Back End |
2625a8f7 GM |
671 | |
672 | * Unix Mail Box:: Using the (quite) standard Un*x mbox. | |
23f87bed | 673 | * Rmail Babyl:: Emacs programs use the Rmail Babyl format. |
2625a8f7 | 674 | * Mail Spool:: Store your mail in a private spool? |
a8edc211 | 675 | * MH Spool:: An mhspool-like back end. |
23f87bed | 676 | * Maildir:: Another one-file-per-message format. |
2625a8f7 | 677 | * Mail Folders:: Having one file for each group. |
a8edc211 | 678 | * Comparing Mail Back Ends:: An in-depth looks at pros and cons. |
2625a8f7 GM |
679 | |
680 | Browsing the Web | |
681 | ||
23f87bed MB |
682 | * Archiving Mail:: |
683 | * Web Searches:: Creating groups from articles that match a string. | |
684 | * Slashdot:: Reading the Slashdot comments. | |
685 | * Ultimate:: The Ultimate Bulletin Board systems. | |
686 | * Web Archive:: Reading mailing list archived on web. | |
687 | * RSS:: Reading RDF site summary. | |
d3a597b7 | 688 | * Customizing W3:: Doing stuff to Emacs/W3 from Gnus. |
23f87bed MB |
689 | |
690 | @acronym{IMAP} | |
691 | ||
692 | * Splitting in IMAP:: Splitting mail with nnimap. | |
693 | * Expiring in IMAP:: Expiring mail with nnimap. | |
694 | * Editing IMAP ACLs:: Limiting/enabling other users access to a mailbox. | |
695 | * Expunging mailboxes:: Equivalent of a ``compress mailbox'' button. | |
696 | * A note on namespaces:: How to (not) use @acronym{IMAP} namespace in Gnus. | |
697 | * Debugging IMAP:: What to do when things don't work. | |
2625a8f7 GM |
698 | |
699 | Other Sources | |
700 | ||
23f87bed MB |
701 | * Directory Groups:: You can read a directory as if it was a newsgroup. |
702 | * Anything Groups:: Dired? Who needs dired? | |
703 | * Document Groups:: Single files can be the basis of a group. | |
704 | * SOUP:: Reading @sc{soup} packets ``offline''. | |
705 | * Mail-To-News Gateways:: Posting articles via mail-to-news gateways. | |
2625a8f7 GM |
706 | |
707 | Document Groups | |
708 | ||
709 | * Document Server Internals:: How to add your own document types. | |
710 | ||
711 | SOUP | |
712 | ||
23f87bed MB |
713 | * SOUP Commands:: Commands for creating and sending @sc{soup} packets |
714 | * SOUP Groups:: A back end for reading @sc{soup} packets. | |
715 | * SOUP Replies:: How to enable @code{nnsoup} to take over mail and news. | |
2625a8f7 GM |
716 | |
717 | Combined Groups | |
718 | ||
23f87bed MB |
719 | * Virtual Groups:: Combining articles from many groups. |
720 | * Kibozed Groups:: Looking through parts of the newsfeed for articles. | |
2625a8f7 GM |
721 | |
722 | Gnus Unplugged | |
723 | ||
23f87bed MB |
724 | * Agent Basics:: How it all is supposed to work. |
725 | * Agent Categories:: How to tell the Gnus Agent what to download. | |
726 | * Agent Commands:: New commands for all the buffers. | |
727 | * Agent Visuals:: Ways that the agent may effect your summary buffer. | |
728 | * Agent as Cache:: The Agent is a big cache too. | |
729 | * Agent Expiry:: How to make old articles go away. | |
730 | * Agent Regeneration:: How to recover from lost connections and other accidents. | |
731 | * Agent and IMAP:: How to use the Agent with @acronym{IMAP}. | |
732 | * Outgoing Messages:: What happens when you post/mail something? | |
733 | * Agent Variables:: Customizing is fun. | |
734 | * Example Setup:: An example @file{~/.gnus.el} file for offline people. | |
735 | * Batching Agents:: How to fetch news from a @code{cron} job. | |
736 | * Agent Caveats:: What you think it'll do and what it does. | |
2625a8f7 GM |
737 | |
738 | Agent Categories | |
739 | ||
23f87bed MB |
740 | * Category Syntax:: What a category looks like. |
741 | * Category Buffer:: A buffer for maintaining categories. | |
742 | * Category Variables:: Customize'r'Us. | |
2625a8f7 GM |
743 | |
744 | Agent Commands | |
745 | ||
23f87bed MB |
746 | * Group Agent Commands:: Configure groups and fetch their contents. |
747 | * Summary Agent Commands:: Manually select then fetch specific articles. | |
748 | * Server Agent Commands:: Select the servers that are supported by the agent. | |
2625a8f7 GM |
749 | |
750 | Scoring | |
751 | ||
23f87bed MB |
752 | * Summary Score Commands:: Adding score entries for the current group. |
753 | * Group Score Commands:: General score commands. | |
754 | * Score Variables:: Customize your scoring. (My, what terminology). | |
755 | * Score File Format:: What a score file may contain. | |
756 | * Score File Editing:: You can edit score files by hand as well. | |
757 | * Adaptive Scoring:: Big Sister Gnus knows what you read. | |
758 | * Home Score File:: How to say where new score entries are to go. | |
759 | * Followups To Yourself:: Having Gnus notice when people answer you. | |
760 | * Scoring On Other Headers:: Scoring on non-standard headers. | |
761 | * Scoring Tips:: How to score effectively. | |
762 | * Reverse Scoring:: That problem child of old is not problem. | |
763 | * Global Score Files:: Earth-spanning, ear-splitting score files. | |
764 | * Kill Files:: They are still here, but they can be ignored. | |
765 | * Converting Kill Files:: Translating kill files to score files. | |
766 | * GroupLens:: Getting predictions on what you like to read. | |
767 | * Advanced Scoring:: Using logical expressions to build score rules. | |
768 | * Score Decays:: It can be useful to let scores wither away. | |
2625a8f7 GM |
769 | |
770 | GroupLens | |
771 | ||
23f87bed MB |
772 | * Using GroupLens:: How to make Gnus use GroupLens. |
773 | * Rating Articles:: Letting GroupLens know how you rate articles. | |
774 | * Displaying Predictions:: Displaying predictions given by GroupLens. | |
775 | * GroupLens Variables:: Customizing GroupLens. | |
2625a8f7 GM |
776 | |
777 | Advanced Scoring | |
778 | ||
779 | * Advanced Scoring Syntax:: A definition. | |
780 | * Advanced Scoring Examples:: What they look like. | |
781 | * Advanced Scoring Tips:: Getting the most out of it. | |
782 | ||
783 | Various | |
784 | ||
23f87bed MB |
785 | * Process/Prefix:: A convention used by many treatment commands. |
786 | * Interactive:: Making Gnus ask you many questions. | |
787 | * Symbolic Prefixes:: How to supply some Gnus functions with options. | |
788 | * Formatting Variables:: You can specify what buffers should look like. | |
789 | * Window Layout:: Configuring the Gnus buffer windows. | |
790 | * Faces and Fonts:: How to change how faces look. | |
791 | * Compilation:: How to speed Gnus up. | |
792 | * Mode Lines:: Displaying information in the mode lines. | |
793 | * Highlighting and Menus:: Making buffers look all nice and cozy. | |
794 | * Buttons:: Get tendinitis in ten easy steps! | |
795 | * Daemons:: Gnus can do things behind your back. | |
796 | * NoCeM:: How to avoid spam and other fatty foods. | |
797 | * Undo:: Some actions can be undone. | |
798 | * Predicate Specifiers:: Specifying predicates. | |
799 | * Moderation:: What to do if you're a moderator. | |
800 | * Image Enhancements:: Modern versions of Emacs/XEmacs can display images. | |
801 | * Fuzzy Matching:: What's the big fuzz? | |
93f86ee0 RS |
802 | * Thwarting Email Spam:: Simple ways to avoid unsolicited commercial email. |
803 | * Spam Package:: A package for filtering and processing spam. | |
23f87bed MB |
804 | * Other modes:: Interaction with other modes. |
805 | * Various Various:: Things that are really various. | |
2625a8f7 GM |
806 | |
807 | Formatting Variables | |
808 | ||
23f87bed MB |
809 | * Formatting Basics:: A formatting variable is basically a format string. |
810 | * Mode Line Formatting:: Some rules about mode line formatting variables. | |
811 | * Advanced Formatting:: Modifying output in various ways. | |
812 | * User-Defined Specs:: Having Gnus call your own functions. | |
813 | * Formatting Fonts:: Making the formatting look colorful and nice. | |
814 | * Positioning Point:: Moving point to a position after an operation. | |
815 | * Tabulation:: Tabulating your output. | |
816 | * Wide Characters:: Dealing with wide characters. | |
817 | ||
818 | Image Enhancements | |
819 | ||
820 | * X-Face:: Display a funky, teensy black-and-white image. | |
821 | * Face:: Display a funkier, teensier colored image. | |
93f86ee0 RS |
822 | * Smileys:: Show all those happy faces the way they were |
823 | meant to be shown. | |
23f87bed MB |
824 | * Picons:: How to display pictures of what you're reading. |
825 | * XVarious:: Other XEmacsy Gnusey variables. | |
826 | ||
827 | Thwarting Email Spam | |
828 | ||
829 | * The problem of spam:: Some background, and some solutions | |
830 | * Anti-Spam Basics:: Simple steps to reduce the amount of spam. | |
831 | * SpamAssassin:: How to use external anti-spam tools. | |
832 | * Hashcash:: Reduce spam by burning CPU time. | |
23f87bed | 833 | |
93f86ee0 | 834 | Spam Package |
23f87bed | 835 | |
93f86ee0 RS |
836 | * Spam Package Introduction:: |
837 | * Filtering Incoming Mail:: | |
838 | * Detecting Spam in Groups:: | |
839 | * Spam and Ham Processors:: | |
840 | * Spam Package Configuration Examples:: | |
841 | * Spam Back Ends:: | |
842 | * Extending the Spam package:: | |
843 | * Spam Statistics Package:: | |
23f87bed | 844 | |
93f86ee0 | 845 | Spam Statistics Package |
23f87bed MB |
846 | |
847 | * Creating a spam-stat dictionary:: | |
848 | * Splitting mail using spam-stat:: | |
849 | * Low-level interface to the spam-stat dictionary:: | |
2625a8f7 GM |
850 | |
851 | Appendices | |
852 | ||
23f87bed MB |
853 | * XEmacs:: Requirements for installing under XEmacs. |
854 | * History:: How Gnus got where it is today. | |
855 | * On Writing Manuals:: Why this is not a beginner's guide. | |
856 | * Terminology:: We use really difficult, like, words here. | |
857 | * Customization:: Tailoring Gnus to your needs. | |
858 | * Troubleshooting:: What you might try if things do not work. | |
859 | * Gnus Reference Guide:: Rilly, rilly technical stuff. | |
860 | * Emacs for Heathens:: A short introduction to Emacsian terms. | |
861 | * Frequently Asked Questions:: The Gnus FAQ | |
2625a8f7 GM |
862 | |
863 | History | |
864 | ||
23f87bed MB |
865 | * Gnus Versions:: What Gnus versions have been released. |
866 | * Other Gnus Versions:: Other Gnus versions that also have been released. | |
867 | * Why?:: What's the point of Gnus? | |
868 | * Compatibility:: Just how compatible is Gnus with @sc{gnus}? | |
869 | * Conformity:: Gnus tries to conform to all standards. | |
870 | * Emacsen:: Gnus can be run on a few modern Emacsen. | |
871 | * Gnus Development:: How Gnus is developed. | |
872 | * Contributors:: Oodles of people. | |
873 | * New Features:: Pointers to some of the new stuff in Gnus. | |
2625a8f7 GM |
874 | |
875 | New Features | |
876 | ||
23f87bed MB |
877 | * ding Gnus:: New things in Gnus 5.0/5.1, the first new Gnus. |
878 | * September Gnus:: The Thing Formally Known As Gnus 5.2/5.3. | |
879 | * Red Gnus:: Third time best---Gnus 5.4/5.5. | |
880 | * Quassia Gnus:: Two times two is four, or Gnus 5.6/5.7. | |
881 | * Pterodactyl Gnus:: Pentad also starts with P, AKA Gnus 5.8/5.9. | |
8903a9c8 | 882 | * Oort Gnus:: It's big. It's far out. Gnus 5.10/5.11. |
2625a8f7 GM |
883 | |
884 | Customization | |
885 | ||
23f87bed MB |
886 | * Slow/Expensive Connection:: You run a local Emacs and get the news elsewhere. |
887 | * Slow Terminal Connection:: You run a remote Emacs. | |
888 | * Little Disk Space:: You feel that having large setup files is icky. | |
889 | * Slow Machine:: You feel like buying a faster machine. | |
2625a8f7 GM |
890 | |
891 | Gnus Reference Guide | |
892 | ||
23f87bed MB |
893 | * Gnus Utility Functions:: Common functions and variable to use. |
894 | * Back End Interface:: How Gnus communicates with the servers. | |
895 | * Score File Syntax:: A BNF definition of the score file standard. | |
896 | * Headers:: How Gnus stores headers internally. | |
897 | * Ranges:: A handy format for storing mucho numbers. | |
898 | * Group Info:: The group info format. | |
899 | * Extended Interactive:: Symbolic prefixes and stuff. | |
900 | * Emacs/XEmacs Code:: Gnus can be run under all modern Emacsen. | |
901 | * Various File Formats:: Formats of files that Gnus use. | |
2625a8f7 | 902 | |
a8edc211 | 903 | Back End Interface |
2625a8f7 | 904 | |
23f87bed MB |
905 | * Required Back End Functions:: Functions that must be implemented. |
906 | * Optional Back End Functions:: Functions that need not be implemented. | |
907 | * Error Messaging:: How to get messages and report errors. | |
908 | * Writing New Back Ends:: Extending old back ends. | |
909 | * Hooking New Back Ends Into Gnus:: What has to be done on the Gnus end. | |
910 | * Mail-like Back Ends:: Some tips on mail back ends. | |
2625a8f7 GM |
911 | |
912 | Various File Formats | |
913 | ||
23f87bed MB |
914 | * Active File Format:: Information on articles and groups available. |
915 | * Newsgroups File Format:: Group descriptions. | |
2625a8f7 GM |
916 | |
917 | Emacs for Heathens | |
918 | ||
23f87bed MB |
919 | * Keystrokes:: Entering text and executing commands. |
920 | * Emacs Lisp:: The built-in Emacs programming language. | |
2625a8f7 GM |
921 | |
922 | @end detailmenu | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
923 | @end menu |
924 | ||
925 | @node Starting Up | |
926 | @chapter Starting Gnus | |
927 | @cindex starting up | |
928 | ||
715488f1 MB |
929 | If you are haven't used Emacs much before using Gnus, read @ref{Emacs |
930 | for Heathens} first. | |
931 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
932 | @kindex M-x gnus |
933 | @findex gnus | |
934 | If your system administrator has set things up properly, starting Gnus | |
935 | and reading news is extremely easy---you just type @kbd{M-x gnus} in | |
715488f1 MB |
936 | your Emacs. If not, you should customize the variable |
937 | @code{gnus-select-method} as described in @ref{Finding the News}. For a | |
938 | minimal setup for posting should also customize the variables | |
939 | @code{user-full-name} and @code{user-mail-address}. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
940 | |
941 | @findex gnus-other-frame | |
942 | @kindex M-x gnus-other-frame | |
943 | If you want to start Gnus in a different frame, you can use the command | |
944 | @kbd{M-x gnus-other-frame} instead. | |
945 | ||
946 | If things do not go smoothly at startup, you have to twiddle some | |
23f87bed MB |
947 | variables in your @file{~/.gnus.el} file. This file is similar to |
948 | @file{~/.emacs}, but is read when Gnus starts. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
949 | |
950 | If you puzzle at any terms used in this manual, please refer to the | |
951 | terminology section (@pxref{Terminology}). | |
952 | ||
953 | @menu | |
aba1948a MB |
954 | * Finding the News:: Choosing a method for getting news. |
955 | * The First Time:: What does Gnus do the first time you start it? | |
956 | * The Server is Down:: How can I read my mail then? | |
957 | * Slave Gnusae:: You can have more than one Gnus active at a time. | |
958 | * New Groups:: What is Gnus supposed to do with new groups? | |
959 | * Changing Servers:: You may want to move from one server to another. | |
960 | * Startup Files:: Those pesky startup files---@file{.newsrc}. | |
961 | * Auto Save:: Recovering from a crash. | |
962 | * The Active File:: Reading the active file over a slow line Takes Time. | |
963 | * Startup Variables:: Other variables you might change. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
964 | @end menu |
965 | ||
966 | ||
967 | @node Finding the News | |
968 | @section Finding the News | |
969 | @cindex finding news | |
970 | ||
971 | @vindex gnus-select-method | |
972 | @c @head | |
973 | The @code{gnus-select-method} variable says where Gnus should look for | |
974 | news. This variable should be a list where the first element says | |
975 | @dfn{how} and the second element says @dfn{where}. This method is your | |
976 | native method. All groups not fetched with this method are | |
977 | foreign groups. | |
978 | ||
23f87bed | 979 | For instance, if the @samp{news.somewhere.edu} @acronym{NNTP} server is where |
6bf7aab6 DL |
980 | you want to get your daily dosage of news from, you'd say: |
981 | ||
982 | @lisp | |
983 | (setq gnus-select-method '(nntp "news.somewhere.edu")) | |
984 | @end lisp | |
985 | ||
986 | If you want to read directly from the local spool, say: | |
987 | ||
988 | @lisp | |
989 | (setq gnus-select-method '(nnspool "")) | |
990 | @end lisp | |
991 | ||
992 | If you can use a local spool, you probably should, as it will almost | |
23f87bed | 993 | certainly be much faster. But do not use the local spool if your |
aba1948a MB |
994 | server is running Leafnode (which is a simple, standalone private news |
995 | server); in this case, use @code{(nntp "localhost")}. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
996 | |
997 | @vindex gnus-nntpserver-file | |
998 | @cindex NNTPSERVER | |
23f87bed | 999 | @cindex @acronym{NNTP} server |
6bf7aab6 | 1000 | If this variable is not set, Gnus will take a look at the |
23f87bed | 1001 | @env{NNTPSERVER} environment variable. If that variable isn't set, |
6bf7aab6 | 1002 | Gnus will see whether @code{gnus-nntpserver-file} |
23f87bed MB |
1003 | (@file{/etc/nntpserver} by default) has any opinions on the matter. |
1004 | If that fails as well, Gnus will try to use the machine running Emacs | |
1005 | as an @acronym{NNTP} server. That's a long shot, though. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1006 | |
1007 | @vindex gnus-nntp-server | |
1008 | If @code{gnus-nntp-server} is set, this variable will override | |
1009 | @code{gnus-select-method}. You should therefore set | |
1010 | @code{gnus-nntp-server} to @code{nil}, which is what it is by default. | |
1011 | ||
1012 | @vindex gnus-secondary-servers | |
2625a8f7 | 1013 | @vindex gnus-nntp-server |
6bf7aab6 | 1014 | You can also make Gnus prompt you interactively for the name of an |
23f87bed | 1015 | @acronym{NNTP} server. If you give a non-numerical prefix to @code{gnus} |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1016 | (i.e., @kbd{C-u M-x gnus}), Gnus will let you choose between the servers |
1017 | in the @code{gnus-secondary-servers} list (if any). You can also just | |
2625a8f7 GM |
1018 | type in the name of any server you feel like visiting. (Note that this |
1019 | will set @code{gnus-nntp-server}, which means that if you then @kbd{M-x | |
1020 | gnus} later in the same Emacs session, Gnus will contact the same | |
1021 | server.) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1022 | |
1023 | @findex gnus-group-browse-foreign-server | |
23f87bed MB |
1024 | @kindex B (Group) |
1025 | However, if you use one @acronym{NNTP} server regularly and are just | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1026 | interested in a couple of groups from a different server, you would be |
1027 | better served by using the @kbd{B} command in the group buffer. It will | |
1028 | let you have a look at what groups are available, and you can subscribe | |
1029 | to any of the groups you want to. This also makes @file{.newsrc} | |
1030 | maintenance much tidier. @xref{Foreign Groups}. | |
1031 | ||
1032 | @vindex gnus-secondary-select-methods | |
1033 | @c @head | |
1034 | A slightly different approach to foreign groups is to set the | |
1035 | @code{gnus-secondary-select-methods} variable. The select methods | |
1036 | listed in this variable are in many ways just as native as the | |
1037 | @code{gnus-select-method} server. They will also be queried for active | |
1038 | files during startup (if that's required), and new newsgroups that | |
1039 | appear on these servers will be subscribed (or not) just as native | |
1040 | groups are. | |
1041 | ||
a8edc211 SZ |
1042 | For instance, if you use the @code{nnmbox} back end to read your mail, |
1043 | you would typically set this variable to | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1044 | |
1045 | @lisp | |
1046 | (setq gnus-secondary-select-methods '((nnmbox ""))) | |
1047 | @end lisp | |
1048 | ||
1049 | ||
1050 | @node The First Time | |
1051 | @section The First Time | |
1052 | @cindex first time usage | |
1053 | ||
aba1948a MB |
1054 | If no startup files exist (@pxref{Startup Files}), Gnus will try to |
1055 | determine what groups should be subscribed by default. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1056 | |
1057 | @vindex gnus-default-subscribed-newsgroups | |
1058 | If the variable @code{gnus-default-subscribed-newsgroups} is set, Gnus | |
1059 | will subscribe you to just those groups in that list, leaving the rest | |
1060 | killed. Your system administrator should have set this variable to | |
1061 | something useful. | |
1062 | ||
1063 | Since she hasn't, Gnus will just subscribe you to a few arbitrarily | |
1064 | picked groups (i.e., @samp{*.newusers}). (@dfn{Arbitrary} is defined | |
1065 | here as @dfn{whatever Lars thinks you should read}.) | |
1066 | ||
1067 | You'll also be subscribed to the Gnus documentation group, which should | |
1068 | help you with most common problems. | |
1069 | ||
1070 | If @code{gnus-default-subscribed-newsgroups} is @code{t}, Gnus will just | |
1071 | use the normal functions for handling new groups, and not do anything | |
1072 | special. | |
1073 | ||
1074 | ||
1075 | @node The Server is Down | |
1076 | @section The Server is Down | |
1077 | @cindex server errors | |
1078 | ||
1079 | If the default server is down, Gnus will understandably have some | |
1080 | problems starting. However, if you have some mail groups in addition to | |
1081 | the news groups, you may want to start Gnus anyway. | |
1082 | ||
1083 | Gnus, being the trusting sort of program, will ask whether to proceed | |
1084 | without a native select method if that server can't be contacted. This | |
1085 | will happen whether the server doesn't actually exist (i.e., you have | |
1086 | given the wrong address) or the server has just momentarily taken ill | |
1087 | for some reason or other. If you decide to continue and have no foreign | |
1088 | groups, you'll find it difficult to actually do anything in the group | |
1089 | buffer. But, hey, that's your problem. Blllrph! | |
1090 | ||
1091 | @findex gnus-no-server | |
1092 | @kindex M-x gnus-no-server | |
1093 | @c @head | |
1094 | If you know that the server is definitely down, or you just want to read | |
1095 | your mail without bothering with the server at all, you can use the | |
1096 | @code{gnus-no-server} command to start Gnus. That might come in handy | |
1097 | if you're in a hurry as well. This command will not attempt to contact | |
1098 | your primary server---instead, it will just activate all groups on level | |
1099 | 1 and 2. (You should preferably keep no native groups on those two | |
23f87bed | 1100 | levels.) Also @pxref{Group Levels}. |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1101 | |
1102 | ||
1103 | @node Slave Gnusae | |
1104 | @section Slave Gnusae | |
1105 | @cindex slave | |
1106 | ||
1107 | You might want to run more than one Emacs with more than one Gnus at the | |
1108 | same time. If you are using different @file{.newsrc} files (e.g., if you | |
1109 | are using the two different Gnusae to read from two different servers), | |
1110 | that is no problem whatsoever. You just do it. | |
1111 | ||
1112 | The problem appears when you want to run two Gnusae that use the same | |
23f87bed | 1113 | @file{.newsrc} file. |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1114 | |
1115 | To work around that problem some, we here at the Think-Tank at the Gnus | |
1116 | Towers have come up with a new concept: @dfn{Masters} and | |
1117 | @dfn{slaves}. (We have applied for a patent on this concept, and have | |
1118 | taken out a copyright on those words. If you wish to use those words in | |
1119 | conjunction with each other, you have to send $1 per usage instance to | |
1120 | me. Usage of the patent (@dfn{Master/Slave Relationships In Computer | |
1121 | Applications}) will be much more expensive, of course.) | |
1122 | ||
23f87bed | 1123 | @findex gnus-slave |
f5d4cd5e | 1124 | Anyway, you start one Gnus up the normal way with @kbd{M-x gnus} (or |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1125 | however you do it). Each subsequent slave Gnusae should be started with |
1126 | @kbd{M-x gnus-slave}. These slaves won't save normal @file{.newsrc} | |
1127 | files, but instead save @dfn{slave files} that contain information only | |
1128 | on what groups have been read in the slave session. When a master Gnus | |
1129 | starts, it will read (and delete) these slave files, incorporating all | |
1130 | information from them. (The slave files will be read in the sequence | |
1131 | they were created, so the latest changes will have precedence.) | |
1132 | ||
1133 | Information from the slave files has, of course, precedence over the | |
23f87bed | 1134 | information in the normal (i.e., master) @file{.newsrc} file. |
6bf7aab6 | 1135 | |
23f87bed MB |
1136 | If the @file{.newsrc*} files have not been saved in the master when the |
1137 | slave starts, you may be prompted as to whether to read an auto-save | |
1138 | file. If you answer ``yes'', the unsaved changes to the master will be | |
1139 | incorporated into the slave. If you answer ``no'', the slave may see some | |
1140 | messages as unread that have been read in the master. | |
6bf7aab6 | 1141 | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1142 | |
1143 | ||
1144 | @node New Groups | |
1145 | @section New Groups | |
1146 | @cindex new groups | |
1147 | @cindex subscription | |
1148 | ||
1149 | @vindex gnus-check-new-newsgroups | |
1150 | If you are satisfied that you really never want to see any new groups, | |
1151 | you can set @code{gnus-check-new-newsgroups} to @code{nil}. This will | |
1152 | also save you some time at startup. Even if this variable is | |
1153 | @code{nil}, you can always subscribe to the new groups just by pressing | |
1154 | @kbd{U} in the group buffer (@pxref{Group Maintenance}). This variable | |
1155 | is @code{ask-server} by default. If you set this variable to | |
a8edc211 | 1156 | @code{always}, then Gnus will query the back ends for new groups even |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1157 | when you do the @kbd{g} command (@pxref{Scanning New Messages}). |
1158 | ||
1159 | @menu | |
23f87bed MB |
1160 | * Checking New Groups:: Determining what groups are new. |
1161 | * Subscription Methods:: What Gnus should do with new groups. | |
1162 | * Filtering New Groups:: Making Gnus ignore certain new groups. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1163 | @end menu |
1164 | ||
1165 | ||
1166 | @node Checking New Groups | |
1167 | @subsection Checking New Groups | |
1168 | ||
1169 | Gnus normally determines whether a group is new or not by comparing the | |
1170 | list of groups from the active file(s) with the lists of subscribed and | |
1171 | dead groups. This isn't a particularly fast method. If | |
1172 | @code{gnus-check-new-newsgroups} is @code{ask-server}, Gnus will ask the | |
1173 | server for new groups since the last time. This is both faster and | |
1174 | cheaper. This also means that you can get rid of the list of killed | |
1175 | groups altogether, so you may set @code{gnus-save-killed-list} to | |
1176 | @code{nil}, which will save time both at startup, at exit, and all over. | |
1177 | Saves disk space, too. Why isn't this the default, then? | |
1178 | Unfortunately, not all servers support this command. | |
1179 | ||
1180 | I bet I know what you're thinking now: How do I find out whether my | |
1181 | server supports @code{ask-server}? No? Good, because I don't have a | |
1182 | fail-safe answer. I would suggest just setting this variable to | |
1183 | @code{ask-server} and see whether any new groups appear within the next | |
1184 | few days. If any do, then it works. If none do, then it doesn't | |
1185 | work. I could write a function to make Gnus guess whether the server | |
1186 | supports @code{ask-server}, but it would just be a guess. So I won't. | |
1187 | You could @code{telnet} to the server and say @code{HELP} and see | |
1188 | whether it lists @samp{NEWGROUPS} among the commands it understands. If | |
1189 | it does, then it might work. (But there are servers that lists | |
1190 | @samp{NEWGROUPS} without supporting the function properly.) | |
1191 | ||
1192 | This variable can also be a list of select methods. If so, Gnus will | |
1193 | issue an @code{ask-server} command to each of the select methods, and | |
1194 | subscribe them (or not) using the normal methods. This might be handy | |
1195 | if you are monitoring a few servers for new groups. A side effect is | |
1196 | that startup will take much longer, so you can meditate while waiting. | |
1197 | Use the mantra ``dingnusdingnusdingnus'' to achieve permanent bliss. | |
1198 | ||
1199 | ||
1200 | @node Subscription Methods | |
1201 | @subsection Subscription Methods | |
1202 | ||
1203 | @vindex gnus-subscribe-newsgroup-method | |
1204 | What Gnus does when it encounters a new group is determined by the | |
1205 | @code{gnus-subscribe-newsgroup-method} variable. | |
1206 | ||
1207 | This variable should contain a function. This function will be called | |
1208 | with the name of the new group as the only parameter. | |
1209 | ||
1210 | Some handy pre-fab functions are: | |
1211 | ||
1212 | @table @code | |
1213 | ||
1214 | @item gnus-subscribe-zombies | |
1215 | @vindex gnus-subscribe-zombies | |
1216 | Make all new groups zombies. This is the default. You can browse the | |
1217 | zombies later (with @kbd{A z}) and either kill them all off properly | |
1218 | (with @kbd{S z}), or subscribe to them (with @kbd{u}). | |
1219 | ||
1220 | @item gnus-subscribe-randomly | |
1221 | @vindex gnus-subscribe-randomly | |
1222 | Subscribe all new groups in arbitrary order. This really means that all | |
1223 | new groups will be added at ``the top'' of the group buffer. | |
1224 | ||
1225 | @item gnus-subscribe-alphabetically | |
1226 | @vindex gnus-subscribe-alphabetically | |
1227 | Subscribe all new groups in alphabetical order. | |
1228 | ||
1229 | @item gnus-subscribe-hierarchically | |
1230 | @vindex gnus-subscribe-hierarchically | |
1231 | Subscribe all new groups hierarchically. The difference between this | |
1232 | function and @code{gnus-subscribe-alphabetically} is slight. | |
1233 | @code{gnus-subscribe-alphabetically} will subscribe new groups in a strictly | |
2625a8f7 | 1234 | alphabetical fashion, while this function will enter groups into its |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1235 | hierarchy. So if you want to have the @samp{rec} hierarchy before the |
1236 | @samp{comp} hierarchy, this function will not mess that configuration | |
1237 | up. Or something like that. | |
1238 | ||
1239 | @item gnus-subscribe-interactively | |
1240 | @vindex gnus-subscribe-interactively | |
1241 | Subscribe new groups interactively. This means that Gnus will ask | |
1242 | you about @strong{all} new groups. The groups you choose to subscribe | |
1243 | to will be subscribed hierarchically. | |
1244 | ||
1245 | @item gnus-subscribe-killed | |
1246 | @vindex gnus-subscribe-killed | |
1247 | Kill all new groups. | |
1248 | ||
2625a8f7 GM |
1249 | @item gnus-subscribe-topics |
1250 | @vindex gnus-subscribe-topics | |
177c0ea7 | 1251 | Put the groups into the topic that has a matching @code{subscribe} topic |
2625a8f7 GM |
1252 | parameter (@pxref{Topic Parameters}). For instance, a @code{subscribe} |
1253 | topic parameter that looks like | |
1254 | ||
1255 | @example | |
1256 | "nnslashdot" | |
1257 | @end example | |
1258 | ||
177c0ea7 | 1259 | will mean that all groups that match that regex will be subscribed under |
2625a8f7 GM |
1260 | that topic. |
1261 | ||
1262 | If no topics match the groups, the groups will be subscribed in the | |
1263 | top-level topic. | |
1264 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
1265 | @end table |
1266 | ||
1267 | @vindex gnus-subscribe-hierarchical-interactive | |
1268 | A closely related variable is | |
1269 | @code{gnus-subscribe-hierarchical-interactive}. (That's quite a | |
1270 | mouthful.) If this variable is non-@code{nil}, Gnus will ask you in a | |
1271 | hierarchical fashion whether to subscribe to new groups or not. Gnus | |
1272 | will ask you for each sub-hierarchy whether you want to descend the | |
1273 | hierarchy or not. | |
1274 | ||
1275 | One common mistake is to set the variable a few paragraphs above | |
1276 | (@code{gnus-subscribe-newsgroup-method}) to | |
1277 | @code{gnus-subscribe-hierarchical-interactive}. This is an error. This | |
1278 | will not work. This is ga-ga. So don't do it. | |
1279 | ||
1280 | ||
1281 | @node Filtering New Groups | |
1282 | @subsection Filtering New Groups | |
1283 | ||
1284 | A nice and portable way to control which new newsgroups should be | |
1285 | subscribed (or ignored) is to put an @dfn{options} line at the start of | |
1286 | the @file{.newsrc} file. Here's an example: | |
1287 | ||
1288 | @example | |
1289 | options -n !alt.all !rec.all sci.all | |
1290 | @end example | |
1291 | ||
1292 | @vindex gnus-subscribe-options-newsgroup-method | |
1293 | This line obviously belongs to a serious-minded intellectual scientific | |
1294 | person (or she may just be plain old boring), because it says that all | |
1295 | groups that have names beginning with @samp{alt} and @samp{rec} should | |
1296 | be ignored, and all groups with names beginning with @samp{sci} should | |
1297 | be subscribed. Gnus will not use the normal subscription method for | |
1298 | subscribing these groups. | |
1299 | @code{gnus-subscribe-options-newsgroup-method} is used instead. This | |
1300 | variable defaults to @code{gnus-subscribe-alphabetically}. | |
1301 | ||
1302 | @vindex gnus-options-not-subscribe | |
1303 | @vindex gnus-options-subscribe | |
1304 | If you don't want to mess with your @file{.newsrc} file, you can just | |
1305 | set the two variables @code{gnus-options-subscribe} and | |
1306 | @code{gnus-options-not-subscribe}. These two variables do exactly the | |
1307 | same as the @file{.newsrc} @samp{options -n} trick. Both are regexps, | |
1308 | and if the new group matches the former, it will be unconditionally | |
1309 | subscribed, and if it matches the latter, it will be ignored. | |
1310 | ||
1311 | @vindex gnus-auto-subscribed-groups | |
1312 | Yet another variable that meddles here is | |
1313 | @code{gnus-auto-subscribed-groups}. It works exactly like | |
23f87bed MB |
1314 | @code{gnus-options-subscribe}, and is therefore really superfluous, |
1315 | but I thought it would be nice to have two of these. This variable is | |
1316 | more meant for setting some ground rules, while the other variable is | |
1317 | used more for user fiddling. By default this variable makes all new | |
1318 | groups that come from mail back ends (@code{nnml}, @code{nnbabyl}, | |
1319 | @code{nnfolder}, @code{nnmbox}, @code{nnmh}, and @code{nnmaildir}) | |
1320 | subscribed. If you don't like that, just set this variable to | |
1321 | @code{nil}. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1322 | |
1323 | New groups that match this regexp are subscribed using | |
1324 | @code{gnus-subscribe-options-newsgroup-method}. | |
1325 | ||
1326 | ||
1327 | @node Changing Servers | |
1328 | @section Changing Servers | |
1329 | @cindex changing servers | |
1330 | ||
23f87bed | 1331 | Sometimes it is necessary to move from one @acronym{NNTP} server to another. |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1332 | This happens very rarely, but perhaps you change jobs, or one server is |
1333 | very flaky and you want to use another. | |
1334 | ||
1335 | Changing the server is pretty easy, right? You just change | |
1336 | @code{gnus-select-method} to point to the new server? | |
1337 | ||
1338 | @emph{Wrong!} | |
1339 | ||
1340 | Article numbers are not (in any way) kept synchronized between different | |
23f87bed | 1341 | @acronym{NNTP} servers, and the only way Gnus keeps track of what articles |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1342 | you have read is by keeping track of article numbers. So when you |
1343 | change @code{gnus-select-method}, your @file{.newsrc} file becomes | |
1344 | worthless. | |
1345 | ||
1346 | Gnus provides a few functions to attempt to translate a @file{.newsrc} | |
1347 | file from one server to another. They all have one thing in | |
1348 | common---they take a looong time to run. You don't want to use these | |
1349 | functions more than absolutely necessary. | |
1350 | ||
1351 | @kindex M-x gnus-change-server | |
1352 | @findex gnus-change-server | |
1353 | If you have access to both servers, Gnus can request the headers for all | |
1354 | the articles you have read and compare @code{Message-ID}s and map the | |
1355 | article numbers of the read articles and article marks. The @kbd{M-x | |
1356 | gnus-change-server} command will do this for all your native groups. It | |
1357 | will prompt for the method you want to move to. | |
1358 | ||
1359 | @kindex M-x gnus-group-move-group-to-server | |
1360 | @findex gnus-group-move-group-to-server | |
1361 | You can also move individual groups with the @kbd{M-x | |
1362 | gnus-group-move-group-to-server} command. This is useful if you want to | |
1363 | move a (foreign) group from one server to another. | |
1364 | ||
1365 | @kindex M-x gnus-group-clear-data-on-native-groups | |
1366 | @findex gnus-group-clear-data-on-native-groups | |
1367 | If you don't have access to both the old and new server, all your marks | |
1368 | and read ranges have become worthless. You can use the @kbd{M-x | |
1369 | gnus-group-clear-data-on-native-groups} command to clear out all data | |
1370 | that you have on your native groups. Use with caution. | |
1371 | ||
23f87bed MB |
1372 | @kindex M-x gnus-group-clear-data |
1373 | @findex gnus-group-clear-data | |
1374 | Clear the data from the current group only---nix out marks and the | |
1375 | list of read articles (@code{gnus-group-clear-data}). | |
1376 | ||
2625a8f7 GM |
1377 | After changing servers, you @strong{must} move the cache hierarchy away, |
1378 | since the cached articles will have wrong article numbers, which will | |
1379 | affect which articles Gnus thinks are read. | |
23f87bed MB |
1380 | @code{gnus-group-clear-data-on-native-groups} will ask you if you want |
1381 | to have it done automatically; for @code{gnus-group-clear-data}, you | |
1382 | can use @kbd{M-x gnus-cache-move-cache} (but beware, it will move the | |
1383 | cache for all groups). | |
2625a8f7 | 1384 | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1385 | |
1386 | @node Startup Files | |
1387 | @section Startup Files | |
1388 | @cindex startup files | |
1389 | @cindex .newsrc | |
1390 | @cindex .newsrc.el | |
1391 | @cindex .newsrc.eld | |
1392 | ||
aba1948a MB |
1393 | Most common Unix news readers use a shared startup file called |
1394 | @file{.newsrc}. This file contains all the information about what | |
1395 | groups are subscribed, and which articles in these groups have been | |
3d80e1a2 | 1396 | read. |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1397 | |
1398 | Things got a bit more complicated with @sc{gnus}. In addition to | |
1399 | keeping the @file{.newsrc} file updated, it also used a file called | |
1400 | @file{.newsrc.el} for storing all the information that didn't fit into | |
1401 | the @file{.newsrc} file. (Actually, it also duplicated everything in | |
1402 | the @file{.newsrc} file.) @sc{gnus} would read whichever one of these | |
1403 | files was the most recently saved, which enabled people to swap between | |
1404 | @sc{gnus} and other newsreaders. | |
1405 | ||
1406 | That was kinda silly, so Gnus went one better: In addition to the | |
1407 | @file{.newsrc} and @file{.newsrc.el} files, Gnus also has a file called | |
1408 | @file{.newsrc.eld}. It will read whichever of these files that are most | |
1409 | recent, but it will never write a @file{.newsrc.el} file. You should | |
1410 | never delete the @file{.newsrc.eld} file---it contains much information | |
1411 | not stored in the @file{.newsrc} file. | |
1412 | ||
1413 | @vindex gnus-save-newsrc-file | |
2625a8f7 | 1414 | @vindex gnus-read-newsrc-file |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1415 | You can turn off writing the @file{.newsrc} file by setting |
1416 | @code{gnus-save-newsrc-file} to @code{nil}, which means you can delete | |
1417 | the file and save some space, as well as exiting from Gnus faster. | |
1418 | However, this will make it impossible to use other newsreaders than | |
2625a8f7 GM |
1419 | Gnus. But hey, who would want to, right? Similarly, setting |
1420 | @code{gnus-read-newsrc-file} to @code{nil} makes Gnus ignore the | |
aba1948a MB |
1421 | @file{.newsrc} file and any @file{.newsrc-SERVER} files, which can be |
1422 | convenient if you use a different news reader occasionally, and you | |
1423 | want to read a different subset of the available groups with that | |
1424 | news reader. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1425 | |
1426 | @vindex gnus-save-killed-list | |
1427 | If @code{gnus-save-killed-list} (default @code{t}) is @code{nil}, Gnus | |
1428 | will not save the list of killed groups to the startup file. This will | |
1429 | save both time (when starting and quitting) and space (on disk). It | |
1430 | will also mean that Gnus has no record of what groups are new or old, | |
1431 | so the automatic new groups subscription methods become meaningless. | |
1432 | You should always set @code{gnus-check-new-newsgroups} to @code{nil} or | |
1433 | @code{ask-server} if you set this variable to @code{nil} (@pxref{New | |
1434 | Groups}). This variable can also be a regular expression. If that's | |
1435 | the case, remove all groups that do not match this regexp before | |
1436 | saving. This can be useful in certain obscure situations that involve | |
1437 | several servers where not all servers support @code{ask-server}. | |
1438 | ||
1439 | @vindex gnus-startup-file | |
23f87bed MB |
1440 | @vindex gnus-backup-startup-file |
1441 | @vindex version-control | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1442 | The @code{gnus-startup-file} variable says where the startup files are. |
1443 | The default value is @file{~/.newsrc}, with the Gnus (El Dingo) startup | |
1444 | file being whatever that one is, with a @samp{.eld} appended. | |
23f87bed MB |
1445 | If you want version control for this file, set |
1446 | @code{gnus-backup-startup-file}. It respects the same values as the | |
1447 | @code{version-control} variable. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1448 | |
1449 | @vindex gnus-save-newsrc-hook | |
1450 | @vindex gnus-save-quick-newsrc-hook | |
1451 | @vindex gnus-save-standard-newsrc-hook | |
1452 | @code{gnus-save-newsrc-hook} is called before saving any of the newsrc | |
1453 | files, while @code{gnus-save-quick-newsrc-hook} is called just before | |
1454 | saving the @file{.newsrc.eld} file, and | |
1455 | @code{gnus-save-standard-newsrc-hook} is called just before saving the | |
1456 | @file{.newsrc} file. The latter two are commonly used to turn version | |
1457 | control on or off. Version control is on by default when saving the | |
1458 | startup files. If you want to turn backup creation off, say something like: | |
1459 | ||
1460 | @lisp | |
1461 | (defun turn-off-backup () | |
1462 | (set (make-local-variable 'backup-inhibited) t)) | |
1463 | ||
1464 | (add-hook 'gnus-save-quick-newsrc-hook 'turn-off-backup) | |
1465 | (add-hook 'gnus-save-standard-newsrc-hook 'turn-off-backup) | |
1466 | @end lisp | |
1467 | ||
1468 | @vindex gnus-init-file | |
23f87bed | 1469 | @vindex gnus-site-init-file |
6bf7aab6 | 1470 | When Gnus starts, it will read the @code{gnus-site-init-file} |
753f8b0f | 1471 | (@file{.../site-lisp/gnus-init} by default) and @code{gnus-init-file} |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1472 | (@file{~/.gnus} by default) files. These are normal Emacs Lisp files |
1473 | and can be used to avoid cluttering your @file{~/.emacs} and | |
1474 | @file{site-init} files with Gnus stuff. Gnus will also check for files | |
1475 | with the same names as these, but with @file{.elc} and @file{.el} | |
1476 | suffixes. In other words, if you have set @code{gnus-init-file} to | |
1477 | @file{~/.gnus}, it will look for @file{~/.gnus.elc}, @file{~/.gnus.el}, | |
753f8b0f MB |
1478 | and finally @file{~/.gnus} (in this order). If Emacs was invoked with |
1479 | the @option{-q} or @option{--no-init-file} options (@pxref{Initial | |
1480 | Options, ,Initial Options, emacs, The Emacs Manual}), Gnus doesn't read | |
1481 | @code{gnus-init-file}. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1482 | |
1483 | ||
1484 | @node Auto Save | |
1485 | @section Auto Save | |
1486 | @cindex dribble file | |
1487 | @cindex auto-save | |
1488 | ||
1489 | Whenever you do something that changes the Gnus data (reading articles, | |
1490 | catching up, killing/subscribing groups), the change is added to a | |
1491 | special @dfn{dribble buffer}. This buffer is auto-saved the normal | |
1492 | Emacs way. If your Emacs should crash before you have saved the | |
1493 | @file{.newsrc} files, all changes you have made can be recovered from | |
1494 | this file. | |
1495 | ||
1496 | If Gnus detects this file at startup, it will ask the user whether to | |
1497 | read it. The auto save file is deleted whenever the real startup file is | |
1498 | saved. | |
1499 | ||
1500 | @vindex gnus-use-dribble-file | |
1501 | If @code{gnus-use-dribble-file} is @code{nil}, Gnus won't create and | |
1502 | maintain a dribble buffer. The default is @code{t}. | |
1503 | ||
1504 | @vindex gnus-dribble-directory | |
1505 | Gnus will put the dribble file(s) in @code{gnus-dribble-directory}. If | |
1506 | this variable is @code{nil}, which it is by default, Gnus will dribble | |
1507 | into the directory where the @file{.newsrc} file is located. (This is | |
1508 | normally the user's home directory.) The dribble file will get the same | |
23f87bed | 1509 | file permissions as the @file{.newsrc} file. |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1510 | |
1511 | @vindex gnus-always-read-dribble-file | |
1512 | If @code{gnus-always-read-dribble-file} is non-@code{nil}, Gnus will | |
1513 | read the dribble file on startup without querying the user. | |
1514 | ||
1515 | ||
1516 | @node The Active File | |
1517 | @section The Active File | |
1518 | @cindex active file | |
1519 | @cindex ignored groups | |
1520 | ||
1521 | When Gnus starts, or indeed whenever it tries to determine whether new | |
1522 | articles have arrived, it reads the active file. This is a very large | |
1523 | file that lists all the active groups and articles on the server. | |
1524 | ||
1525 | @vindex gnus-ignored-newsgroups | |
1526 | Before examining the active file, Gnus deletes all lines that match the | |
1527 | regexp @code{gnus-ignored-newsgroups}. This is done primarily to reject | |
1528 | any groups with bogus names, but you can use this variable to make Gnus | |
1529 | ignore hierarchies you aren't ever interested in. However, this is not | |
1530 | recommended. In fact, it's highly discouraged. Instead, @pxref{New | |
1531 | Groups} for an overview of other variables that can be used instead. | |
1532 | ||
1533 | @c This variable is | |
1534 | @c @code{nil} by default, and will slow down active file handling somewhat | |
1535 | @c if you set it to anything else. | |
1536 | ||
1537 | @vindex gnus-read-active-file | |
1538 | @c @head | |
1539 | The active file can be rather Huge, so if you have a slow network, you | |
1540 | can set @code{gnus-read-active-file} to @code{nil} to prevent Gnus from | |
1541 | reading the active file. This variable is @code{some} by default. | |
1542 | ||
1543 | Gnus will try to make do by getting information just on the groups that | |
1544 | you actually subscribe to. | |
1545 | ||
1546 | Note that if you subscribe to lots and lots of groups, setting this | |
1547 | variable to @code{nil} will probably make Gnus slower, not faster. At | |
1548 | present, having this variable @code{nil} will slow Gnus down | |
1549 | considerably, unless you read news over a 2400 baud modem. | |
1550 | ||
1551 | This variable can also have the value @code{some}. Gnus will then | |
1552 | attempt to read active info only on the subscribed groups. On some | |
1553 | servers this is quite fast (on sparkling, brand new INN servers that | |
1554 | support the @code{LIST ACTIVE group} command), on others this isn't fast | |
1555 | at all. In any case, @code{some} should be faster than @code{nil}, and | |
1556 | is certainly faster than @code{t} over slow lines. | |
1557 | ||
9e374264 DL |
1558 | Some news servers (old versions of Leafnode and old versions of INN, for |
1559 | instance) do not support the @code{LIST ACTIVE group}. For these | |
1560 | servers, @code{nil} is probably the most efficient value for this | |
1561 | variable. | |
2625a8f7 | 1562 | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1563 | If this variable is @code{nil}, Gnus will ask for group info in total |
1564 | lock-step, which isn't very fast. If it is @code{some} and you use an | |
23f87bed | 1565 | @acronym{NNTP} server, Gnus will pump out commands as fast as it can, and |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1566 | read all the replies in one swoop. This will normally result in better |
1567 | performance, but if the server does not support the aforementioned | |
1568 | @code{LIST ACTIVE group} command, this isn't very nice to the server. | |
1569 | ||
2625a8f7 | 1570 | If you think that starting up Gnus takes too long, try all the three |
177c0ea7 | 1571 | different values for this variable and see what works best for you. |
2625a8f7 | 1572 | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1573 | In any case, if you use @code{some} or @code{nil}, you should definitely |
1574 | kill all groups that you aren't interested in to speed things up. | |
1575 | ||
1576 | Note that this variable also affects active file retrieval from | |
1577 | secondary select methods. | |
1578 | ||
1579 | ||
1580 | @node Startup Variables | |
1581 | @section Startup Variables | |
1582 | ||
1583 | @table @code | |
1584 | ||
1585 | @item gnus-load-hook | |
1586 | @vindex gnus-load-hook | |
1587 | A hook run while Gnus is being loaded. Note that this hook will | |
1588 | normally be run just once in each Emacs session, no matter how many | |
1589 | times you start Gnus. | |
1590 | ||
1591 | @item gnus-before-startup-hook | |
1592 | @vindex gnus-before-startup-hook | |
1593 | A hook run after starting up Gnus successfully. | |
1594 | ||
1595 | @item gnus-startup-hook | |
1596 | @vindex gnus-startup-hook | |
1597 | A hook run as the very last thing after starting up Gnus | |
1598 | ||
1599 | @item gnus-started-hook | |
1600 | @vindex gnus-started-hook | |
1601 | A hook that is run as the very last thing after starting up Gnus | |
1602 | successfully. | |
1603 | ||
2625a8f7 GM |
1604 | @item gnus-setup-news-hook |
1605 | @vindex gnus-setup-news-hook | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1606 | A hook that is run after reading the @file{.newsrc} file(s), but before |
1607 | generating the group buffer. | |
1608 | ||
1609 | @item gnus-check-bogus-newsgroups | |
1610 | @vindex gnus-check-bogus-newsgroups | |
1611 | If non-@code{nil}, Gnus will check for and delete all bogus groups at | |
1612 | startup. A @dfn{bogus group} is a group that you have in your | |
1613 | @file{.newsrc} file, but doesn't exist on the news server. Checking for | |
1614 | bogus groups can take quite a while, so to save time and resources it's | |
1615 | best to leave this option off, and do the checking for bogus groups once | |
1616 | in a while from the group buffer instead (@pxref{Group Maintenance}). | |
1617 | ||
1618 | @item gnus-inhibit-startup-message | |
1619 | @vindex gnus-inhibit-startup-message | |
1620 | If non-@code{nil}, the startup message won't be displayed. That way, | |
1621 | your boss might not notice as easily that you are reading news instead | |
1622 | of doing your job. Note that this variable is used before | |
23f87bed | 1623 | @file{~/.gnus.el} is loaded, so it should be set in @file{.emacs} instead. |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1624 | |
1625 | @item gnus-no-groups-message | |
1626 | @vindex gnus-no-groups-message | |
1627 | Message displayed by Gnus when no groups are available. | |
1628 | ||
1629 | @item gnus-play-startup-jingle | |
1630 | @vindex gnus-play-startup-jingle | |
1631 | If non-@code{nil}, play the Gnus jingle at startup. | |
1632 | ||
1633 | @item gnus-startup-jingle | |
1634 | @vindex gnus-startup-jingle | |
1635 | Jingle to be played if the above variable is non-@code{nil}. The | |
1636 | default is @samp{Tuxedomoon.Jingle4.au}. | |
1637 | ||
1638 | @end table | |
1639 | ||
1640 | ||
23f87bed MB |
1641 | @node Group Buffer |
1642 | @chapter Group Buffer | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1643 | @cindex group buffer |
1644 | ||
23f87bed MB |
1645 | @c Alex Schroeder suggests to rearrange this as follows: |
1646 | @c | |
1647 | @c <kensanata> ok, just save it for reference. I'll go to bed in a minute. | |
1648 | @c 1. Selecting a Group, 2. (new) Finding a Group, 3. Group Levels, | |
1649 | @c 4. Subscription Commands, 5. Group Maneuvering, 6. Group Data, | |
1650 | @c 7. Group Score, 8. Group Buffer Format | |
1651 | @c <kensanata> Group Levels should have more information on levels 5 to 9. I | |
1652 | @c suggest to split the 4th paragraph ("Gnus considers groups...") as follows: | |
1653 | @c <kensanata> First, "Gnus considers groups... (default 9)." | |
1654 | @c <kensanata> New, a table summarizing what levels 1 to 9 mean. | |
1655 | @c <kensanata> Third, "Gnus treats subscribed ... reasons of efficiency" | |
1656 | @c <kensanata> Then expand the next paragraph or add some more to it. | |
1657 | @c This short one sentence explains levels 1 and 2, therefore I understand | |
1658 | @c that I should keep important news at 3 and boring news at 4. | |
1659 | @c Say so! Then go on to explain why I should bother with levels 6 to 9. | |
1660 | @c Maybe keep those that you don't want to read temporarily at 6, | |
1661 | @c those that you never want to read at 8, those that offend your | |
1662 | @c human rights at 9... | |
1663 | ||
1664 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
1665 | The @dfn{group buffer} lists all (or parts) of the available groups. It |
1666 | is the first buffer shown when Gnus starts, and will never be killed as | |
1667 | long as Gnus is active. | |
1668 | ||
2625a8f7 GM |
1669 | @iftex |
1670 | @iflatex | |
1671 | \gnusfigure{The Group Buffer}{320}{ | |
23f87bed | 1672 | \put(75,50){\epsfig{figure=ps/group,height=9cm}} |
2625a8f7 GM |
1673 | \put(120,37){\makebox(0,0)[t]{Buffer name}} |
1674 | \put(120,38){\vector(1,2){10}} | |
1675 | \put(40,60){\makebox(0,0)[r]{Mode line}} | |
1676 | \put(40,58){\vector(1,0){30}} | |
1677 | \put(200,28){\makebox(0,0)[t]{Native select method}} | |
1678 | \put(200,26){\vector(-1,2){15}} | |
1679 | } | |
1680 | @end iflatex | |
1681 | @end iftex | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1682 | |
1683 | @menu | |
23f87bed MB |
1684 | * Group Buffer Format:: Information listed and how you can change it. |
1685 | * Group Maneuvering:: Commands for moving in the group buffer. | |
1686 | * Selecting a Group:: Actually reading news. | |
1687 | * Subscription Commands:: Unsubscribing, killing, subscribing. | |
1688 | * Group Data:: Changing the info for a group. | |
1689 | * Group Levels:: Levels? What are those, then? | |
1690 | * Group Score:: A mechanism for finding out what groups you like. | |
1691 | * Marking Groups:: You can mark groups for later processing. | |
1692 | * Foreign Groups:: Creating and editing groups. | |
1693 | * Group Parameters:: Each group may have different parameters set. | |
1694 | * Listing Groups:: Gnus can list various subsets of the groups. | |
1695 | * Sorting Groups:: Re-arrange the group order. | |
1696 | * Group Maintenance:: Maintaining a tidy @file{.newsrc} file. | |
1697 | * Browse Foreign Server:: You can browse a server. See what it has to offer. | |
1698 | * Exiting Gnus:: Stop reading news and get some work done. | |
1699 | * Group Topics:: A folding group mode divided into topics. | |
1700 | * Misc Group Stuff:: Other stuff that you can to do. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1701 | @end menu |
1702 | ||
1703 | ||
1704 | @node Group Buffer Format | |
1705 | @section Group Buffer Format | |
1706 | ||
1707 | @menu | |
23f87bed MB |
1708 | * Group Line Specification:: Deciding how the group buffer is to look. |
1709 | * Group Mode Line Specification:: The group buffer mode line. | |
1710 | * Group Highlighting:: Having nice colors in the group buffer. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1711 | @end menu |
1712 | ||
715488f1 MB |
1713 | You can customize the Group Mode tool bar, see @kbd{M-x |
1714 | customize-apropos RET gnus-group-tool-bar}. This feature is only | |
1715 | available in Emacs. | |
1716 | ||
1717 | The tool bar icons are now (de)activated correctly depending on the | |
1718 | cursor position. Therefore, moving around in the Group Buffer is | |
1719 | slower. You can disable this via the variable | |
1720 | @code{gnus-group-update-tool-bar}. Its default value depends on your | |
1721 | Emacs version. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1722 | |
1723 | @node Group Line Specification | |
1724 | @subsection Group Line Specification | |
1725 | @cindex group buffer format | |
1726 | ||
1727 | The default format of the group buffer is nice and dull, but you can | |
1728 | make it as exciting and ugly as you feel like. | |
1729 | ||
1730 | Here's a couple of example group lines: | |
1731 | ||
1732 | @example | |
1733 | 25: news.announce.newusers | |
1734 | * 0: alt.fan.andrea-dworkin | |
1735 | @end example | |
1736 | ||
1737 | Quite simple, huh? | |
1738 | ||
1739 | You can see that there are 25 unread articles in | |
1740 | @samp{news.announce.newusers}. There are no unread articles, but some | |
1741 | ticked articles, in @samp{alt.fan.andrea-dworkin} (see that little | |
1742 | asterisk at the beginning of the line?). | |
1743 | ||
1744 | @vindex gnus-group-line-format | |
1745 | You can change that format to whatever you want by fiddling with the | |
1746 | @code{gnus-group-line-format} variable. This variable works along the | |
1747 | lines of a @code{format} specification, which is pretty much the same as | |
1748 | a @code{printf} specifications, for those of you who use (feh!) C. | |
1749 | @xref{Formatting Variables}. | |
1750 | ||
23f87bed | 1751 | @samp{%M%S%5y:%B%(%g%)\n} is the value that produced those lines above. |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1752 | |
1753 | There should always be a colon on the line; the cursor always moves to | |
23f87bed MB |
1754 | the colon after performing an operation. @xref{Positioning |
1755 | Point}. Nothing else is required---not even the group name. All | |
1756 | displayed text is just window dressing, and is never examined by Gnus. | |
1757 | Gnus stores all real information it needs using text properties. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1758 | |
1759 | (Note that if you make a really strange, wonderful, spreadsheet-like | |
1760 | layout, everybody will believe you are hard at work with the accounting | |
1761 | instead of wasting time reading news.) | |
1762 | ||
1763 | Here's a list of all available format characters: | |
1764 | ||
1765 | @table @samp | |
1766 | ||
1767 | @item M | |
1768 | An asterisk if the group only has marked articles. | |
1769 | ||
1770 | @item S | |
1771 | Whether the group is subscribed. | |
1772 | ||
1773 | @item L | |
1774 | Level of subscribedness. | |
1775 | ||
1776 | @item N | |
1777 | Number of unread articles. | |
1778 | ||
1779 | @item I | |
1780 | Number of dormant articles. | |
1781 | ||
1782 | @item T | |
1783 | Number of ticked articles. | |
1784 | ||
1785 | @item R | |
1786 | Number of read articles. | |
1787 | ||
23f87bed MB |
1788 | @item U |
1789 | Number of unseen articles. | |
1790 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
1791 | @item t |
1792 | Estimated total number of articles. (This is really @var{max-number} | |
1793 | minus @var{min-number} plus 1.) | |
1794 | ||
23f87bed MB |
1795 | Gnus uses this estimation because the @acronym{NNTP} protocol provides |
1796 | efficient access to @var{max-number} and @var{min-number} but getting | |
1797 | the true unread message count is not possible efficiently. For | |
1798 | hysterical raisins, even the mail back ends, where the true number of | |
1799 | unread messages might be available efficiently, use the same limited | |
1800 | interface. To remove this restriction from Gnus means that the back | |
1801 | end interface has to be changed, which is not an easy job. If you | |
1802 | want to work on this, please contact the Gnus mailing list. | |
1803 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
1804 | @item y |
1805 | Number of unread, unticked, non-dormant articles. | |
1806 | ||
1807 | @item i | |
1808 | Number of ticked and dormant articles. | |
1809 | ||
1810 | @item g | |
1811 | Full group name. | |
1812 | ||
1813 | @item G | |
1814 | Group name. | |
1815 | ||
23f87bed MB |
1816 | @item C |
1817 | Group comment (@pxref{Group Parameters}) or group name if there is no | |
1818 | comment element in the group parameters. | |
1819 | ||
6bf7aab6 | 1820 | @item D |
23f87bed MB |
1821 | Newsgroup description. You need to read the group descriptions |
1822 | before these will appear, and to do that, you either have to set | |
1823 | @code{gnus-read-active-file} or use the group buffer @kbd{M-d} | |
1824 | command. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1825 | |
1826 | @item o | |
1827 | @samp{m} if moderated. | |
1828 | ||
1829 | @item O | |
1830 | @samp{(m)} if moderated. | |
1831 | ||
1832 | @item s | |
1833 | Select method. | |
1834 | ||
23f87bed MB |
1835 | @item B |
1836 | If the summary buffer for the group is open or not. | |
1837 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
1838 | @item n |
1839 | Select from where. | |
1840 | ||
1841 | @item z | |
1842 | A string that looks like @samp{<%s:%n>} if a foreign select method is | |
1843 | used. | |
1844 | ||
1845 | @item P | |
1846 | Indentation based on the level of the topic (@pxref{Group Topics}). | |
1847 | ||
1848 | @item c | |
1849 | @vindex gnus-group-uncollapsed-levels | |
1850 | Short (collapsed) group name. The @code{gnus-group-uncollapsed-levels} | |
1851 | variable says how many levels to leave at the end of the group name. | |
1852 | The default is 1---this will mean that group names like | |
2625a8f7 | 1853 | @samp{gnu.emacs.gnus} will be shortened to @samp{g.e.gnus}. |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1854 | |
1855 | @item m | |
1856 | @vindex gnus-new-mail-mark | |
1857 | @cindex % | |
1858 | @samp{%} (@code{gnus-new-mail-mark}) if there has arrived new mail to | |
1859 | the group lately. | |
1860 | ||
dda5808a DL |
1861 | @item p |
1862 | @samp{#} (@code{gnus-process-mark}) if the group is process marked. | |
1863 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
1864 | @item d |
1865 | A string that says when you last read the group (@pxref{Group | |
1866 | Timestamp}). | |
1867 | ||
1868 | @item u | |
1869 | User defined specifier. The next character in the format string should | |
1870 | be a letter. Gnus will call the function | |
1871 | @code{gnus-user-format-function-}@samp{X}, where @samp{X} is the letter | |
1872 | following @samp{%u}. The function will be passed a single dummy | |
1873 | parameter as argument. The function should return a string, which will | |
1874 | be inserted into the buffer just like information from any other | |
1875 | specifier. | |
1876 | @end table | |
1877 | ||
1878 | @cindex * | |
1879 | All the ``number-of'' specs will be filled with an asterisk (@samp{*}) | |
1880 | if no info is available---for instance, if it is a non-activated foreign | |
1881 | group, or a bogus native group. | |
1882 | ||
1883 | ||
23f87bed MB |
1884 | @node Group Mode Line Specification |
1885 | @subsection Group Mode Line Specification | |
1886 | @cindex group mode line | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1887 | |
1888 | @vindex gnus-group-mode-line-format | |
1889 | The mode line can be changed by setting | |
1890 | @code{gnus-group-mode-line-format} (@pxref{Mode Line Formatting}). It | |
1891 | doesn't understand that many format specifiers: | |
1892 | ||
1893 | @table @samp | |
1894 | @item S | |
1895 | The native news server. | |
1896 | @item M | |
1897 | The native select method. | |
1898 | @end table | |
1899 | ||
1900 | ||
1901 | @node Group Highlighting | |
1902 | @subsection Group Highlighting | |
1903 | @cindex highlighting | |
1904 | @cindex group highlighting | |
1905 | ||
1906 | @vindex gnus-group-highlight | |
1907 | Highlighting in the group buffer is controlled by the | |
1908 | @code{gnus-group-highlight} variable. This is an alist with elements | |
027f547a | 1909 | that look like @code{(@var{form} . @var{face})}. If @var{form} evaluates to |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1910 | something non-@code{nil}, the @var{face} will be used on the line. |
1911 | ||
1912 | Here's an example value for this variable that might look nice if the | |
1913 | background is dark: | |
1914 | ||
1915 | @lisp | |
2625a8f7 GM |
1916 | (cond (window-system |
1917 | (setq custom-background-mode 'light) | |
1918 | (defface my-group-face-1 | |
23f87bed | 1919 | '((t (:foreground "Red" :bold t))) "First group face") |
2625a8f7 | 1920 | (defface my-group-face-2 |
23f87bed MB |
1921 | '((t (:foreground "DarkSeaGreen4" :bold t))) |
1922 | "Second group face") | |
2625a8f7 | 1923 | (defface my-group-face-3 |
23f87bed | 1924 | '((t (:foreground "Green4" :bold t))) "Third group face") |
2625a8f7 | 1925 | (defface my-group-face-4 |
23f87bed | 1926 | '((t (:foreground "SteelBlue" :bold t))) "Fourth group face") |
2625a8f7 | 1927 | (defface my-group-face-5 |
23f87bed | 1928 | '((t (:foreground "Blue" :bold t))) "Fifth group face"))) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1929 | |
1930 | (setq gnus-group-highlight | |
1931 | '(((> unread 200) . my-group-face-1) | |
1932 | ((and (< level 3) (zerop unread)) . my-group-face-2) | |
1933 | ((< level 3) . my-group-face-3) | |
1934 | ((zerop unread) . my-group-face-4) | |
1935 | (t . my-group-face-5))) | |
1936 | @end lisp | |
1937 | ||
1938 | Also @pxref{Faces and Fonts}. | |
1939 | ||
1940 | Variables that are dynamically bound when the forms are evaluated | |
1941 | include: | |
1942 | ||
1943 | @table @code | |
1944 | @item group | |
1945 | The group name. | |
1946 | @item unread | |
1947 | The number of unread articles in the group. | |
1948 | @item method | |
1949 | The select method. | |
1950 | @item mailp | |
1951 | Whether the group is a mail group. | |
1952 | @item level | |
1953 | The level of the group. | |
1954 | @item score | |
1955 | The score of the group. | |
1956 | @item ticked | |
1957 | The number of ticked articles in the group. | |
1958 | @item total | |
23f87bed MB |
1959 | The total number of articles in the group. Or rather, |
1960 | @var{max-number} minus @var{min-number} plus one. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1961 | @item topic |
1962 | When using the topic minor mode, this variable is bound to the current | |
1963 | topic being inserted. | |
1964 | @end table | |
1965 | ||
1966 | When the forms are @code{eval}ed, point is at the beginning of the line | |
1967 | of the group in question, so you can use many of the normal Gnus | |
1968 | functions for snarfing info on the group. | |
1969 | ||
1970 | @vindex gnus-group-update-hook | |
1971 | @findex gnus-group-highlight-line | |
1972 | @code{gnus-group-update-hook} is called when a group line is changed. | |
1973 | It will not be called when @code{gnus-visual} is @code{nil}. This hook | |
1974 | calls @code{gnus-group-highlight-line} by default. | |
1975 | ||
1976 | ||
1977 | @node Group Maneuvering | |
1978 | @section Group Maneuvering | |
1979 | @cindex group movement | |
1980 | ||
1981 | All movement commands understand the numeric prefix and will behave as | |
1982 | expected, hopefully. | |
1983 | ||
1984 | @table @kbd | |
1985 | ||
1986 | @item n | |
23f87bed | 1987 | @kindex n (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1988 | @findex gnus-group-next-unread-group |
1989 | Go to the next group that has unread articles | |
1990 | (@code{gnus-group-next-unread-group}). | |
1991 | ||
1992 | @item p | |
23f87bed MB |
1993 | @itemx DEL |
1994 | @kindex DEL (Group) | |
1995 | @kindex p (Group) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
1996 | @findex gnus-group-prev-unread-group |
1997 | Go to the previous group that has unread articles | |
1998 | (@code{gnus-group-prev-unread-group}). | |
1999 | ||
2000 | @item N | |
23f87bed | 2001 | @kindex N (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2002 | @findex gnus-group-next-group |
2003 | Go to the next group (@code{gnus-group-next-group}). | |
2004 | ||
2005 | @item P | |
23f87bed | 2006 | @kindex P (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2007 | @findex gnus-group-prev-group |
2008 | Go to the previous group (@code{gnus-group-prev-group}). | |
2009 | ||
2010 | @item M-n | |
23f87bed | 2011 | @kindex M-n (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2012 | @findex gnus-group-next-unread-group-same-level |
2013 | Go to the next unread group on the same (or lower) level | |
2014 | (@code{gnus-group-next-unread-group-same-level}). | |
2015 | ||
2016 | @item M-p | |
23f87bed | 2017 | @kindex M-p (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2018 | @findex gnus-group-prev-unread-group-same-level |
2019 | Go to the previous unread group on the same (or lower) level | |
2020 | (@code{gnus-group-prev-unread-group-same-level}). | |
2021 | @end table | |
2022 | ||
2023 | Three commands for jumping to groups: | |
2024 | ||
2025 | @table @kbd | |
2026 | ||
2027 | @item j | |
23f87bed | 2028 | @kindex j (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2029 | @findex gnus-group-jump-to-group |
2030 | Jump to a group (and make it visible if it isn't already) | |
2031 | (@code{gnus-group-jump-to-group}). Killed groups can be jumped to, just | |
2032 | like living groups. | |
2033 | ||
2034 | @item , | |
23f87bed | 2035 | @kindex , (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2036 | @findex gnus-group-best-unread-group |
2037 | Jump to the unread group with the lowest level | |
2038 | (@code{gnus-group-best-unread-group}). | |
2039 | ||
2040 | @item . | |
23f87bed | 2041 | @kindex . (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2042 | @findex gnus-group-first-unread-group |
2043 | Jump to the first group with unread articles | |
2044 | (@code{gnus-group-first-unread-group}). | |
2045 | @end table | |
2046 | ||
2047 | @vindex gnus-group-goto-unread | |
2048 | If @code{gnus-group-goto-unread} is @code{nil}, all the movement | |
2049 | commands will move to the next group, not the next unread group. Even | |
2050 | the commands that say they move to the next unread group. The default | |
2051 | is @code{t}. | |
2052 | ||
2053 | ||
2054 | @node Selecting a Group | |
2055 | @section Selecting a Group | |
2056 | @cindex group selection | |
2057 | ||
2058 | @table @kbd | |
2059 | ||
23f87bed MB |
2060 | @item SPACE |
2061 | @kindex SPACE (Group) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2062 | @findex gnus-group-read-group |
2063 | Select the current group, switch to the summary buffer and display the | |
2064 | first unread article (@code{gnus-group-read-group}). If there are no | |
2065 | unread articles in the group, or if you give a non-numerical prefix to | |
2066 | this command, Gnus will offer to fetch all the old articles in this | |
23f87bed MB |
2067 | group from the server. If you give a numerical prefix @var{n}, @var{n} |
2068 | determines the number of articles Gnus will fetch. If @var{n} is | |
2069 | positive, Gnus fetches the @var{n} newest articles, if @var{n} is | |
2070 | negative, Gnus fetches the @code{abs(@var{n})} oldest articles. | |
6bf7aab6 | 2071 | |
9e374264 DL |
2072 | Thus, @kbd{SPC} enters the group normally, @kbd{C-u SPC} offers old |
2073 | articles, @kbd{C-u 4 2 SPC} fetches the 42 newest articles, and @kbd{C-u | |
2074 | - 4 2 SPC} fetches the 42 oldest ones. | |
2075 | ||
2076 | When you are in the group (in the Summary buffer), you can type | |
2077 | @kbd{M-g} to fetch new articles, or @kbd{C-u M-g} to also show the old | |
2078 | ones. | |
2079 | ||
23f87bed MB |
2080 | @item RET |
2081 | @kindex RET (Group) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2082 | @findex gnus-group-select-group |
2083 | Select the current group and switch to the summary buffer | |
2084 | (@code{gnus-group-select-group}). Takes the same arguments as | |
2085 | @code{gnus-group-read-group}---the only difference is that this command | |
2086 | does not display the first unread article automatically upon group | |
2087 | entry. | |
2088 | ||
23f87bed MB |
2089 | @item M-RET |
2090 | @kindex M-RET (Group) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2091 | @findex gnus-group-quick-select-group |
2092 | This does the same as the command above, but tries to do it with the | |
2093 | minimum amount of fuzz (@code{gnus-group-quick-select-group}). No | |
2094 | scoring/killing will be performed, there will be no highlights and no | |
2095 | expunging. This might be useful if you're in a real hurry and have to | |
2096 | enter some humongous group. If you give a 0 prefix to this command | |
23f87bed | 2097 | (i.e., @kbd{0 M-RET}), Gnus won't even generate the summary buffer, |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2098 | which is useful if you want to toggle threading before generating the |
2099 | summary buffer (@pxref{Summary Generation Commands}). | |
2100 | ||
23f87bed MB |
2101 | @item M-SPACE |
2102 | @kindex M-SPACE (Group) | |
6bf7aab6 | 2103 | @findex gnus-group-visible-select-group |
23f87bed | 2104 | This is yet one more command that does the same as the @kbd{RET} |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2105 | command, but this one does it without expunging and hiding dormants |
2106 | (@code{gnus-group-visible-select-group}). | |
2107 | ||
23f87bed MB |
2108 | @item C-M-RET |
2109 | @kindex C-M-RET (Group) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2110 | @findex gnus-group-select-group-ephemerally |
2111 | Finally, this command selects the current group ephemerally without | |
2112 | doing any processing of its contents | |
2113 | (@code{gnus-group-select-group-ephemerally}). Even threading has been | |
2114 | turned off. Everything you do in the group after selecting it in this | |
2115 | manner will have no permanent effects. | |
2116 | ||
2117 | @end table | |
2118 | ||
2119 | @vindex gnus-large-newsgroup | |
23f87bed MB |
2120 | The @code{gnus-large-newsgroup} variable says what Gnus should |
2121 | consider to be a big group. If it is @code{nil}, no groups are | |
2122 | considered big. The default value is 200. If the group has more | |
6bf7aab6 | 2123 | (unread and/or ticked) articles than this, Gnus will query the user |
23f87bed MB |
2124 | before entering the group. The user can then specify how many |
2125 | articles should be fetched from the server. If the user specifies a | |
2126 | negative number (@var{-n}), the @var{n} oldest articles will be | |
2127 | fetched. If it is positive, the @var{n} articles that have arrived | |
2128 | most recently will be fetched. | |
2129 | ||
2130 | @vindex gnus-large-ephemeral-newsgroup | |
2131 | @code{gnus-large-ephemeral-newsgroup} is the same as | |
2132 | @code{gnus-large-newsgroup}, but is only used for ephemeral | |
2133 | newsgroups. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2134 | |
2135 | @vindex gnus-select-group-hook | |
2136 | @vindex gnus-auto-select-first | |
23f87bed MB |
2137 | @vindex gnus-auto-select-subject |
2138 | If @code{gnus-auto-select-first} is non-@code{nil}, select an article | |
2139 | automatically when entering a group with the @kbd{SPACE} command. | |
c399d545 | 2140 | Which article this is is controlled by the |
23f87bed | 2141 | @code{gnus-auto-select-subject} variable. Valid values for this |
92edaeed | 2142 | variable are: |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2143 | |
2144 | @table @code | |
2145 | ||
23f87bed MB |
2146 | @item unread |
2147 | Place point on the subject line of the first unread article. | |
2625a8f7 | 2148 | |
23f87bed MB |
2149 | @item first |
2150 | Place point on the subject line of the first article. | |
2625a8f7 | 2151 | |
23f87bed MB |
2152 | @item unseen |
2153 | Place point on the subject line of the first unseen article. | |
2625a8f7 | 2154 | |
23f87bed MB |
2155 | @item unseen-or-unread |
2156 | Place point on the subject line of the first unseen article, and if | |
2157 | there is no such article, place point on the subject line of the first | |
2158 | unread article. | |
2625a8f7 | 2159 | |
23f87bed MB |
2160 | @item best |
2161 | Place point on the subject line of the highest-scored unread article. | |
2625a8f7 | 2162 | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2163 | @end table |
2164 | ||
23f87bed MB |
2165 | This variable can also be a function. In that case, that function |
2166 | will be called to place point on a subject line. | |
2625a8f7 | 2167 | |
6bf7aab6 | 2168 | If you want to prevent automatic selection in some group (say, in a |
23f87bed MB |
2169 | binary group with Huge articles) you can set the |
2170 | @code{gnus-auto-select-first} variable to @code{nil} in | |
2171 | @code{gnus-select-group-hook}, which is called when a group is | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2172 | selected. |
2173 | ||
2174 | ||
2175 | @node Subscription Commands | |
2176 | @section Subscription Commands | |
2177 | @cindex subscription | |
2178 | ||
2179 | @table @kbd | |
2180 | ||
2181 | @item S t | |
2182 | @itemx u | |
23f87bed MB |
2183 | @kindex S t (Group) |
2184 | @kindex u (Group) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2185 | @findex gnus-group-unsubscribe-current-group |
2186 | @c @icon{gnus-group-unsubscribe} | |
2187 | Toggle subscription to the current group | |
2188 | (@code{gnus-group-unsubscribe-current-group}). | |
2189 | ||
2190 | @item S s | |
2191 | @itemx U | |
23f87bed MB |
2192 | @kindex S s (Group) |
2193 | @kindex U (Group) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2194 | @findex gnus-group-unsubscribe-group |
2195 | Prompt for a group to subscribe, and then subscribe it. If it was | |
2196 | subscribed already, unsubscribe it instead | |
2197 | (@code{gnus-group-unsubscribe-group}). | |
2198 | ||
2199 | @item S k | |
2200 | @itemx C-k | |
23f87bed MB |
2201 | @kindex S k (Group) |
2202 | @kindex C-k (Group) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2203 | @findex gnus-group-kill-group |
2204 | @c @icon{gnus-group-kill-group} | |
2205 | Kill the current group (@code{gnus-group-kill-group}). | |
2206 | ||
2207 | @item S y | |
2208 | @itemx C-y | |
23f87bed MB |
2209 | @kindex S y (Group) |
2210 | @kindex C-y (Group) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2211 | @findex gnus-group-yank-group |
2212 | Yank the last killed group (@code{gnus-group-yank-group}). | |
2213 | ||
2214 | @item C-x C-t | |
23f87bed | 2215 | @kindex C-x C-t (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2216 | @findex gnus-group-transpose-groups |
2217 | Transpose two groups (@code{gnus-group-transpose-groups}). This isn't | |
2218 | really a subscription command, but you can use it instead of a | |
2219 | kill-and-yank sequence sometimes. | |
2220 | ||
2221 | @item S w | |
2222 | @itemx C-w | |
23f87bed MB |
2223 | @kindex S w (Group) |
2224 | @kindex C-w (Group) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2225 | @findex gnus-group-kill-region |
2226 | Kill all groups in the region (@code{gnus-group-kill-region}). | |
2227 | ||
2228 | @item S z | |
23f87bed | 2229 | @kindex S z (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2230 | @findex gnus-group-kill-all-zombies |
2231 | Kill all zombie groups (@code{gnus-group-kill-all-zombies}). | |
2232 | ||
2233 | @item S C-k | |
23f87bed | 2234 | @kindex S C-k (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2235 | @findex gnus-group-kill-level |
2236 | Kill all groups on a certain level (@code{gnus-group-kill-level}). | |
2237 | These groups can't be yanked back after killing, so this command should | |
2238 | be used with some caution. The only time where this command comes in | |
2239 | really handy is when you have a @file{.newsrc} with lots of unsubscribed | |
2240 | groups that you want to get rid off. @kbd{S C-k} on level 7 will | |
2241 | kill off all unsubscribed groups that do not have message numbers in the | |
2242 | @file{.newsrc} file. | |
2243 | ||
2244 | @end table | |
2245 | ||
2246 | Also @pxref{Group Levels}. | |
2247 | ||
2248 | ||
2249 | @node Group Data | |
2250 | @section Group Data | |
2251 | ||
2252 | @table @kbd | |
2253 | ||
2254 | @item c | |
23f87bed | 2255 | @kindex c (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2256 | @findex gnus-group-catchup-current |
2257 | @vindex gnus-group-catchup-group-hook | |
2258 | @c @icon{gnus-group-catchup-current} | |
2259 | Mark all unticked articles in this group as read | |
2260 | (@code{gnus-group-catchup-current}). | |
2261 | @code{gnus-group-catchup-group-hook} is called when catching up a group from | |
2262 | the group buffer. | |
2263 | ||
2264 | @item C | |
23f87bed | 2265 | @kindex C (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2266 | @findex gnus-group-catchup-current-all |
2267 | Mark all articles in this group, even the ticked ones, as read | |
2268 | (@code{gnus-group-catchup-current-all}). | |
2269 | ||
2270 | @item M-c | |
23f87bed | 2271 | @kindex M-c (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2272 | @findex gnus-group-clear-data |
2273 | Clear the data from the current group---nix out marks and the list of | |
2274 | read articles (@code{gnus-group-clear-data}). | |
2275 | ||
2276 | @item M-x gnus-group-clear-data-on-native-groups | |
2277 | @kindex M-x gnus-group-clear-data-on-native-groups | |
2278 | @findex gnus-group-clear-data-on-native-groups | |
23f87bed | 2279 | If you have switched from one @acronym{NNTP} server to another, all your marks |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2280 | and read ranges have become worthless. You can use this command to |
2281 | clear out all data that you have on your native groups. Use with | |
2282 | caution. | |
2283 | ||
2284 | @end table | |
2285 | ||
2286 | ||
2287 | @node Group Levels | |
2288 | @section Group Levels | |
2289 | @cindex group level | |
2290 | @cindex level | |
2291 | ||
2292 | All groups have a level of @dfn{subscribedness}. For instance, if a | |
2293 | group is on level 2, it is more subscribed than a group on level 5. You | |
2294 | can ask Gnus to just list groups on a given level or lower | |
2295 | (@pxref{Listing Groups}), or to just check for new articles in groups on | |
2296 | a given level or lower (@pxref{Scanning New Messages}). | |
2297 | ||
2298 | Remember: The higher the level of the group, the less important it is. | |
2299 | ||
2300 | @table @kbd | |
2301 | ||
2302 | @item S l | |
23f87bed | 2303 | @kindex S l (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2304 | @findex gnus-group-set-current-level |
2305 | Set the level of the current group. If a numeric prefix is given, the | |
2306 | next @var{n} groups will have their levels set. The user will be | |
2307 | prompted for a level. | |
2308 | @end table | |
2309 | ||
2310 | @vindex gnus-level-killed | |
2311 | @vindex gnus-level-zombie | |
2312 | @vindex gnus-level-unsubscribed | |
2313 | @vindex gnus-level-subscribed | |
2314 | Gnus considers groups from levels 1 to | |
2315 | @code{gnus-level-subscribed} (inclusive) (default 5) to be subscribed, | |
2316 | @code{gnus-level-subscribed} (exclusive) and | |
2317 | @code{gnus-level-unsubscribed} (inclusive) (default 7) to be | |
2318 | unsubscribed, @code{gnus-level-zombie} to be zombies (walking dead) | |
2319 | (default 8) and @code{gnus-level-killed} to be killed (completely dead) | |
2320 | (default 9). Gnus treats subscribed and unsubscribed groups exactly the | |
2321 | same, but zombie and killed groups have no information on what articles | |
2322 | you have read, etc, stored. This distinction between dead and living | |
2323 | groups isn't done because it is nice or clever, it is done purely for | |
2324 | reasons of efficiency. | |
2325 | ||
2326 | It is recommended that you keep all your mail groups (if any) on quite | |
2327 | low levels (e.g. 1 or 2). | |
2328 | ||
428da1d2 DL |
2329 | Maybe the following description of the default behavior of Gnus helps to |
2330 | understand what these levels are all about. By default, Gnus shows you | |
2331 | subscribed nonempty groups, but by hitting @kbd{L} you can have it show | |
2332 | empty subscribed groups and unsubscribed groups, too. Type @kbd{l} to | |
2333 | go back to showing nonempty subscribed groups again. Thus, unsubscribed | |
2334 | groups are hidden, in a way. | |
2335 | ||
2336 | Zombie and killed groups are similar to unsubscribed groups in that they | |
2337 | are hidden by default. But they are different from subscribed and | |
2338 | unsubscribed groups in that Gnus doesn't ask the news server for | |
2339 | information (number of messages, number of unread messages) on zombie | |
2340 | and killed groups. Normally, you use @kbd{C-k} to kill the groups you | |
2341 | aren't interested in. If most groups are killed, Gnus is faster. | |
2342 | ||
2343 | Why does Gnus distinguish between zombie and killed groups? Well, when | |
2344 | a new group arrives on the server, Gnus by default makes it a zombie | |
2345 | group. This means that you are normally not bothered with new groups, | |
2346 | but you can type @kbd{A z} to get a list of all new groups. Subscribe | |
2347 | the ones you like and kill the ones you don't want. (@kbd{A k} shows a | |
2348 | list of killed groups.) | |
2349 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
2350 | If you want to play with the level variables, you should show some care. |
2351 | Set them once, and don't touch them ever again. Better yet, don't touch | |
2352 | them at all unless you know exactly what you're doing. | |
2353 | ||
2354 | @vindex gnus-level-default-unsubscribed | |
2355 | @vindex gnus-level-default-subscribed | |
2356 | Two closely related variables are @code{gnus-level-default-subscribed} | |
2357 | (default 3) and @code{gnus-level-default-unsubscribed} (default 6), | |
2358 | which are the levels that new groups will be put on if they are | |
2359 | (un)subscribed. These two variables should, of course, be inside the | |
2360 | relevant valid ranges. | |
2361 | ||
2362 | @vindex gnus-keep-same-level | |
2363 | If @code{gnus-keep-same-level} is non-@code{nil}, some movement commands | |
2364 | will only move to groups of the same level (or lower). In | |
2365 | particular, going from the last article in one group to the next group | |
2366 | will go to the next group of the same level (or lower). This might be | |
2367 | handy if you want to read the most important groups before you read the | |
2368 | rest. | |
2369 | ||
2625a8f7 GM |
2370 | If this variable is @code{best}, Gnus will make the next newsgroup the |
2371 | one with the best level. | |
2372 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
2373 | @vindex gnus-group-default-list-level |
2374 | All groups with a level less than or equal to | |
2375 | @code{gnus-group-default-list-level} will be listed in the group buffer | |
2376 | by default. | |
2377 | ||
2378 | @vindex gnus-group-list-inactive-groups | |
2379 | If @code{gnus-group-list-inactive-groups} is non-@code{nil}, non-active | |
2380 | groups will be listed along with the unread groups. This variable is | |
2381 | @code{t} by default. If it is @code{nil}, inactive groups won't be | |
2382 | listed. | |
2383 | ||
2384 | @vindex gnus-group-use-permanent-levels | |
2385 | If @code{gnus-group-use-permanent-levels} is non-@code{nil}, once you | |
2386 | give a level prefix to @kbd{g} or @kbd{l}, all subsequent commands will | |
2387 | use this level as the ``work'' level. | |
2388 | ||
2389 | @vindex gnus-activate-level | |
2390 | Gnus will normally just activate (i. e., query the server about) groups | |
2391 | on level @code{gnus-activate-level} or less. If you don't want to | |
2392 | activate unsubscribed groups, for instance, you might set this variable | |
2393 | to 5. The default is 6. | |
2394 | ||
2395 | ||
2396 | @node Group Score | |
2397 | @section Group Score | |
2398 | @cindex group score | |
2399 | @cindex group rank | |
2400 | @cindex rank | |
2401 | ||
2402 | You would normally keep important groups on high levels, but that scheme | |
2403 | is somewhat restrictive. Don't you wish you could have Gnus sort the | |
2404 | group buffer according to how often you read groups, perhaps? Within | |
2405 | reason? | |
2406 | ||
2625a8f7 GM |
2407 | This is what @dfn{group score} is for. You can have Gnus assign a score |
2408 | to each group through the mechanism described below. You can then sort | |
2409 | the group buffer based on this score. Alternatively, you can sort on | |
2410 | score and then level. (Taken together, the level and the score is | |
2411 | called the @dfn{rank} of the group. A group that is on level 4 and has | |
2412 | a score of 1 has a higher rank than a group on level 5 that has a score | |
2413 | of 300. (The level is the most significant part and the score is the | |
2414 | least significant part.)) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2415 | |
2416 | @findex gnus-summary-bubble-group | |
2417 | If you want groups you read often to get higher scores than groups you | |
2418 | read seldom you can add the @code{gnus-summary-bubble-group} function to | |
2419 | the @code{gnus-summary-exit-hook} hook. This will result (after | |
2420 | sorting) in a bubbling sort of action. If you want to see that in | |
2421 | action after each summary exit, you can add | |
2422 | @code{gnus-group-sort-groups-by-rank} or | |
2423 | @code{gnus-group-sort-groups-by-score} to the same hook, but that will | |
2424 | slow things down somewhat. | |
2425 | ||
2426 | ||
2427 | @node Marking Groups | |
2428 | @section Marking Groups | |
2429 | @cindex marking groups | |
2430 | ||
2431 | If you want to perform some command on several groups, and they appear | |
2432 | subsequently in the group buffer, you would normally just give a | |
2433 | numerical prefix to the command. Most group commands will then do your | |
2434 | bidding on those groups. | |
2435 | ||
2436 | However, if the groups are not in sequential order, you can still | |
2437 | perform a command on several groups. You simply mark the groups first | |
2438 | with the process mark and then execute the command. | |
2439 | ||
2440 | @table @kbd | |
2441 | ||
2442 | @item # | |
23f87bed | 2443 | @kindex # (Group) |
6bf7aab6 | 2444 | @itemx M m |
23f87bed | 2445 | @kindex M m (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2446 | @findex gnus-group-mark-group |
2447 | Set the mark on the current group (@code{gnus-group-mark-group}). | |
2448 | ||
2449 | @item M-# | |
23f87bed | 2450 | @kindex M-# (Group) |
6bf7aab6 | 2451 | @itemx M u |
23f87bed | 2452 | @kindex M u (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2453 | @findex gnus-group-unmark-group |
2454 | Remove the mark from the current group | |
2455 | (@code{gnus-group-unmark-group}). | |
2456 | ||
2457 | @item M U | |
23f87bed | 2458 | @kindex M U (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2459 | @findex gnus-group-unmark-all-groups |
2460 | Remove the mark from all groups (@code{gnus-group-unmark-all-groups}). | |
2461 | ||
2462 | @item M w | |
23f87bed | 2463 | @kindex M w (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2464 | @findex gnus-group-mark-region |
2465 | Mark all groups between point and mark (@code{gnus-group-mark-region}). | |
2466 | ||
2467 | @item M b | |
23f87bed | 2468 | @kindex M b (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2469 | @findex gnus-group-mark-buffer |
2470 | Mark all groups in the buffer (@code{gnus-group-mark-buffer}). | |
2471 | ||
2472 | @item M r | |
23f87bed | 2473 | @kindex M r (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2474 | @findex gnus-group-mark-regexp |
2475 | Mark all groups that match some regular expression | |
2476 | (@code{gnus-group-mark-regexp}). | |
2477 | @end table | |
2478 | ||
2479 | Also @pxref{Process/Prefix}. | |
2480 | ||
2481 | @findex gnus-group-universal-argument | |
2482 | If you want to execute some command on all groups that have been marked | |
2483 | with the process mark, you can use the @kbd{M-&} | |
2484 | (@code{gnus-group-universal-argument}) command. It will prompt you for | |
2485 | the command to be executed. | |
2486 | ||
2487 | ||
2488 | @node Foreign Groups | |
2489 | @section Foreign Groups | |
2490 | @cindex foreign groups | |
2491 | ||
2492 | Below are some group mode commands for making and editing general foreign | |
2493 | groups, as well as commands to ease the creation of a few | |
2494 | special-purpose groups. All these commands insert the newly created | |
2495 | groups under point---@code{gnus-subscribe-newsgroup-method} is not | |
2496 | consulted. | |
2497 | ||
67099291 MB |
2498 | Changes from the group editing commands are stored in |
2499 | @file{~/.newsrc.eld} (@code{gnus-startup-file}). An alternative is the | |
2500 | variable @code{gnus-parameters}, @xref{Group Parameters}. | |
2501 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
2502 | @table @kbd |
2503 | ||
2504 | @item G m | |
23f87bed | 2505 | @kindex G m (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2506 | @findex gnus-group-make-group |
2507 | @cindex making groups | |
2508 | Make a new group (@code{gnus-group-make-group}). Gnus will prompt you | |
2509 | for a name, a method and possibly an @dfn{address}. For an easier way | |
23f87bed MB |
2510 | to subscribe to @acronym{NNTP} groups (@pxref{Browse Foreign Server}). |
2511 | ||
2512 | @item G M | |
2513 | @kindex G M (Group) | |
2514 | @findex gnus-group-read-ephemeral-group | |
2515 | Make an ephemeral group (@code{gnus-group-read-ephemeral-group}). Gnus | |
2516 | will prompt you for a name, a method and an @dfn{address}. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2517 | |
2518 | @item G r | |
23f87bed | 2519 | @kindex G r (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2520 | @findex gnus-group-rename-group |
2521 | @cindex renaming groups | |
2522 | Rename the current group to something else | |
2523 | (@code{gnus-group-rename-group}). This is valid only on some | |
2524 | groups---mail groups mostly. This command might very well be quite slow | |
a8edc211 | 2525 | on some back ends. |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2526 | |
2527 | @item G c | |
23f87bed | 2528 | @kindex G c (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2529 | @cindex customizing |
2530 | @findex gnus-group-customize | |
2531 | Customize the group parameters (@code{gnus-group-customize}). | |
2532 | ||
2533 | @item G e | |
23f87bed | 2534 | @kindex G e (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2535 | @findex gnus-group-edit-group-method |
2536 | @cindex renaming groups | |
2537 | Enter a buffer where you can edit the select method of the current | |
2538 | group (@code{gnus-group-edit-group-method}). | |
2539 | ||
2540 | @item G p | |
23f87bed | 2541 | @kindex G p (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2542 | @findex gnus-group-edit-group-parameters |
2543 | Enter a buffer where you can edit the group parameters | |
2544 | (@code{gnus-group-edit-group-parameters}). | |
2545 | ||
2546 | @item G E | |
23f87bed | 2547 | @kindex G E (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2548 | @findex gnus-group-edit-group |
2549 | Enter a buffer where you can edit the group info | |
2550 | (@code{gnus-group-edit-group}). | |
2551 | ||
2552 | @item G d | |
23f87bed | 2553 | @kindex G d (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2554 | @findex gnus-group-make-directory-group |
2555 | @cindex nndir | |
2556 | Make a directory group (@pxref{Directory Groups}). You will be prompted | |
2557 | for a directory name (@code{gnus-group-make-directory-group}). | |
2558 | ||
2559 | @item G h | |
23f87bed | 2560 | @kindex G h (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2561 | @cindex help group |
2562 | @findex gnus-group-make-help-group | |
2563 | Make the Gnus help group (@code{gnus-group-make-help-group}). | |
2564 | ||
2565 | @item G a | |
23f87bed | 2566 | @kindex G a (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2567 | @cindex (ding) archive |
2568 | @cindex archive group | |
2569 | @findex gnus-group-make-archive-group | |
2570 | @vindex gnus-group-archive-directory | |
2571 | @vindex gnus-group-recent-archive-directory | |
2572 | Make a Gnus archive group (@code{gnus-group-make-archive-group}). By | |
2573 | default a group pointing to the most recent articles will be created | |
2574 | (@code{gnus-group-recent-archive-directory}), but given a prefix, a full | |
2575 | group will be created from @code{gnus-group-archive-directory}. | |
2576 | ||
2577 | @item G k | |
23f87bed | 2578 | @kindex G k (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2579 | @findex gnus-group-make-kiboze-group |
2580 | @cindex nnkiboze | |
2581 | Make a kiboze group. You will be prompted for a name, for a regexp to | |
2582 | match groups to be ``included'' in the kiboze group, and a series of | |
2583 | strings to match on headers (@code{gnus-group-make-kiboze-group}). | |
2584 | @xref{Kibozed Groups}. | |
2585 | ||
2586 | @item G D | |
23f87bed | 2587 | @kindex G D (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2588 | @findex gnus-group-enter-directory |
2589 | @cindex nneething | |
2590 | Read an arbitrary directory as if it were a newsgroup with the | |
a8edc211 | 2591 | @code{nneething} back end (@code{gnus-group-enter-directory}). |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2592 | @xref{Anything Groups}. |
2593 | ||
2594 | @item G f | |
23f87bed | 2595 | @kindex G f (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2596 | @findex gnus-group-make-doc-group |
2597 | @cindex ClariNet Briefs | |
2598 | @cindex nndoc | |
2599 | Make a group based on some file or other | |
2600 | (@code{gnus-group-make-doc-group}). If you give a prefix to this | |
2601 | command, you will be prompted for a file name and a file type. | |
23f87bed MB |
2602 | Currently supported types are @code{mbox}, @code{babyl}, |
2603 | @code{digest}, @code{news}, @code{rnews}, @code{mmdf}, @code{forward}, | |
2604 | @code{rfc934}, @code{rfc822-forward}, @code{mime-parts}, | |
2605 | @code{standard-digest}, @code{slack-digest}, @code{clari-briefs}, | |
2606 | @code{nsmail}, @code{outlook}, @code{oe-dbx}, and @code{mailman}. If | |
2607 | you run this command without a prefix, Gnus will guess at the file | |
2625a8f7 | 2608 | type. @xref{Document Groups}. |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2609 | |
2610 | @item G u | |
23f87bed | 2611 | @kindex G u (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2612 | @vindex gnus-useful-groups |
2613 | @findex gnus-group-make-useful-group | |
2614 | Create one of the groups mentioned in @code{gnus-useful-groups} | |
2615 | (@code{gnus-group-make-useful-group}). | |
2616 | ||
2617 | @item G w | |
23f87bed | 2618 | @kindex G w (Group) |
6bf7aab6 | 2619 | @findex gnus-group-make-web-group |
23f87bed | 2620 | @cindex Google |
6bf7aab6 | 2621 | @cindex nnweb |
23f87bed | 2622 | @cindex gmane |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2623 | Make an ephemeral group based on a web search |
2624 | (@code{gnus-group-make-web-group}). If you give a prefix to this | |
2625 | command, make a solid group instead. You will be prompted for the | |
2626 | search engine type and the search string. Valid search engine types | |
23f87bed | 2627 | include @code{google}, @code{dejanews}, and @code{gmane}. |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2628 | @xref{Web Searches}. |
2629 | ||
23f87bed | 2630 | If you use the @code{google} search engine, you can limit the search |
6bf7aab6 | 2631 | to a particular group by using a match string like |
23f87bed | 2632 | @samp{shaving group:alt.sysadmin.recovery}. |
6bf7aab6 | 2633 | |
23f87bed MB |
2634 | @item G R |
2635 | @kindex G R (Group) | |
2636 | @findex gnus-group-make-rss-group | |
2637 | Make a group based on an @acronym{RSS} feed | |
2638 | (@code{gnus-group-make-rss-group}). You will be prompted for an URL. | |
2639 | @xref{RSS}. | |
2640 | ||
2641 | @item G DEL | |
2642 | @kindex G DEL (Group) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2643 | @findex gnus-group-delete-group |
2644 | This function will delete the current group | |
2645 | (@code{gnus-group-delete-group}). If given a prefix, this function will | |
2646 | actually delete all the articles in the group, and forcibly remove the | |
2647 | group itself from the face of the Earth. Use a prefix only if you are | |
2648 | absolutely sure of what you are doing. This command can't be used on | |
23f87bed | 2649 | read-only groups (like @code{nntp} groups), though. |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2650 | |
2651 | @item G V | |
23f87bed | 2652 | @kindex G V (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2653 | @findex gnus-group-make-empty-virtual |
2654 | Make a new, fresh, empty @code{nnvirtual} group | |
2655 | (@code{gnus-group-make-empty-virtual}). @xref{Virtual Groups}. | |
2656 | ||
2657 | @item G v | |
23f87bed | 2658 | @kindex G v (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2659 | @findex gnus-group-add-to-virtual |
2660 | Add the current group to an @code{nnvirtual} group | |
2661 | (@code{gnus-group-add-to-virtual}). Uses the process/prefix convention. | |
2662 | @end table | |
2663 | ||
2664 | @xref{Select Methods}, for more information on the various select | |
2665 | methods. | |
2666 | ||
2667 | @vindex gnus-activate-foreign-newsgroups | |
2668 | If @code{gnus-activate-foreign-newsgroups} is a positive number, | |
2669 | Gnus will check all foreign groups with this level or lower at startup. | |
2670 | This might take quite a while, especially if you subscribe to lots of | |
23f87bed | 2671 | groups from different @acronym{NNTP} servers. Also @pxref{Group Levels}; |
6bf7aab6 | 2672 | @code{gnus-activate-level} also affects activation of foreign |
2625a8f7 | 2673 | newsgroups. |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2674 | |
2675 | ||
2676 | @node Group Parameters | |
2677 | @section Group Parameters | |
2678 | @cindex group parameters | |
2679 | ||
2680 | The group parameters store information local to a particular group. | |
2681 | Here's an example group parameter list: | |
2682 | ||
2683 | @example | |
2684 | ((to-address . "ding@@gnus.org") | |
2685 | (auto-expire . t)) | |
2686 | @end example | |
2687 | ||
23f87bed | 2688 | We see that each element consists of a ``dotted pair''---the thing before |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2689 | the dot is the key, while the thing after the dot is the value. All the |
2690 | parameters have this form @emph{except} local variable specs, which are | |
2691 | not dotted pairs, but proper lists. | |
2692 | ||
23f87bed MB |
2693 | Some parameters have correspondent customizable variables, each of which |
2694 | is an alist of regexps and values. | |
2695 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
2696 | The following group parameters can be used: |
2697 | ||
2698 | @table @code | |
2699 | @item to-address | |
2700 | @cindex to-address | |
2701 | Address used by when doing followups and new posts. | |
2702 | ||
2703 | @example | |
23f87bed | 2704 | (to-address . "some@@where.com") |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2705 | @end example |
2706 | ||
2707 | This is primarily useful in mail groups that represent closed mailing | |
2708 | lists---mailing lists where it's expected that everybody that writes to | |
2709 | the mailing list is subscribed to it. Since using this parameter | |
2710 | ensures that the mail only goes to the mailing list itself, it means | |
2711 | that members won't receive two copies of your followups. | |
2712 | ||
2713 | Using @code{to-address} will actually work whether the group is foreign | |
2714 | or not. Let's say there's a group on the server that is called | |
2715 | @samp{fa.4ad-l}. This is a real newsgroup, but the server has gotten | |
2716 | the articles from a mail-to-news gateway. Posting directly to this | |
2717 | group is therefore impossible---you have to send mail to the mailing | |
2718 | list address instead. | |
2719 | ||
23f87bed | 2720 | See also @code{gnus-parameter-to-address-alist}. |
33a48912 | 2721 | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2722 | @item to-list |
2723 | @cindex to-list | |
2625a8f7 | 2724 | Address used when doing @kbd{a} in that group. |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2725 | |
2726 | @example | |
2727 | (to-list . "some@@where.com") | |
2728 | @end example | |
2729 | ||
2730 | It is totally ignored | |
2731 | when doing a followup---except that if it is present in a news group, | |
2732 | you'll get mail group semantics when doing @kbd{f}. | |
2733 | ||
2734 | If you do an @kbd{a} command in a mail group and you have neither a | |
2735 | @code{to-list} group parameter nor a @code{to-address} group parameter, | |
2736 | then a @code{to-list} group parameter will be added automatically upon | |
2737 | sending the message if @code{gnus-add-to-list} is set to @code{t}. | |
2738 | @vindex gnus-add-to-list | |
2739 | ||
23f87bed MB |
2740 | @findex gnus-mailing-list-mode |
2741 | @cindex mail list groups | |
2742 | If this variable is set, @code{gnus-mailing-list-mode} is turned on when | |
2743 | entering summary buffer. | |
6bf7aab6 | 2744 | |
33a48912 DL |
2745 | See also @code{gnus-parameter-to-list-alist}. |
2746 | ||
23f87bed MB |
2747 | @anchor{subscribed} |
2748 | @item subscribed | |
2749 | @cindex subscribed | |
2750 | @cindex Mail-Followup-To | |
2751 | @findex gnus-find-subscribed-addresses | |
2752 | If this parameter is set to @code{t}, Gnus will consider the | |
2753 | to-address and to-list parameters for this group as addresses of | |
2754 | mailing lists you are subscribed to. Giving Gnus this information is | |
2755 | (only) a first step in getting it to generate correct Mail-Followup-To | |
2756 | headers for your posts to these lists. The second step is to put the | |
2757 | following in your @file{.gnus.el} | |
2758 | ||
2759 | @lisp | |
2760 | (setq message-subscribed-address-functions | |
2761 | '(gnus-find-subscribed-addresses)) | |
2762 | @end lisp | |
2763 | ||
2764 | @xref{Mailing Lists, ,Mailing Lists, message, The Message Manual}, for | |
2765 | a complete treatment of available MFT support. | |
2766 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
2767 | @item visible |
2768 | @cindex visible | |
2769 | If the group parameter list has the element @code{(visible . t)}, | |
2770 | that group will always be visible in the Group buffer, regardless | |
2771 | of whether it has any unread articles. | |
2772 | ||
1b155fbd MB |
2773 | This parameter cannot be set via @code{gnus-parameters}. See |
2774 | @code{gnus-permanently-visible-groups} as an alternative. | |
2775 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
2776 | @item broken-reply-to |
2777 | @cindex broken-reply-to | |
2778 | Elements like @code{(broken-reply-to . t)} signals that @code{Reply-To} | |
23f87bed MB |
2779 | headers in this group are to be ignored, and for the header to be hidden |
2780 | if @code{reply-to} is part of @code{gnus-boring-article-headers}. This | |
2781 | can be useful if you're reading a mailing list group where the listserv | |
2782 | has inserted @code{Reply-To} headers that point back to the listserv | |
2783 | itself. That is broken behavior. So there! | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2784 | |
2785 | @item to-group | |
2786 | @cindex to-group | |
2787 | Elements like @code{(to-group . "some.group.name")} means that all | |
2788 | posts in that group will be sent to @code{some.group.name}. | |
2789 | ||
2790 | @item newsgroup | |
2791 | @cindex newsgroup | |
2792 | If you have @code{(newsgroup . t)} in the group parameter list, Gnus | |
2793 | will treat all responses as if they were responses to news articles. | |
2794 | This can be useful if you have a mail group that's really a mirror of a | |
2795 | news group. | |
2796 | ||
2797 | @item gcc-self | |
2798 | @cindex gcc-self | |
2799 | If @code{(gcc-self . t)} is present in the group parameter list, newly | |
2625a8f7 | 2800 | composed messages will be @code{Gcc}'d to the current group. If |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2801 | @code{(gcc-self . none)} is present, no @code{Gcc:} header will be |
2802 | generated, if @code{(gcc-self . "string")} is present, this string will | |
2803 | be inserted literally as a @code{gcc} header. This parameter takes | |
2804 | precedence over any default @code{Gcc} rules as described later | |
2805 | (@pxref{Archived Messages}). | |
2806 | ||
23f87bed MB |
2807 | @strong{Caveat}: Adding @code{(gcc-self . t)} to the parameter list of |
2808 | @code{nntp} groups (or the like) isn't valid. An @code{nntp} server | |
2809 | doesn't accept articles. | |
2810 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
2811 | @item auto-expire |
2812 | @cindex auto-expire | |
11e95b02 | 2813 | @cindex expiring mail |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2814 | If the group parameter has an element that looks like @code{(auto-expire |
2815 | . t)}, all articles read will be marked as expirable. For an | |
2816 | alternative approach, @pxref{Expiring Mail}. | |
2817 | ||
23f87bed MB |
2818 | See also @code{gnus-auto-expirable-newsgroups}. |
2819 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
2820 | @item total-expire |
2821 | @cindex total-expire | |
11e95b02 | 2822 | @cindex expiring mail |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2823 | If the group parameter has an element that looks like |
2824 | @code{(total-expire . t)}, all read articles will be put through the | |
2825 | expiry process, even if they are not marked as expirable. Use with | |
2826 | caution. Unread, ticked and dormant articles are not eligible for | |
2827 | expiry. | |
2828 | ||
33a48912 DL |
2829 | See also @code{gnus-total-expirable-newsgroups}. |
2830 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
2831 | @item expiry-wait |
2832 | @cindex expiry-wait | |
2833 | @vindex nnmail-expiry-wait-function | |
23f87bed MB |
2834 | If the group parameter has an element that looks like |
2835 | @code{(expiry-wait . 10)}, this value will override any | |
2836 | @code{nnmail-expiry-wait} and @code{nnmail-expiry-wait-function} | |
2837 | (@pxref{Expiring Mail}) when expiring expirable messages. The value | |
2838 | can either be a number of days (not necessarily an integer) or the | |
2839 | symbols @code{never} or @code{immediate}. | |
2840 | ||
2841 | @item expiry-target | |
2842 | @cindex expiry-target | |
2843 | Where expired messages end up. This parameter overrides | |
2844 | @code{nnmail-expiry-target}. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2845 | |
2846 | @item score-file | |
2847 | @cindex score file group parameter | |
2848 | Elements that look like @code{(score-file . "file")} will make | |
2849 | @file{file} into the current score file for the group in question. All | |
2850 | interactive score entries will be put into this file. | |
2851 | ||
2852 | @item adapt-file | |
2853 | @cindex adapt file group parameter | |
2854 | Elements that look like @code{(adapt-file . "file")} will make | |
2855 | @file{file} into the current adaptive file for the group in question. | |
2856 | All adaptive score entries will be put into this file. | |
2857 | ||
2858 | @item admin-address | |
23f87bed | 2859 | @cindex admin-address |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2860 | When unsubscribing from a mailing list you should never send the |
2861 | unsubscription notice to the mailing list itself. Instead, you'd send | |
2862 | messages to the administrative address. This parameter allows you to | |
2863 | put the admin address somewhere convenient. | |
2864 | ||
2865 | @item display | |
23f87bed | 2866 | @cindex display |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2867 | Elements that look like @code{(display . MODE)} say which articles to |
2868 | display on entering the group. Valid values are: | |
2869 | ||
2870 | @table @code | |
2871 | @item all | |
2872 | Display all articles, both read and unread. | |
2873 | ||
23f87bed MB |
2874 | @item an integer |
2875 | Display the last @var{integer} articles in the group. This is the same as | |
2876 | entering the group with @kbd{C-u @var{integer}}. | |
2877 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
2878 | @item default |
2879 | Display the default visible articles, which normally includes unread and | |
2880 | ticked articles. | |
23f87bed MB |
2881 | |
2882 | @item an array | |
2883 | Display articles that satisfy a predicate. | |
2884 | ||
2885 | Here are some examples: | |
2886 | ||
2887 | @table @code | |
2888 | @item [unread] | |
2889 | Display only unread articles. | |
2890 | ||
2891 | @item [not expire] | |
2892 | Display everything except expirable articles. | |
2893 | ||
2894 | @item [and (not reply) (not expire)] | |
2895 | Display everything except expirable and articles you've already | |
2896 | responded to. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
2897 | @end table |
2898 | ||
23f87bed MB |
2899 | The available operators are @code{not}, @code{and} and @code{or}. |
2900 | Predicates include @code{tick}, @code{unsend}, @code{undownload}, | |
2901 | @code{unread}, @code{dormant}, @code{expire}, @code{reply}, | |
2902 | @code{killed}, @code{bookmark}, @code{score}, @code{save}, | |
2903 | @code{cache}, @code{forward}, @code{unseen} and @code{recent}. | |
2904 | ||
2905 | @end table | |
2906 | ||
2907 | The @code{display} parameter works by limiting the summary buffer to | |
2908 | the subset specified. You can pop the limit by using the @kbd{/ w} | |
2909 | command (@pxref{Limiting}). | |
2910 | ||
6bf7aab6 | 2911 | @item comment |
23f87bed MB |
2912 | @cindex comment |
2913 | Elements that look like @code{(comment . "This is a comment")} are | |
2914 | arbitrary comments on the group. You can display comments in the | |
2915 | group line (@pxref{Group Line Specification}). | |
6bf7aab6 | 2916 | |
2625a8f7 | 2917 | @item charset |
23f87bed | 2918 | @cindex charset |
2625a8f7 GM |
2919 | Elements that look like @code{(charset . iso-8859-1)} will make |
2920 | @code{iso-8859-1} the default charset; that is, the charset that will be | |
2921 | used for all articles that do not specify a charset. | |
2922 | ||
33a48912 | 2923 | See also @code{gnus-group-charset-alist}. |
6bf7aab6 | 2924 | |
33a48912 | 2925 | @item ignored-charsets |
23f87bed MB |
2926 | @cindex ignored-charset |
2927 | Elements that look like @code{(ignored-charsets x-unknown iso-8859-1)} | |
33a48912 DL |
2928 | will make @code{iso-8859-1} and @code{x-unknown} ignored; that is, the |
2929 | default charset will be used for decoding articles. | |
6bf7aab6 | 2930 | |
33a48912 | 2931 | See also @code{gnus-group-ignored-charsets-alist}. |
177c0ea7 | 2932 | |
2625a8f7 | 2933 | @item posting-style |
23f87bed MB |
2934 | @cindex posting-style |
2935 | You can store additional posting style information for this group | |
2625a8f7 GM |
2936 | here (@pxref{Posting Styles}). The format is that of an entry in the |
2937 | @code{gnus-posting-styles} alist, except that there's no regexp matching | |
2938 | the group name (of course). Style elements in this group parameter will | |
2939 | take precedence over the ones found in @code{gnus-posting-styles}. | |
2940 | ||
2941 | For instance, if you want a funky name and signature in this group only, | |
2942 | instead of hacking @code{gnus-posting-styles}, you could put something | |
2943 | like this in the group parameters: | |
2944 | ||
2945 | @example | |
2946 | (posting-style | |
2947 | (name "Funky Name") | |
23f87bed | 2948 | ("X-My-Header" "Funky Value") |
2625a8f7 GM |
2949 | (signature "Funky Signature")) |
2950 | @end example | |
2951 | ||
23f87bed MB |
2952 | @item post-method |
2953 | @cindex post-method | |
2954 | If it is set, the value is used as the method for posting message | |
2955 | instead of @code{gnus-post-method}. | |
2956 | ||
dda5808a | 2957 | @item banner |
23f87bed MB |
2958 | @cindex banner |
2959 | An item like @code{(banner . @var{regexp})} causes any part of an article | |
2960 | that matches the regular expression @var{regexp} to be stripped. Instead of | |
2961 | @var{regexp}, you can also use the symbol @code{signature} which strips the | |
dda5808a DL |
2962 | last signature or any of the elements of the alist |
2963 | @code{gnus-article-banner-alist}. | |
2964 | ||
23f87bed MB |
2965 | @item sieve |
2966 | @cindex sieve | |
2967 | This parameter contains a Sieve test that should match incoming mail | |
2968 | that should be placed in this group. From this group parameter, a | |
2969 | Sieve @samp{IF} control structure is generated, having the test as the | |
2970 | condition and @samp{fileinto "group.name";} as the body. | |
2971 | ||
2972 | For example, if the @samp{INBOX.list.sieve} group has the @code{(sieve | |
2973 | address "sender" "sieve-admin@@extundo.com")} group parameter, when | |
2974 | translating the group parameter into a Sieve script (@pxref{Sieve | |
2975 | Commands}) the following Sieve code is generated: | |
2976 | ||
2977 | @example | |
2978 | if address \"sender\" \"sieve-admin@@extundo.com\" @{ | |
2979 | fileinto \"INBOX.list.sieve\"; | |
2980 | @} | |
2981 | @end example | |
2982 | ||
2983 | The Sieve language is described in RFC 3028. @xref{Top, Emacs Sieve, | |
2984 | Top, sieve, Emacs Sieve}. | |
2985 | ||
2986 | @item (agent parameters) | |
2987 | If the agent has been enabled, you can set any of the its parameters | |
2988 | to control the behavior of the agent in individual groups. See Agent | |
2989 | Parameters in @ref{Category Syntax}. Most users will choose to set | |
2990 | agent parameters in either an agent category or group topic to | |
2991 | minimize the configuration effort. | |
2992 | ||
33a48912 DL |
2993 | @item (@var{variable} @var{form}) |
2994 | You can use the group parameters to set variables local to the group you | |
2995 | are entering. If you want to turn threading off in @samp{news.answers}, | |
2996 | you could put @code{(gnus-show-threads nil)} in the group parameters of | |
2997 | that group. @code{gnus-show-threads} will be made into a local variable | |
2998 | in the summary buffer you enter, and the form @code{nil} will be | |
2999 | @code{eval}ed there. | |
3000 | ||
23f87bed MB |
3001 | Note that this feature sets the variable locally to the summary buffer. |
3002 | But some variables are evaluated in the article buffer, or in the | |
3003 | message buffer (of a reply or followup or otherwise newly created | |
3004 | message). As a workaround, it might help to add the variable in | |
3005 | question to @code{gnus-newsgroup-variables}. @xref{Various Summary | |
3006 | Stuff}. So if you want to set @code{message-from-style} via the group | |
3007 | parameters, then you may need the following statement elsewhere in your | |
3008 | @file{~/.gnus} file: | |
3009 | ||
3010 | @lisp | |
3011 | (add-to-list 'gnus-newsgroup-variables 'message-from-style) | |
3012 | @end lisp | |
3013 | ||
3014 | @vindex gnus-list-identifiers | |
3015 | A use for this feature is to remove a mailing list identifier tag in | |
3016 | the subject fields of articles. E.g. if the news group | |
3017 | ||
3018 | @example | |
3019 | nntp+news.gnus.org:gmane.text.docbook.apps | |
3020 | @end example | |
3021 | ||
3022 | has the tag @samp{DOC-BOOK-APPS:} in the subject of all articles, this | |
3023 | tag can be removed from the article subjects in the summary buffer for | |
3024 | the group by putting @code{(gnus-list-identifiers "DOCBOOK-APPS:")} | |
3025 | into the group parameters for the group. | |
3026 | ||
9b5773bc MB |
3027 | This can also be used as a group-specific hook function. If you want to |
3028 | hear a beep when you enter a group, you could put something like | |
3029 | @code{(dummy-variable (ding))} in the parameters of that group. | |
3030 | @code{dummy-variable} will be set to the (meaningless) result of the | |
3d80e1a2 | 3031 | @code{(ding)} form. |
9b5773bc MB |
3032 | |
3033 | Alternatively, since the VARIABLE becomes local to the group, this | |
3034 | pattern can be used to temporarily change a hook. For example, if the | |
3035 | following is added to a group parameter | |
3036 | ||
3037 | @lisp | |
3038 | (gnus-summary-prepared-hook | |
3039 | '(lambda nil (local-set-key "d" (local-key-binding "n")))) | |
3040 | @end lisp | |
3041 | ||
3042 | when the group is entered, the 'd' key will not mark the article as | |
3043 | expired. | |
33a48912 | 3044 | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3045 | @end table |
3046 | ||
9e374264 DL |
3047 | Use the @kbd{G p} or the @kbd{G c} command to edit group parameters of a |
3048 | group. (@kbd{G p} presents you with a Lisp-based interface, @kbd{G c} | |
3049 | presents you with a Customize-like interface. The latter helps avoid | |
3050 | silly Lisp errors.) You might also be interested in reading about topic | |
3051 | parameters (@pxref{Topic Parameters}). | |
6bf7aab6 | 3052 | |
23f87bed MB |
3053 | @vindex gnus-parameters |
3054 | Group parameters can be set via the @code{gnus-parameters} variable too. | |
1b155fbd MB |
3055 | But some variables, such as @code{visible}, have no effect (For this |
3056 | case see @code{gnus-permanently-visible-groups} as an alternative.). | |
3057 | For example: | |
23f87bed MB |
3058 | |
3059 | @lisp | |
3060 | (setq gnus-parameters | |
3061 | '(("mail\\..*" | |
3062 | (gnus-show-threads nil) | |
3063 | (gnus-use-scoring nil) | |
3064 | (gnus-summary-line-format | |
3065 | "%U%R%z%I%(%[%d:%ub%-23,23f%]%) %s\n") | |
3066 | (gcc-self . t) | |
3067 | (display . all)) | |
3068 | ||
3069 | ("^nnimap:\\(foo.bar\\)$" | |
3070 | (to-group . "\\1")) | |
3071 | ||
3072 | ("mail\\.me" | |
3073 | (gnus-use-scoring t)) | |
3074 | ||
3075 | ("list\\..*" | |
3076 | (total-expire . t) | |
3077 | (broken-reply-to . t)))) | |
3078 | @end lisp | |
3079 | ||
3080 | String value of parameters will be subjected to regexp substitution, as | |
3081 | the @code{to-group} example shows. | |
3082 | ||
e8beac8a MB |
3083 | @vindex gnus-parameters-case-fold-search |
3084 | By default, whether comparing the group name and one of those regexps | |
3085 | specified in @code{gnus-parameters} is done in a case-sensitive manner | |
3086 | or a case-insensitive manner depends on the value of | |
3087 | @code{case-fold-search} at the time when the comparison is done. The | |
3088 | value of @code{case-fold-search} is typically @code{t}; it means, for | |
3089 | example, the element @code{("INBOX\\.FOO" (total-expire . t))} might be | |
3090 | applied to both the @samp{INBOX.FOO} group and the @samp{INBOX.foo} | |
3091 | group. If you want to make those regexps always case-sensitive, set the | |
3092 | value of the @code{gnus-parameters-case-fold-search} variable to | |
3093 | @code{nil}. Otherwise, set it to @code{t} if you want to compare them | |
3094 | always in a case-insensitive manner. | |
3095 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
3096 | |
3097 | @node Listing Groups | |
3098 | @section Listing Groups | |
3099 | @cindex group listing | |
3100 | ||
3101 | These commands all list various slices of the groups available. | |
3102 | ||
3103 | @table @kbd | |
3104 | ||
3105 | @item l | |
3106 | @itemx A s | |
23f87bed MB |
3107 | @kindex A s (Group) |
3108 | @kindex l (Group) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3109 | @findex gnus-group-list-groups |
3110 | List all groups that have unread articles | |
3111 | (@code{gnus-group-list-groups}). If the numeric prefix is used, this | |
3112 | command will list only groups of level ARG and lower. By default, it | |
23f87bed | 3113 | only lists groups of level five (i.e., |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3114 | @code{gnus-group-default-list-level}) or lower (i.e., just subscribed |
3115 | groups). | |
3116 | ||
3117 | @item L | |
3118 | @itemx A u | |
23f87bed MB |
3119 | @kindex A u (Group) |
3120 | @kindex L (Group) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3121 | @findex gnus-group-list-all-groups |
3122 | List all groups, whether they have unread articles or not | |
3123 | (@code{gnus-group-list-all-groups}). If the numeric prefix is used, | |
3124 | this command will list only groups of level ARG and lower. By default, | |
3125 | it lists groups of level seven or lower (i.e., just subscribed and | |
3126 | unsubscribed groups). | |
3127 | ||
3128 | @item A l | |
23f87bed | 3129 | @kindex A l (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3130 | @findex gnus-group-list-level |
3131 | List all unread groups on a specific level | |
3132 | (@code{gnus-group-list-level}). If given a prefix, also list the groups | |
3133 | with no unread articles. | |
3134 | ||
3135 | @item A k | |
23f87bed | 3136 | @kindex A k (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3137 | @findex gnus-group-list-killed |
3138 | List all killed groups (@code{gnus-group-list-killed}). If given a | |
3139 | prefix argument, really list all groups that are available, but aren't | |
3140 | currently (un)subscribed. This could entail reading the active file | |
3141 | from the server. | |
3142 | ||
3143 | @item A z | |
23f87bed | 3144 | @kindex A z (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3145 | @findex gnus-group-list-zombies |
3146 | List all zombie groups (@code{gnus-group-list-zombies}). | |
3147 | ||
3148 | @item A m | |
23f87bed | 3149 | @kindex A m (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3150 | @findex gnus-group-list-matching |
3151 | List all unread, subscribed groups with names that match a regexp | |
3152 | (@code{gnus-group-list-matching}). | |
3153 | ||
3154 | @item A M | |
23f87bed | 3155 | @kindex A M (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3156 | @findex gnus-group-list-all-matching |
3157 | List groups that match a regexp (@code{gnus-group-list-all-matching}). | |
3158 | ||
3159 | @item A A | |
23f87bed | 3160 | @kindex A A (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3161 | @findex gnus-group-list-active |
3162 | List absolutely all groups in the active file(s) of the | |
3163 | server(s) you are connected to (@code{gnus-group-list-active}). This | |
3164 | might very well take quite a while. It might actually be a better idea | |
3165 | to do a @kbd{A M} to list all matching, and just give @samp{.} as the | |
3166 | thing to match on. Also note that this command may list groups that | |
3167 | don't exist (yet)---these will be listed as if they were killed groups. | |
3168 | Take the output with some grains of salt. | |
3169 | ||
3170 | @item A a | |
23f87bed | 3171 | @kindex A a (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3172 | @findex gnus-group-apropos |
3173 | List all groups that have names that match a regexp | |
3174 | (@code{gnus-group-apropos}). | |
3175 | ||
3176 | @item A d | |
23f87bed | 3177 | @kindex A d (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3178 | @findex gnus-group-description-apropos |
3179 | List all groups that have names or descriptions that match a regexp | |
3180 | (@code{gnus-group-description-apropos}). | |
3181 | ||
2625a8f7 | 3182 | @item A c |
23f87bed | 3183 | @kindex A c (Group) |
2625a8f7 GM |
3184 | @findex gnus-group-list-cached |
3185 | List all groups with cached articles (@code{gnus-group-list-cached}). | |
3186 | ||
3187 | @item A ? | |
23f87bed | 3188 | @kindex A ? (Group) |
2625a8f7 GM |
3189 | @findex gnus-group-list-dormant |
3190 | List all groups with dormant articles (@code{gnus-group-list-dormant}). | |
3191 | ||
23f87bed MB |
3192 | @item A / |
3193 | @kindex A / (Group) | |
3194 | @findex gnus-group-list-limit | |
3195 | List groups limited within the current selection | |
3196 | (@code{gnus-group-list-limit}). | |
3197 | ||
3198 | @item A f | |
3199 | @kindex A f (Group) | |
3200 | @findex gnus-group-list-flush | |
3201 | Flush groups from the current selection (@code{gnus-group-list-flush}). | |
3202 | ||
3203 | @item A p | |
3204 | @kindex A p (Group) | |
3205 | @findex gnus-group-list-plus | |
3206 | List groups plus the current selection (@code{gnus-group-list-plus}). | |
3207 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
3208 | @end table |
3209 | ||
3210 | @vindex gnus-permanently-visible-groups | |
3211 | @cindex visible group parameter | |
3212 | Groups that match the @code{gnus-permanently-visible-groups} regexp will | |
3213 | always be shown, whether they have unread articles or not. You can also | |
3214 | add the @code{visible} element to the group parameters in question to | |
3215 | get the same effect. | |
3216 | ||
3217 | @vindex gnus-list-groups-with-ticked-articles | |
3218 | Groups that have just ticked articles in it are normally listed in the | |
3219 | group buffer. If @code{gnus-list-groups-with-ticked-articles} is | |
3220 | @code{nil}, these groups will be treated just like totally empty | |
3221 | groups. It is @code{t} by default. | |
3222 | ||
3223 | ||
3224 | @node Sorting Groups | |
3225 | @section Sorting Groups | |
3226 | @cindex sorting groups | |
3227 | ||
23f87bed | 3228 | @kindex C-c C-s (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3229 | @findex gnus-group-sort-groups |
3230 | @vindex gnus-group-sort-function | |
3231 | The @kbd{C-c C-s} (@code{gnus-group-sort-groups}) command sorts the | |
3232 | group buffer according to the function(s) given by the | |
3233 | @code{gnus-group-sort-function} variable. Available sorting functions | |
3234 | include: | |
3235 | ||
3236 | @table @code | |
3237 | ||
3238 | @item gnus-group-sort-by-alphabet | |
3239 | @findex gnus-group-sort-by-alphabet | |
3240 | Sort the group names alphabetically. This is the default. | |
3241 | ||
3242 | @item gnus-group-sort-by-real-name | |
3243 | @findex gnus-group-sort-by-real-name | |
3244 | Sort the group alphabetically on the real (unprefixed) group names. | |
3245 | ||
3246 | @item gnus-group-sort-by-level | |
3247 | @findex gnus-group-sort-by-level | |
3248 | Sort by group level. | |
3249 | ||
3250 | @item gnus-group-sort-by-score | |
3251 | @findex gnus-group-sort-by-score | |
3252 | Sort by group score. @xref{Group Score}. | |
3253 | ||
3254 | @item gnus-group-sort-by-rank | |
3255 | @findex gnus-group-sort-by-rank | |
3256 | Sort by group score and then the group level. The level and the score | |
3257 | are, when taken together, the group's @dfn{rank}. @xref{Group Score}. | |
3258 | ||
3259 | @item gnus-group-sort-by-unread | |
3260 | @findex gnus-group-sort-by-unread | |
3261 | Sort by number of unread articles. | |
3262 | ||
3263 | @item gnus-group-sort-by-method | |
3264 | @findex gnus-group-sort-by-method | |
3265 | Sort alphabetically on the select method. | |
3266 | ||
23f87bed MB |
3267 | @item gnus-group-sort-by-server |
3268 | @findex gnus-group-sort-by-server | |
3269 | Sort alphabetically on the Gnus server name. | |
3270 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
3271 | |
3272 | @end table | |
3273 | ||
3274 | @code{gnus-group-sort-function} can also be a list of sorting | |
3275 | functions. In that case, the most significant sort key function must be | |
3276 | the last one. | |
3277 | ||
3278 | ||
3279 | There are also a number of commands for sorting directly according to | |
3280 | some sorting criteria: | |
3281 | ||
3282 | @table @kbd | |
3283 | @item G S a | |
23f87bed | 3284 | @kindex G S a (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3285 | @findex gnus-group-sort-groups-by-alphabet |
3286 | Sort the group buffer alphabetically by group name | |
3287 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-groups-by-alphabet}). | |
3288 | ||
3289 | @item G S u | |
23f87bed | 3290 | @kindex G S u (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3291 | @findex gnus-group-sort-groups-by-unread |
3292 | Sort the group buffer by the number of unread articles | |
3293 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-groups-by-unread}). | |
3294 | ||
3295 | @item G S l | |
23f87bed | 3296 | @kindex G S l (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3297 | @findex gnus-group-sort-groups-by-level |
3298 | Sort the group buffer by group level | |
3299 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-groups-by-level}). | |
3300 | ||
3301 | @item G S v | |
23f87bed | 3302 | @kindex G S v (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3303 | @findex gnus-group-sort-groups-by-score |
3304 | Sort the group buffer by group score | |
3305 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-groups-by-score}). @xref{Group Score}. | |
3306 | ||
3307 | @item G S r | |
23f87bed | 3308 | @kindex G S r (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3309 | @findex gnus-group-sort-groups-by-rank |
3310 | Sort the group buffer by group rank | |
3311 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-groups-by-rank}). @xref{Group Score}. | |
3312 | ||
3313 | @item G S m | |
23f87bed | 3314 | @kindex G S m (Group) |
6bf7aab6 | 3315 | @findex gnus-group-sort-groups-by-method |
23f87bed | 3316 | Sort the group buffer alphabetically by back end name@* |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3317 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-groups-by-method}). |
3318 | ||
23f87bed MB |
3319 | @item G S n |
3320 | @kindex G S n (Group) | |
3321 | @findex gnus-group-sort-groups-by-real-name | |
3322 | Sort the group buffer alphabetically by real (unprefixed) group name | |
3323 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-groups-by-real-name}). | |
3324 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
3325 | @end table |
3326 | ||
2625a8f7 GM |
3327 | All the commands below obey the process/prefix convention |
3328 | (@pxref{Process/Prefix}). | |
3329 | ||
3330 | When given a symbolic prefix (@pxref{Symbolic Prefixes}), all these | |
3331 | commands will sort in reverse order. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3332 | |
3333 | You can also sort a subset of the groups: | |
3334 | ||
3335 | @table @kbd | |
3336 | @item G P a | |
23f87bed | 3337 | @kindex G P a (Group) |
6bf7aab6 | 3338 | @findex gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-alphabet |
2625a8f7 GM |
3339 | Sort the groups alphabetically by group name |
3340 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-alphabet}). | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3341 | |
3342 | @item G P u | |
23f87bed | 3343 | @kindex G P u (Group) |
6bf7aab6 | 3344 | @findex gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-unread |
2625a8f7 GM |
3345 | Sort the groups by the number of unread articles |
3346 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-unread}). | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3347 | |
3348 | @item G P l | |
23f87bed | 3349 | @kindex G P l (Group) |
6bf7aab6 | 3350 | @findex gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-level |
2625a8f7 | 3351 | Sort the groups by group level |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3352 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-level}). |
3353 | ||
3354 | @item G P v | |
23f87bed | 3355 | @kindex G P v (Group) |
6bf7aab6 | 3356 | @findex gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-score |
2625a8f7 | 3357 | Sort the groups by group score |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3358 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-score}). @xref{Group Score}. |
3359 | ||
3360 | @item G P r | |
23f87bed | 3361 | @kindex G P r (Group) |
6bf7aab6 | 3362 | @findex gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-rank |
2625a8f7 | 3363 | Sort the groups by group rank |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3364 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-rank}). @xref{Group Score}. |
3365 | ||
3366 | @item G P m | |
23f87bed | 3367 | @kindex G P m (Group) |
6bf7aab6 | 3368 | @findex gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-method |
23f87bed | 3369 | Sort the groups alphabetically by back end name@* |
2625a8f7 | 3370 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-method}). |
6bf7aab6 | 3371 | |
23f87bed MB |
3372 | @item G P n |
3373 | @kindex G P n (Group) | |
3374 | @findex gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-real-name | |
3375 | Sort the groups alphabetically by real (unprefixed) group name | |
3376 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-real-name}). | |
3377 | ||
3378 | @item G P s | |
3379 | @kindex G P s (Group) | |
3380 | @findex gnus-group-sort-selected-groups | |
3381 | Sort the groups according to @code{gnus-group-sort-function}. | |
3382 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
3383 | @end table |
3384 | ||
23f87bed MB |
3385 | And finally, note that you can use @kbd{C-k} and @kbd{C-y} to manually |
3386 | move groups around. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3387 | |
3388 | ||
3389 | @node Group Maintenance | |
3390 | @section Group Maintenance | |
3391 | @cindex bogus groups | |
3392 | ||
3393 | @table @kbd | |
3394 | @item b | |
23f87bed | 3395 | @kindex b (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3396 | @findex gnus-group-check-bogus-groups |
3397 | Find bogus groups and delete them | |
3398 | (@code{gnus-group-check-bogus-groups}). | |
3399 | ||
3400 | @item F | |
23f87bed | 3401 | @kindex F (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3402 | @findex gnus-group-find-new-groups |
3403 | Find new groups and process them (@code{gnus-group-find-new-groups}). | |
3404 | With 1 @kbd{C-u}, use the @code{ask-server} method to query the server | |
3405 | for new groups. With 2 @kbd{C-u}'s, use most complete method possible | |
3406 | to query the server for new groups, and subscribe the new groups as | |
3407 | zombies. | |
3408 | ||
3409 | @item C-c C-x | |
23f87bed | 3410 | @kindex C-c C-x (Group) |
6bf7aab6 | 3411 | @findex gnus-group-expire-articles |
11e95b02 | 3412 | @cindex expiring mail |
6bf7aab6 | 3413 | Run all expirable articles in the current group through the expiry |
23f87bed MB |
3414 | process (if any) (@code{gnus-group-expire-articles}). That is, delete |
3415 | all expirable articles in the group that have been around for a while. | |
3416 | (@pxref{Expiring Mail}). | |
6bf7aab6 | 3417 | |
718fb8a1 | 3418 | @item C-c C-M-x |
23f87bed | 3419 | @kindex C-c C-M-x (Group) |
6bf7aab6 | 3420 | @findex gnus-group-expire-all-groups |
11e95b02 | 3421 | @cindex expiring mail |
23f87bed | 3422 | Run all expirable articles in all groups through the expiry process |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3423 | (@code{gnus-group-expire-all-groups}). |
3424 | ||
3425 | @end table | |
3426 | ||
3427 | ||
3428 | @node Browse Foreign Server | |
3429 | @section Browse Foreign Server | |
3430 | @cindex foreign servers | |
3431 | @cindex browsing servers | |
3432 | ||
3433 | @table @kbd | |
3434 | @item B | |
23f87bed | 3435 | @kindex B (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3436 | @findex gnus-group-browse-foreign-server |
3437 | You will be queried for a select method and a server name. Gnus will | |
3438 | then attempt to contact this server and let you browse the groups there | |
3439 | (@code{gnus-group-browse-foreign-server}). | |
3440 | @end table | |
3441 | ||
3442 | @findex gnus-browse-mode | |
3443 | A new buffer with a list of available groups will appear. This buffer | |
3444 | will use the @code{gnus-browse-mode}. This buffer looks a bit (well, | |
3445 | a lot) like a normal group buffer. | |
3446 | ||
3447 | Here's a list of keystrokes available in the browse mode: | |
3448 | ||
3449 | @table @kbd | |
3450 | @item n | |
3451 | @kindex n (Browse) | |
3452 | @findex gnus-group-next-group | |
3453 | Go to the next group (@code{gnus-group-next-group}). | |
3454 | ||
3455 | @item p | |
3456 | @kindex p (Browse) | |
3457 | @findex gnus-group-prev-group | |
3458 | Go to the previous group (@code{gnus-group-prev-group}). | |
3459 | ||
23f87bed MB |
3460 | @item SPACE |
3461 | @kindex SPACE (Browse) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3462 | @findex gnus-browse-read-group |
3463 | Enter the current group and display the first article | |
3464 | (@code{gnus-browse-read-group}). | |
3465 | ||
23f87bed MB |
3466 | @item RET |
3467 | @kindex RET (Browse) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3468 | @findex gnus-browse-select-group |
3469 | Enter the current group (@code{gnus-browse-select-group}). | |
3470 | ||
3471 | @item u | |
3472 | @kindex u (Browse) | |
3473 | @findex gnus-browse-unsubscribe-current-group | |
3474 | Unsubscribe to the current group, or, as will be the case here, | |
3475 | subscribe to it (@code{gnus-browse-unsubscribe-current-group}). | |
3476 | ||
3477 | @item l | |
3478 | @itemx q | |
3479 | @kindex q (Browse) | |
3480 | @kindex l (Browse) | |
3481 | @findex gnus-browse-exit | |
3482 | Exit browse mode (@code{gnus-browse-exit}). | |
3483 | ||
23f87bed MB |
3484 | @item d |
3485 | @kindex d (Browse) | |
3486 | @findex gnus-browse-describe-group | |
3487 | Describe the current group (@code{gnus-browse-describe-group}). | |
3488 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
3489 | @item ? |
3490 | @kindex ? (Browse) | |
3491 | @findex gnus-browse-describe-briefly | |
3492 | Describe browse mode briefly (well, there's not much to describe, is | |
3493 | there) (@code{gnus-browse-describe-briefly}). | |
3494 | @end table | |
3495 | ||
3496 | ||
3497 | @node Exiting Gnus | |
3498 | @section Exiting Gnus | |
3499 | @cindex exiting Gnus | |
3500 | ||
3501 | Yes, Gnus is ex(c)iting. | |
3502 | ||
3503 | @table @kbd | |
3504 | @item z | |
23f87bed | 3505 | @kindex z (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3506 | @findex gnus-group-suspend |
3507 | Suspend Gnus (@code{gnus-group-suspend}). This doesn't really exit Gnus, | |
3508 | but it kills all buffers except the Group buffer. I'm not sure why this | |
3509 | is a gain, but then who am I to judge? | |
3510 | ||
3511 | @item q | |
23f87bed | 3512 | @kindex q (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3513 | @findex gnus-group-exit |
3514 | @c @icon{gnus-group-exit} | |
3515 | Quit Gnus (@code{gnus-group-exit}). | |
3516 | ||
3517 | @item Q | |
23f87bed | 3518 | @kindex Q (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3519 | @findex gnus-group-quit |
3520 | Quit Gnus without saving the @file{.newsrc} files (@code{gnus-group-quit}). | |
3521 | The dribble file will be saved, though (@pxref{Auto Save}). | |
3522 | @end table | |
3523 | ||
3524 | @vindex gnus-exit-gnus-hook | |
3525 | @vindex gnus-suspend-gnus-hook | |
23f87bed | 3526 | @vindex gnus-after-exiting-gnus-hook |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3527 | @code{gnus-suspend-gnus-hook} is called when you suspend Gnus and |
3528 | @code{gnus-exit-gnus-hook} is called when you quit Gnus, while | |
3529 | @code{gnus-after-exiting-gnus-hook} is called as the final item when | |
3530 | exiting Gnus. | |
3531 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
3532 | Note: |
3533 | ||
3534 | @quotation | |
3535 | Miss Lisa Cannifax, while sitting in English class, felt her feet go | |
3536 | numbly heavy and herself fall into a hazy trance as the boy sitting | |
3537 | behind her drew repeated lines with his pencil across the back of her | |
3538 | plastic chair. | |
3539 | @end quotation | |
3540 | ||
3541 | ||
3542 | @node Group Topics | |
3543 | @section Group Topics | |
3544 | @cindex topics | |
3545 | ||
3546 | If you read lots and lots of groups, it might be convenient to group | |
3547 | them hierarchically according to topics. You put your Emacs groups over | |
3548 | here, your sex groups over there, and the rest (what, two groups or so?) | |
3549 | you put in some misc section that you never bother with anyway. You can | |
3550 | even group the Emacs sex groups as a sub-topic to either the Emacs | |
3551 | groups or the sex groups---or both! Go wild! | |
3552 | ||
2625a8f7 GM |
3553 | @iftex |
3554 | @iflatex | |
3555 | \gnusfigure{Group Topics}{400}{ | |
23f87bed | 3556 | \put(75,50){\epsfig{figure=ps/group-topic,height=9cm}} |
2625a8f7 GM |
3557 | } |
3558 | @end iflatex | |
3559 | @end iftex | |
3560 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
3561 | Here's an example: |
3562 | ||
3563 | @example | |
3564 | Gnus | |
3565 | Emacs -- I wuw it! | |
3566 | 3: comp.emacs | |
3567 | 2: alt.religion.emacs | |
3568 | Naughty Emacs | |
3569 | 452: alt.sex.emacs | |
3570 | 0: comp.talk.emacs.recovery | |
3571 | Misc | |
3572 | 8: comp.binaries.fractals | |
3573 | 13: comp.sources.unix | |
3574 | @end example | |
3575 | ||
3576 | @findex gnus-topic-mode | |
23f87bed | 3577 | @kindex t (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3578 | To get this @emph{fab} functionality you simply turn on (ooh!) the |
3579 | @code{gnus-topic} minor mode---type @kbd{t} in the group buffer. (This | |
3580 | is a toggling command.) | |
3581 | ||
3582 | Go ahead, just try it. I'll still be here when you get back. La de | |
23f87bed MB |
3583 | dum@dots{} Nice tune, that@dots{} la la la@dots{} What, you're back? |
3584 | Yes, and now press @kbd{l}. There. All your groups are now listed | |
3585 | under @samp{misc}. Doesn't that make you feel all warm and fuzzy? | |
3586 | Hot and bothered? | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3587 | |
3588 | If you want this permanently enabled, you should add that minor mode to | |
23f87bed MB |
3589 | the hook for the group mode. Put the following line in your |
3590 | @file{~/.gnus.el} file: | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3591 | |
3592 | @lisp | |
3593 | (add-hook 'gnus-group-mode-hook 'gnus-topic-mode) | |
3594 | @end lisp | |
3595 | ||
3596 | @menu | |
23f87bed MB |
3597 | * Topic Commands:: Interactive E-Z commands. |
3598 | * Topic Variables:: How to customize the topics the Lisp Way. | |
3599 | * Topic Sorting:: Sorting each topic individually. | |
3600 | * Topic Topology:: A map of the world. | |
3601 | * Topic Parameters:: Parameters that apply to all groups in a topic. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3602 | @end menu |
3603 | ||
3604 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
3605 | @node Topic Commands |
3606 | @subsection Topic Commands | |
3607 | @cindex topic commands | |
3608 | ||
3609 | When the topic minor mode is turned on, a new @kbd{T} submap will be | |
3610 | available. In addition, a few of the standard keys change their | |
3611 | definitions slightly. | |
3612 | ||
23f87bed MB |
3613 | In general, the following kinds of operations are possible on topics. |
3614 | First of all, you want to create topics. Secondly, you want to put | |
3615 | groups in topics and to move them around until you have an order you | |
3616 | like. The third kind of operation is to show/hide parts of the whole | |
3617 | shebang. You might want to hide a topic including its subtopics and | |
3618 | groups, to get a better overview of the other groups. | |
3619 | ||
3620 | Here is a list of the basic keys that you might need to set up topics | |
3621 | the way you like. | |
3622 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
3623 | @table @kbd |
3624 | ||
3625 | @item T n | |
3626 | @kindex T n (Topic) | |
3627 | @findex gnus-topic-create-topic | |
3628 | Prompt for a new topic name and create it | |
3629 | (@code{gnus-topic-create-topic}). | |
3630 | ||
23f87bed MB |
3631 | @item T TAB |
3632 | @itemx TAB | |
3633 | @kindex T TAB (Topic) | |
3634 | @kindex TAB (Topic) | |
3635 | @findex gnus-topic-indent | |
3636 | ``Indent'' the current topic so that it becomes a sub-topic of the | |
3637 | previous topic (@code{gnus-topic-indent}). If given a prefix, | |
3638 | ``un-indent'' the topic instead. | |
3639 | ||
3640 | @item M-TAB | |
3641 | @kindex M-TAB (Topic) | |
3642 | @findex gnus-topic-unindent | |
3643 | ``Un-indent'' the current topic so that it becomes a sub-topic of the | |
3644 | parent of its current parent (@code{gnus-topic-unindent}). | |
3645 | ||
3646 | @end table | |
3647 | ||
3648 | The following two keys can be used to move groups and topics around. | |
3649 | They work like the well-known cut and paste. @kbd{C-k} is like cut and | |
3650 | @kbd{C-y} is like paste. Of course, this being Emacs, we use the terms | |
3651 | kill and yank rather than cut and paste. | |
3652 | ||
3653 | @table @kbd | |
3654 | ||
3655 | @item C-k | |
3656 | @kindex C-k (Topic) | |
3657 | @findex gnus-topic-kill-group | |
3658 | Kill a group or topic (@code{gnus-topic-kill-group}). All groups in the | |
3659 | topic will be removed along with the topic. | |
3660 | ||
3661 | @item C-y | |
3662 | @kindex C-y (Topic) | |
3663 | @findex gnus-topic-yank-group | |
3664 | Yank the previously killed group or topic | |
3665 | (@code{gnus-topic-yank-group}). Note that all topics will be yanked | |
3666 | before all groups. | |
3667 | ||
3668 | So, to move a topic to the beginning of the list of topics, just hit | |
3669 | @kbd{C-k} on it. This is like the ``cut'' part of cut and paste. Then, | |
3670 | move the cursor to the beginning of the buffer (just below the ``Gnus'' | |
3671 | topic) and hit @kbd{C-y}. This is like the ``paste'' part of cut and | |
3672 | paste. Like I said -- E-Z. | |
3673 | ||
3674 | You can use @kbd{C-k} and @kbd{C-y} on groups as well as on topics. So | |
3675 | you can move topics around as well as groups. | |
3676 | ||
3677 | @end table | |
3678 | ||
3679 | After setting up the topics the way you like them, you might wish to | |
3680 | hide a topic, or to show it again. That's why we have the following | |
3681 | key. | |
3682 | ||
3683 | @table @kbd | |
3684 | ||
3685 | @item RET | |
3686 | @kindex RET (Topic) | |
3687 | @findex gnus-topic-select-group | |
3688 | @itemx SPACE | |
3689 | Either select a group or fold a topic (@code{gnus-topic-select-group}). | |
3690 | When you perform this command on a group, you'll enter the group, as | |
3691 | usual. When done on a topic line, the topic will be folded (if it was | |
3692 | visible) or unfolded (if it was folded already). So it's basically a | |
3693 | toggling command on topics. In addition, if you give a numerical | |
3694 | prefix, group on that level (and lower) will be displayed. | |
3695 | ||
3696 | @end table | |
3697 | ||
3698 | Now for a list of other commands, in no particular order. | |
3699 | ||
3700 | @table @kbd | |
3701 | ||
3702 | @item T m | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3703 | @kindex T m (Topic) |
3704 | @findex gnus-topic-move-group | |
3705 | Move the current group to some other topic | |
3706 | (@code{gnus-topic-move-group}). This command uses the process/prefix | |
3707 | convention (@pxref{Process/Prefix}). | |
3708 | ||
2625a8f7 GM |
3709 | @item T j |
3710 | @kindex T j (Topic) | |
3711 | @findex gnus-topic-jump-to-topic | |
177c0ea7 | 3712 | Go to a topic (@code{gnus-topic-jump-to-topic}). |
2625a8f7 | 3713 | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3714 | @item T c |
3715 | @kindex T c (Topic) | |
3716 | @findex gnus-topic-copy-group | |
3717 | Copy the current group to some other topic | |
3718 | (@code{gnus-topic-copy-group}). This command uses the process/prefix | |
3719 | convention (@pxref{Process/Prefix}). | |
3720 | ||
2625a8f7 GM |
3721 | @item T h |
3722 | @kindex T h (Topic) | |
3723 | @findex gnus-topic-hide-topic | |
3724 | Hide the current topic (@code{gnus-topic-hide-topic}). If given | |
3725 | a prefix, hide the topic permanently. | |
3726 | ||
3727 | @item T s | |
3728 | @kindex T s (Topic) | |
3729 | @findex gnus-topic-show-topic | |
3730 | Show the current topic (@code{gnus-topic-show-topic}). If given | |
3731 | a prefix, show the topic permanently. | |
3732 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
3733 | @item T D |
3734 | @kindex T D (Topic) | |
3735 | @findex gnus-topic-remove-group | |
3736 | Remove a group from the current topic (@code{gnus-topic-remove-group}). | |
3737 | This command is mainly useful if you have the same group in several | |
3738 | topics and wish to remove it from one of the topics. You may also | |
3739 | remove a group from all topics, but in that case, Gnus will add it to | |
3740 | the root topic the next time you start Gnus. In fact, all new groups | |
3741 | (which, naturally, don't belong to any topic) will show up in the root | |
2625a8f7 | 3742 | topic. |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3743 | |
3744 | This command uses the process/prefix convention | |
3745 | (@pxref{Process/Prefix}). | |
3746 | ||
3747 | @item T M | |
3748 | @kindex T M (Topic) | |
3749 | @findex gnus-topic-move-matching | |
3750 | Move all groups that match some regular expression to a topic | |
3751 | (@code{gnus-topic-move-matching}). | |
3752 | ||
3753 | @item T C | |
3754 | @kindex T C (Topic) | |
3755 | @findex gnus-topic-copy-matching | |
3756 | Copy all groups that match some regular expression to a topic | |
3757 | (@code{gnus-topic-copy-matching}). | |
3758 | ||
3759 | @item T H | |
3760 | @kindex T H (Topic) | |
3761 | @findex gnus-topic-toggle-display-empty-topics | |
3762 | Toggle hiding empty topics | |
3763 | (@code{gnus-topic-toggle-display-empty-topics}). | |
3764 | ||
3765 | @item T # | |
3766 | @kindex T # (Topic) | |
3767 | @findex gnus-topic-mark-topic | |
3768 | Mark all groups in the current topic with the process mark | |
23f87bed MB |
3769 | (@code{gnus-topic-mark-topic}). This command works recursively on |
3770 | sub-topics unless given a prefix. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3771 | |
3772 | @item T M-# | |
3773 | @kindex T M-# (Topic) | |
3774 | @findex gnus-topic-unmark-topic | |
3775 | Remove the process mark from all groups in the current topic | |
23f87bed MB |
3776 | (@code{gnus-topic-unmark-topic}). This command works recursively on |
3777 | sub-topics unless given a prefix. | |
2625a8f7 GM |
3778 | |
3779 | @item C-c C-x | |
3780 | @kindex C-c C-x (Topic) | |
3781 | @findex gnus-topic-expire-articles | |
11e95b02 | 3782 | @cindex expiring mail |
23f87bed MB |
3783 | Run all expirable articles in the current group or topic through the |
3784 | expiry process (if any) | |
3785 | (@code{gnus-topic-expire-articles}). (@pxref{Expiring Mail}). | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3786 | |
3787 | @item T r | |
3788 | @kindex T r (Topic) | |
3789 | @findex gnus-topic-rename | |
3790 | Rename a topic (@code{gnus-topic-rename}). | |
3791 | ||
23f87bed MB |
3792 | @item T DEL |
3793 | @kindex T DEL (Topic) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3794 | @findex gnus-topic-delete |
3795 | Delete an empty topic (@code{gnus-topic-delete}). | |
3796 | ||
3797 | @item A T | |
3798 | @kindex A T (Topic) | |
3799 | @findex gnus-topic-list-active | |
3800 | List all groups that Gnus knows about in a topics-ified way | |
3801 | (@code{gnus-topic-list-active}). | |
3802 | ||
23f87bed MB |
3803 | @item T M-n |
3804 | @kindex T M-n (Topic) | |
3805 | @findex gnus-topic-goto-next-topic | |
3806 | Go to the next topic (@code{gnus-topic-goto-next-topic}). | |
3807 | ||
3808 | @item T M-p | |
3809 | @kindex T M-p (Topic) | |
3810 | @findex gnus-topic-goto-previous-topic | |
3811 | Go to the next topic (@code{gnus-topic-goto-previous-topic}). | |
3812 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
3813 | @item G p |
3814 | @kindex G p (Topic) | |
3815 | @findex gnus-topic-edit-parameters | |
3816 | @cindex group parameters | |
3817 | @cindex topic parameters | |
3818 | @cindex parameters | |
3819 | Edit the topic parameters (@code{gnus-topic-edit-parameters}). | |
3820 | @xref{Topic Parameters}. | |
3821 | ||
3822 | @end table | |
3823 | ||
3824 | ||
23f87bed MB |
3825 | @node Topic Variables |
3826 | @subsection Topic Variables | |
3827 | @cindex topic variables | |
3828 | ||
3829 | The previous section told you how to tell Gnus which topics to display. | |
3830 | This section explains how to tell Gnus what to display about each topic. | |
3831 | ||
3832 | @vindex gnus-topic-line-format | |
3833 | The topic lines themselves are created according to the | |
3834 | @code{gnus-topic-line-format} variable (@pxref{Formatting Variables}). | |
3835 | Valid elements are: | |
3836 | ||
3837 | @table @samp | |
3838 | @item i | |
3839 | Indentation. | |
3840 | @item n | |
3841 | Topic name. | |
3842 | @item v | |
3843 | Visibility. | |
3844 | @item l | |
3845 | Level. | |
3846 | @item g | |
3847 | Number of groups in the topic. | |
3848 | @item a | |
3849 | Number of unread articles in the topic. | |
3850 | @item A | |
3851 | Number of unread articles in the topic and all its subtopics. | |
3852 | @end table | |
3853 | ||
3854 | @vindex gnus-topic-indent-level | |
3855 | Each sub-topic (and the groups in the sub-topics) will be indented with | |
3856 | @code{gnus-topic-indent-level} times the topic level number of spaces. | |
3857 | The default is 2. | |
3858 | ||
3859 | @vindex gnus-topic-mode-hook | |
3860 | @code{gnus-topic-mode-hook} is called in topic minor mode buffers. | |
3861 | ||
3862 | @vindex gnus-topic-display-empty-topics | |
3863 | The @code{gnus-topic-display-empty-topics} says whether to display even | |
3864 | topics that have no unread articles in them. The default is @code{t}. | |
3865 | ||
3866 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
3867 | @node Topic Sorting |
3868 | @subsection Topic Sorting | |
3869 | @cindex topic sorting | |
3870 | ||
3871 | You can sort the groups in each topic individually with the following | |
3872 | commands: | |
3873 | ||
3874 | ||
3875 | @table @kbd | |
3876 | @item T S a | |
3877 | @kindex T S a (Topic) | |
3878 | @findex gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-alphabet | |
3879 | Sort the current topic alphabetically by group name | |
3880 | (@code{gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-alphabet}). | |
3881 | ||
3882 | @item T S u | |
3883 | @kindex T S u (Topic) | |
3884 | @findex gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-unread | |
3885 | Sort the current topic by the number of unread articles | |
3886 | (@code{gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-unread}). | |
3887 | ||
3888 | @item T S l | |
3889 | @kindex T S l (Topic) | |
3890 | @findex gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-level | |
3891 | Sort the current topic by group level | |
3892 | (@code{gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-level}). | |
3893 | ||
3894 | @item T S v | |
3895 | @kindex T S v (Topic) | |
3896 | @findex gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-score | |
3897 | Sort the current topic by group score | |
3898 | (@code{gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-score}). @xref{Group Score}. | |
3899 | ||
3900 | @item T S r | |
3901 | @kindex T S r (Topic) | |
3902 | @findex gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-rank | |
3903 | Sort the current topic by group rank | |
3904 | (@code{gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-rank}). @xref{Group Score}. | |
3905 | ||
3906 | @item T S m | |
3907 | @kindex T S m (Topic) | |
3908 | @findex gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-method | |
a8edc211 | 3909 | Sort the current topic alphabetically by back end name |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3910 | (@code{gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-method}). |
3911 | ||
23f87bed MB |
3912 | @item T S e |
3913 | @kindex T S e (Topic) | |
3914 | @findex gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-server | |
3915 | Sort the current topic alphabetically by server name | |
3916 | (@code{gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-server}). | |
3917 | ||
3918 | @item T S s | |
3919 | @kindex T S s (Topic) | |
3920 | @findex gnus-topic-sort-groups | |
3921 | Sort the current topic according to the function(s) given by the | |
3922 | @code{gnus-group-sort-function} variable | |
3923 | (@code{gnus-topic-sort-groups}). | |
3924 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
3925 | @end table |
3926 | ||
23f87bed MB |
3927 | When given a prefix argument, all these commands will sort in reverse |
3928 | order. @xref{Sorting Groups}, for more information about group | |
3929 | sorting. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3930 | |
3931 | ||
3932 | @node Topic Topology | |
3933 | @subsection Topic Topology | |
3934 | @cindex topic topology | |
3935 | @cindex topology | |
3936 | ||
3937 | So, let's have a look at an example group buffer: | |
3938 | ||
3939 | @example | |
23f87bed | 3940 | @group |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3941 | Gnus |
3942 | Emacs -- I wuw it! | |
3943 | 3: comp.emacs | |
3944 | 2: alt.religion.emacs | |
3945 | Naughty Emacs | |
3946 | 452: alt.sex.emacs | |
3947 | 0: comp.talk.emacs.recovery | |
3948 | Misc | |
3949 | 8: comp.binaries.fractals | |
3950 | 13: comp.sources.unix | |
23f87bed | 3951 | @end group |
6bf7aab6 DL |
3952 | @end example |
3953 | ||
3954 | So, here we have one top-level topic (@samp{Gnus}), two topics under | |
3955 | that, and one sub-topic under one of the sub-topics. (There is always | |
3956 | just one (1) top-level topic). This topology can be expressed as | |
3957 | follows: | |
3958 | ||
3959 | @lisp | |
3960 | (("Gnus" visible) | |
3961 | (("Emacs -- I wuw it!" visible) | |
3962 | (("Naughty Emacs" visible))) | |
3963 | (("Misc" visible))) | |
3964 | @end lisp | |
3965 | ||
3966 | @vindex gnus-topic-topology | |
3967 | This is in fact how the variable @code{gnus-topic-topology} would look | |
3968 | for the display above. That variable is saved in the @file{.newsrc.eld} | |
3969 | file, and shouldn't be messed with manually---unless you really want | |
3970 | to. Since this variable is read from the @file{.newsrc.eld} file, | |
3971 | setting it in any other startup files will have no effect. | |
3972 | ||
3973 | This topology shows what topics are sub-topics of what topics (right), | |
3974 | and which topics are visible. Two settings are currently | |
3975 | allowed---@code{visible} and @code{invisible}. | |
3976 | ||
3977 | ||
3978 | @node Topic Parameters | |
3979 | @subsection Topic Parameters | |
3980 | @cindex topic parameters | |
3981 | ||
23f87bed MB |
3982 | All groups in a topic will inherit group parameters from the parent |
3983 | (and ancestor) topic parameters. All valid group parameters are valid | |
3984 | topic parameters (@pxref{Group Parameters}). When the agent is | |
3985 | enabled, all agent parameters (See Agent Parameters in @ref{Category | |
3986 | Syntax}) are also valid topic parameters. | |
6bf7aab6 | 3987 | |
2625a8f7 GM |
3988 | In addition, the following parameters are only valid as topic |
3989 | parameters: | |
3990 | ||
3991 | @table @code | |
3992 | @item subscribe | |
177c0ea7 JB |
3993 | When subscribing new groups by topic (@pxref{Subscription Methods}), the |
3994 | @code{subscribe} topic parameter says what groups go in what topic. Its | |
2625a8f7 | 3995 | value should be a regexp to match the groups that should go in that |
177c0ea7 | 3996 | topic. |
2625a8f7 | 3997 | |
23f87bed MB |
3998 | @item subscribe-level |
3999 | When subscribing new groups by topic (see the @code{subscribe} parameter), | |
4000 | the group will be subscribed with the level specified in the | |
4001 | @code{subscribe-level} instead of @code{gnus-level-default-subscribed}. | |
4002 | ||
2625a8f7 GM |
4003 | @end table |
4004 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
4005 | Group parameters (of course) override topic parameters, and topic |
4006 | parameters in sub-topics override topic parameters in super-topics. You | |
4007 | know. Normal inheritance rules. (@dfn{Rules} is here a noun, not a | |
4008 | verb, although you may feel free to disagree with me here.) | |
4009 | ||
4010 | @example | |
23f87bed | 4011 | @group |
6bf7aab6 DL |
4012 | Gnus |
4013 | Emacs | |
4014 | 3: comp.emacs | |
4015 | 2: alt.religion.emacs | |
4016 | 452: alt.sex.emacs | |
4017 | Relief | |
4018 | 452: alt.sex.emacs | |
4019 | 0: comp.talk.emacs.recovery | |
4020 | Misc | |
4021 | 8: comp.binaries.fractals | |
4022 | 13: comp.sources.unix | |
4023 | 452: alt.sex.emacs | |
3d80e1a2 | 4024 | @end group |
6bf7aab6 DL |
4025 | @end example |
4026 | ||
4027 | The @samp{Emacs} topic has the topic parameter @code{(score-file | |
4028 | . "emacs.SCORE")}; the @samp{Relief} topic has the topic parameter | |
4029 | @code{(score-file . "relief.SCORE")}; and the @samp{Misc} topic has the | |
4030 | topic parameter @code{(score-file . "emacs.SCORE")}. In addition, | |
4031 | @* @samp{alt.religion.emacs} has the group parameter @code{(score-file | |
4032 | . "religion.SCORE")}. | |
4033 | ||
4034 | Now, when you enter @samp{alt.sex.emacs} in the @samp{Relief} topic, you | |
4035 | will get the @file{relief.SCORE} home score file. If you enter the same | |
4036 | group in the @samp{Emacs} topic, you'll get the @file{emacs.SCORE} home | |
4037 | score file. If you enter the group @samp{alt.religion.emacs}, you'll | |
4038 | get the @file{religion.SCORE} home score file. | |
4039 | ||
4040 | This seems rather simple and self-evident, doesn't it? Well, yes. But | |
4041 | there are some problems, especially with the @code{total-expiry} | |
4042 | parameter. Say you have a mail group in two topics; one with | |
4043 | @code{total-expiry} and one without. What happens when you do @kbd{M-x | |
4044 | gnus-expire-all-expirable-groups}? Gnus has no way of telling which one | |
4045 | of these topics you mean to expire articles from, so anything may | |
4046 | happen. In fact, I hereby declare that it is @dfn{undefined} what | |
4047 | happens. You just have to be careful if you do stuff like that. | |
4048 | ||
4049 | ||
4050 | @node Misc Group Stuff | |
4051 | @section Misc Group Stuff | |
4052 | ||
4053 | @menu | |
23f87bed MB |
4054 | * Scanning New Messages:: Asking Gnus to see whether new messages have arrived. |
4055 | * Group Information:: Information and help on groups and Gnus. | |
4056 | * Group Timestamp:: Making Gnus keep track of when you last read a group. | |
4057 | * File Commands:: Reading and writing the Gnus files. | |
4058 | * Sieve Commands:: Managing Sieve scripts. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
4059 | @end menu |
4060 | ||
4061 | @table @kbd | |
4062 | ||
14e6dc54 MB |
4063 | @item v |
4064 | @kindex v (Group) | |
4065 | @cindex keys, reserved for users (Group) | |
4066 | The key @kbd{v} is reserved for users. You can bind it key to some | |
4067 | function or better use it as a prefix key. For example: | |
4068 | ||
4069 | @lisp | |
4070 | (define-key gnus-group-mode-map (kbd "v j d") | |
4071 | (lambda () | |
4072 | (interactive) | |
4073 | (gnus-group-jump-to-group "nndraft:drafts"))) | |
4074 | @end lisp | |
4075 | ||
4076 | On keys reserved for users in Emacs and on keybindings in general | |
4077 | @xref{Keymaps, Keymaps, , emacs, The Emacs Editor}. | |
4078 | ||
6bf7aab6 | 4079 | @item ^ |
23f87bed | 4080 | @kindex ^ (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
4081 | @findex gnus-group-enter-server-mode |
4082 | Enter the server buffer (@code{gnus-group-enter-server-mode}). | |
23f87bed | 4083 | @xref{Server Buffer}. |
6bf7aab6 DL |
4084 | |
4085 | @item a | |
23f87bed | 4086 | @kindex a (Group) |
6bf7aab6 | 4087 | @findex gnus-group-post-news |
23f87bed MB |
4088 | Start composing a message (a news by default) |
4089 | (@code{gnus-group-post-news}). If given a prefix, post to the group | |
4090 | under the point. If the prefix is 1, prompt for a group to post to. | |
4091 | Contrary to what the name of this function suggests, the prepared | |
4092 | article might be a mail instead of a news, if a mail group is specified | |
4093 | with the prefix argument. @xref{Composing Messages}. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
4094 | |
4095 | @item m | |
23f87bed | 4096 | @kindex m (Group) |
6bf7aab6 | 4097 | @findex gnus-group-mail |
23f87bed MB |
4098 | Mail a message somewhere (@code{gnus-group-mail}). If given a prefix, |
4099 | use the posting style of the group under the point. If the prefix is 1, | |
4100 | prompt for a group name to find the posting style. | |
4101 | @xref{Composing Messages}. | |
4102 | ||
4103 | @item i | |
4104 | @kindex i (Group) | |
4105 | @findex gnus-group-news | |
4106 | Start composing a news (@code{gnus-group-news}). If given a prefix, | |
4107 | post to the group under the point. If the prefix is 1, prompt | |
4108 | for group to post to. @xref{Composing Messages}. | |
4109 | ||
4110 | This function actually prepares a news even when using mail groups. | |
4111 | This is useful for ``posting'' messages to mail groups without actually | |
4112 | sending them over the network: they're just saved directly to the group | |
4113 | in question. The corresponding back end must have a request-post method | |
4114 | for this to work though. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
4115 | |
4116 | @end table | |
4117 | ||
4118 | Variables for the group buffer: | |
4119 | ||
4120 | @table @code | |
4121 | ||
4122 | @item gnus-group-mode-hook | |
4123 | @vindex gnus-group-mode-hook | |
4124 | is called after the group buffer has been | |
4125 | created. | |
4126 | ||
4127 | @item gnus-group-prepare-hook | |
4128 | @vindex gnus-group-prepare-hook | |
4129 | is called after the group buffer is | |
4130 | generated. It may be used to modify the buffer in some strange, | |
4131 | unnatural way. | |
4132 | ||
4133 | @item gnus-group-prepared-hook | |
4134 | @vindex gnus-group-prepare-hook | |
4135 | is called as the very last thing after the group buffer has been | |
4136 | generated. It may be used to move point around, for instance. | |
4137 | ||
4138 | @item gnus-permanently-visible-groups | |
4139 | @vindex gnus-permanently-visible-groups | |
4140 | Groups matching this regexp will always be listed in the group buffer, | |
4141 | whether they are empty or not. | |
4142 | ||
2625a8f7 GM |
4143 | @item gnus-group-name-charset-method-alist |
4144 | @vindex gnus-group-name-charset-method-alist | |
23f87bed MB |
4145 | An alist of method and the charset for group names. It is used to show |
4146 | non-@acronym{ASCII} group names. | |
6bf7aab6 | 4147 | |
2625a8f7 GM |
4148 | For example: |
4149 | @lisp | |
4150 | (setq gnus-group-name-charset-method-alist | |
4151 | '(((nntp "news.com.cn") . cn-gb-2312))) | |
4152 | @end lisp | |
4153 | ||
4154 | @item gnus-group-name-charset-group-alist | |
23f87bed | 4155 | @cindex UTF-8 group names |
2625a8f7 | 4156 | @vindex gnus-group-name-charset-group-alist |
23f87bed MB |
4157 | An alist of regexp of group name and the charset for group names. It |
4158 | is used to show non-@acronym{ASCII} group names. @code{((".*" | |
4159 | utf-8))} is the default value if UTF-8 is supported, otherwise the | |
4160 | default is @code{nil}. | |
2625a8f7 GM |
4161 | |
4162 | For example: | |
4163 | @lisp | |
4164 | (setq gnus-group-name-charset-group-alist | |
4165 | '(("\\.com\\.cn:" . cn-gb-2312))) | |
4166 | @end lisp | |
4167 | ||
4168 | @end table | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
4169 | |
4170 | @node Scanning New Messages | |
4171 | @subsection Scanning New Messages | |
4172 | @cindex new messages | |
4173 | @cindex scanning new news | |
4174 | ||
4175 | @table @kbd | |
4176 | ||
4177 | @item g | |
23f87bed | 4178 | @kindex g (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
4179 | @findex gnus-group-get-new-news |
4180 | @c @icon{gnus-group-get-new-news} | |
4181 | Check the server(s) for new articles. If the numerical prefix is used, | |
4182 | this command will check only groups of level @var{arg} and lower | |
4183 | (@code{gnus-group-get-new-news}). If given a non-numerical prefix, this | |
4184 | command will force a total re-reading of the active file(s) from the | |
a8edc211 | 4185 | back end(s). |
6bf7aab6 DL |
4186 | |
4187 | @item M-g | |
23f87bed | 4188 | @kindex M-g (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
4189 | @findex gnus-group-get-new-news-this-group |
4190 | @vindex gnus-goto-next-group-when-activating | |
4191 | @c @icon{gnus-group-get-new-news-this-group} | |
4192 | Check whether new articles have arrived in the current group | |
4193 | (@code{gnus-group-get-new-news-this-group}). | |
4194 | @code{gnus-goto-next-group-when-activating} says whether this command is | |
4195 | to move point to the next group or not. It is @code{t} by default. | |
4196 | ||
4197 | @findex gnus-activate-all-groups | |
4198 | @cindex activating groups | |
4199 | @item C-c M-g | |
23f87bed | 4200 | @kindex C-c M-g (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
4201 | Activate absolutely all groups (@code{gnus-activate-all-groups}). |
4202 | ||
4203 | @item R | |
23f87bed | 4204 | @kindex R (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
4205 | @cindex restarting |
4206 | @findex gnus-group-restart | |
4207 | Restart Gnus (@code{gnus-group-restart}). This saves the @file{.newsrc} | |
4208 | file(s), closes the connection to all servers, clears up all run-time | |
4209 | Gnus variables, and then starts Gnus all over again. | |
4210 | ||
4211 | @end table | |
4212 | ||
4213 | @vindex gnus-get-new-news-hook | |
4214 | @code{gnus-get-new-news-hook} is run just before checking for new news. | |
4215 | ||
4216 | @vindex gnus-after-getting-new-news-hook | |
4217 | @code{gnus-after-getting-new-news-hook} is run after checking for new | |
4218 | news. | |
4219 | ||
4220 | ||
4221 | @node Group Information | |
4222 | @subsection Group Information | |
4223 | @cindex group information | |
4224 | @cindex information on groups | |
4225 | ||
4226 | @table @kbd | |
4227 | ||
4228 | ||
4229 | @item H f | |
23f87bed | 4230 | @kindex H f (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
4231 | @findex gnus-group-fetch-faq |
4232 | @vindex gnus-group-faq-directory | |
4233 | @cindex FAQ | |
4234 | @cindex ange-ftp | |
23f87bed MB |
4235 | Try to fetch the @acronym{FAQ} for the current group |
4236 | (@code{gnus-group-fetch-faq}). Gnus will try to get the @acronym{FAQ} | |
4237 | from @code{gnus-group-faq-directory}, which is usually a directory on | |
4238 | a remote machine. This variable can also be a list of directories. | |
4239 | In that case, giving a prefix to this command will allow you to choose | |
4240 | between the various sites. @code{ange-ftp} (or @code{efs}) will be | |
4241 | used for fetching the file. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
4242 | |
4243 | If fetching from the first site is unsuccessful, Gnus will attempt to go | |
4244 | through @code{gnus-group-faq-directory} and try to open them one by one. | |
4245 | ||
23f87bed MB |
4246 | @item H c |
4247 | @kindex H c (Group) | |
4248 | @findex gnus-group-fetch-charter | |
4249 | @vindex gnus-group-charter-alist | |
4250 | @cindex charter | |
4251 | Try to open the charter for the current group in a web browser | |
4252 | (@code{gnus-group-fetch-charter}). Query for a group if given a | |
4253 | prefix argument. | |
4254 | ||
4255 | Gnus will use @code{gnus-group-charter-alist} to find the location of | |
4256 | the charter. If no location is known, Gnus will fetch the control | |
4257 | messages for the group, which in some cases includes the charter. | |
4258 | ||
4259 | @item H C | |
4260 | @kindex H C (Group) | |
4261 | @findex gnus-group-fetch-control | |
4262 | @vindex gnus-group-fetch-control-use-browse-url | |
4263 | @cindex control message | |
4264 | Fetch the control messages for the group from the archive at | |
4265 | @code{ftp.isc.org} (@code{gnus-group-fetch-control}). Query for a | |
4266 | group if given a prefix argument. | |
4267 | ||
4268 | If @code{gnus-group-fetch-control-use-browse-url} is non-@code{nil}, | |
4269 | Gnus will open the control messages in a browser using | |
4270 | @code{browse-url}. Otherwise they are fetched using @code{ange-ftp} | |
4271 | and displayed in an ephemeral group. | |
4272 | ||
4273 | Note that the control messages are compressed. To use this command | |
4274 | you need to turn on @code{auto-compression-mode} (@pxref{Compressed | |
4275 | Files, ,Compressed Files, emacs, The Emacs Manual}). | |
4276 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
4277 | @item H d |
4278 | @itemx C-c C-d | |
4279 | @c @icon{gnus-group-describe-group} | |
23f87bed MB |
4280 | @kindex H d (Group) |
4281 | @kindex C-c C-d (Group) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
4282 | @cindex describing groups |
4283 | @cindex group description | |
4284 | @findex gnus-group-describe-group | |
4285 | Describe the current group (@code{gnus-group-describe-group}). If given | |
4286 | a prefix, force Gnus to re-read the description from the server. | |
4287 | ||
4288 | @item M-d | |
23f87bed | 4289 | @kindex M-d (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
4290 | @findex gnus-group-describe-all-groups |
4291 | Describe all groups (@code{gnus-group-describe-all-groups}). If given a | |
4292 | prefix, force Gnus to re-read the description file from the server. | |
4293 | ||
4294 | @item H v | |
4295 | @itemx V | |
23f87bed MB |
4296 | @kindex V (Group) |
4297 | @kindex H v (Group) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
4298 | @cindex version |
4299 | @findex gnus-version | |
4300 | Display current Gnus version numbers (@code{gnus-version}). | |
4301 | ||
4302 | @item ? | |
23f87bed | 4303 | @kindex ? (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
4304 | @findex gnus-group-describe-briefly |
4305 | Give a very short help message (@code{gnus-group-describe-briefly}). | |
4306 | ||
4307 | @item C-c C-i | |
23f87bed | 4308 | @kindex C-c C-i (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
4309 | @cindex info |
4310 | @cindex manual | |
4311 | @findex gnus-info-find-node | |
4312 | Go to the Gnus info node (@code{gnus-info-find-node}). | |
4313 | @end table | |
4314 | ||
4315 | ||
4316 | @node Group Timestamp | |
4317 | @subsection Group Timestamp | |
4318 | @cindex timestamps | |
4319 | @cindex group timestamps | |
4320 | ||
4321 | It can be convenient to let Gnus keep track of when you last read a | |
4322 | group. To set the ball rolling, you should add | |
4323 | @code{gnus-group-set-timestamp} to @code{gnus-select-group-hook}: | |
4324 | ||
4325 | @lisp | |
4326 | (add-hook 'gnus-select-group-hook 'gnus-group-set-timestamp) | |
4327 | @end lisp | |
4328 | ||
4329 | After doing this, each time you enter a group, it'll be recorded. | |
4330 | ||
4331 | This information can be displayed in various ways---the easiest is to | |
4332 | use the @samp{%d} spec in the group line format: | |
4333 | ||
4334 | @lisp | |
4335 | (setq gnus-group-line-format | |
4336 | "%M\%S\%p\%P\%5y: %(%-40,40g%) %d\n") | |
4337 | @end lisp | |
4338 | ||
4339 | This will result in lines looking like: | |
4340 | ||
4341 | @example | |
4342 | * 0: mail.ding 19961002T012943 | |
4343 | 0: custom 19961002T012713 | |
4344 | @end example | |
4345 | ||
4346 | As you can see, the date is displayed in compact ISO 8601 format. This | |
4347 | may be a bit too much, so to just display the date, you could say | |
4348 | something like: | |
4349 | ||
4350 | @lisp | |
4351 | (setq gnus-group-line-format | |
4352 | "%M\%S\%p\%P\%5y: %(%-40,40g%) %6,6~(cut 2)d\n") | |
4353 | @end lisp | |
4354 | ||
23f87bed MB |
4355 | If you would like greater control of the time format, you can use a |
4356 | user-defined format spec. Something like the following should do the | |
4357 | trick: | |
4358 | ||
4359 | @lisp | |
4360 | (setq gnus-group-line-format | |
4361 | "%M\%S\%p\%P\%5y: %(%-40,40g%) %ud\n") | |
4362 | (defun gnus-user-format-function-d (headers) | |
4363 | (let ((time (gnus-group-timestamp gnus-tmp-group))) | |
4364 | (if time | |
4365 | (format-time-string "%b %d %H:%M" time) | |
4366 | ""))) | |
4367 | @end lisp | |
4368 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
4369 | |
4370 | @node File Commands | |
4371 | @subsection File Commands | |
4372 | @cindex file commands | |
4373 | ||
4374 | @table @kbd | |
4375 | ||
4376 | @item r | |
23f87bed | 4377 | @kindex r (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
4378 | @findex gnus-group-read-init-file |
4379 | @vindex gnus-init-file | |
4380 | @cindex reading init file | |
4381 | Re-read the init file (@code{gnus-init-file}, which defaults to | |
23f87bed | 4382 | @file{~/.gnus.el}) (@code{gnus-group-read-init-file}). |
6bf7aab6 DL |
4383 | |
4384 | @item s | |
23f87bed | 4385 | @kindex s (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
4386 | @findex gnus-group-save-newsrc |
4387 | @cindex saving .newsrc | |
4388 | Save the @file{.newsrc.eld} file (and @file{.newsrc} if wanted) | |
4389 | (@code{gnus-group-save-newsrc}). If given a prefix, force saving the | |
4390 | file(s) whether Gnus thinks it is necessary or not. | |
4391 | ||
4392 | @c @item Z | |
23f87bed | 4393 | @c @kindex Z (Group) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
4394 | @c @findex gnus-group-clear-dribble |
4395 | @c Clear the dribble buffer (@code{gnus-group-clear-dribble}). | |
4396 | ||
4397 | @end table | |
4398 | ||
4399 | ||
23f87bed MB |
4400 | @node Sieve Commands |
4401 | @subsection Sieve Commands | |
4402 | @cindex group sieve commands | |
4403 | ||
4404 | Sieve is a server-side mail filtering language. In Gnus you can use | |
4405 | the @code{sieve} group parameter (@pxref{Group Parameters}) to specify | |
4406 | sieve rules that should apply to each group. Gnus provides two | |
4407 | commands to translate all these group parameters into a proper Sieve | |
4408 | script that can be transfered to the server somehow. | |
4409 | ||
4410 | @vindex gnus-sieve-file | |
4411 | @vindex gnus-sieve-region-start | |
4412 | @vindex gnus-sieve-region-end | |
4413 | The generated Sieve script is placed in @code{gnus-sieve-file} (by | |
4414 | default @file{~/.sieve}). The Sieve code that Gnus generate is placed | |
4415 | between two delimiters, @code{gnus-sieve-region-start} and | |
4416 | @code{gnus-sieve-region-end}, so you may write additional Sieve code | |
4417 | outside these delimiters that will not be removed the next time you | |
4418 | regenerate the Sieve script. | |
4419 | ||
4420 | @vindex gnus-sieve-crosspost | |
4421 | The variable @code{gnus-sieve-crosspost} controls how the Sieve script | |
4422 | is generated. If it is non-@code{nil} (the default) articles is | |
4423 | placed in all groups that have matching rules, otherwise the article | |
4424 | is only placed in the group with the first matching rule. For | |
4425 | example, the group parameter @samp{(sieve address "sender" | |
4426 | "owner-ding@@hpc.uh.edu")} will generate the following piece of Sieve | |
4427 | code if @code{gnus-sieve-crosspost} is @code{nil}. (When | |
4428 | @code{gnus-sieve-crosspost} is non-@code{nil}, it looks the same | |
4429 | except that the line containing the call to @code{stop} is removed.) | |
4430 | ||
4431 | @example | |
4432 | if address "sender" "owner-ding@@hpc.uh.edu" @{ | |
4433 | fileinto "INBOX.ding"; | |
4434 | stop; | |
4435 | @} | |
4436 | @end example | |
4437 | ||
4438 | @xref{Top, Emacs Sieve, Top, sieve, Emacs Sieve}. | |
4439 | ||
4440 | @table @kbd | |
4441 | ||
4442 | @item D g | |
4443 | @kindex D g (Group) | |
4444 | @findex gnus-sieve-generate | |
4445 | @vindex gnus-sieve-file | |
4446 | @cindex generating sieve script | |
4447 | Regenerate a Sieve script from the @code{sieve} group parameters and | |
4448 | put you into the @code{gnus-sieve-file} without saving it. | |
4449 | ||
4450 | @item D u | |
4451 | @kindex D u (Group) | |
4452 | @findex gnus-sieve-update | |
4453 | @vindex gnus-sieve-file | |
4454 | @cindex updating sieve script | |
4455 | Regenerates the Gnus managed part of @code{gnus-sieve-file} using the | |
4456 | @code{sieve} group parameters, save the file and upload it to the | |
4457 | server using the @code{sieveshell} program. | |
4458 | ||
4459 | @end table | |
4460 | ||
4461 | ||
4462 | @node Summary Buffer | |
4463 | @chapter Summary Buffer | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
4464 | @cindex summary buffer |
4465 | ||
4466 | A line for each article is displayed in the summary buffer. You can | |
4467 | move around, read articles, post articles and reply to articles. | |
4468 | ||
4469 | The most common way to a summary buffer is to select a group from the | |
4470 | group buffer (@pxref{Selecting a Group}). | |
4471 | ||
4472 | You can have as many summary buffers open as you wish. | |
4473 | ||
715488f1 MB |
4474 | You can customize the Summary Mode tool bar, see @kbd{M-x |
4475 | customize-apropos RET gnus-summary-tool-bar}. This feature is only | |
4476 | available in Emacs. | |
4477 | ||
14e6dc54 MB |
4478 | @kindex v (Summary) |
4479 | @cindex keys, reserved for users (Summary) | |
4480 | The key @kbd{v} is reserved for users. You can bind it key to some | |
4481 | function or better use it as a prefix key. For example: | |
4482 | @lisp | |
4483 | (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map (kbd "v -") "LrS") ;; lower subthread | |
4484 | @end lisp | |
4485 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
4486 | @menu |
4487 | * Summary Buffer Format:: Deciding how the summary buffer is to look. | |
4488 | * Summary Maneuvering:: Moving around the summary buffer. | |
4489 | * Choosing Articles:: Reading articles. | |
4490 | * Paging the Article:: Scrolling the current article. | |
4491 | * Reply Followup and Post:: Posting articles. | |
23f87bed | 4492 | * Delayed Articles:: Send articles at a later time. |
6bf7aab6 DL |
4493 | * Marking Articles:: Marking articles as read, expirable, etc. |
4494 | * Limiting:: You can limit the summary buffer. | |
4495 | * Threading:: How threads are made. | |
23f87bed | 4496 | * Sorting the Summary Buffer:: How articles and threads are sorted. |
6bf7aab6 DL |
4497 | * Asynchronous Fetching:: Gnus might be able to pre-fetch articles. |
4498 | * Article Caching:: You may store articles in a cache. | |
4499 | * Persistent Articles:: Making articles expiry-resistant. | |
4500 | * Article Backlog:: Having already read articles hang around. | |
4501 | * Saving Articles:: Ways of customizing article saving. | |
4502 | * Decoding Articles:: Gnus can treat series of (uu)encoded articles. | |
4503 | * Article Treatment:: The article buffer can be mangled at will. | |
2625a8f7 GM |
4504 | * MIME Commands:: Doing MIMEy things with the articles. |
4505 | * Charsets:: Character set issues. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
4506 | * Article Commands:: Doing various things with the article buffer. |
4507 | * Summary Sorting:: Sorting the summary buffer in various ways. | |
4508 | * Finding the Parent:: No child support? Get the parent. | |
4509 | * Alternative Approaches:: Reading using non-default summaries. | |
4510 | * Tree Display:: A more visual display of threads. | |
4511 | * Mail Group Commands:: Some commands can only be used in mail groups. | |
4512 | * Various Summary Stuff:: What didn't fit anywhere else. | |
dda5808a DL |
4513 | * Exiting the Summary Buffer:: Returning to the Group buffer, |
4514 | or reselecting the current group. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
4515 | * Crosspost Handling:: How crossposted articles are dealt with. |
4516 | * Duplicate Suppression:: An alternative when crosspost handling fails. | |
23f87bed MB |
4517 | * Security:: Decrypt and Verify. |
4518 | * Mailing List:: Mailing list minor mode. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
4519 | @end menu |
4520 | ||
4521 | ||
4522 | @node Summary Buffer Format | |
4523 | @section Summary Buffer Format | |
4524 | @cindex summary buffer format | |
4525 | ||
2625a8f7 GM |
4526 | @iftex |
4527 | @iflatex | |
4528 | \gnusfigure{The Summary Buffer}{180}{ | |
23f87bed MB |
4529 | \put(0,0){\epsfig{figure=ps/summary,width=7.5cm}} |
4530 | \put(445,0){\makebox(0,0)[br]{\epsfig{figure=ps/summary-article,width=7.5cm}}} | |
2625a8f7 GM |
4531 | } |
4532 | @end iflatex | |
4533 | @end iftex | |
4534 | ||
6bf7aab6 | 4535 | @menu |
23f87bed MB |
4536 | * Summary Buffer Lines:: You can specify how summary lines should look. |
4537 | * To From Newsgroups:: How to not display your own name. | |
4538 | * Summary Buffer Mode Line:: You can say how the mode line should look. | |
4539 | * Summary Highlighting:: Making the summary buffer all pretty and nice. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
4540 | @end menu |
4541 | ||
4542 | @findex mail-extract-address-components | |
4543 | @findex gnus-extract-address-components | |
4544 | @vindex gnus-extract-address-components | |
4545 | Gnus will use the value of the @code{gnus-extract-address-components} | |
4546 | variable as a function for getting the name and address parts of a | |
4547 | @code{From} header. Two pre-defined functions exist: | |
4548 | @code{gnus-extract-address-components}, which is the default, quite | |
4549 | fast, and too simplistic solution; and | |
4550 | @code{mail-extract-address-components}, which works very nicely, but is | |
4551 | slower. The default function will return the wrong answer in 5% of the | |
2625a8f7 GM |
4552 | cases. If this is unacceptable to you, use the other function instead: |
4553 | ||
4554 | @lisp | |
4555 | (setq gnus-extract-address-components | |
4556 | 'mail-extract-address-components) | |
4557 | @end lisp | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
4558 | |
4559 | @vindex gnus-summary-same-subject | |
4560 | @code{gnus-summary-same-subject} is a string indicating that the current | |
4561 | article has the same subject as the previous. This string will be used | |
4562 | with those specs that require it. The default is @code{""}. | |
4563 | ||
4564 | ||
4565 | @node Summary Buffer Lines | |
4566 | @subsection Summary Buffer Lines | |
4567 | ||
4568 | @vindex gnus-summary-line-format | |
4569 | You can change the format of the lines in the summary buffer by changing | |
4570 | the @code{gnus-summary-line-format} variable. It works along the same | |
4571 | lines as a normal @code{format} string, with some extensions | |
4572 | (@pxref{Formatting Variables}). | |
4573 | ||
23f87bed MB |
4574 | There should always be a colon or a point position marker on the line; |
4575 | the cursor always moves to the point position marker or the colon after | |
4576 | performing an operation. (Of course, Gnus wouldn't be Gnus if it wasn't | |
4577 | possible to change this. Just write a new function | |
4578 | @code{gnus-goto-colon} which does whatever you like with the cursor.) | |
4579 | @xref{Positioning Point}. | |
4580 | ||
4581 | The default string is @samp{%U%R%z%I%(%[%4L: %-23,23f%]%) %s\n}. | |
6bf7aab6 | 4582 | |
23f87bed MB |
4583 | The following format specification characters and extended format |
4584 | specification(s) are understood: | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
4585 | |
4586 | @table @samp | |
4587 | @item N | |
4588 | Article number. | |
4589 | @item S | |
2625a8f7 | 4590 | Subject string. List identifiers stripped, |
827dc73d | 4591 | @code{gnus-list-identifiers}. @xref{Article Hiding}. |
6bf7aab6 DL |
4592 | @item s |
4593 | Subject if the article is the root of the thread or the previous article | |
4594 | had a different subject, @code{gnus-summary-same-subject} otherwise. | |
4595 | (@code{gnus-summary-same-subject} defaults to @code{""}.) | |
4596 | @item F | |
4597 | Full @code{From} header. | |
4598 | @item n | |
4599 | The name (from the @code{From} header). | |
2625a8f7 | 4600 | @item f |
23f87bed MB |
4601 | The name, @code{To} header or the @code{Newsgroups} header (@pxref{To |
4602 | From Newsgroups}). | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
4603 | @item a |
4604 | The name (from the @code{From} header). This differs from the @code{n} | |
4605 | spec in that it uses the function designated by the | |
4606 | @code{gnus-extract-address-components} variable, which is slower, but | |
4607 | may be more thorough. | |
4608 | @item A | |
4609 | The address (from the @code{From} header). This works the same way as | |
4610 | the @code{a} spec. | |
4611 | @item L | |
4612 | Number of lines in the article. | |
4613 | @item c | |
23f87bed MB |
4614 | Number of characters in the article. This specifier is not supported |
4615 | in some methods (like nnfolder). | |
4616 | @item k | |
4617 | Pretty-printed version of the number of characters in the article; | |
4618 | for example, @samp{1.2k} or @samp{0.4M}. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
4619 | @item I |
4620 | Indentation based on thread level (@pxref{Customizing Threading}). | |
23f87bed MB |
4621 | @item B |
4622 | A complex trn-style thread tree, showing response-connecting trace | |
4623 | lines. A thread could be drawn like this: | |
4624 | ||
4625 | @example | |
4626 | > | |
4627 | +-> | |
4628 | | +-> | |
4629 | | | \-> | |
4630 | | | \-> | |
4631 | | \-> | |
4632 | +-> | |
4633 | \-> | |
4634 | @end example | |
4635 | ||
4636 | You can customize the appearance with the following options. Note | |
4637 | that it is possible to make the thread display look really neat by | |
4638 | replacing the default @acronym{ASCII} characters with graphic | |
4639 | line-drawing glyphs. | |
4640 | @table @code | |
4641 | @item gnus-sum-thread-tree-root | |
4642 | @vindex gnus-sum-thread-tree-root | |
4643 | Used for the root of a thread. If @code{nil}, use subject | |
4644 | instead. The default is @samp{> }. | |
4645 | ||
4646 | @item gnus-sum-thread-tree-false-root | |
4647 | @vindex gnus-sum-thread-tree-false-root | |
4648 | Used for the false root of a thread (@pxref{Loose Threads}). If | |
4649 | @code{nil}, use subject instead. The default is @samp{> }. | |
4650 | ||
4651 | @item gnus-sum-thread-tree-single-indent | |
4652 | @vindex gnus-sum-thread-tree-single-indent | |
4653 | Used for a thread with just one message. If @code{nil}, use subject | |
4654 | instead. The default is @samp{}. | |
4655 | ||
4656 | @item gnus-sum-thread-tree-vertical | |
4657 | @vindex gnus-sum-thread-tree-vertical | |
4658 | Used for drawing a vertical line. The default is @samp{| }. | |
4659 | ||
4660 | @item gnus-sum-thread-tree-indent | |
4661 | @vindex gnus-sum-thread-tree-indent | |
4662 | Used for indenting. The default is @samp{ }. | |
4663 | ||
4664 | @item gnus-sum-thread-tree-leaf-with-other | |
4665 | @vindex gnus-sum-thread-tree-leaf-with-other | |
4666 | Used for a leaf with brothers. The default is @samp{+-> }. | |
4667 | ||
4668 | @item gnus-sum-thread-tree-single-leaf | |
4669 | @vindex gnus-sum-thread-tree-single-leaf | |
4670 | Used for a leaf without brothers. The default is @samp{\-> } | |
4671 | ||
4672 | @end table | |
4673 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
4674 | @item T |
4675 | Nothing if the article is a root and lots of spaces if it isn't (it | |
4676 | pushes everything after it off the screen). | |
4677 | @item [ | |
4678 | Opening bracket, which is normally @samp{[}, but can also be @samp{<} | |
4679 | for adopted articles (@pxref{Customizing Threading}). | |
4680 | @item ] | |
4681 | Closing bracket, which is normally @samp{]}, but can also be @samp{>} | |
4682 | for adopted articles. | |
4683 | @item > | |
4684 | One space for each thread level. | |
4685 | @item < | |
4686 | Twenty minus thread level spaces. | |
4687 | @item U | |
23f87bed | 4688 | Unread. @xref{Read Articles}. |
6bf7aab6 DL |
4689 | |
4690 | @item R | |
4691 | This misleadingly named specifier is the @dfn{secondary mark}. This | |
4692 | mark will say whether the article has been replied to, has been cached, | |
23f87bed | 4693 | or has been saved. @xref{Other Marks}. |
6bf7aab6 DL |
4694 | |
4695 | @item i | |
4696 | Score as a number (@pxref{Scoring}). | |
4697 | @item z | |
4698 | @vindex gnus-summary-zcore-fuzz | |
4699 | Zcore, @samp{+} if above the default level and @samp{-} if below the | |
4700 | default level. If the difference between | |
4701 | @code{gnus-summary-default-score} and the score is less than | |
4702 | @code{gnus-summary-zcore-fuzz}, this spec will not be used. | |
4703 | @item V | |
4704 | Total thread score. | |
4705 | @item x | |
4706 | @code{Xref}. | |
4707 | @item D | |
4708 | @code{Date}. | |
4709 | @item d | |
4710 | The @code{Date} in @code{DD-MMM} format. | |
4711 | @item o | |
4712 | The @code{Date} in @var{YYYYMMDD}@code{T}@var{HHMMSS} format. | |
4713 | @item M | |
4714 | @code{Message-ID}. | |
4715 | @item r | |
4716 | @code{References}. | |
4717 | @item t | |
4718 | Number of articles in the current sub-thread. Using this spec will slow | |
4719 | down summary buffer generation somewhat. | |
4720 | @item e | |
4721 | An @samp{=} (@code{gnus-not-empty-thread-mark}) will be displayed if the | |
4722 | article has any children. | |
4723 | @item P | |
4724 | The line number. | |
4725 | @item O | |
4726 | Download mark. | |
1b155fbd MB |
4727 | @item * |
4728 | Desired cursor position (instead of after first colon). | |
23f87bed MB |
4729 | @item &user-date; |
4730 | Age sensitive date format. Various date format is defined in | |
4731 | @code{gnus-user-date-format-alist}. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
4732 | @item u |
4733 | User defined specifier. The next character in the format string should | |
4734 | be a letter. Gnus will call the function | |
23f87bed | 4735 | @code{gnus-user-format-function-@var{x}}, where @var{x} is the letter |
6bf7aab6 DL |
4736 | following @samp{%u}. The function will be passed the current header as |
4737 | argument. The function should return a string, which will be inserted | |
4738 | into the summary just like information from any other summary specifier. | |
4739 | @end table | |
4740 | ||
23f87bed MB |
4741 | Text between @samp{%(} and @samp{%)} will be highlighted with |
4742 | @code{gnus-mouse-face} when the mouse point is placed inside the area. | |
4743 | There can only be one such area. | |
4744 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
4745 | The @samp{%U} (status), @samp{%R} (replied) and @samp{%z} (zcore) specs |
4746 | have to be handled with care. For reasons of efficiency, Gnus will | |
4747 | compute what column these characters will end up in, and ``hard-code'' | |
4748 | that. This means that it is invalid to have these specs after a | |
4749 | variable-length spec. Well, you might not be arrested, but your summary | |
4750 | buffer will look strange, which is bad enough. | |
4751 | ||
4752 | The smart choice is to have these specs as far to the left as possible. | |
4753 | (Isn't that the case with everything, though? But I digress.) | |
4754 | ||
4755 | This restriction may disappear in later versions of Gnus. | |
4756 | ||
4757 | ||
2625a8f7 GM |
4758 | @node To From Newsgroups |
4759 | @subsection To From Newsgroups | |
4760 | @cindex To | |
4761 | @cindex Newsgroups | |
4762 | ||
4763 | In some groups (particularly in archive groups), the @code{From} header | |
4764 | isn't very interesting, since all the articles there are written by | |
4765 | you. To display the information in the @code{To} or @code{Newsgroups} | |
4766 | headers instead, you need to decide three things: What information to | |
4767 | gather; where to display it; and when to display it. | |
4768 | ||
4769 | @enumerate | |
4770 | @item | |
4771 | @vindex gnus-extra-headers | |
4772 | The reading of extra header information is controlled by the | |
4773 | @code{gnus-extra-headers}. This is a list of header symbols. For | |
4774 | instance: | |
4775 | ||
4776 | @lisp | |
4777 | (setq gnus-extra-headers | |
4778 | '(To Newsgroups X-Newsreader)) | |
4779 | @end lisp | |
4780 | ||
4781 | This will result in Gnus trying to obtain these three headers, and | |
4782 | storing it in header structures for later easy retrieval. | |
4783 | ||
4784 | @item | |
4785 | @findex gnus-extra-header | |
4786 | The value of these extra headers can be accessed via the | |
4787 | @code{gnus-extra-header} function. Here's a format line spec that will | |
4788 | access the @code{X-Newsreader} header: | |
4789 | ||
4790 | @example | |
4791 | "%~(form (gnus-extra-header 'X-Newsreader))@@" | |
4792 | @end example | |
4793 | ||
4794 | @item | |
4795 | @vindex gnus-ignored-from-addresses | |
4796 | The @code{gnus-ignored-from-addresses} variable says when the @samp{%f} | |
4797 | summary line spec returns the @code{To}, @code{Newsreader} or | |
4798 | @code{From} header. If this regexp matches the contents of the | |
4799 | @code{From} header, the value of the @code{To} or @code{Newsreader} | |
4800 | headers are used instead. | |
4801 | ||
4802 | @end enumerate | |
4803 | ||
4804 | @vindex nnmail-extra-headers | |
4805 | A related variable is @code{nnmail-extra-headers}, which controls when | |
23f87bed MB |
4806 | to include extra headers when generating overview (@acronym{NOV}) files. |
4807 | If you have old overview files, you should regenerate them after | |
4808 | changing this variable, by entering the server buffer using @kbd{^}, | |
4809 | and then @kbd{g} on the appropriate mail server (e.g. nnml) to cause | |
4810 | regeneration. | |
2625a8f7 GM |
4811 | |
4812 | @vindex gnus-summary-line-format | |
4813 | You also have to instruct Gnus to display the data by changing the | |
4814 | @code{%n} spec to the @code{%f} spec in the | |
4815 | @code{gnus-summary-line-format} variable. | |
4816 | ||
23f87bed MB |
4817 | In summary, you'd typically put something like the following in |
4818 | @file{~/.gnus.el}: | |
2625a8f7 GM |
4819 | |
4820 | @lisp | |
4821 | (setq gnus-extra-headers | |
4822 | '(To Newsgroups)) | |
4823 | (setq nnmail-extra-headers gnus-extra-headers) | |
4824 | (setq gnus-summary-line-format | |
23f87bed | 4825 | "%U%R%z%I%(%[%4L: %-23,23f%]%) %s\n") |
2625a8f7 GM |
4826 | (setq gnus-ignored-from-addresses |
4827 | "Your Name Here") | |
4828 | @end lisp | |
4829 | ||
23f87bed MB |
4830 | (The values listed above are the default values in Gnus. Alter them |
4831 | to fit your needs.) | |
4832 | ||
4833 | A note for news server administrators, or for users who wish to try to | |
4834 | convince their news server administrator to provide some additional | |
4835 | support: | |
4836 | ||
4837 | The above is mostly useful for mail groups, where you have control over | |
4838 | the @acronym{NOV} files that are created. However, if you can persuade your | |
4839 | nntp admin to add (in the usual implementation, notably INN): | |
2625a8f7 GM |
4840 | |
4841 | @example | |
4842 | Newsgroups:full | |
4843 | @end example | |
4844 | ||
4845 | to the end of her @file{overview.fmt} file, then you can use that just | |
4846 | as you would the extra headers from the mail groups. | |
4847 | ||
4848 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
4849 | @node Summary Buffer Mode Line |
4850 | @subsection Summary Buffer Mode Line | |
4851 | ||
4852 | @vindex gnus-summary-mode-line-format | |
4853 | You can also change the format of the summary mode bar (@pxref{Mode Line | |
4854 | Formatting}). Set @code{gnus-summary-mode-line-format} to whatever you | |
4855 | like. The default is @samp{Gnus: %%b [%A] %Z}. | |
4856 | ||
4857 | Here are the elements you can play with: | |
4858 | ||
4859 | @table @samp | |
4860 | @item G | |
4861 | Group name. | |
4862 | @item p | |
4863 | Unprefixed group name. | |
4864 | @item A | |
4865 | Current article number. | |
4866 | @item z | |
4867 | Current article score. | |
4868 | @item V | |
4869 | Gnus version. | |
4870 | @item U | |
4871 | Number of unread articles in this group. | |
4872 | @item e | |
4873 | Number of unread articles in this group that aren't displayed in the | |
4874 | summary buffer. | |
4875 | @item Z | |
4876 | A string with the number of unread and unselected articles represented | |
4877 | either as @samp{<%U(+%e) more>} if there are both unread and unselected | |
4878 | articles, and just as @samp{<%U more>} if there are just unread articles | |
4879 | and no unselected ones. | |
4880 | @item g | |
4881 | Shortish group name. For instance, @samp{rec.arts.anime} will be | |
4882 | shortened to @samp{r.a.anime}. | |
4883 | @item S | |
4884 | Subject of the current article. | |
4885 | @item u | |
4886 | User-defined spec (@pxref{User-Defined Specs}). | |
4887 | @item s | |
4888 | Name of the current score file (@pxref{Scoring}). | |
4889 | @item d | |
4890 | Number of dormant articles (@pxref{Unread Articles}). | |
4891 | @item t | |
4892 | Number of ticked articles (@pxref{Unread Articles}). | |
4893 | @item r | |
4894 | Number of articles that have been marked as read in this session. | |
4895 | @item E | |
4896 | Number of articles expunged by the score files. | |
4897 | @end table | |
4898 | ||
4899 | ||
4900 | @node Summary Highlighting | |
4901 | @subsection Summary Highlighting | |
4902 | ||
4903 | @table @code | |
4904 | ||
4905 | @item gnus-visual-mark-article-hook | |
4906 | @vindex gnus-visual-mark-article-hook | |
4907 | This hook is run after selecting an article. It is meant to be used for | |
4908 | highlighting the article in some way. It is not run if | |
4909 | @code{gnus-visual} is @code{nil}. | |
4910 | ||
4911 | @item gnus-summary-update-hook | |
4912 | @vindex gnus-summary-update-hook | |
4913 | This hook is called when a summary line is changed. It is not run if | |
4914 | @code{gnus-visual} is @code{nil}. | |
4915 | ||
4916 | @item gnus-summary-selected-face | |
4917 | @vindex gnus-summary-selected-face | |
4918 | This is the face (or @dfn{font} as some people call it) used to | |
4919 | highlight the current article in the summary buffer. | |
4920 | ||
4921 | @item gnus-summary-highlight | |
4922 | @vindex gnus-summary-highlight | |
4923 | Summary lines are highlighted according to this variable, which is a | |
2625a8f7 GM |
4924 | list where the elements are of the format @code{(@var{form} |
4925 | . @var{face})}. If you would, for instance, like ticked articles to be | |
4926 | italic and high-scored articles to be bold, you could set this variable | |
4927 | to something like | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
4928 | @lisp |
4929 | (((eq mark gnus-ticked-mark) . italic) | |
4930 | ((> score default) . bold)) | |
4931 | @end lisp | |
2625a8f7 GM |
4932 | As you may have guessed, if @var{form} returns a non-@code{nil} value, |
4933 | @var{face} will be applied to the line. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
4934 | @end table |
4935 | ||
4936 | ||
4937 | @node Summary Maneuvering | |
4938 | @section Summary Maneuvering | |
4939 | @cindex summary movement | |
4940 | ||
4941 | All the straight movement commands understand the numeric prefix and | |
4942 | behave pretty much as you'd expect. | |
4943 | ||
4944 | None of these commands select articles. | |
4945 | ||
4946 | @table @kbd | |
4947 | @item G M-n | |
4948 | @itemx M-n | |
23f87bed MB |
4949 | @kindex M-n (Summary) |
4950 | @kindex G M-n (Summary) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
4951 | @findex gnus-summary-next-unread-subject |
4952 | Go to the next summary line of an unread article | |
4953 | (@code{gnus-summary-next-unread-subject}). | |
4954 | ||
4955 | @item G M-p | |
4956 | @itemx M-p | |
23f87bed MB |
4957 | @kindex M-p (Summary) |
4958 | @kindex G M-p (Summary) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
4959 | @findex gnus-summary-prev-unread-subject |
4960 | Go to the previous summary line of an unread article | |
4961 | (@code{gnus-summary-prev-unread-subject}). | |
4962 | ||
6bf7aab6 | 4963 | @item G g |
23f87bed | 4964 | @kindex G g (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
4965 | @findex gnus-summary-goto-subject |
4966 | Ask for an article number and then go to the summary line of that article | |
4967 | without displaying the article (@code{gnus-summary-goto-subject}). | |
4968 | @end table | |
4969 | ||
4970 | If Gnus asks you to press a key to confirm going to the next group, you | |
4971 | can use the @kbd{C-n} and @kbd{C-p} keys to move around the group | |
4972 | buffer, searching for the next group to read without actually returning | |
4973 | to the group buffer. | |
4974 | ||
4975 | Variables related to summary movement: | |
4976 | ||
4977 | @table @code | |
4978 | ||
4979 | @vindex gnus-auto-select-next | |
4980 | @item gnus-auto-select-next | |
4981 | If you issue one of the movement commands (like @kbd{n}) and there are | |
4982 | no more unread articles after the current one, Gnus will offer to go to | |
4983 | the next group. If this variable is @code{t} and the next group is | |
4984 | empty, Gnus will exit summary mode and return to the group buffer. If | |
4985 | this variable is neither @code{t} nor @code{nil}, Gnus will select the | |
23f87bed MB |
4986 | next group with unread articles. As a special case, if this variable |
4987 | is @code{quietly}, Gnus will select the next group without asking for | |
4988 | confirmation. If this variable is @code{almost-quietly}, the same | |
4989 | will happen only if you are located on the last article in the group. | |
4990 | Finally, if this variable is @code{slightly-quietly}, the @kbd{Z n} | |
4991 | command will go to the next group without confirmation. Also | |
4992 | @pxref{Group Levels}. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
4993 | |
4994 | @item gnus-auto-select-same | |
4995 | @vindex gnus-auto-select-same | |
4996 | If non-@code{nil}, all the movement commands will try to go to the next | |
4997 | article with the same subject as the current. (@dfn{Same} here might | |
4998 | mean @dfn{roughly equal}. See @code{gnus-summary-gather-subject-limit} | |
4999 | for details (@pxref{Customizing Threading}).) If there are no more | |
5000 | articles with the same subject, go to the first unread article. | |
5001 | ||
5002 | This variable is not particularly useful if you use a threaded display. | |
5003 | ||
5004 | @item gnus-summary-check-current | |
5005 | @vindex gnus-summary-check-current | |
5006 | If non-@code{nil}, all the ``unread'' movement commands will not proceed | |
5007 | to the next (or previous) article if the current article is unread. | |
5008 | Instead, they will choose the current article. | |
5009 | ||
5010 | @item gnus-auto-center-summary | |
5011 | @vindex gnus-auto-center-summary | |
5012 | If non-@code{nil}, Gnus will keep the point in the summary buffer | |
5013 | centered at all times. This makes things quite tidy, but if you have a | |
5014 | slow network connection, or simply do not like this un-Emacsism, you can | |
5015 | set this variable to @code{nil} to get the normal Emacs scrolling | |
5016 | action. This will also inhibit horizontal re-centering of the summary | |
5017 | buffer, which might make it more inconvenient to read extremely long | |
5018 | threads. | |
5019 | ||
2625a8f7 GM |
5020 | This variable can also be a number. In that case, center the window at |
5021 | the given number of lines from the top. | |
5022 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
5023 | @end table |
5024 | ||
5025 | ||
5026 | @node Choosing Articles | |
5027 | @section Choosing Articles | |
5028 | @cindex selecting articles | |
5029 | ||
5030 | @menu | |
23f87bed MB |
5031 | * Choosing Commands:: Commands for choosing articles. |
5032 | * Choosing Variables:: Variables that influence these commands. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5033 | @end menu |
5034 | ||
5035 | ||
5036 | @node Choosing Commands | |
5037 | @subsection Choosing Commands | |
5038 | ||
5039 | None of the following movement commands understand the numeric prefix, | |
5040 | and they all select and display an article. | |
5041 | ||
dda5808a DL |
5042 | If you want to fetch new articles or redisplay the group, see |
5043 | @ref{Exiting the Summary Buffer}. | |
5044 | ||
6bf7aab6 | 5045 | @table @kbd |
23f87bed MB |
5046 | @item SPACE |
5047 | @kindex SPACE (Summary) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5048 | @findex gnus-summary-next-page |
5049 | Select the current article, or, if that one's read already, the next | |
5050 | unread article (@code{gnus-summary-next-page}). | |
5051 | ||
23f87bed MB |
5052 | If you have an article window open already and you press @kbd{SPACE} |
5053 | again, the article will be scrolled. This lets you conveniently | |
5054 | @kbd{SPACE} through an entire newsgroup. @xref{Paging the Article}. | |
5055 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
5056 | @item G n |
5057 | @itemx n | |
23f87bed MB |
5058 | @kindex n (Summary) |
5059 | @kindex G n (Summary) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5060 | @findex gnus-summary-next-unread-article |
5061 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-next-unread} | |
5062 | Go to next unread article (@code{gnus-summary-next-unread-article}). | |
5063 | ||
5064 | @item G p | |
5065 | @itemx p | |
23f87bed | 5066 | @kindex p (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5067 | @findex gnus-summary-prev-unread-article |
5068 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-prev-unread} | |
5069 | Go to previous unread article (@code{gnus-summary-prev-unread-article}). | |
5070 | ||
5071 | @item G N | |
5072 | @itemx N | |
23f87bed MB |
5073 | @kindex N (Summary) |
5074 | @kindex G N (Summary) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5075 | @findex gnus-summary-next-article |
5076 | Go to the next article (@code{gnus-summary-next-article}). | |
5077 | ||
5078 | @item G P | |
5079 | @itemx P | |
23f87bed MB |
5080 | @kindex P (Summary) |
5081 | @kindex G P (Summary) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5082 | @findex gnus-summary-prev-article |
5083 | Go to the previous article (@code{gnus-summary-prev-article}). | |
5084 | ||
5085 | @item G C-n | |
23f87bed | 5086 | @kindex G C-n (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5087 | @findex gnus-summary-next-same-subject |
5088 | Go to the next article with the same subject | |
5089 | (@code{gnus-summary-next-same-subject}). | |
5090 | ||
5091 | @item G C-p | |
23f87bed | 5092 | @kindex G C-p (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5093 | @findex gnus-summary-prev-same-subject |
5094 | Go to the previous article with the same subject | |
5095 | (@code{gnus-summary-prev-same-subject}). | |
5096 | ||
5097 | @item G f | |
5098 | @itemx . | |
23f87bed MB |
5099 | @kindex G f (Summary) |
5100 | @kindex . (Summary) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5101 | @findex gnus-summary-first-unread-article |
5102 | Go to the first unread article | |
5103 | (@code{gnus-summary-first-unread-article}). | |
5104 | ||
5105 | @item G b | |
5106 | @itemx , | |
23f87bed MB |
5107 | @kindex G b (Summary) |
5108 | @kindex , (Summary) | |
6bf7aab6 | 5109 | @findex gnus-summary-best-unread-article |
23f87bed MB |
5110 | Go to the unread article with the highest score |
5111 | (@code{gnus-summary-best-unread-article}). If given a prefix argument, | |
5112 | go to the first unread article that has a score over the default score. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5113 | |
5114 | @item G l | |
5115 | @itemx l | |
23f87bed MB |
5116 | @kindex l (Summary) |
5117 | @kindex G l (Summary) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5118 | @findex gnus-summary-goto-last-article |
5119 | Go to the previous article read (@code{gnus-summary-goto-last-article}). | |
5120 | ||
5121 | @item G o | |
23f87bed | 5122 | @kindex G o (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5123 | @findex gnus-summary-pop-article |
5124 | @cindex history | |
5125 | @cindex article history | |
5126 | Pop an article off the summary history and go to this article | |
5127 | (@code{gnus-summary-pop-article}). This command differs from the | |
5128 | command above in that you can pop as many previous articles off the | |
5129 | history as you like, while @kbd{l} toggles the two last read articles. | |
5130 | For a somewhat related issue (if you use these commands a lot), | |
5131 | @pxref{Article Backlog}. | |
33a48912 DL |
5132 | |
5133 | @item G j | |
5134 | @itemx j | |
23f87bed MB |
5135 | @kindex j (Summary) |
5136 | @kindex G j (Summary) | |
33a48912 DL |
5137 | @findex gnus-summary-goto-article |
5138 | Ask for an article number or @code{Message-ID}, and then go to that | |
5139 | article (@code{gnus-summary-goto-article}). | |
23f87bed | 5140 | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5141 | @end table |
5142 | ||
5143 | ||
5144 | @node Choosing Variables | |
5145 | @subsection Choosing Variables | |
5146 | ||
5147 | Some variables relevant for moving and selecting articles: | |
5148 | ||
5149 | @table @code | |
5150 | @item gnus-auto-extend-newsgroup | |
5151 | @vindex gnus-auto-extend-newsgroup | |
5152 | All the movement commands will try to go to the previous (or next) | |
5153 | article, even if that article isn't displayed in the Summary buffer if | |
5154 | this variable is non-@code{nil}. Gnus will then fetch the article from | |
5155 | the server and display it in the article buffer. | |
5156 | ||
5157 | @item gnus-select-article-hook | |
5158 | @vindex gnus-select-article-hook | |
4a2358e9 MB |
5159 | This hook is called whenever an article is selected. The default is |
5160 | @code{nil}. If you would like each article to be saved in the Agent as | |
5161 | you read it, putting @code{gnus-agent-fetch-selected-article} on this | |
5162 | hook will do so. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5163 | |
5164 | @item gnus-mark-article-hook | |
5165 | @vindex gnus-mark-article-hook | |
5166 | @findex gnus-summary-mark-unread-as-read | |
5167 | @findex gnus-summary-mark-read-and-unread-as-read | |
5168 | @findex gnus-unread-mark | |
5169 | This hook is called whenever an article is selected. It is intended to | |
5170 | be used for marking articles as read. The default value is | |
5171 | @code{gnus-summary-mark-read-and-unread-as-read}, and will change the | |
4a2358e9 MB |
5172 | mark of almost any article you read to @code{gnus-read-mark}. The only |
5173 | articles not affected by this function are ticked, dormant, and | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5174 | expirable articles. If you'd instead like to just have unread articles |
5175 | marked as read, you can use @code{gnus-summary-mark-unread-as-read} | |
5176 | instead. It will leave marks like @code{gnus-low-score-mark}, | |
5177 | @code{gnus-del-mark} (and so on) alone. | |
5178 | ||
5179 | @end table | |
5180 | ||
5181 | ||
5182 | @node Paging the Article | |
5183 | @section Scrolling the Article | |
5184 | @cindex article scrolling | |
5185 | ||
5186 | @table @kbd | |
5187 | ||
23f87bed MB |
5188 | @item SPACE |
5189 | @kindex SPACE (Summary) | |
6bf7aab6 | 5190 | @findex gnus-summary-next-page |
23f87bed | 5191 | Pressing @kbd{SPACE} will scroll the current article forward one page, |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5192 | or, if you have come to the end of the current article, will choose the |
5193 | next article (@code{gnus-summary-next-page}). | |
5194 | ||
23f87bed MB |
5195 | @vindex gnus-article-boring-faces |
5196 | @vindex gnus-article-skip-boring | |
5197 | If @code{gnus-article-skip-boring} is non-@code{nil} and the rest of | |
5198 | the article consists only of citations and signature, then it will be | |
5199 | skipped; the next article will be shown instead. You can customize | |
5200 | what is considered uninteresting with | |
5201 | @code{gnus-article-boring-faces}. You can manually view the article's | |
5202 | pages, no matter how boring, using @kbd{C-M-v}. | |
5203 | ||
5204 | @item DEL | |
5205 | @kindex DEL (Summary) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5206 | @findex gnus-summary-prev-page |
5207 | Scroll the current article back one page (@code{gnus-summary-prev-page}). | |
5208 | ||
23f87bed MB |
5209 | @item RET |
5210 | @kindex RET (Summary) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5211 | @findex gnus-summary-scroll-up |
5212 | Scroll the current article one line forward | |
5213 | (@code{gnus-summary-scroll-up}). | |
5214 | ||
23f87bed MB |
5215 | @item M-RET |
5216 | @kindex M-RET (Summary) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5217 | @findex gnus-summary-scroll-down |
5218 | Scroll the current article one line backward | |
5219 | (@code{gnus-summary-scroll-down}). | |
5220 | ||
5221 | @item A g | |
5222 | @itemx g | |
23f87bed MB |
5223 | @kindex A g (Summary) |
5224 | @kindex g (Summary) | |
6bf7aab6 | 5225 | @findex gnus-summary-show-article |
2625a8f7 | 5226 | @vindex gnus-summary-show-article-charset-alist |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5227 | (Re)fetch the current article (@code{gnus-summary-show-article}). If |
5228 | given a prefix, fetch the current article, but don't run any of the | |
5229 | article treatment functions. This will give you a ``raw'' article, just | |
5230 | the way it came from the server. | |
5231 | ||
2625a8f7 | 5232 | If given a numerical prefix, you can do semi-manual charset stuff. |
23f87bed | 5233 | @kbd{C-u 0 g cn-gb-2312 RET} will decode the message as if it were |
2625a8f7 GM |
5234 | encoded in the @code{cn-gb-2312} charset. If you have |
5235 | ||
5236 | @lisp | |
177c0ea7 JB |
5237 | (setq gnus-summary-show-article-charset-alist |
5238 | '((1 . cn-gb-2312) | |
2625a8f7 GM |
5239 | (2 . big5))) |
5240 | @end lisp | |
5241 | ||
5242 | then you can say @kbd{C-u 1 g} to get the same effect. | |
5243 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
5244 | @item A < |
5245 | @itemx < | |
23f87bed MB |
5246 | @kindex < (Summary) |
5247 | @kindex A < (Summary) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5248 | @findex gnus-summary-beginning-of-article |
5249 | Scroll to the beginning of the article | |
5250 | (@code{gnus-summary-beginning-of-article}). | |
5251 | ||
5252 | @item A > | |
5253 | @itemx > | |
23f87bed MB |
5254 | @kindex > (Summary) |
5255 | @kindex A > (Summary) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5256 | @findex gnus-summary-end-of-article |
5257 | Scroll to the end of the article (@code{gnus-summary-end-of-article}). | |
5258 | ||
5259 | @item A s | |
5260 | @itemx s | |
23f87bed MB |
5261 | @kindex A s (Summary) |
5262 | @kindex s (Summary) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5263 | @findex gnus-summary-isearch-article |
5264 | Perform an isearch in the article buffer | |
5265 | (@code{gnus-summary-isearch-article}). | |
5266 | ||
5267 | @item h | |
23f87bed | 5268 | @kindex h (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5269 | @findex gnus-summary-select-article-buffer |
5270 | Select the article buffer (@code{gnus-summary-select-article-buffer}). | |
5271 | ||
5272 | @end table | |
5273 | ||
5274 | ||
5275 | @node Reply Followup and Post | |
5276 | @section Reply, Followup and Post | |
5277 | ||
5278 | @menu | |
2625a8f7 GM |
5279 | * Summary Mail Commands:: Sending mail. |
5280 | * Summary Post Commands:: Sending news. | |
5281 | * Summary Message Commands:: Other Message-related commands. | |
23f87bed | 5282 | * Canceling and Superseding:: |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5283 | @end menu |
5284 | ||
5285 | ||
5286 | @node Summary Mail Commands | |
5287 | @subsection Summary Mail Commands | |
5288 | @cindex mail | |
5289 | @cindex composing mail | |
5290 | ||
5291 | Commands for composing a mail message: | |
5292 | ||
5293 | @table @kbd | |
5294 | ||
5295 | @item S r | |
5296 | @itemx r | |
23f87bed MB |
5297 | @kindex S r (Summary) |
5298 | @kindex r (Summary) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5299 | @findex gnus-summary-reply |
5300 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-mail-reply} | |
5301 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-reply} | |
5302 | Mail a reply to the author of the current article | |
5303 | (@code{gnus-summary-reply}). | |
5304 | ||
5305 | @item S R | |
5306 | @itemx R | |
23f87bed MB |
5307 | @kindex R (Summary) |
5308 | @kindex S R (Summary) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5309 | @findex gnus-summary-reply-with-original |
5310 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-reply-with-original} | |
5311 | Mail a reply to the author of the current article and include the | |
5312 | original message (@code{gnus-summary-reply-with-original}). This | |
5313 | command uses the process/prefix convention. | |
5314 | ||
5315 | @item S w | |
23f87bed | 5316 | @kindex S w (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5317 | @findex gnus-summary-wide-reply |
5318 | Mail a wide reply to the author of the current article | |
5319 | (@code{gnus-summary-wide-reply}). A @dfn{wide reply} is a reply that | |
5320 | goes out to all people listed in the @code{To}, @code{From} (or | |
23f87bed MB |
5321 | @code{Reply-to}) and @code{Cc} headers. If @code{Mail-Followup-To} is |
5322 | present, that's used instead. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5323 | |
5324 | @item S W | |
23f87bed | 5325 | @kindex S W (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5326 | @findex gnus-summary-wide-reply-with-original |
5327 | Mail a wide reply to the current article and include the original | |
2625a8f7 | 5328 | message (@code{gnus-summary-wide-reply-with-original}). This command uses |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5329 | the process/prefix convention. |
5330 | ||
23f87bed MB |
5331 | @item S v |
5332 | @kindex S v (Summary) | |
5333 | @findex gnus-summary-very-wide-reply | |
5334 | Mail a very wide reply to the author of the current article | |
5335 | (@code{gnus-summary-wide-reply}). A @dfn{very wide reply} is a reply | |
5336 | that goes out to all people listed in the @code{To}, @code{From} (or | |
5337 | @code{Reply-to}) and @code{Cc} headers in all the process/prefixed | |
5338 | articles. This command uses the process/prefix convention. | |
5339 | ||
5340 | @item S V | |
5341 | @kindex S V (Summary) | |
5342 | @findex gnus-summary-very-wide-reply-with-original | |
5343 | Mail a very wide reply to the author of the current article and include the | |
5344 | original message (@code{gnus-summary-very-wide-reply-with-original}). This | |
5345 | command uses the process/prefix convention. | |
5346 | ||
5347 | @item S B r | |
5348 | @kindex S B r (Summary) | |
5349 | @findex gnus-summary-reply-broken-reply-to | |
5350 | Mail a reply to the author of the current article but ignore the | |
5351 | @code{Reply-To} field (@code{gnus-summary-reply-broken-reply-to}). | |
5352 | If you need this because a mailing list incorrectly sets a | |
5353 | @code{Reply-To} header pointing to the list, you probably want to set | |
5354 | the @code{broken-reply-to} group parameter instead, so things will work | |
5355 | correctly. @xref{Group Parameters}. | |
5356 | ||
5357 | @item S B R | |
5358 | @kindex S B R (Summary) | |
5359 | @findex gnus-summary-reply-broken-reply-to-with-original | |
5360 | Mail a reply to the author of the current article and include the | |
5361 | original message but ignore the @code{Reply-To} field | |
5362 | (@code{gnus-summary-reply-broken-reply-to-with-original}). | |
5363 | ||
6bf7aab6 | 5364 | @item S o m |
2625a8f7 | 5365 | @itemx C-c C-f |
23f87bed MB |
5366 | @kindex S o m (Summary) |
5367 | @kindex C-c C-f (Summary) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5368 | @findex gnus-summary-mail-forward |
5369 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-mail-forward} | |
5370 | Forward the current article to some other person | |
2625a8f7 GM |
5371 | (@code{gnus-summary-mail-forward}). If no prefix is given, the message |
5372 | is forwarded according to the value of (@code{message-forward-as-mime}) | |
5373 | and (@code{message-forward-show-mml}); if the prefix is 1, decode the | |
f5d4cd5e | 5374 | message and forward directly inline; if the prefix is 2, forward message |
23f87bed MB |
5375 | as an rfc822 @acronym{MIME} section; if the prefix is 3, decode message and |
5376 | forward as an rfc822 @acronym{MIME} section; if the prefix is 4, forward message | |
2625a8f7 GM |
5377 | directly inline; otherwise, the message is forwarded as no prefix given |
5378 | but use the flipped value of (@code{message-forward-as-mime}). By | |
23f87bed MB |
5379 | default, the message is decoded and forwarded as an rfc822 @acronym{MIME} |
5380 | section. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5381 | |
5382 | @item S m | |
5383 | @itemx m | |
23f87bed MB |
5384 | @kindex m (Summary) |
5385 | @kindex S m (Summary) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5386 | @findex gnus-summary-mail-other-window |
5387 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-mail-originate} | |
23f87bed MB |
5388 | Prepare a mail (@code{gnus-summary-mail-other-window}). By default, use |
5389 | the posting style of the current group. If given a prefix, disable that. | |
5390 | If the prefix is 1, prompt for a group name to find the posting style. | |
5391 | ||
5392 | @item S i | |
5393 | @itemx i | |
5394 | @kindex i (Summary) | |
5395 | @kindex S i (Summary) | |
5396 | @findex gnus-summary-news-other-window | |
5397 | Prepare a news (@code{gnus-summary-news-other-window}). By default, | |
5398 | post to the current group. If given a prefix, disable that. If the | |
5399 | prefix is 1, prompt for a group to post to. | |
5400 | ||
5401 | This function actually prepares a news even when using mail groups. | |
5402 | This is useful for ``posting'' messages to mail groups without actually | |
5403 | sending them over the network: they're just saved directly to the group | |
5404 | in question. The corresponding back end must have a request-post method | |
5405 | for this to work though. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5406 | |
5407 | @item S D b | |
23f87bed | 5408 | @kindex S D b (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5409 | @findex gnus-summary-resend-bounced-mail |
5410 | @cindex bouncing mail | |
5411 | If you have sent a mail, but the mail was bounced back to you for some | |
5412 | reason (wrong address, transient failure), you can use this command to | |
5413 | resend that bounced mail (@code{gnus-summary-resend-bounced-mail}). You | |
5414 | will be popped into a mail buffer where you can edit the headers before | |
5415 | sending the mail off again. If you give a prefix to this command, and | |
5416 | the bounced mail is a reply to some other mail, Gnus will try to fetch | |
5417 | that mail and display it for easy perusal of its headers. This might | |
5418 | very well fail, though. | |
5419 | ||
5420 | @item S D r | |
23f87bed | 5421 | @kindex S D r (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5422 | @findex gnus-summary-resend-message |
5423 | Not to be confused with the previous command, | |
5424 | @code{gnus-summary-resend-message} will prompt you for an address to | |
5425 | send the current message off to, and then send it to that place. The | |
5426 | headers of the message won't be altered---but lots of headers that say | |
5427 | @code{Resent-To}, @code{Resent-From} and so on will be added. This | |
5428 | means that you actually send a mail to someone that has a @code{To} | |
5429 | header that (probably) points to yourself. This will confuse people. | |
5430 | So, natcherly you'll only do that if you're really eVIl. | |
5431 | ||
5432 | This command is mainly used if you have several accounts and want to | |
5433 | ship a mail to a different account of yours. (If you're both | |
5434 | @code{root} and @code{postmaster} and get a mail for @code{postmaster} | |
5435 | to the @code{root} account, you may want to resend it to | |
23f87bed | 5436 | @code{postmaster}. Ordnung muss sein! |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5437 | |
5438 | This command understands the process/prefix convention | |
5439 | (@pxref{Process/Prefix}). | |
5440 | ||
9b5773bc MB |
5441 | @item S D e |
5442 | @kindex S D e (Summary) | |
5443 | @findex gnus-summary-resend-message-edit | |
5444 | ||
5445 | Like the previous command, but will allow you to edit the message as | |
5446 | if it were a new message before resending. | |
5447 | ||
6bf7aab6 | 5448 | @item S O m |
23f87bed | 5449 | @kindex S O m (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5450 | @findex gnus-uu-digest-mail-forward |
5451 | Digest the current series (@pxref{Decoding Articles}) and forward the | |
5452 | result using mail (@code{gnus-uu-digest-mail-forward}). This command | |
5453 | uses the process/prefix convention (@pxref{Process/Prefix}). | |
5454 | ||
5455 | @item S M-c | |
23f87bed | 5456 | @kindex S M-c (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5457 | @findex gnus-summary-mail-crosspost-complaint |
5458 | @cindex crossposting | |
5459 | @cindex excessive crossposting | |
5460 | Send a complaint about excessive crossposting to the author of the | |
5461 | current article (@code{gnus-summary-mail-crosspost-complaint}). | |
5462 | ||
5463 | @findex gnus-crosspost-complaint | |
5464 | This command is provided as a way to fight back against the current | |
5465 | crossposting pandemic that's sweeping Usenet. It will compose a reply | |
5466 | using the @code{gnus-crosspost-complaint} variable as a preamble. This | |
5467 | command understands the process/prefix convention | |
5468 | (@pxref{Process/Prefix}) and will prompt you before sending each mail. | |
5469 | ||
5470 | @end table | |
5471 | ||
23f87bed MB |
5472 | Also @xref{Header Commands, ,Header Commands, message, The Message |
5473 | Manual}, for more information. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5474 | |
5475 | ||
5476 | @node Summary Post Commands | |
5477 | @subsection Summary Post Commands | |
5478 | @cindex post | |
5479 | @cindex composing news | |
5480 | ||
5481 | Commands for posting a news article: | |
5482 | ||
5483 | @table @kbd | |
5484 | @item S p | |
5485 | @itemx a | |
23f87bed MB |
5486 | @kindex a (Summary) |
5487 | @kindex S p (Summary) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5488 | @findex gnus-summary-post-news |
5489 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-post-news} | |
23f87bed MB |
5490 | Prepare for posting an article (@code{gnus-summary-post-news}). By |
5491 | default, post to the current group. If given a prefix, disable that. | |
5492 | If the prefix is 1, prompt for another group instead. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5493 | |
5494 | @item S f | |
5495 | @itemx f | |
23f87bed MB |
5496 | @kindex f (Summary) |
5497 | @kindex S f (Summary) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5498 | @findex gnus-summary-followup |
5499 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-followup} | |
5500 | Post a followup to the current article (@code{gnus-summary-followup}). | |
5501 | ||
5502 | @item S F | |
5503 | @itemx F | |
23f87bed MB |
5504 | @kindex S F (Summary) |
5505 | @kindex F (Summary) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5506 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-followup-with-original} |
5507 | @findex gnus-summary-followup-with-original | |
5508 | Post a followup to the current article and include the original message | |
23f87bed | 5509 | (@code{gnus-summary-followup-with-original}). This command uses the |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5510 | process/prefix convention. |
5511 | ||
5512 | @item S n | |
23f87bed | 5513 | @kindex S n (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5514 | @findex gnus-summary-followup-to-mail |
5515 | Post a followup to the current article via news, even if you got the | |
5516 | message through mail (@code{gnus-summary-followup-to-mail}). | |
5517 | ||
5518 | @item S N | |
23f87bed | 5519 | @kindex S N (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5520 | @findex gnus-summary-followup-to-mail-with-original |
5521 | Post a followup to the current article via news, even if you got the | |
5522 | message through mail and include the original message | |
5523 | (@code{gnus-summary-followup-to-mail-with-original}). This command uses | |
5524 | the process/prefix convention. | |
5525 | ||
5526 | @item S o p | |
23f87bed | 5527 | @kindex S o p (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5528 | @findex gnus-summary-post-forward |
5529 | Forward the current article to a newsgroup | |
177c0ea7 | 5530 | (@code{gnus-summary-post-forward}). |
2625a8f7 GM |
5531 | If no prefix is given, the message is forwarded according to the value |
5532 | of (@code{message-forward-as-mime}) and | |
5533 | (@code{message-forward-show-mml}); if the prefix is 1, decode the | |
f5d4cd5e | 5534 | message and forward directly inline; if the prefix is 2, forward message |
23f87bed MB |
5535 | as an rfc822 @acronym{MIME} section; if the prefix is 3, decode message and |
5536 | forward as an rfc822 @acronym{MIME} section; if the prefix is 4, forward message | |
2625a8f7 GM |
5537 | directly inline; otherwise, the message is forwarded as no prefix given |
5538 | but use the flipped value of (@code{message-forward-as-mime}). By | |
23f87bed | 5539 | default, the message is decoded and forwarded as an rfc822 @acronym{MIME} section. |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5540 | |
5541 | @item S O p | |
23f87bed | 5542 | @kindex S O p (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5543 | @findex gnus-uu-digest-post-forward |
5544 | @cindex digests | |
5545 | @cindex making digests | |
5546 | Digest the current series and forward the result to a newsgroup | |
7dafe00b | 5547 | (@code{gnus-uu-digest-post-forward}). This command uses the |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5548 | process/prefix convention. |
5549 | ||
5550 | @item S u | |
23f87bed | 5551 | @kindex S u (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5552 | @findex gnus-uu-post-news |
5553 | @c @icon{gnus-uu-post-news} | |
5554 | Uuencode a file, split it into parts, and post it as a series | |
2625a8f7 | 5555 | (@code{gnus-uu-post-news}). (@pxref{Uuencoding and Posting}). |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5556 | @end table |
5557 | ||
23f87bed MB |
5558 | Also @xref{Header Commands, ,Header Commands, message, The Message |
5559 | Manual}, for more information. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5560 | |
5561 | ||
2625a8f7 GM |
5562 | @node Summary Message Commands |
5563 | @subsection Summary Message Commands | |
5564 | ||
5565 | @table @kbd | |
5566 | @item S y | |
23f87bed | 5567 | @kindex S y (Summary) |
2625a8f7 GM |
5568 | @findex gnus-summary-yank-message |
5569 | Yank the current article into an already existing Message composition | |
5570 | buffer (@code{gnus-summary-yank-message}). This command prompts for | |
5571 | what message buffer you want to yank into, and understands the | |
5572 | process/prefix convention (@pxref{Process/Prefix}). | |
5573 | ||
5574 | @end table | |
5575 | ||
5576 | ||
6bf7aab6 | 5577 | @node Canceling and Superseding |
2625a8f7 | 5578 | @subsection Canceling Articles |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5579 | @cindex canceling articles |
5580 | @cindex superseding articles | |
5581 | ||
5582 | Have you ever written something, and then decided that you really, | |
5583 | really, really wish you hadn't posted that? | |
5584 | ||
5585 | Well, you can't cancel mail, but you can cancel posts. | |
5586 | ||
5587 | @findex gnus-summary-cancel-article | |
23f87bed | 5588 | @kindex C (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5589 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-cancel-article} |
5590 | Find the article you wish to cancel (you can only cancel your own | |
5591 | articles, so don't try any funny stuff). Then press @kbd{C} or @kbd{S | |
5592 | c} (@code{gnus-summary-cancel-article}). Your article will be | |
5593 | canceled---machines all over the world will be deleting your article. | |
5594 | This command uses the process/prefix convention (@pxref{Process/Prefix}). | |
5595 | ||
5596 | Be aware, however, that not all sites honor cancels, so your article may | |
5597 | live on here and there, while most sites will delete the article in | |
5598 | question. | |
5599 | ||
5600 | Gnus will use the ``current'' select method when canceling. If you | |
5601 | want to use the standard posting method, use the @samp{a} symbolic | |
5602 | prefix (@pxref{Symbolic Prefixes}). | |
5603 | ||
23f87bed MB |
5604 | Gnus ensures that only you can cancel your own messages using a |
5605 | @code{Cancel-Lock} header (@pxref{Canceling News, Canceling News, , | |
5606 | message, Message Manual}). | |
5607 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
5608 | If you discover that you have made some mistakes and want to do some |
5609 | corrections, you can post a @dfn{superseding} article that will replace | |
5610 | your original article. | |
5611 | ||
5612 | @findex gnus-summary-supersede-article | |
23f87bed | 5613 | @kindex S (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5614 | Go to the original article and press @kbd{S s} |
5615 | (@code{gnus-summary-supersede-article}). You will be put in a buffer | |
5616 | where you can edit the article all you want before sending it off the | |
5617 | usual way. | |
5618 | ||
5619 | The same goes for superseding as for canceling, only more so: Some | |
5620 | sites do not honor superseding. On those sites, it will appear that you | |
5621 | have posted almost the same article twice. | |
5622 | ||
5623 | If you have just posted the article, and change your mind right away, | |
5624 | there is a trick you can use to cancel/supersede the article without | |
5625 | waiting for the article to appear on your site first. You simply return | |
5626 | to the post buffer (which is called @code{*sent ...*}). There you will | |
5627 | find the article you just posted, with all the headers intact. Change | |
5628 | the @code{Message-ID} header to a @code{Cancel} or @code{Supersedes} | |
5629 | header by substituting one of those words for the word | |
5630 | @code{Message-ID}. Then just press @kbd{C-c C-c} to send the article as | |
5631 | you would do normally. The previous article will be | |
5632 | canceled/superseded. | |
5633 | ||
5634 | Just remember, kids: There is no 'c' in 'supersede'. | |
5635 | ||
23f87bed MB |
5636 | @node Delayed Articles |
5637 | @section Delayed Articles | |
5638 | @cindex delayed sending | |
5639 | @cindex send delayed | |
5640 | ||
5641 | Sometimes, you might wish to delay the sending of a message. For | |
5642 | example, you might wish to arrange for a message to turn up just in time | |
5643 | to remind your about the birthday of your Significant Other. For this, | |
5644 | there is the @code{gnus-delay} package. Setup is simple: | |
5645 | ||
5646 | @lisp | |
5647 | (gnus-delay-initialize) | |
5648 | @end lisp | |
5649 | ||
5650 | @findex gnus-delay-article | |
5651 | Normally, to send a message you use the @kbd{C-c C-c} command from | |
5652 | Message mode. To delay a message, use @kbd{C-c C-j} | |
5653 | (@code{gnus-delay-article}) instead. This will ask you for how long the | |
5654 | message should be delayed. Possible answers are: | |
5655 | ||
5656 | @itemize @bullet | |
5657 | @item | |
5658 | A time span. Consists of an integer and a letter. For example, | |
5659 | @code{42d} means to delay for 42 days. Available letters are @code{m} | |
5660 | (minutes), @code{h} (hours), @code{d} (days), @code{w} (weeks), @code{M} | |
5661 | (months) and @code{Y} (years). | |
5662 | ||
5663 | @item | |
5664 | A specific date. Looks like @code{YYYY-MM-DD}. The message will be | |
5665 | delayed until that day, at a specific time (eight o'clock by default). | |
5666 | See also @code{gnus-delay-default-hour}. | |
5667 | ||
5668 | @item | |
5669 | A specific time of day. Given in @code{hh:mm} format, 24h, no am/pm | |
5670 | stuff. The deadline will be at that time today, except if that time has | |
5671 | already passed, then it's at the given time tomorrow. So if it's ten | |
5672 | o'clock in the morning and you specify @code{11:15}, then the deadline | |
5673 | is one hour and fifteen minutes hence. But if you specify @code{9:20}, | |
5674 | that means a time tomorrow. | |
5675 | @end itemize | |
5676 | ||
5677 | The action of the @code{gnus-delay-article} command is influenced by a | |
5678 | couple of variables: | |
5679 | ||
5680 | @table @code | |
5681 | @item gnus-delay-default-hour | |
5682 | @vindex gnus-delay-default-hour | |
5683 | When you specify a specific date, the message will be due on that hour | |
5684 | on the given date. Possible values are integers 0 through 23. | |
5685 | ||
5686 | @item gnus-delay-default-delay | |
5687 | @vindex gnus-delay-default-delay | |
5688 | This is a string and gives the default delay. It can be of any of the | |
5689 | formats described above. | |
5690 | ||
5691 | @item gnus-delay-group | |
5692 | @vindex gnus-delay-group | |
5693 | Delayed articles will be kept in this group on the drafts server until | |
5694 | they are due. You probably don't need to change this. The default | |
5695 | value is @code{"delayed"}. | |
5696 | ||
5697 | @item gnus-delay-header | |
5698 | @vindex gnus-delay-header | |
5699 | The deadline for each article will be stored in a header. This variable | |
5700 | is a string and gives the header name. You probably don't need to | |
5701 | change this. The default value is @code{"X-Gnus-Delayed"}. | |
5702 | @end table | |
5703 | ||
5704 | The way delaying works is like this: when you use the | |
5705 | @code{gnus-delay-article} command, you give a certain delay. Gnus | |
5706 | calculates the deadline of the message and stores it in the | |
5707 | @code{X-Gnus-Delayed} header and puts the message in the | |
5708 | @code{nndraft:delayed} group. | |
5709 | ||
5710 | @findex gnus-delay-send-queue | |
5711 | And whenever you get new news, Gnus looks through the group for articles | |
5712 | which are due and sends them. It uses the @code{gnus-delay-send-queue} | |
5713 | function for this. By default, this function is added to the hook | |
5714 | @code{gnus-get-new-news-hook}. But of course, you can change this. | |
5715 | Maybe you want to use the demon to send drafts? Just tell the demon to | |
5716 | execute the @code{gnus-delay-send-queue} function. | |
5717 | ||
5718 | @table @code | |
5719 | @item gnus-delay-initialize | |
5720 | @findex gnus-delay-initialize | |
5721 | By default, this function installs @code{gnus-delay-send-queue} in | |
5722 | @code{gnus-get-new-news-hook}. But it accepts the optional second | |
5723 | argument @code{no-check}. If it is non-@code{nil}, | |
5724 | @code{gnus-get-new-news-hook} is not changed. The optional first | |
5725 | argument is ignored. | |
5726 | ||
5727 | For example, @code{(gnus-delay-initialize nil t)} means to do nothing. | |
5728 | Presumably, you want to use the demon for sending due delayed articles. | |
5729 | Just don't forget to set that up :-) | |
5730 | @end table | |
5731 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
5732 | |
5733 | @node Marking Articles | |
5734 | @section Marking Articles | |
5735 | @cindex article marking | |
5736 | @cindex article ticking | |
5737 | @cindex marks | |
5738 | ||
5739 | There are several marks you can set on an article. | |
5740 | ||
5741 | You have marks that decide the @dfn{readedness} (whoo, neato-keano | |
5742 | neologism ohoy!) of the article. Alphabetic marks generally mean | |
5743 | @dfn{read}, while non-alphabetic characters generally mean @dfn{unread}. | |
5744 | ||
5745 | In addition, you also have marks that do not affect readedness. | |
5746 | ||
6bf7aab6 | 5747 | @ifinfo |
fdbc4dea | 5748 | There's a plethora of commands for manipulating these marks. |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5749 | @end ifinfo |
5750 | ||
5751 | @menu | |
fdbc4dea JL |
5752 | * Unread Articles:: Marks for unread articles. |
5753 | * Read Articles:: Marks for read articles. | |
5754 | * Other Marks:: Marks that do not affect readedness. | |
5755 | * Setting Marks:: How to set and remove marks. | |
5756 | * Generic Marking Commands:: How to customize the marking. | |
5757 | * Setting Process Marks:: How to mark articles for later processing. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5758 | @end menu |
5759 | ||
5760 | ||
5761 | @node Unread Articles | |
5762 | @subsection Unread Articles | |
5763 | ||
5764 | The following marks mark articles as (kinda) unread, in one form or | |
5765 | other. | |
5766 | ||
5767 | @table @samp | |
5768 | @item ! | |
5769 | @vindex gnus-ticked-mark | |
5770 | Marked as ticked (@code{gnus-ticked-mark}). | |
5771 | ||
5772 | @dfn{Ticked articles} are articles that will remain visible always. If | |
5773 | you see an article that you find interesting, or you want to put off | |
5774 | reading it, or replying to it, until sometime later, you'd typically | |
23f87bed MB |
5775 | tick it. However, articles can be expired (from news servers by the |
5776 | news server software, Gnus itself never expires ticked messages), so if | |
5777 | you want to keep an article forever, you'll have to make it persistent | |
5778 | (@pxref{Persistent Articles}). | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5779 | |
5780 | @item ? | |
5781 | @vindex gnus-dormant-mark | |
5782 | Marked as dormant (@code{gnus-dormant-mark}). | |
5783 | ||
5784 | @dfn{Dormant articles} will only appear in the summary buffer if there | |
5785 | are followups to it. If you want to see them even if they don't have | |
5786 | followups, you can use the @kbd{/ D} command (@pxref{Limiting}). | |
23f87bed MB |
5787 | Otherwise (except for the visibility issue), they are just like ticked |
5788 | messages. | |
6bf7aab6 | 5789 | |
23f87bed | 5790 | @item SPACE |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5791 | @vindex gnus-unread-mark |
5792 | Marked as unread (@code{gnus-unread-mark}). | |
5793 | ||
5794 | @dfn{Unread articles} are articles that haven't been read at all yet. | |
5795 | @end table | |
5796 | ||
5797 | ||
5798 | @node Read Articles | |
5799 | @subsection Read Articles | |
5800 | @cindex expirable mark | |
5801 | ||
5802 | All the following marks mark articles as read. | |
5803 | ||
5804 | @table @samp | |
5805 | ||
5806 | @item r | |
5807 | @vindex gnus-del-mark | |
5808 | These are articles that the user has marked as read with the @kbd{d} | |
5809 | command manually, more or less (@code{gnus-del-mark}). | |
5810 | ||
5811 | @item R | |
5812 | @vindex gnus-read-mark | |
5813 | Articles that have actually been read (@code{gnus-read-mark}). | |
5814 | ||
5815 | @item O | |
5816 | @vindex gnus-ancient-mark | |
5817 | Articles that were marked as read in previous sessions and are now | |
5818 | @dfn{old} (@code{gnus-ancient-mark}). | |
5819 | ||
5820 | @item K | |
5821 | @vindex gnus-killed-mark | |
5822 | Marked as killed (@code{gnus-killed-mark}). | |
5823 | ||
5824 | @item X | |
5825 | @vindex gnus-kill-file-mark | |
5826 | Marked as killed by kill files (@code{gnus-kill-file-mark}). | |
5827 | ||
5828 | @item Y | |
5829 | @vindex gnus-low-score-mark | |
5830 | Marked as read by having too low a score (@code{gnus-low-score-mark}). | |
5831 | ||
5832 | @item C | |
5833 | @vindex gnus-catchup-mark | |
5834 | Marked as read by a catchup (@code{gnus-catchup-mark}). | |
5835 | ||
5836 | @item G | |
5837 | @vindex gnus-canceled-mark | |
5838 | Canceled article (@code{gnus-canceled-mark}) | |
5839 | ||
5840 | @item F | |
5841 | @vindex gnus-souped-mark | |
027f547a | 5842 | @sc{soup}ed article (@code{gnus-souped-mark}). @xref{SOUP}. |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5843 | |
5844 | @item Q | |
5845 | @vindex gnus-sparse-mark | |
5846 | Sparsely reffed article (@code{gnus-sparse-mark}). @xref{Customizing | |
5847 | Threading}. | |
5848 | ||
5849 | @item M | |
5850 | @vindex gnus-duplicate-mark | |
5851 | Article marked as read by duplicate suppression | |
23f87bed | 5852 | (@code{gnus-duplicate-mark}). @xref{Duplicate Suppression}. |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5853 | |
5854 | @end table | |
5855 | ||
5856 | All these marks just mean that the article is marked as read, really. | |
5857 | They are interpreted differently when doing adaptive scoring, though. | |
5858 | ||
5859 | One more special mark, though: | |
5860 | ||
5861 | @table @samp | |
5862 | @item E | |
5863 | @vindex gnus-expirable-mark | |
5864 | Marked as expirable (@code{gnus-expirable-mark}). | |
5865 | ||
5866 | Marking articles as @dfn{expirable} (or have them marked as such | |
5867 | automatically) doesn't make much sense in normal groups---a user doesn't | |
5868 | control expiring of news articles, but in mail groups, for instance, | |
5869 | articles marked as @dfn{expirable} can be deleted by Gnus at | |
5870 | any time. | |
5871 | @end table | |
5872 | ||
5873 | ||
5874 | @node Other Marks | |
5875 | @subsection Other Marks | |
5876 | @cindex process mark | |
5877 | @cindex bookmarks | |
5878 | ||
5879 | There are some marks that have nothing to do with whether the article is | |
5880 | read or not. | |
5881 | ||
5882 | @itemize @bullet | |
5883 | ||
5884 | @item | |
5885 | You can set a bookmark in the current article. Say you are reading a | |
5886 | long thesis on cats' urinary tracts, and have to go home for dinner | |
5887 | before you've finished reading the thesis. You can then set a bookmark | |
5888 | in the article, and Gnus will jump to this bookmark the next time it | |
5889 | encounters the article. @xref{Setting Marks}. | |
5890 | ||
5891 | @item | |
5892 | @vindex gnus-replied-mark | |
5893 | All articles that you have replied to or made a followup to (i.e., have | |
5894 | answered) will be marked with an @samp{A} in the second column | |
5895 | (@code{gnus-replied-mark}). | |
5896 | ||
23f87bed MB |
5897 | @item |
5898 | @vindex gnus-forwarded-mark | |
5899 | All articles that you have forwarded will be marked with an @samp{F} in | |
5900 | the second column (@code{gnus-forwarded-mark}). | |
5901 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
5902 | @item |
5903 | @vindex gnus-cached-mark | |
5904 | Articles stored in the article cache will be marked with an @samp{*} in | |
5905 | the second column (@code{gnus-cached-mark}). @xref{Article Caching}. | |
5906 | ||
5907 | @item | |
5908 | @vindex gnus-saved-mark | |
5909 | Articles ``saved'' (in some manner or other; not necessarily | |
5910 | religiously) are marked with an @samp{S} in the second column | |
5911 | (@code{gnus-saved-mark}). | |
5912 | ||
23f87bed MB |
5913 | @item |
5914 | @vindex gnus-recent-mark | |
5915 | Articles that according to the server haven't been shown to the user | |
5916 | before are marked with a @samp{N} in the second column | |
5917 | (@code{gnus-recent-mark}). Note that not all servers support this | |
5918 | mark, in which case it simply never appears. Compare with | |
5919 | @code{gnus-unseen-mark}. | |
5920 | ||
5921 | @item | |
5922 | @vindex gnus-unseen-mark | |
5923 | Articles that haven't been seen before in Gnus by the user are marked | |
5924 | with a @samp{.} in the second column (@code{gnus-unseen-mark}). | |
5925 | Compare with @code{gnus-recent-mark}. | |
5926 | ||
5927 | @item | |
5928 | @vindex gnus-downloaded-mark | |
5929 | When using the Gnus agent (@pxref{Agent Basics}), articles may be | |
5930 | downloaded for unplugged (offline) viewing. If you are using the | |
5931 | @samp{%O} spec, these articles get the @samp{+} mark in that spec. | |
5932 | (The variable @code{gnus-downloaded-mark} controls which character to | |
5933 | use.) | |
5934 | ||
5935 | @item | |
5936 | @vindex gnus-undownloaded-mark | |
5937 | When using the Gnus agent (@pxref{Agent Basics}), some articles might | |
5938 | not have been downloaded. Such articles cannot be viewed while you | |
5939 | are unplugged (offline). If you are using the @samp{%O} spec, these | |
5940 | articles get the @samp{-} mark in that spec. (The variable | |
5941 | @code{gnus-undownloaded-mark} controls which character to use.) | |
5942 | ||
5943 | @item | |
5944 | @vindex gnus-downloadable-mark | |
5945 | The Gnus agent (@pxref{Agent Basics}) downloads some articles | |
5946 | automatically, but it is also possible to explicitly mark articles for | |
5947 | download, even if they would not be downloaded automatically. Such | |
5948 | explicitly-marked articles get the @samp{%} mark in the first column. | |
5949 | (The variable @code{gnus-downloadable-mark} controls which character to | |
5950 | use.) | |
5951 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
5952 | @item |
5953 | @vindex gnus-not-empty-thread-mark | |
5954 | @vindex gnus-empty-thread-mark | |
5955 | If the @samp{%e} spec is used, the presence of threads or not will be | |
5956 | marked with @code{gnus-not-empty-thread-mark} and | |
5957 | @code{gnus-empty-thread-mark} in the third column, respectively. | |
5958 | ||
5959 | @item | |
5960 | @vindex gnus-process-mark | |
5961 | Finally we have the @dfn{process mark} (@code{gnus-process-mark}). A | |
5962 | variety of commands react to the presence of the process mark. For | |
5963 | instance, @kbd{X u} (@code{gnus-uu-decode-uu}) will uudecode and view | |
5964 | all articles that have been marked with the process mark. Articles | |
5965 | marked with the process mark have a @samp{#} in the second column. | |
5966 | ||
5967 | @end itemize | |
5968 | ||
5969 | You might have noticed that most of these ``non-readedness'' marks | |
5970 | appear in the second column by default. So if you have a cached, saved, | |
5971 | replied article that you have process-marked, what will that look like? | |
5972 | ||
5973 | Nothing much. The precedence rules go as follows: process -> cache -> | |
5974 | replied -> saved. So if the article is in the cache and is replied, | |
5975 | you'll only see the cache mark and not the replied mark. | |
5976 | ||
5977 | ||
5978 | @node Setting Marks | |
5979 | @subsection Setting Marks | |
5980 | @cindex setting marks | |
5981 | ||
5982 | All the marking commands understand the numeric prefix. | |
5983 | ||
5984 | @table @kbd | |
5985 | @item M c | |
5986 | @itemx M-u | |
23f87bed MB |
5987 | @kindex M c (Summary) |
5988 | @kindex M-u (Summary) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5989 | @findex gnus-summary-clear-mark-forward |
5990 | @cindex mark as unread | |
5991 | Clear all readedness-marks from the current article | |
5992 | (@code{gnus-summary-clear-mark-forward}). In other words, mark the | |
5993 | article as unread. | |
5994 | ||
5995 | @item M t | |
5996 | @itemx ! | |
23f87bed MB |
5997 | @kindex ! (Summary) |
5998 | @kindex M t (Summary) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
5999 | @findex gnus-summary-tick-article-forward |
6000 | Tick the current article (@code{gnus-summary-tick-article-forward}). | |
6001 | @xref{Article Caching}. | |
6002 | ||
6003 | @item M ? | |
6004 | @itemx ? | |
23f87bed MB |
6005 | @kindex ? (Summary) |
6006 | @kindex M ? (Summary) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6007 | @findex gnus-summary-mark-as-dormant |
6008 | Mark the current article as dormant | |
6009 | (@code{gnus-summary-mark-as-dormant}). @xref{Article Caching}. | |
6010 | ||
6011 | @item M d | |
6012 | @itemx d | |
23f87bed MB |
6013 | @kindex M d (Summary) |
6014 | @kindex d (Summary) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6015 | @findex gnus-summary-mark-as-read-forward |
6016 | Mark the current article as read | |
6017 | (@code{gnus-summary-mark-as-read-forward}). | |
6018 | ||
6019 | @item D | |
23f87bed | 6020 | @kindex D (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6021 | @findex gnus-summary-mark-as-read-backward |
6022 | Mark the current article as read and move point to the previous line | |
6023 | (@code{gnus-summary-mark-as-read-backward}). | |
6024 | ||
6025 | @item M k | |
6026 | @itemx k | |
23f87bed MB |
6027 | @kindex k (Summary) |
6028 | @kindex M k (Summary) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6029 | @findex gnus-summary-kill-same-subject-and-select |
6030 | Mark all articles that have the same subject as the current one as read, | |
6031 | and then select the next unread article | |
6032 | (@code{gnus-summary-kill-same-subject-and-select}). | |
6033 | ||
6034 | @item M K | |
6035 | @itemx C-k | |
23f87bed MB |
6036 | @kindex M K (Summary) |
6037 | @kindex C-k (Summary) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6038 | @findex gnus-summary-kill-same-subject |
6039 | Mark all articles that have the same subject as the current one as read | |
6040 | (@code{gnus-summary-kill-same-subject}). | |
6041 | ||
6042 | @item M C | |
23f87bed | 6043 | @kindex M C (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6044 | @findex gnus-summary-catchup |
6045 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-catchup} | |
6046 | Mark all unread articles as read (@code{gnus-summary-catchup}). | |
6047 | ||
6048 | @item M C-c | |
23f87bed | 6049 | @kindex M C-c (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6050 | @findex gnus-summary-catchup-all |
6051 | Mark all articles in the group as read---even the ticked and dormant | |
6052 | articles (@code{gnus-summary-catchup-all}). | |
6053 | ||
6054 | @item M H | |
23f87bed | 6055 | @kindex M H (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 | 6056 | @findex gnus-summary-catchup-to-here |
23f87bed | 6057 | Catchup the current group to point (before the point) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6058 | (@code{gnus-summary-catchup-to-here}). |
6059 | ||
23f87bed MB |
6060 | @item M h |
6061 | @kindex M h (Summary) | |
6062 | @findex gnus-summary-catchup-from-here | |
6063 | Catchup the current group from point (after the point) | |
6064 | (@code{gnus-summary-catchup-from-here}). | |
6065 | ||
6bf7aab6 | 6066 | @item C-w |
23f87bed | 6067 | @kindex C-w (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6068 | @findex gnus-summary-mark-region-as-read |
6069 | Mark all articles between point and mark as read | |
6070 | (@code{gnus-summary-mark-region-as-read}). | |
6071 | ||
6072 | @item M V k | |
23f87bed | 6073 | @kindex M V k (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6074 | @findex gnus-summary-kill-below |
6075 | Kill all articles with scores below the default score (or below the | |
6076 | numeric prefix) (@code{gnus-summary-kill-below}). | |
6077 | ||
6078 | @item M e | |
6079 | @itemx E | |
23f87bed MB |
6080 | @kindex M e (Summary) |
6081 | @kindex E (Summary) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6082 | @findex gnus-summary-mark-as-expirable |
6083 | Mark the current article as expirable | |
6084 | (@code{gnus-summary-mark-as-expirable}). | |
6085 | ||
6086 | @item M b | |
23f87bed | 6087 | @kindex M b (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6088 | @findex gnus-summary-set-bookmark |
6089 | Set a bookmark in the current article | |
6090 | (@code{gnus-summary-set-bookmark}). | |
6091 | ||
6092 | @item M B | |
23f87bed | 6093 | @kindex M B (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6094 | @findex gnus-summary-remove-bookmark |
6095 | Remove the bookmark from the current article | |
6096 | (@code{gnus-summary-remove-bookmark}). | |
6097 | ||
6098 | @item M V c | |
23f87bed | 6099 | @kindex M V c (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6100 | @findex gnus-summary-clear-above |
6101 | Clear all marks from articles with scores over the default score (or | |
6102 | over the numeric prefix) (@code{gnus-summary-clear-above}). | |
6103 | ||
6104 | @item M V u | |
23f87bed | 6105 | @kindex M V u (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6106 | @findex gnus-summary-tick-above |
6107 | Tick all articles with scores over the default score (or over the | |
6108 | numeric prefix) (@code{gnus-summary-tick-above}). | |
6109 | ||
6110 | @item M V m | |
23f87bed | 6111 | @kindex M V m (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6112 | @findex gnus-summary-mark-above |
6113 | Prompt for a mark, and mark all articles with scores over the default | |
6114 | score (or over the numeric prefix) with this mark | |
6115 | (@code{gnus-summary-clear-above}). | |
6116 | @end table | |
6117 | ||
6118 | @vindex gnus-summary-goto-unread | |
6119 | The @code{gnus-summary-goto-unread} variable controls what action should | |
6120 | be taken after setting a mark. If non-@code{nil}, point will move to | |
6121 | the next/previous unread article. If @code{nil}, point will just move | |
6122 | one line up or down. As a special case, if this variable is | |
6123 | @code{never}, all the marking commands as well as other commands (like | |
23f87bed | 6124 | @kbd{SPACE}) will move to the next article, whether it is unread or not. |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6125 | The default is @code{t}. |
6126 | ||
6127 | ||
2625a8f7 GM |
6128 | @node Generic Marking Commands |
6129 | @subsection Generic Marking Commands | |
6130 | ||
6131 | Some people would like the command that ticks an article (@kbd{!}) go to | |
6132 | the next article. Others would like it to go to the next unread | |
6133 | article. Yet others would like it to stay on the current article. And | |
6134 | even though I haven't heard of anybody wanting it to go to the | |
6135 | previous (unread) article, I'm sure there are people that want that as | |
6136 | well. | |
6137 | ||
23f87bed | 6138 | Multiply these five behaviors with five different marking commands, and |
2625a8f7 GM |
6139 | you get a potentially complex set of variable to control what each |
6140 | command should do. | |
6141 | ||
6142 | To sidestep that mess, Gnus provides commands that do all these | |
6143 | different things. They can be found on the @kbd{M M} map in the summary | |
6144 | buffer. Type @kbd{M M C-h} to see them all---there are too many of them | |
6145 | to list in this manual. | |
6146 | ||
6147 | While you can use these commands directly, most users would prefer | |
6148 | altering the summary mode keymap. For instance, if you would like the | |
6149 | @kbd{!} command to go to the next article instead of the next unread | |
6150 | article, you could say something like: | |
6151 | ||
6152 | @lisp | |
23f87bed | 6153 | @group |
2625a8f7 GM |
6154 | (add-hook 'gnus-summary-mode-hook 'my-alter-summary-map) |
6155 | (defun my-alter-summary-map () | |
6156 | (local-set-key "!" 'gnus-summary-put-mark-as-ticked-next)) | |
23f87bed | 6157 | @end group |
2625a8f7 GM |
6158 | @end lisp |
6159 | ||
23f87bed | 6160 | @noindent |
2625a8f7 GM |
6161 | or |
6162 | ||
6163 | @lisp | |
6164 | (defun my-alter-summary-map () | |
6165 | (local-set-key "!" "MM!n")) | |
6166 | @end lisp | |
6167 | ||
6168 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
6169 | @node Setting Process Marks |
6170 | @subsection Setting Process Marks | |
6171 | @cindex setting process marks | |
6172 | ||
23f87bed MB |
6173 | Process marks are displayed as @code{#} in the summary buffer, and are |
6174 | used for marking articles in such a way that other commands will | |
6175 | process these articles. For instance, if you process mark four | |
6176 | articles and then use the @kbd{*} command, Gnus will enter these four | |
6177 | commands into the cache. For more information, | |
6178 | @pxref{Process/Prefix}. | |
6179 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
6180 | @table @kbd |
6181 | ||
6182 | @item M P p | |
6183 | @itemx # | |
23f87bed MB |
6184 | @kindex # (Summary) |
6185 | @kindex M P p (Summary) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6186 | @findex gnus-summary-mark-as-processable |
6187 | Mark the current article with the process mark | |
6188 | (@code{gnus-summary-mark-as-processable}). | |
6189 | @findex gnus-summary-unmark-as-processable | |
6190 | ||
6191 | @item M P u | |
6192 | @itemx M-# | |
23f87bed MB |
6193 | @kindex M P u (Summary) |
6194 | @kindex M-# (Summary) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6195 | Remove the process mark, if any, from the current article |
6196 | (@code{gnus-summary-unmark-as-processable}). | |
6197 | ||
6198 | @item M P U | |
23f87bed | 6199 | @kindex M P U (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6200 | @findex gnus-summary-unmark-all-processable |
6201 | Remove the process mark from all articles | |
6202 | (@code{gnus-summary-unmark-all-processable}). | |
6203 | ||
6204 | @item M P i | |
23f87bed | 6205 | @kindex M P i (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6206 | @findex gnus-uu-invert-processable |
6207 | Invert the list of process marked articles | |
6208 | (@code{gnus-uu-invert-processable}). | |
6209 | ||
6210 | @item M P R | |
23f87bed | 6211 | @kindex M P R (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6212 | @findex gnus-uu-mark-by-regexp |
6213 | Mark articles that have a @code{Subject} header that matches a regular | |
6214 | expression (@code{gnus-uu-mark-by-regexp}). | |
6215 | ||
2625a8f7 | 6216 | @item M P G |
23f87bed | 6217 | @kindex M P G (Summary) |
2625a8f7 GM |
6218 | @findex gnus-uu-unmark-by-regexp |
6219 | Unmark articles that have a @code{Subject} header that matches a regular | |
6220 | expression (@code{gnus-uu-unmark-by-regexp}). | |
6221 | ||
6bf7aab6 | 6222 | @item M P r |
23f87bed | 6223 | @kindex M P r (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6224 | @findex gnus-uu-mark-region |
6225 | Mark articles in region (@code{gnus-uu-mark-region}). | |
6226 | ||
23f87bed MB |
6227 | @item M P g |
6228 | @kindex M P g (Summary) | |
6229 | @findex gnus-uu-unmark-region | |
6230 | Unmark articles in region (@code{gnus-uu-unmark-region}). | |
6231 | ||
6bf7aab6 | 6232 | @item M P t |
23f87bed | 6233 | @kindex M P t (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6234 | @findex gnus-uu-mark-thread |
6235 | Mark all articles in the current (sub)thread | |
6236 | (@code{gnus-uu-mark-thread}). | |
6237 | ||
6238 | @item M P T | |
23f87bed | 6239 | @kindex M P T (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6240 | @findex gnus-uu-unmark-thread |
6241 | Unmark all articles in the current (sub)thread | |
6242 | (@code{gnus-uu-unmark-thread}). | |
6243 | ||
6244 | @item M P v | |
23f87bed | 6245 | @kindex M P v (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6246 | @findex gnus-uu-mark-over |
6247 | Mark all articles that have a score above the prefix argument | |
6248 | (@code{gnus-uu-mark-over}). | |
6249 | ||
6250 | @item M P s | |
23f87bed | 6251 | @kindex M P s (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6252 | @findex gnus-uu-mark-series |
6253 | Mark all articles in the current series (@code{gnus-uu-mark-series}). | |
6254 | ||
6255 | @item M P S | |
23f87bed | 6256 | @kindex M P S (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6257 | @findex gnus-uu-mark-sparse |
6258 | Mark all series that have already had some articles marked | |
6259 | (@code{gnus-uu-mark-sparse}). | |
6260 | ||
6261 | @item M P a | |
23f87bed | 6262 | @kindex M P a (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 | 6263 | @findex gnus-uu-mark-all |
f4dd4ae8 | 6264 | Mark all articles in series order (@code{gnus-uu-mark-all}). |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6265 | |
6266 | @item M P b | |
23f87bed | 6267 | @kindex M P b (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6268 | @findex gnus-uu-mark-buffer |
6269 | Mark all articles in the buffer in the order they appear | |
6270 | (@code{gnus-uu-mark-buffer}). | |
6271 | ||
6272 | @item M P k | |
23f87bed | 6273 | @kindex M P k (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6274 | @findex gnus-summary-kill-process-mark |
6275 | Push the current process mark set onto the stack and unmark all articles | |
6276 | (@code{gnus-summary-kill-process-mark}). | |
6277 | ||
6278 | @item M P y | |
23f87bed | 6279 | @kindex M P y (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6280 | @findex gnus-summary-yank-process-mark |
6281 | Pop the previous process mark set from the stack and restore it | |
6282 | (@code{gnus-summary-yank-process-mark}). | |
6283 | ||
6284 | @item M P w | |
23f87bed | 6285 | @kindex M P w (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6286 | @findex gnus-summary-save-process-mark |
6287 | Push the current process mark set onto the stack | |
6288 | (@code{gnus-summary-save-process-mark}). | |
6289 | ||
6290 | @end table | |
6291 | ||
23f87bed | 6292 | Also see the @kbd{&} command in @ref{Searching for Articles}, for how to |
2625a8f7 GM |
6293 | set process marks based on article body contents. |
6294 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
6295 | |
6296 | @node Limiting | |
6297 | @section Limiting | |
6298 | @cindex limiting | |
6299 | ||
6300 | It can be convenient to limit the summary buffer to just show some | |
6301 | subset of the articles currently in the group. The effect most limit | |
6302 | commands have is to remove a few (or many) articles from the summary | |
6303 | buffer. | |
6304 | ||
6305 | All limiting commands work on subsets of the articles already fetched | |
6306 | from the servers. None of these commands query the server for | |
6307 | additional articles. | |
6308 | ||
6309 | @table @kbd | |
6310 | ||
6311 | @item / / | |
6312 | @itemx / s | |
23f87bed | 6313 | @kindex / / (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6314 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-to-subject |
6315 | Limit the summary buffer to articles that match some subject | |
23f87bed MB |
6316 | (@code{gnus-summary-limit-to-subject}). If given a prefix, exclude |
6317 | matching articles. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6318 | |
6319 | @item / a | |
23f87bed | 6320 | @kindex / a (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6321 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-to-author |
6322 | Limit the summary buffer to articles that match some author | |
23f87bed MB |
6323 | (@code{gnus-summary-limit-to-author}). If given a prefix, exclude |
6324 | matching articles. | |
6bf7aab6 | 6325 | |
2625a8f7 | 6326 | @item / x |
23f87bed | 6327 | @kindex / x (Summary) |
2625a8f7 GM |
6328 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-to-extra |
6329 | Limit the summary buffer to articles that match one of the ``extra'' | |
6330 | headers (@pxref{To From Newsgroups}) | |
23f87bed MB |
6331 | (@code{gnus-summary-limit-to-extra}). If given a prefix, exclude |
6332 | matching articles. | |
2625a8f7 | 6333 | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6334 | @item / u |
6335 | @itemx x | |
23f87bed MB |
6336 | @kindex / u (Summary) |
6337 | @kindex x (Summary) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6338 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-to-unread |
6339 | Limit the summary buffer to articles not marked as read | |
6340 | (@code{gnus-summary-limit-to-unread}). If given a prefix, limit the | |
6341 | buffer to articles strictly unread. This means that ticked and | |
6342 | dormant articles will also be excluded. | |
6343 | ||
6344 | @item / m | |
23f87bed | 6345 | @kindex / m (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6346 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-to-marks |
6347 | Ask for a mark and then limit to all articles that have been marked | |
6348 | with that mark (@code{gnus-summary-limit-to-marks}). | |
6349 | ||
6350 | @item / t | |
23f87bed | 6351 | @kindex / t (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6352 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-to-age |
6353 | Ask for a number and then limit the summary buffer to articles older than (or equal to) that number of days | |
2625a8f7 | 6354 | (@code{gnus-summary-limit-to-age}). If given a prefix, limit to |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6355 | articles younger than that number of days. |
6356 | ||
6357 | @item / n | |
23f87bed | 6358 | @kindex / n (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 | 6359 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-to-articles |
b110774a MB |
6360 | With prefix @samp{n}, limit the summary buffer to the next @samp{n} |
6361 | articles. If not given a prefix, use the process marked articles | |
6362 | instead. (@code{gnus-summary-limit-to-articles}). | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6363 | |
6364 | @item / w | |
23f87bed | 6365 | @kindex / w (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6366 | @findex gnus-summary-pop-limit |
6367 | Pop the previous limit off the stack and restore it | |
6368 | (@code{gnus-summary-pop-limit}). If given a prefix, pop all limits off | |
6369 | the stack. | |
6370 | ||
23f87bed MB |
6371 | @item / . |
6372 | @kindex / . (Summary) | |
6373 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-to-unseen | |
6374 | Limit the summary buffer to the unseen articles | |
6375 | (@code{gnus-summary-limit-to-unseen}). | |
6376 | ||
6bf7aab6 | 6377 | @item / v |
23f87bed | 6378 | @kindex / v (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6379 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-to-score |
6380 | Limit the summary buffer to articles that have a score at or above some | |
6381 | score (@code{gnus-summary-limit-to-score}). | |
6382 | ||
23f87bed MB |
6383 | @item / p |
6384 | @kindex / p (Summary) | |
6385 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-to-display-predicate | |
6386 | Limit the summary buffer to articles that satisfy the @code{display} | |
6387 | group parameter predicate | |
6388 | (@code{gnus-summary-limit-to-display-predicate}). @xref{Group | |
6389 | Parameters}, for more on this predicate. | |
6390 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
6391 | @item / E |
6392 | @itemx M S | |
23f87bed MB |
6393 | @kindex M S (Summary) |
6394 | @kindex / E (Summary) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6395 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-include-expunged |
6396 | Include all expunged articles in the limit | |
6397 | (@code{gnus-summary-limit-include-expunged}). | |
6398 | ||
6399 | @item / D | |
23f87bed | 6400 | @kindex / D (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6401 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-include-dormant |
6402 | Include all dormant articles in the limit | |
6403 | (@code{gnus-summary-limit-include-dormant}). | |
6404 | ||
6405 | @item / * | |
23f87bed | 6406 | @kindex / * (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6407 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-include-cached |
6408 | Include all cached articles in the limit | |
6409 | (@code{gnus-summary-limit-include-cached}). | |
6410 | ||
6411 | @item / d | |
23f87bed | 6412 | @kindex / d (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6413 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-exclude-dormant |
6414 | Exclude all dormant articles from the limit | |
6415 | (@code{gnus-summary-limit-exclude-dormant}). | |
6416 | ||
2625a8f7 | 6417 | @item / M |
23f87bed | 6418 | @kindex / M (Summary) |
2625a8f7 GM |
6419 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-exclude-marks |
6420 | Exclude all marked articles (@code{gnus-summary-limit-exclude-marks}). | |
6421 | ||
6bf7aab6 | 6422 | @item / T |
23f87bed | 6423 | @kindex / T (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6424 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-include-thread |
6425 | Include all the articles in the current thread in the limit. | |
6426 | ||
6427 | @item / c | |
23f87bed | 6428 | @kindex / c (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 | 6429 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-exclude-childless-dormant |
23f87bed | 6430 | Exclude all dormant articles that have no children from the limit@* |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6431 | (@code{gnus-summary-limit-exclude-childless-dormant}). |
6432 | ||
6433 | @item / C | |
23f87bed | 6434 | @kindex / C (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6435 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-mark-excluded-as-read |
6436 | Mark all excluded unread articles as read | |
23f87bed | 6437 | (@code{gnus-summary-limit-mark-excluded-as-read}). If given a prefix, |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6438 | also mark excluded ticked and dormant articles as read. |
6439 | ||
23f87bed MB |
6440 | @item / N |
6441 | @kindex / N (Summary) | |
6442 | @findex gnus-summary-insert-new-articles | |
6443 | Insert all new articles in the summary buffer. It scans for new emails | |
6444 | if @var{back-end}@code{-get-new-mail} is non-@code{nil}. | |
6445 | ||
6446 | @item / o | |
6447 | @kindex / o (Summary) | |
6448 | @findex gnus-summary-insert-old-articles | |
6449 | Insert all old articles in the summary buffer. If given a numbered | |
6450 | prefix, fetch this number of articles. | |
6451 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
6452 | @end table |
6453 | ||
6454 | ||
6455 | @node Threading | |
6456 | @section Threading | |
6457 | @cindex threading | |
6458 | @cindex article threading | |
6459 | ||
6460 | Gnus threads articles by default. @dfn{To thread} is to put responses | |
6461 | to articles directly after the articles they respond to---in a | |
6462 | hierarchical fashion. | |
6463 | ||
6464 | Threading is done by looking at the @code{References} headers of the | |
6465 | articles. In a perfect world, this would be enough to build pretty | |
6466 | trees, but unfortunately, the @code{References} header is often broken | |
f5d4cd5e | 6467 | or simply missing. Weird news propagation exacerbates the problem, |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6468 | so one has to employ other heuristics to get pleasing results. A |
6469 | plethora of approaches exists, as detailed in horrible detail in | |
23f87bed | 6470 | @ref{Customizing Threading}. |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6471 | |
6472 | First, a quick overview of the concepts: | |
6473 | ||
6474 | @table @dfn | |
6475 | @item root | |
6476 | The top-most article in a thread; the first article in the thread. | |
6477 | ||
6478 | @item thread | |
6479 | A tree-like article structure. | |
6480 | ||
6481 | @item sub-thread | |
6482 | A small(er) section of this tree-like structure. | |
6483 | ||
6484 | @item loose threads | |
6485 | Threads often lose their roots due to article expiry, or due to the root | |
6486 | already having been read in a previous session, and not displayed in the | |
6487 | summary buffer. We then typically have many sub-threads that really | |
6488 | belong to one thread, but are without connecting roots. These are | |
6489 | called loose threads. | |
6490 | ||
6491 | @item thread gathering | |
6492 | An attempt to gather loose threads into bigger threads. | |
6493 | ||
6494 | @item sparse threads | |
6495 | A thread where the missing articles have been ``guessed'' at, and are | |
6496 | displayed as empty lines in the summary buffer. | |
6497 | ||
6498 | @end table | |
6499 | ||
6500 | ||
6501 | @menu | |
23f87bed MB |
6502 | * Customizing Threading:: Variables you can change to affect the threading. |
6503 | * Thread Commands:: Thread based commands in the summary buffer. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6504 | @end menu |
6505 | ||
6506 | ||
6507 | @node Customizing Threading | |
6508 | @subsection Customizing Threading | |
6509 | @cindex customizing threading | |
6510 | ||
6511 | @menu | |
23f87bed MB |
6512 | * Loose Threads:: How Gnus gathers loose threads into bigger threads. |
6513 | * Filling In Threads:: Making the threads displayed look fuller. | |
6514 | * More Threading:: Even more variables for fiddling with threads. | |
6515 | * Low-Level Threading:: You thought it was over@dots{} but you were wrong! | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6516 | @end menu |
6517 | ||
6518 | ||
6519 | @node Loose Threads | |
6520 | @subsubsection Loose Threads | |
6521 | @cindex < | |
6522 | @cindex > | |
6523 | @cindex loose threads | |
6524 | ||
6525 | @table @code | |
6526 | @item gnus-summary-make-false-root | |
6527 | @vindex gnus-summary-make-false-root | |
6528 | If non-@code{nil}, Gnus will gather all loose subtrees into one big tree | |
6529 | and create a dummy root at the top. (Wait a minute. Root at the top? | |
6530 | Yup.) Loose subtrees occur when the real root has expired, or you've | |
6531 | read or killed the root in a previous session. | |
6532 | ||
6533 | When there is no real root of a thread, Gnus will have to fudge | |
6534 | something. This variable says what fudging method Gnus should use. | |
6535 | There are four possible values: | |
6536 | ||
2625a8f7 GM |
6537 | @iftex |
6538 | @iflatex | |
6539 | \gnusfigure{The Summary Buffer}{390}{ | |
23f87bed MB |
6540 | \put(0,0){\epsfig{figure=ps/summary-adopt,width=7.5cm}} |
6541 | \put(445,0){\makebox(0,0)[br]{\epsfig{figure=ps/summary-empty,width=7.5cm}}} | |
6542 | \put(0,400){\makebox(0,0)[tl]{\epsfig{figure=ps/summary-none,width=7.5cm}}} | |
6543 | \put(445,400){\makebox(0,0)[tr]{\epsfig{figure=ps/summary-dummy,width=7.5cm}}} | |
2625a8f7 GM |
6544 | } |
6545 | @end iflatex | |
6546 | @end iftex | |
6547 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
6548 | @cindex adopting articles |
6549 | ||
6550 | @table @code | |
6551 | ||
6552 | @item adopt | |
6553 | Gnus will make the first of the orphaned articles the parent. This | |
6554 | parent will adopt all the other articles. The adopted articles will be | |
6555 | marked as such by pointy brackets (@samp{<>}) instead of the standard | |
6556 | square brackets (@samp{[]}). This is the default method. | |
6557 | ||
6558 | @item dummy | |
6559 | @vindex gnus-summary-dummy-line-format | |
23f87bed | 6560 | @vindex gnus-summary-make-false-root-always |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6561 | Gnus will create a dummy summary line that will pretend to be the |
6562 | parent. This dummy line does not correspond to any real article, so | |
6563 | selecting it will just select the first real article after the dummy | |
6564 | article. @code{gnus-summary-dummy-line-format} is used to specify the | |
6565 | format of the dummy roots. It accepts only one format spec: @samp{S}, | |
6566 | which is the subject of the article. @xref{Formatting Variables}. | |
23f87bed MB |
6567 | If you want all threads to have a dummy root, even the non-gathered |
6568 | ones, set @code{gnus-summary-make-false-root-always} to @code{t}. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6569 | |
6570 | @item empty | |
6571 | Gnus won't actually make any article the parent, but simply leave the | |
6572 | subject field of all orphans except the first empty. (Actually, it will | |
6573 | use @code{gnus-summary-same-subject} as the subject (@pxref{Summary | |
6574 | Buffer Format}).) | |
6575 | ||
6576 | @item none | |
6577 | Don't make any article parent at all. Just gather the threads and | |
6578 | display them after one another. | |
6579 | ||
6580 | @item nil | |
6581 | Don't gather loose threads. | |
6582 | @end table | |
6583 | ||
6584 | @item gnus-summary-gather-subject-limit | |
6585 | @vindex gnus-summary-gather-subject-limit | |
6586 | Loose threads are gathered by comparing subjects of articles. If this | |
6587 | variable is @code{nil}, Gnus requires an exact match between the | |
6588 | subjects of the loose threads before gathering them into one big | |
6589 | super-thread. This might be too strict a requirement, what with the | |
6590 | presence of stupid newsreaders that chop off long subject lines. If | |
6591 | you think so, set this variable to, say, 20 to require that only the | |
6592 | first 20 characters of the subjects have to match. If you set this | |
6593 | variable to a really low number, you'll find that Gnus will gather | |
6594 | everything in sight into one thread, which isn't very helpful. | |
6595 | ||
6596 | @cindex fuzzy article gathering | |
6597 | If you set this variable to the special value @code{fuzzy}, Gnus will | |
6598 | use a fuzzy string comparison algorithm on the subjects (@pxref{Fuzzy | |
6599 | Matching}). | |
6600 | ||
6601 | @item gnus-simplify-subject-fuzzy-regexp | |
6602 | @vindex gnus-simplify-subject-fuzzy-regexp | |
6603 | This can either be a regular expression or list of regular expressions | |
6604 | that match strings that will be removed from subjects if fuzzy subject | |
6605 | simplification is used. | |
6606 | ||
6607 | @item gnus-simplify-ignored-prefixes | |
6608 | @vindex gnus-simplify-ignored-prefixes | |
6609 | If you set @code{gnus-summary-gather-subject-limit} to something as low | |
6610 | as 10, you might consider setting this variable to something sensible: | |
6611 | ||
6612 | @c Written by Michael Ernst <mernst@cs.rice.edu> | |
6613 | @lisp | |
6614 | (setq gnus-simplify-ignored-prefixes | |
6615 | (concat | |
6616 | "\\`\\[?\\(" | |
6617 | (mapconcat | |
6618 | 'identity | |
6619 | '("looking" | |
6620 | "wanted" "followup" "summary\\( of\\)?" | |
6621 | "help" "query" "problem" "question" | |
6622 | "answer" "reference" "announce" | |
6623 | "How can I" "How to" "Comparison of" | |
6624 | ;; ... | |
6625 | ) | |
6626 | "\\|") | |
6627 | "\\)\\s *\\(" | |
6628 | (mapconcat 'identity | |
6629 | '("for" "for reference" "with" "about") | |
6630 | "\\|") | |
6631 | "\\)?\\]?:?[ \t]*")) | |
6632 | @end lisp | |
6633 | ||
6634 | All words that match this regexp will be removed before comparing two | |
6635 | subjects. | |
6636 | ||
6637 | @item gnus-simplify-subject-functions | |
6638 | @vindex gnus-simplify-subject-functions | |
6639 | If non-@code{nil}, this variable overrides | |
6640 | @code{gnus-summary-gather-subject-limit}. This variable should be a | |
6641 | list of functions to apply to the @code{Subject} string iteratively to | |
6642 | arrive at the simplified version of the string. | |
6643 | ||
6644 | Useful functions to put in this list include: | |
6645 | ||
6646 | @table @code | |
6647 | @item gnus-simplify-subject-re | |
6648 | @findex gnus-simplify-subject-re | |
6649 | Strip the leading @samp{Re:}. | |
6650 | ||
6651 | @item gnus-simplify-subject-fuzzy | |
6652 | @findex gnus-simplify-subject-fuzzy | |
6653 | Simplify fuzzily. | |
6654 | ||
6655 | @item gnus-simplify-whitespace | |
6656 | @findex gnus-simplify-whitespace | |
6657 | Remove excessive whitespace. | |
23f87bed MB |
6658 | |
6659 | @item gnus-simplify-all-whitespace | |
6660 | @findex gnus-simplify-all-whitespace | |
6661 | Remove all whitespace. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6662 | @end table |
6663 | ||
6664 | You may also write your own functions, of course. | |
6665 | ||
6666 | ||
6667 | @item gnus-summary-gather-exclude-subject | |
6668 | @vindex gnus-summary-gather-exclude-subject | |
6669 | Since loose thread gathering is done on subjects only, that might lead | |
6670 | to many false hits, especially with certain common subjects like | |
6671 | @samp{} and @samp{(none)}. To make the situation slightly better, | |
6672 | you can use the regexp @code{gnus-summary-gather-exclude-subject} to say | |
6673 | what subjects should be excluded from the gathering process.@* | |
6674 | The default is @samp{^ *$\\|^(none)$}. | |
6675 | ||
6676 | @item gnus-summary-thread-gathering-function | |
6677 | @vindex gnus-summary-thread-gathering-function | |
6678 | Gnus gathers threads by looking at @code{Subject} headers. This means | |
6679 | that totally unrelated articles may end up in the same ``thread'', which | |
6680 | is confusing. An alternate approach is to look at all the | |
6681 | @code{Message-ID}s in all the @code{References} headers to find matches. | |
6682 | This will ensure that no gathered threads ever include unrelated | |
6683 | articles, but it also means that people who have posted with broken | |
6684 | newsreaders won't be gathered properly. The choice is yours---plague or | |
6685 | cholera: | |
6686 | ||
6687 | @table @code | |
6688 | @item gnus-gather-threads-by-subject | |
6689 | @findex gnus-gather-threads-by-subject | |
6690 | This function is the default gathering function and looks at | |
6691 | @code{Subject}s exclusively. | |
6692 | ||
6693 | @item gnus-gather-threads-by-references | |
6694 | @findex gnus-gather-threads-by-references | |
6695 | This function looks at @code{References} headers exclusively. | |
6696 | @end table | |
6697 | ||
6698 | If you want to test gathering by @code{References}, you could say | |
6699 | something like: | |
6700 | ||
6701 | @lisp | |
6702 | (setq gnus-summary-thread-gathering-function | |
6703 | 'gnus-gather-threads-by-references) | |
6704 | @end lisp | |
6705 | ||
6706 | @end table | |
6707 | ||
6708 | ||
6709 | @node Filling In Threads | |
6710 | @subsubsection Filling In Threads | |
6711 | ||
6712 | @table @code | |
6713 | @item gnus-fetch-old-headers | |
6714 | @vindex gnus-fetch-old-headers | |
6715 | If non-@code{nil}, Gnus will attempt to build old threads by fetching | |
23f87bed MB |
6716 | more old headers---headers to articles marked as read. If you would |
6717 | like to display as few summary lines as possible, but still connect as | |
6718 | many loose threads as possible, you should set this variable to | |
6719 | @code{some} or a number. If you set it to a number, no more than that | |
6720 | number of extra old headers will be fetched. In either case, fetching | |
6721 | old headers only works if the back end you are using carries overview | |
6722 | files---this would normally be @code{nntp}, @code{nnspool}, | |
6723 | @code{nnml}, and @code{nnmaildir}. Also remember that if the root of | |
6724 | the thread has been expired by the server, there's not much Gnus can | |
6725 | do about that. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6726 | |
6727 | This variable can also be set to @code{invisible}. This won't have any | |
6728 | visible effects, but is useful if you use the @kbd{A T} command a lot | |
6729 | (@pxref{Finding the Parent}). | |
6730 | ||
23f87bed MB |
6731 | @item gnus-fetch-old-ephemeral-headers |
6732 | @vindex gnus-fetch-old-ephemeral-headers | |
6733 | Same as @code{gnus-fetch-old-headers}, but only used for ephemeral | |
6734 | newsgroups. | |
6735 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
6736 | @item gnus-build-sparse-threads |
6737 | @vindex gnus-build-sparse-threads | |
6738 | Fetching old headers can be slow. A low-rent similar effect can be | |
6739 | gotten by setting this variable to @code{some}. Gnus will then look at | |
6740 | the complete @code{References} headers of all articles and try to string | |
6741 | together articles that belong in the same thread. This will leave | |
6742 | @dfn{gaps} in the threading display where Gnus guesses that an article | |
6743 | is missing from the thread. (These gaps appear like normal summary | |
6744 | lines. If you select a gap, Gnus will try to fetch the article in | |
6745 | question.) If this variable is @code{t}, Gnus will display all these | |
6746 | ``gaps'' without regard for whether they are useful for completing the | |
6747 | thread or not. Finally, if this variable is @code{more}, Gnus won't cut | |
6748 | off sparse leaf nodes that don't lead anywhere. This variable is | |
6749 | @code{nil} by default. | |
6750 | ||
23f87bed MB |
6751 | @item gnus-read-all-available-headers |
6752 | @vindex gnus-read-all-available-headers | |
6753 | This is a rather obscure variable that few will find useful. It's | |
6754 | intended for those non-news newsgroups where the back end has to fetch | |
6755 | quite a lot to present the summary buffer, and where it's impossible to | |
6756 | go back to parents of articles. This is mostly the case in the | |
6757 | web-based groups, like the @code{nnultimate} groups. | |
6758 | ||
6759 | If you don't use those, then it's safe to leave this as the default | |
6760 | @code{nil}. If you want to use this variable, it should be a regexp | |
6761 | that matches the group name, or @code{t} for all groups. | |
6762 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
6763 | @end table |
6764 | ||
6765 | ||
6766 | @node More Threading | |
6767 | @subsubsection More Threading | |
6768 | ||
6769 | @table @code | |
6770 | @item gnus-show-threads | |
6771 | @vindex gnus-show-threads | |
6772 | If this variable is @code{nil}, no threading will be done, and all of | |
6773 | the rest of the variables here will have no effect. Turning threading | |
6774 | off will speed group selection up a bit, but it is sure to make reading | |
6775 | slower and more awkward. | |
6776 | ||
6777 | @item gnus-thread-hide-subtree | |
6778 | @vindex gnus-thread-hide-subtree | |
6779 | If non-@code{nil}, all threads will be hidden when the summary buffer is | |
6780 | generated. | |
6781 | ||
23f87bed MB |
6782 | This can also be a predicate specifier (@pxref{Predicate Specifiers}). |
6783 | Available predicates are @code{gnus-article-unread-p} and | |
6784 | @code{gnus-article-unseen-p}. | |
6785 | ||
6786 | Here's an example: | |
6787 | ||
6788 | @lisp | |
6789 | (setq gnus-thread-hide-subtree | |
6790 | '(or gnus-article-unread-p | |
6791 | gnus-article-unseen-p)) | |
6792 | @end lisp | |
6793 | ||
6794 | (It's a pretty nonsensical example, since all unseen articles are also | |
6795 | unread, but you get my drift.) | |
6796 | ||
6797 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
6798 | @item gnus-thread-expunge-below |
6799 | @vindex gnus-thread-expunge-below | |
6800 | All threads that have a total score (as defined by | |
6801 | @code{gnus-thread-score-function}) less than this number will be | |
6802 | expunged. This variable is @code{nil} by default, which means that no | |
6803 | threads are expunged. | |
6804 | ||
6805 | @item gnus-thread-hide-killed | |
6806 | @vindex gnus-thread-hide-killed | |
6807 | if you kill a thread and this variable is non-@code{nil}, the subtree | |
6808 | will be hidden. | |
6809 | ||
6810 | @item gnus-thread-ignore-subject | |
6811 | @vindex gnus-thread-ignore-subject | |
6812 | Sometimes somebody changes the subject in the middle of a thread. If | |
23f87bed MB |
6813 | this variable is non-@code{nil}, which is the default, the subject |
6814 | change is ignored. If it is @code{nil}, a change in the subject will | |
6815 | result in a new thread. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6816 | |
6817 | @item gnus-thread-indent-level | |
6818 | @vindex gnus-thread-indent-level | |
6819 | This is a number that says how much each sub-thread should be indented. | |
6820 | The default is 4. | |
6821 | ||
2625a8f7 GM |
6822 | @item gnus-sort-gathered-threads-function |
6823 | @vindex gnus-sort-gathered-threads-function | |
6824 | Sometimes, particularly with mailing lists, the order in which mails | |
6825 | arrive locally is not necessarily the same as the order in which they | |
6826 | arrived on the mailing list. Consequently, when sorting sub-threads | |
6827 | using the default @code{gnus-thread-sort-by-number}, responses can end | |
6828 | up appearing before the article to which they are responding to. | |
6829 | Setting this variable to an alternate value | |
6830 | (e.g. @code{gnus-thread-sort-by-date}), in a group's parameters or in an | |
6831 | appropriate hook (e.g. @code{gnus-summary-generate-hook}) can produce a | |
6832 | more logical sub-thread ordering in such instances. | |
6833 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
6834 | @end table |
6835 | ||
6836 | ||
6837 | @node Low-Level Threading | |
6838 | @subsubsection Low-Level Threading | |
6839 | ||
6840 | @table @code | |
6841 | ||
6842 | @item gnus-parse-headers-hook | |
6843 | @vindex gnus-parse-headers-hook | |
2625a8f7 | 6844 | Hook run before parsing any headers. |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6845 | |
6846 | @item gnus-alter-header-function | |
6847 | @vindex gnus-alter-header-function | |
6848 | If non-@code{nil}, this function will be called to allow alteration of | |
6849 | article header structures. The function is called with one parameter, | |
6850 | the article header vector, which it may alter in any way. For instance, | |
6851 | if you have a mail-to-news gateway which alters the @code{Message-ID}s | |
6852 | in systematic ways (by adding prefixes and such), you can use this | |
6853 | variable to un-scramble the @code{Message-ID}s so that they are more | |
6854 | meaningful. Here's one example: | |
6855 | ||
6856 | @lisp | |
6857 | (setq gnus-alter-header-function 'my-alter-message-id) | |
6858 | ||
6859 | (defun my-alter-message-id (header) | |
6860 | (let ((id (mail-header-id header))) | |
6861 | (when (string-match | |
6862 | "\\(<[^<>@@]*\\)\\.?cygnus\\..*@@\\([^<>@@]*>\\)" id) | |
6863 | (mail-header-set-id | |
6864 | (concat (match-string 1 id) "@@" (match-string 2 id)) | |
6865 | header)))) | |
6866 | @end lisp | |
6867 | ||
6868 | @end table | |
6869 | ||
6870 | ||
6871 | @node Thread Commands | |
6872 | @subsection Thread Commands | |
6873 | @cindex thread commands | |
6874 | ||
6875 | @table @kbd | |
6876 | ||
6877 | @item T k | |
718fb8a1 | 6878 | @itemx C-M-k |
23f87bed MB |
6879 | @kindex T k (Summary) |
6880 | @kindex C-M-k (Summary) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6881 | @findex gnus-summary-kill-thread |
6882 | Mark all articles in the current (sub-)thread as read | |
6883 | (@code{gnus-summary-kill-thread}). If the prefix argument is positive, | |
6884 | remove all marks instead. If the prefix argument is negative, tick | |
6885 | articles instead. | |
6886 | ||
6887 | @item T l | |
718fb8a1 | 6888 | @itemx C-M-l |
23f87bed MB |
6889 | @kindex T l (Summary) |
6890 | @kindex C-M-l (Summary) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6891 | @findex gnus-summary-lower-thread |
6892 | Lower the score of the current (sub-)thread | |
6893 | (@code{gnus-summary-lower-thread}). | |
6894 | ||
6895 | @item T i | |
23f87bed | 6896 | @kindex T i (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6897 | @findex gnus-summary-raise-thread |
6898 | Increase the score of the current (sub-)thread | |
6899 | (@code{gnus-summary-raise-thread}). | |
6900 | ||
6901 | @item T # | |
23f87bed | 6902 | @kindex T # (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6903 | @findex gnus-uu-mark-thread |
6904 | Set the process mark on the current (sub-)thread | |
6905 | (@code{gnus-uu-mark-thread}). | |
6906 | ||
6907 | @item T M-# | |
23f87bed | 6908 | @kindex T M-# (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6909 | @findex gnus-uu-unmark-thread |
6910 | Remove the process mark from the current (sub-)thread | |
6911 | (@code{gnus-uu-unmark-thread}). | |
6912 | ||
6913 | @item T T | |
23f87bed | 6914 | @kindex T T (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6915 | @findex gnus-summary-toggle-threads |
6916 | Toggle threading (@code{gnus-summary-toggle-threads}). | |
6917 | ||
6918 | @item T s | |
23f87bed | 6919 | @kindex T s (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 | 6920 | @findex gnus-summary-show-thread |
23f87bed | 6921 | Expose the (sub-)thread hidden under the current article, if any@* |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6922 | (@code{gnus-summary-show-thread}). |
6923 | ||
6924 | @item T h | |
23f87bed | 6925 | @kindex T h (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6926 | @findex gnus-summary-hide-thread |
6927 | Hide the current (sub-)thread (@code{gnus-summary-hide-thread}). | |
6928 | ||
6929 | @item T S | |
23f87bed | 6930 | @kindex T S (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6931 | @findex gnus-summary-show-all-threads |
6932 | Expose all hidden threads (@code{gnus-summary-show-all-threads}). | |
6933 | ||
6934 | @item T H | |
23f87bed | 6935 | @kindex T H (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6936 | @findex gnus-summary-hide-all-threads |
6937 | Hide all threads (@code{gnus-summary-hide-all-threads}). | |
6938 | ||
6939 | @item T t | |
23f87bed | 6940 | @kindex T t (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6941 | @findex gnus-summary-rethread-current |
6942 | Re-thread the current article's thread | |
6943 | (@code{gnus-summary-rethread-current}). This works even when the | |
6944 | summary buffer is otherwise unthreaded. | |
6945 | ||
6946 | @item T ^ | |
23f87bed | 6947 | @kindex T ^ (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6948 | @findex gnus-summary-reparent-thread |
6949 | Make the current article the child of the marked (or previous) article | |
6950 | (@code{gnus-summary-reparent-thread}). | |
6951 | ||
6952 | @end table | |
6953 | ||
6954 | The following commands are thread movement commands. They all | |
6955 | understand the numeric prefix. | |
6956 | ||
6957 | @table @kbd | |
6958 | ||
6959 | @item T n | |
23f87bed MB |
6960 | @kindex T n (Summary) |
6961 | @itemx C-M-f | |
6962 | @kindex C-M-n (Summary) | |
2625a8f7 | 6963 | @itemx M-down |
23f87bed | 6964 | @kindex M-down (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6965 | @findex gnus-summary-next-thread |
6966 | Go to the next thread (@code{gnus-summary-next-thread}). | |
6967 | ||
6968 | @item T p | |
23f87bed MB |
6969 | @kindex T p (Summary) |
6970 | @itemx C-M-b | |
6971 | @kindex C-M-p (Summary) | |
2625a8f7 | 6972 | @itemx M-up |
23f87bed | 6973 | @kindex M-up (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6974 | @findex gnus-summary-prev-thread |
6975 | Go to the previous thread (@code{gnus-summary-prev-thread}). | |
6976 | ||
6977 | @item T d | |
23f87bed | 6978 | @kindex T d (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6979 | @findex gnus-summary-down-thread |
6980 | Descend the thread (@code{gnus-summary-down-thread}). | |
6981 | ||
6982 | @item T u | |
23f87bed | 6983 | @kindex T u (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6984 | @findex gnus-summary-up-thread |
6985 | Ascend the thread (@code{gnus-summary-up-thread}). | |
6986 | ||
6987 | @item T o | |
23f87bed | 6988 | @kindex T o (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6989 | @findex gnus-summary-top-thread |
6990 | Go to the top of the thread (@code{gnus-summary-top-thread}). | |
6991 | @end table | |
6992 | ||
6993 | @vindex gnus-thread-operation-ignore-subject | |
6994 | If you ignore subject while threading, you'll naturally end up with | |
6995 | threads that have several different subjects in them. If you then issue | |
ad0fd6b9 | 6996 | a command like @kbd{T k} (@code{gnus-summary-kill-thread}) you might not |
6bf7aab6 DL |
6997 | wish to kill the entire thread, but just those parts of the thread that |
6998 | have the same subject as the current article. If you like this idea, | |
6999 | you can fiddle with @code{gnus-thread-operation-ignore-subject}. If it | |
7000 | is non-@code{nil} (which it is by default), subjects will be ignored | |
7001 | when doing thread commands. If this variable is @code{nil}, articles in | |
7002 | the same thread with different subjects will not be included in the | |
7003 | operation in question. If this variable is @code{fuzzy}, only articles | |
7004 | that have subjects fuzzily equal will be included (@pxref{Fuzzy | |
7005 | Matching}). | |
7006 | ||
7007 | ||
23f87bed MB |
7008 | @node Sorting the Summary Buffer |
7009 | @section Sorting the Summary Buffer | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
7010 | |
7011 | @findex gnus-thread-sort-by-total-score | |
7012 | @findex gnus-thread-sort-by-date | |
7013 | @findex gnus-thread-sort-by-score | |
7014 | @findex gnus-thread-sort-by-subject | |
7015 | @findex gnus-thread-sort-by-author | |
7016 | @findex gnus-thread-sort-by-number | |
23f87bed | 7017 | @findex gnus-thread-sort-by-random |
6bf7aab6 | 7018 | @vindex gnus-thread-sort-functions |
23f87bed MB |
7019 | @findex gnus-thread-sort-by-most-recent-number |
7020 | @findex gnus-thread-sort-by-most-recent-date | |
6bf7aab6 | 7021 | If you are using a threaded summary display, you can sort the threads by |
2625a8f7 GM |
7022 | setting @code{gnus-thread-sort-functions}, which can be either a single |
7023 | function, a list of functions, or a list containing functions and | |
7024 | @code{(not some-function)} elements. | |
7025 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
7026 | By default, sorting is done on article numbers. Ready-made sorting |
7027 | predicate functions include @code{gnus-thread-sort-by-number}, | |
7028 | @code{gnus-thread-sort-by-author}, @code{gnus-thread-sort-by-subject}, | |
23f87bed MB |
7029 | @code{gnus-thread-sort-by-date}, @code{gnus-thread-sort-by-score}, |
7030 | @code{gnus-thread-sort-by-most-recent-number}, | |
7031 | @code{gnus-thread-sort-by-most-recent-date}, | |
7032 | @code{gnus-thread-sort-by-random} and | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
7033 | @code{gnus-thread-sort-by-total-score}. |
7034 | ||
7035 | Each function takes two threads and returns non-@code{nil} if the first | |
7036 | thread should be sorted before the other. Note that sorting really is | |
2625a8f7 GM |
7037 | normally done by looking only at the roots of each thread. |
7038 | ||
7039 | If you use more than one function, the primary sort key should be the | |
7040 | last function in the list. You should probably always include | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
7041 | @code{gnus-thread-sort-by-number} in the list of sorting |
7042 | functions---preferably first. This will ensure that threads that are | |
7043 | equal with respect to the other sort criteria will be displayed in | |
7044 | ascending article order. | |
7045 | ||
2625a8f7 GM |
7046 | If you would like to sort by reverse score, then by subject, and finally |
7047 | by number, you could do something like: | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
7048 | |
7049 | @lisp | |
7050 | (setq gnus-thread-sort-functions | |
7051 | '(gnus-thread-sort-by-number | |
7052 | gnus-thread-sort-by-subject | |
2625a8f7 | 7053 | (not gnus-thread-sort-by-total-score))) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
7054 | @end lisp |
7055 | ||
7056 | The threads that have highest score will be displayed first in the | |
7057 | summary buffer. When threads have the same score, they will be sorted | |
7058 | alphabetically. The threads that have the same score and the same | |
7059 | subject will be sorted by number, which is (normally) the sequence in | |
7060 | which the articles arrived. | |
7061 | ||
7062 | If you want to sort by score and then reverse arrival order, you could | |
7063 | say something like: | |
7064 | ||
7065 | @lisp | |
7066 | (setq gnus-thread-sort-functions | |
7067 | '((lambda (t1 t2) | |
7068 | (not (gnus-thread-sort-by-number t1 t2))) | |
7069 | gnus-thread-sort-by-score)) | |
7070 | @end lisp | |
7071 | ||
7072 | @vindex gnus-thread-score-function | |
7073 | The function in the @code{gnus-thread-score-function} variable (default | |
7074 | @code{+}) is used for calculating the total score of a thread. Useful | |
7075 | functions might be @code{max}, @code{min}, or squared means, or whatever | |
7076 | tickles your fancy. | |
7077 | ||
7078 | @findex gnus-article-sort-functions | |
7079 | @findex gnus-article-sort-by-date | |
7080 | @findex gnus-article-sort-by-score | |
7081 | @findex gnus-article-sort-by-subject | |
7082 | @findex gnus-article-sort-by-author | |
23f87bed | 7083 | @findex gnus-article-sort-by-random |
6bf7aab6 | 7084 | @findex gnus-article-sort-by-number |
23f87bed MB |
7085 | If you are using an unthreaded display for some strange reason or |
7086 | other, you have to fiddle with the @code{gnus-article-sort-functions} | |
7087 | variable. It is very similar to the | |
7088 | @code{gnus-thread-sort-functions}, except that it uses slightly | |
7089 | different functions for article comparison. Available sorting | |
7090 | predicate functions are @code{gnus-article-sort-by-number}, | |
7091 | @code{gnus-article-sort-by-author}, | |
7092 | @code{gnus-article-sort-by-subject}, @code{gnus-article-sort-by-date}, | |
7093 | @code{gnus-article-sort-by-random}, and | |
7094 | @code{gnus-article-sort-by-score}. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
7095 | |
7096 | If you want to sort an unthreaded summary display by subject, you could | |
7097 | say something like: | |
7098 | ||
7099 | @lisp | |
7100 | (setq gnus-article-sort-functions | |
7101 | '(gnus-article-sort-by-number | |
7102 | gnus-article-sort-by-subject)) | |
7103 | @end lisp | |
7104 | ||
7105 | ||
7106 | ||
7107 | @node Asynchronous Fetching | |
7108 | @section Asynchronous Article Fetching | |
7109 | @cindex asynchronous article fetching | |
7110 | @cindex article pre-fetch | |
7111 | @cindex pre-fetch | |
7112 | ||
23f87bed | 7113 | If you read your news from an @acronym{NNTP} server that's far away, the |
6bf7aab6 DL |
7114 | network latencies may make reading articles a chore. You have to wait |
7115 | for a while after pressing @kbd{n} to go to the next article before the | |
7116 | article appears. Why can't Gnus just go ahead and fetch the article | |
7117 | while you are reading the previous one? Why not, indeed. | |
7118 | ||
7119 | First, some caveats. There are some pitfalls to using asynchronous | |
7120 | article fetching, especially the way Gnus does it. | |
7121 | ||
7122 | Let's say you are reading article 1, which is short, and article 2 is | |
7123 | quite long, and you are not interested in reading that. Gnus does not | |
7124 | know this, so it goes ahead and fetches article 2. You decide to read | |
7125 | article 3, but since Gnus is in the process of fetching article 2, the | |
7126 | connection is blocked. | |
7127 | ||
7128 | To avoid these situations, Gnus will open two (count 'em two) | |
7129 | connections to the server. Some people may think this isn't a very nice | |
7130 | thing to do, but I don't see any real alternatives. Setting up that | |
7131 | extra connection takes some time, so Gnus startup will be slower. | |
7132 | ||
7133 | Gnus will fetch more articles than you will read. This will mean that | |
23f87bed | 7134 | the link between your machine and the @acronym{NNTP} server will become more |
6bf7aab6 DL |
7135 | loaded than if you didn't use article pre-fetch. The server itself will |
7136 | also become more loaded---both with the extra article requests, and the | |
7137 | extra connection. | |
7138 | ||
23f87bed | 7139 | Ok, so now you know that you shouldn't really use this thing@dots{} unless |
6bf7aab6 DL |
7140 | you really want to. |
7141 | ||
7142 | @vindex gnus-asynchronous | |
7143 | Here's how: Set @code{gnus-asynchronous} to @code{t}. The rest should | |
7144 | happen automatically. | |
7145 | ||
7146 | @vindex gnus-use-article-prefetch | |
7147 | You can control how many articles are to be pre-fetched by setting | |
7148 | @code{gnus-use-article-prefetch}. This is 30 by default, which means | |
a8edc211 SZ |
7149 | that when you read an article in the group, the back end will pre-fetch |
7150 | the next 30 articles. If this variable is @code{t}, the back end will | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
7151 | pre-fetch all the articles it can without bound. If it is |
7152 | @code{nil}, no pre-fetching will be done. | |
7153 | ||
7154 | @vindex gnus-async-prefetch-article-p | |
7155 | @findex gnus-async-read-p | |
7156 | There are probably some articles that you don't want to pre-fetch---read | |
23f87bed MB |
7157 | articles, for instance. The @code{gnus-async-prefetch-article-p} |
7158 | variable controls whether an article is to be pre-fetched. This | |
7159 | function should return non-@code{nil} when the article in question is | |
7160 | to be pre-fetched. The default is @code{gnus-async-read-p}, which | |
7161 | returns @code{nil} on read articles. The function is called with an | |
7162 | article data structure as the only parameter. | |
6bf7aab6 | 7163 | |
23f87bed MB |
7164 | If, for instance, you wish to pre-fetch only unread articles shorter |
7165 | than 100 lines, you could say something like: | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
7166 | |
7167 | @lisp | |
7168 | (defun my-async-short-unread-p (data) | |
7169 | "Return non-nil for short, unread articles." | |
7170 | (and (gnus-data-unread-p data) | |
7171 | (< (mail-header-lines (gnus-data-header data)) | |
7172 | 100))) | |
7173 | ||
7174 | (setq gnus-async-prefetch-article-p 'my-async-short-unread-p) | |
7175 | @end lisp | |
7176 | ||
7177 | These functions will be called many, many times, so they should | |
7178 | preferably be short and sweet to avoid slowing down Gnus too much. | |
7179 | It's probably a good idea to byte-compile things like this. | |
7180 | ||
7181 | @vindex gnus-prefetched-article-deletion-strategy | |
7182 | Articles have to be removed from the asynch buffer sooner or later. The | |
7183 | @code{gnus-prefetched-article-deletion-strategy} says when to remove | |
7184 | articles. This is a list that may contain the following elements: | |
7185 | ||
7186 | @table @code | |
7187 | @item read | |
7188 | Remove articles when they are read. | |
7189 | ||
7190 | @item exit | |
7191 | Remove articles when exiting the group. | |
7192 | @end table | |
7193 | ||
7194 | The default value is @code{(read exit)}. | |
7195 | ||
7196 | @c @vindex gnus-use-header-prefetch | |
7197 | @c If @code{gnus-use-header-prefetch} is non-@code{nil}, prefetch articles | |
7198 | @c from the next group. | |
7199 | ||
7200 | ||
7201 | @node Article Caching | |
7202 | @section Article Caching | |
7203 | @cindex article caching | |
7204 | @cindex caching | |
7205 | ||
23f87bed | 7206 | If you have an @emph{extremely} slow @acronym{NNTP} connection, you may |
6bf7aab6 DL |
7207 | consider turning article caching on. Each article will then be stored |
7208 | locally under your home directory. As you may surmise, this could | |
7209 | potentially use @emph{huge} amounts of disk space, as well as eat up all | |
7210 | your inodes so fast it will make your head swim. In vodka. | |
7211 | ||
7212 | Used carefully, though, it could be just an easier way to save articles. | |
7213 | ||
7214 | @vindex gnus-use-long-file-name | |
7215 | @vindex gnus-cache-directory | |
7216 | @vindex gnus-use-cache | |
7217 | To turn caching on, set @code{gnus-use-cache} to @code{t}. By default, | |
7218 | all articles ticked or marked as dormant will then be copied | |
7219 | over to your local cache (@code{gnus-cache-directory}). Whether this | |
f5d4cd5e | 7220 | cache is flat or hierarchical is controlled by the |
6bf7aab6 DL |
7221 | @code{gnus-use-long-file-name} variable, as usual. |
7222 | ||
7223 | When re-selecting a ticked or dormant article, it will be fetched from the | |
7224 | cache instead of from the server. As articles in your cache will never | |
7225 | expire, this might serve as a method of saving articles while still | |
7226 | keeping them where they belong. Just mark all articles you want to save | |
7227 | as dormant, and don't worry. | |
7228 | ||
7229 | When an article is marked as read, is it removed from the cache. | |
7230 | ||
7231 | @vindex gnus-cache-remove-articles | |
7232 | @vindex gnus-cache-enter-articles | |
7233 | The entering/removal of articles from the cache is controlled by the | |
7234 | @code{gnus-cache-enter-articles} and @code{gnus-cache-remove-articles} | |
7235 | variables. Both are lists of symbols. The first is @code{(ticked | |
7236 | dormant)} by default, meaning that ticked and dormant articles will be | |
7237 | put in the cache. The latter is @code{(read)} by default, meaning that | |
7238 | articles marked as read are removed from the cache. Possibly | |
7239 | symbols in these two lists are @code{ticked}, @code{dormant}, | |
7240 | @code{unread} and @code{read}. | |
7241 | ||
7242 | @findex gnus-jog-cache | |
7243 | So where does the massive article-fetching and storing come into the | |
7244 | picture? The @code{gnus-jog-cache} command will go through all | |
7245 | subscribed newsgroups, request all unread articles, score them, and | |
7246 | store them in the cache. You should only ever, ever ever ever, use this | |
23f87bed | 7247 | command if 1) your connection to the @acronym{NNTP} server is really, really, |
6bf7aab6 DL |
7248 | really slow and 2) you have a really, really, really huge disk. |
7249 | Seriously. One way to cut down on the number of articles downloaded is | |
7250 | to score unwanted articles down and have them marked as read. They will | |
7251 | not then be downloaded by this command. | |
7252 | ||
7253 | @vindex gnus-uncacheable-groups | |
7254 | @vindex gnus-cacheable-groups | |
7255 | It is likely that you do not want caching on all groups. For instance, | |
7256 | if your @code{nnml} mail is located under your home directory, it makes no | |
7257 | sense to cache it somewhere else under your home directory. Unless you | |
2625a8f7 | 7258 | feel that it's neat to use twice as much space. |
6bf7aab6 DL |
7259 | |
7260 | To limit the caching, you could set @code{gnus-cacheable-groups} to a | |
7261 | regexp of groups to cache, @samp{^nntp} for instance, or set the | |
7262 | @code{gnus-uncacheable-groups} regexp to @samp{^nnml}, for instance. | |
2625a8f7 | 7263 | Both variables are @code{nil} by default. If a group matches both |
6bf7aab6 DL |
7264 | variables, the group is not cached. |
7265 | ||
7266 | @findex gnus-cache-generate-nov-databases | |
7267 | @findex gnus-cache-generate-active | |
7268 | @vindex gnus-cache-active-file | |
7269 | The cache stores information on what articles it contains in its active | |
7270 | file (@code{gnus-cache-active-file}). If this file (or any other parts | |
7271 | of the cache) becomes all messed up for some reason or other, Gnus | |
7272 | offers two functions that will try to set things right. @kbd{M-x | |
23f87bed | 7273 | gnus-cache-generate-nov-databases} will (re)build all the @acronym{NOV} |
6bf7aab6 DL |
7274 | files, and @kbd{gnus-cache-generate-active} will (re)generate the active |
7275 | file. | |
7276 | ||
23f87bed MB |
7277 | @findex gnus-cache-move-cache |
7278 | @code{gnus-cache-move-cache} will move your whole | |
7279 | @code{gnus-cache-directory} to some other location. You get asked to | |
7280 | where, isn't that cool? | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
7281 | |
7282 | @node Persistent Articles | |
7283 | @section Persistent Articles | |
7284 | @cindex persistent articles | |
7285 | ||
7286 | Closely related to article caching, we have @dfn{persistent articles}. | |
7287 | In fact, it's just a different way of looking at caching, and much more | |
7288 | useful in my opinion. | |
7289 | ||
7290 | Say you're reading a newsgroup, and you happen on to some valuable gem | |
7291 | that you want to keep and treasure forever. You'd normally just save it | |
7292 | (using one of the many saving commands) in some file. The problem with | |
7293 | that is that it's just, well, yucky. Ideally you'd prefer just having | |
7294 | the article remain in the group where you found it forever; untouched by | |
7295 | the expiry going on at the news server. | |
7296 | ||
7297 | This is what a @dfn{persistent article} is---an article that just won't | |
7298 | be deleted. It's implemented using the normal cache functions, but | |
7299 | you use two explicit commands for managing persistent articles: | |
7300 | ||
7301 | @table @kbd | |
7302 | ||
7303 | @item * | |
23f87bed | 7304 | @kindex * (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
7305 | @findex gnus-cache-enter-article |
7306 | Make the current article persistent (@code{gnus-cache-enter-article}). | |
7307 | ||
7308 | @item M-* | |
23f87bed | 7309 | @kindex M-* (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
7310 | @findex gnus-cache-remove-article |
7311 | Remove the current article from the persistent articles | |
7312 | (@code{gnus-cache-remove-article}). This will normally delete the | |
7313 | article. | |
7314 | @end table | |
7315 | ||
7316 | Both these commands understand the process/prefix convention. | |
7317 | ||
7318 | To avoid having all ticked articles (and stuff) entered into the cache, | |
7319 | you should set @code{gnus-use-cache} to @code{passive} if you're just | |
7320 | interested in persistent articles: | |
7321 | ||
7322 | @lisp | |
7323 | (setq gnus-use-cache 'passive) | |
7324 | @end lisp | |
7325 | ||
7326 | ||
7327 | @node Article Backlog | |
7328 | @section Article Backlog | |
7329 | @cindex backlog | |
7330 | @cindex article backlog | |
7331 | ||
7332 | If you have a slow connection, but the idea of using caching seems | |
7333 | unappealing to you (and it is, really), you can help the situation some | |
7334 | by switching on the @dfn{backlog}. This is where Gnus will buffer | |
7335 | already read articles so that it doesn't have to re-fetch articles | |
7336 | you've already read. This only helps if you are in the habit of | |
7337 | re-selecting articles you've recently read, of course. If you never do | |
7338 | that, turning the backlog on will slow Gnus down a little bit, and | |
7339 | increase memory usage some. | |
7340 | ||
7341 | @vindex gnus-keep-backlog | |
7342 | If you set @code{gnus-keep-backlog} to a number @var{n}, Gnus will store | |
7343 | at most @var{n} old articles in a buffer for later re-fetching. If this | |
7344 | variable is non-@code{nil} and is not a number, Gnus will store | |
7345 | @emph{all} read articles, which means that your Emacs will grow without | |
7346 | bound before exploding and taking your machine down with you. I put | |
7347 | that in there just to keep y'all on your toes. | |
7348 | ||
23f87bed | 7349 | The default value is 20. |
6bf7aab6 DL |
7350 | |
7351 | ||
7352 | @node Saving Articles | |
7353 | @section Saving Articles | |
7354 | @cindex saving articles | |
7355 | ||
7356 | Gnus can save articles in a number of ways. Below is the documentation | |
7357 | for saving articles in a fairly straight-forward fashion (i.e., little | |
7358 | processing of the article is done before it is saved). For a different | |
7359 | approach (uudecoding, unsharing) you should use @code{gnus-uu} | |
7360 | (@pxref{Decoding Articles}). | |
7361 | ||
23f87bed MB |
7362 | For the commands listed here, the target is a file. If you want to |
7363 | save to a group, see the @kbd{B c} (@code{gnus-summary-copy-article}) | |
7364 | command (@pxref{Mail Group Commands}). | |
7365 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
7366 | @vindex gnus-save-all-headers |
7367 | If @code{gnus-save-all-headers} is non-@code{nil}, Gnus will not delete | |
7368 | unwanted headers before saving the article. | |
7369 | ||
7370 | @vindex gnus-saved-headers | |
7371 | If the preceding variable is @code{nil}, all headers that match the | |
7372 | @code{gnus-saved-headers} regexp will be kept, while the rest will be | |
7373 | deleted before saving. | |
7374 | ||
7375 | @table @kbd | |
7376 | ||
7377 | @item O o | |
7378 | @itemx o | |
23f87bed MB |
7379 | @kindex O o (Summary) |
7380 | @kindex o (Summary) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
7381 | @findex gnus-summary-save-article |
7382 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-save-article} | |
7383 | Save the current article using the default article saver | |
7384 | (@code{gnus-summary-save-article}). | |
7385 | ||
7386 | @item O m | |
23f87bed | 7387 | @kindex O m (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 | 7388 | @findex gnus-summary-save-article-mail |
f18df03d | 7389 | Save the current article in a Unix mail box (mbox) file |
6bf7aab6 DL |
7390 | (@code{gnus-summary-save-article-mail}). |
7391 | ||
7392 | @item O r | |
23f87bed | 7393 | @kindex O r (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 | 7394 | @findex gnus-summary-save-article-rmail |
23f87bed | 7395 | Save the current article in Rmail format |
6bf7aab6 DL |
7396 | (@code{gnus-summary-save-article-rmail}). |
7397 | ||
7398 | @item O f | |
23f87bed | 7399 | @kindex O f (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
7400 | @findex gnus-summary-save-article-file |
7401 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-save-article-file} | |
7402 | Save the current article in plain file format | |
7403 | (@code{gnus-summary-save-article-file}). | |
7404 | ||
7405 | @item O F | |
23f87bed | 7406 | @kindex O F (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
7407 | @findex gnus-summary-write-article-file |
7408 | Write the current article in plain file format, overwriting any previous | |
7409 | file contents (@code{gnus-summary-write-article-file}). | |
7410 | ||
7411 | @item O b | |
23f87bed | 7412 | @kindex O b (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
7413 | @findex gnus-summary-save-article-body-file |
7414 | Save the current article body in plain file format | |
7415 | (@code{gnus-summary-save-article-body-file}). | |
7416 | ||
7417 | @item O h | |
23f87bed | 7418 | @kindex O h (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
7419 | @findex gnus-summary-save-article-folder |
7420 | Save the current article in mh folder format | |
7421 | (@code{gnus-summary-save-article-folder}). | |
7422 | ||
7423 | @item O v | |
23f87bed | 7424 | @kindex O v (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
7425 | @findex gnus-summary-save-article-vm |
7426 | Save the current article in a VM folder | |
7427 | (@code{gnus-summary-save-article-vm}). | |
7428 | ||
7429 | @item O p | |
23f87bed MB |
7430 | @itemx | |
7431 | @kindex O p (Summary) | |
7432 | @kindex | (Summary) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
7433 | @findex gnus-summary-pipe-output |
7434 | Save the current article in a pipe. Uhm, like, what I mean is---Pipe | |
7435 | the current article to a process (@code{gnus-summary-pipe-output}). | |
23f87bed MB |
7436 | If given a symbolic prefix (@pxref{Symbolic Prefixes}), include the |
7437 | complete headers in the piped output. | |
7438 | ||
7439 | @item O P | |
7440 | @kindex O P (Summary) | |
7441 | @findex gnus-summary-muttprint | |
7442 | @vindex gnus-summary-muttprint-program | |
7443 | Save the current article into muttprint. That is, print it using the | |
7444 | external program @uref{http://muttprint.sourceforge.net/, | |
7445 | Muttprint}. The program name and options to use is controlled by the | |
7446 | variable @code{gnus-summary-muttprint-program}. | |
7447 | (@code{gnus-summary-muttprint}). | |
7448 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
7449 | @end table |
7450 | ||
7451 | @vindex gnus-prompt-before-saving | |
7452 | All these commands use the process/prefix convention | |
7453 | (@pxref{Process/Prefix}). If you save bunches of articles using these | |
7454 | functions, you might get tired of being prompted for files to save each | |
7455 | and every article in. The prompting action is controlled by | |
7456 | the @code{gnus-prompt-before-saving} variable, which is @code{always} by | |
7457 | default, giving you that excessive prompting action you know and | |
7458 | loathe. If you set this variable to @code{t} instead, you'll be prompted | |
7459 | just once for each series of articles you save. If you like to really | |
7460 | have Gnus do all your thinking for you, you can even set this variable | |
7461 | to @code{nil}, which means that you will never be prompted for files to | |
7462 | save articles in. Gnus will simply save all the articles in the default | |
7463 | files. | |
7464 | ||
7465 | ||
7466 | @vindex gnus-default-article-saver | |
7467 | You can customize the @code{gnus-default-article-saver} variable to make | |
26c9afc3 | 7468 | Gnus do what you want it to. You can use any of the eight ready-made |
6bf7aab6 DL |
7469 | functions below, or you can create your own. |
7470 | ||
7471 | @table @code | |
7472 | ||
7473 | @item gnus-summary-save-in-rmail | |
7474 | @findex gnus-summary-save-in-rmail | |
7475 | @vindex gnus-rmail-save-name | |
7476 | @findex gnus-plain-save-name | |
23f87bed | 7477 | This is the default format, @dfn{Babyl}. Uses the function in the |
6bf7aab6 DL |
7478 | @code{gnus-rmail-save-name} variable to get a file name to save the |
7479 | article in. The default is @code{gnus-plain-save-name}. | |
7480 | ||
7481 | @item gnus-summary-save-in-mail | |
7482 | @findex gnus-summary-save-in-mail | |
7483 | @vindex gnus-mail-save-name | |
7484 | Save in a Unix mail (mbox) file. Uses the function in the | |
7485 | @code{gnus-mail-save-name} variable to get a file name to save the | |
7486 | article in. The default is @code{gnus-plain-save-name}. | |
7487 | ||
7488 | @item gnus-summary-save-in-file | |
7489 | @findex gnus-summary-save-in-file | |
7490 | @vindex gnus-file-save-name | |
7491 | @findex gnus-numeric-save-name | |
7492 | Append the article straight to an ordinary file. Uses the function in | |
7493 | the @code{gnus-file-save-name} variable to get a file name to save the | |
7494 | article in. The default is @code{gnus-numeric-save-name}. | |
7495 | ||
23f87bed MB |
7496 | @item gnus-summary-write-to-file |
7497 | @findex gnus-summary-write-to-file | |
7498 | Write the article straight to an ordinary file. The file is | |
7499 | overwritten if it exists. Uses the function in the | |
7500 | @code{gnus-file-save-name} variable to get a file name to save the | |
7501 | article in. The default is @code{gnus-numeric-save-name}. | |
7502 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
7503 | @item gnus-summary-save-body-in-file |
7504 | @findex gnus-summary-save-body-in-file | |
7505 | Append the article body to an ordinary file. Uses the function in the | |
7506 | @code{gnus-file-save-name} variable to get a file name to save the | |
7507 | article in. The default is @code{gnus-numeric-save-name}. | |
7508 | ||
26c9afc3 MB |
7509 | @item gnus-summary-write-body-to-file |
7510 | @findex gnus-summary-write-body-to-file | |
7511 | Write the article body straight to an ordinary file. The file is | |
7512 | overwritten if it exists. Uses the function in the | |
7513 | @code{gnus-file-save-name} variable to get a file name to save the | |
7514 | article in. The default is @code{gnus-numeric-save-name}. | |
7515 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
7516 | @item gnus-summary-save-in-folder |
7517 | @findex gnus-summary-save-in-folder | |
7518 | @findex gnus-folder-save-name | |
7519 | @findex gnus-Folder-save-name | |
7520 | @vindex gnus-folder-save-name | |
7521 | @cindex rcvstore | |
7522 | @cindex MH folders | |
7523 | Save the article to an MH folder using @code{rcvstore} from the MH | |
7524 | library. Uses the function in the @code{gnus-folder-save-name} variable | |
7525 | to get a file name to save the article in. The default is | |
7526 | @code{gnus-folder-save-name}, but you can also use | |
7527 | @code{gnus-Folder-save-name}, which creates capitalized names. | |
7528 | ||
7529 | @item gnus-summary-save-in-vm | |
7530 | @findex gnus-summary-save-in-vm | |
7531 | Save the article in a VM folder. You have to have the VM mail | |
7532 | reader to use this setting. | |
7533 | @end table | |
7534 | ||
26c9afc3 MB |
7535 | The symbol of each function may have the following properties: |
7536 | ||
7537 | @table @code | |
7538 | @item :decode | |
7539 | The value non-@code{nil} means save decoded articles. This is | |
7540 | meaningful only with @code{gnus-summary-save-in-file}, | |
7541 | @code{gnus-summary-save-body-in-file}, | |
7542 | @code{gnus-summary-write-to-file}, and | |
7543 | @code{gnus-summary-write-body-to-file}. | |
7544 | ||
7545 | @item :function | |
7546 | The value specifies an alternative function which appends, not | |
7547 | overwrites, articles to a file. This implies that when saving many | |
7548 | articles at a time, @code{gnus-prompt-before-saving} is bound to | |
7549 | @code{t} and all articles are saved in a single file. This is | |
7550 | meaningful only with @code{gnus-summary-write-to-file} and | |
7551 | @code{gnus-summary-write-body-to-file}. | |
7552 | ||
7553 | @item :headers | |
7554 | The value specifies the symbol of a variable of which the value | |
7555 | specifies headers to be saved. If it is omitted, | |
7556 | @code{gnus-save-all-headers} and @code{gnus-saved-headers} control what | |
7557 | headers should be saved. | |
7558 | @end table | |
7559 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
7560 | @vindex gnus-article-save-directory |
7561 | All of these functions, except for the last one, will save the article | |
7562 | in the @code{gnus-article-save-directory}, which is initialized from the | |
23f87bed | 7563 | @env{SAVEDIR} environment variable. This is @file{~/News/} by |
6bf7aab6 DL |
7564 | default. |
7565 | ||
7566 | As you can see above, the functions use different functions to find a | |
7567 | suitable name of a file to save the article in. Below is a list of | |
7568 | available functions that generate names: | |
7569 | ||
7570 | @table @code | |
7571 | ||
7572 | @item gnus-Numeric-save-name | |
7573 | @findex gnus-Numeric-save-name | |
7574 | File names like @file{~/News/Alt.andrea-dworkin/45}. | |
7575 | ||
7576 | @item gnus-numeric-save-name | |
7577 | @findex gnus-numeric-save-name | |
7578 | File names like @file{~/News/alt.andrea-dworkin/45}. | |
7579 | ||
7580 | @item gnus-Plain-save-name | |
7581 | @findex gnus-Plain-save-name | |
7582 | File names like @file{~/News/Alt.andrea-dworkin}. | |
7583 | ||
7584 | @item gnus-plain-save-name | |
7585 | @findex gnus-plain-save-name | |
7586 | File names like @file{~/News/alt.andrea-dworkin}. | |
23f87bed MB |
7587 | |
7588 | @item gnus-sender-save-name | |
7589 | @findex gnus-sender-save-name | |
7590 | File names like @file{~/News/larsi}. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
7591 | @end table |
7592 | ||
7593 | @vindex gnus-split-methods | |
7594 | You can have Gnus suggest where to save articles by plonking a regexp into | |
7595 | the @code{gnus-split-methods} alist. For instance, if you would like to | |
7596 | save articles related to Gnus in the file @file{gnus-stuff}, and articles | |
23f87bed | 7597 | related to VM in @file{vm-stuff}, you could set this variable to something |
6bf7aab6 DL |
7598 | like: |
7599 | ||
7600 | @lisp | |
7601 | (("^Subject:.*gnus\\|^Newsgroups:.*gnus" "gnus-stuff") | |
7602 | ("^Subject:.*vm\\|^Xref:.*vm" "vm-stuff") | |
7603 | (my-choosing-function "../other-dir/my-stuff") | |
7604 | ((equal gnus-newsgroup-name "mail.misc") "mail-stuff")) | |
7605 | @end lisp | |
7606 | ||
7607 | We see that this is a list where each element is a list that has two | |
7608 | elements---the @dfn{match} and the @dfn{file}. The match can either be | |
7609 | a string (in which case it is used as a regexp to match on the article | |
7610 | head); it can be a symbol (which will be called as a function with the | |
7611 | group name as a parameter); or it can be a list (which will be | |
7612 | @code{eval}ed). If any of these actions have a non-@code{nil} result, | |
7613 | the @dfn{file} will be used as a default prompt. In addition, the | |
7614 | result of the operation itself will be used if the function or form | |
7615 | called returns a string or a list of strings. | |
7616 | ||
7617 | You basically end up with a list of file names that might be used when | |
7618 | saving the current article. (All ``matches'' will be used.) You will | |
7619 | then be prompted for what you really want to use as a name, with file | |
7620 | name completion over the results from applying this variable. | |
7621 | ||
7622 | This variable is @code{((gnus-article-archive-name))} by default, which | |
7623 | means that Gnus will look at the articles it saves for an | |
7624 | @code{Archive-name} line and use that as a suggestion for the file | |
7625 | name. | |
7626 | ||
7627 | Here's an example function to clean up file names somewhat. If you have | |
7628 | lots of mail groups called things like | |
7629 | @samp{nnml:mail.whatever}, you may want to chop off the beginning of | |
7630 | these group names before creating the file name to save to. The | |
7631 | following will do just that: | |
7632 | ||
7633 | @lisp | |
7634 | (defun my-save-name (group) | |
7635 | (when (string-match "^nnml:mail." group) | |
7636 | (substring group (match-end 0)))) | |
7637 | ||
7638 | (setq gnus-split-methods | |
7639 | '((gnus-article-archive-name) | |
7640 | (my-save-name))) | |
7641 | @end lisp | |
7642 | ||
7643 | ||
7644 | @vindex gnus-use-long-file-name | |
7645 | Finally, you have the @code{gnus-use-long-file-name} variable. If it is | |
7646 | @code{nil}, all the preceding functions will replace all periods | |
7647 | (@samp{.}) in the group names with slashes (@samp{/})---which means that | |
7648 | the functions will generate hierarchies of directories instead of having | |
7649 | all the files in the top level directory | |
7650 | (@file{~/News/alt/andrea-dworkin} instead of | |
7651 | @file{~/News/alt.andrea-dworkin}.) This variable is @code{t} by default | |
7652 | on most systems. However, for historical reasons, this is @code{nil} on | |
7653 | Xenix and usg-unix-v machines by default. | |
7654 | ||
7655 | This function also affects kill and score file names. If this variable | |
7656 | is a list, and the list contains the element @code{not-score}, long file | |
7657 | names will not be used for score files, if it contains the element | |
7658 | @code{not-save}, long file names will not be used for saving, and if it | |
7659 | contains the element @code{not-kill}, long file names will not be used | |
7660 | for kill files. | |
7661 | ||
7662 | If you'd like to save articles in a hierarchy that looks something like | |
7663 | a spool, you could | |
7664 | ||
7665 | @lisp | |
23f87bed | 7666 | (setq gnus-use-long-file-name '(not-save)) ; @r{to get a hierarchy} |
177c0ea7 | 7667 | (setq gnus-default-article-saver |
23f87bed | 7668 | 'gnus-summary-save-in-file) ; @r{no encoding} |
6bf7aab6 DL |
7669 | @end lisp |
7670 | ||
7671 | Then just save with @kbd{o}. You'd then read this hierarchy with | |
7672 | ephemeral @code{nneething} groups---@kbd{G D} in the group buffer, and | |
7673 | the top level directory as the argument (@file{~/News/}). Then just walk | |
7674 | around to the groups/directories with @code{nneething}. | |
7675 | ||
7676 | ||
7677 | @node Decoding Articles | |
7678 | @section Decoding Articles | |
7679 | @cindex decoding articles | |
7680 | ||
7681 | Sometime users post articles (or series of articles) that have been | |
7682 | encoded in some way or other. Gnus can decode them for you. | |
7683 | ||
7684 | @menu | |
23f87bed MB |
7685 | * Uuencoded Articles:: Uudecode articles. |
7686 | * Shell Archives:: Unshar articles. | |
7687 | * PostScript Files:: Split PostScript. | |
7688 | * Other Files:: Plain save and binhex. | |
7689 | * Decoding Variables:: Variables for a happy decoding. | |
7690 | * Viewing Files:: You want to look at the result of the decoding? | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
7691 | @end menu |
7692 | ||
7693 | @cindex series | |
7694 | @cindex article series | |
7695 | All these functions use the process/prefix convention | |
7696 | (@pxref{Process/Prefix}) for finding out what articles to work on, with | |
7697 | the extension that a ``single article'' means ``a single series''. Gnus | |
7698 | can find out by itself what articles belong to a series, decode all the | |
7699 | articles and unpack/view/save the resulting file(s). | |
7700 | ||
7701 | Gnus guesses what articles are in the series according to the following | |
7702 | simplish rule: The subjects must be (nearly) identical, except for the | |
7703 | last two numbers of the line. (Spaces are largely ignored, however.) | |
7704 | ||
7705 | For example: If you choose a subject called @samp{cat.gif (2/3)}, Gnus | |
7706 | will find all the articles that match the regexp @samp{^cat.gif | |
7707 | ([0-9]+/[0-9]+).*$}. | |
7708 | ||
7709 | Subjects that are non-standard, like @samp{cat.gif (2/3) Part 6 of a | |
7710 | series}, will not be properly recognized by any of the automatic viewing | |
7711 | commands, and you have to mark the articles manually with @kbd{#}. | |
7712 | ||
7713 | ||
7714 | @node Uuencoded Articles | |
7715 | @subsection Uuencoded Articles | |
7716 | @cindex uudecode | |
7717 | @cindex uuencoded articles | |
7718 | ||
7719 | @table @kbd | |
7720 | ||
7721 | @item X u | |
23f87bed | 7722 | @kindex X u (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
7723 | @findex gnus-uu-decode-uu |
7724 | @c @icon{gnus-uu-decode-uu} | |
7725 | Uudecodes the current series (@code{gnus-uu-decode-uu}). | |
7726 | ||
7727 | @item X U | |
23f87bed | 7728 | @kindex X U (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
7729 | @findex gnus-uu-decode-uu-and-save |
7730 | Uudecodes and saves the current series | |
7731 | (@code{gnus-uu-decode-uu-and-save}). | |
7732 | ||
7733 | @item X v u | |
23f87bed | 7734 | @kindex X v u (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
7735 | @findex gnus-uu-decode-uu-view |
7736 | Uudecodes and views the current series (@code{gnus-uu-decode-uu-view}). | |
7737 | ||
7738 | @item X v U | |
23f87bed | 7739 | @kindex X v U (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
7740 | @findex gnus-uu-decode-uu-and-save-view |
7741 | Uudecodes, views and saves the current series | |
7742 | (@code{gnus-uu-decode-uu-and-save-view}). | |
7743 | ||
7744 | @end table | |
7745 | ||
7746 | Remember that these all react to the presence of articles marked with | |
7747 | the process mark. If, for instance, you'd like to decode and save an | |
7748 | entire newsgroup, you'd typically do @kbd{M P a} | |
7749 | (@code{gnus-uu-mark-all}) and then @kbd{X U} | |
7750 | (@code{gnus-uu-decode-uu-and-save}). | |
7751 | ||
7752 | All this is very much different from how @code{gnus-uu} worked with | |
7753 | @sc{gnus 4.1}, where you had explicit keystrokes for everything under | |
7754 | the sun. This version of @code{gnus-uu} generally assumes that you mark | |
7755 | articles in some way (@pxref{Setting Process Marks}) and then press | |
7756 | @kbd{X u}. | |
7757 | ||
7758 | @vindex gnus-uu-notify-files | |
7759 | Note: When trying to decode articles that have names matching | |
7760 | @code{gnus-uu-notify-files}, which is hard-coded to | |
7761 | @samp{[Cc][Ii][Nn][Dd][Yy][0-9]+.\\(gif\\|jpg\\)}, @code{gnus-uu} will | |
7762 | automatically post an article on @samp{comp.unix.wizards} saying that | |
7763 | you have just viewed the file in question. This feature can't be turned | |
7764 | off. | |
7765 | ||
7766 | ||
7767 | @node Shell Archives | |
7768 | @subsection Shell Archives | |
7769 | @cindex unshar | |
7770 | @cindex shell archives | |
7771 | @cindex shared articles | |
7772 | ||
7773 | Shell archives (``shar files'') used to be a popular way to distribute | |
7774 | sources, but it isn't used all that much today. In any case, we have | |
7775 | some commands to deal with these: | |
7776 | ||
7777 | @table @kbd | |
7778 | ||
7779 | @item X s | |
23f87bed | 7780 | @kindex X s (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
7781 | @findex gnus-uu-decode-unshar |
7782 | Unshars the current series (@code{gnus-uu-decode-unshar}). | |
7783 | ||
7784 | @item X S | |
23f87bed | 7785 | @kindex X S (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
7786 | @findex gnus-uu-decode-unshar-and-save |
7787 | Unshars and saves the current series (@code{gnus-uu-decode-unshar-and-save}). | |
7788 | ||
7789 | @item X v s | |
23f87bed | 7790 | @kindex X v s (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
7791 | @findex gnus-uu-decode-unshar-view |
7792 | Unshars and views the current series (@code{gnus-uu-decode-unshar-view}). | |
7793 | ||
7794 | @item X v S | |
23f87bed | 7795 | @kindex X v S (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
7796 | @findex gnus-uu-decode-unshar-and-save-view |
7797 | Unshars, views and saves the current series | |
7798 | (@code{gnus-uu-decode-unshar-and-save-view}). | |
7799 | @end table | |
7800 | ||
7801 | ||
7802 | @node PostScript Files | |
7803 | @subsection PostScript Files | |
7804 | @cindex PostScript | |
7805 | ||
7806 | @table @kbd | |
7807 | ||
7808 | @item X p | |
23f87bed | 7809 | @kindex X p (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
7810 | @findex gnus-uu-decode-postscript |
7811 | Unpack the current PostScript series (@code{gnus-uu-decode-postscript}). | |
7812 | ||
7813 | @item X P | |
23f87bed | 7814 | @kindex X P (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
7815 | @findex gnus-uu-decode-postscript-and-save |
7816 | Unpack and save the current PostScript series | |
7817 | (@code{gnus-uu-decode-postscript-and-save}). | |
7818 | ||
7819 | @item X v p | |
23f87bed | 7820 | @kindex X v p (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
7821 | @findex gnus-uu-decode-postscript-view |
7822 | View the current PostScript series | |
7823 | (@code{gnus-uu-decode-postscript-view}). | |
7824 | ||
7825 | @item X v P | |
23f87bed | 7826 | @kindex X v P (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
7827 | @findex gnus-uu-decode-postscript-and-save-view |
7828 | View and save the current PostScript series | |
7829 | (@code{gnus-uu-decode-postscript-and-save-view}). | |
7830 | @end table | |
7831 | ||
7832 | ||
7833 | @node Other Files | |
7834 | @subsection Other Files | |
7835 | ||
7836 | @table @kbd | |
7837 | @item X o | |
23f87bed | 7838 | @kindex X o (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
7839 | @findex gnus-uu-decode-save |
7840 | Save the current series | |
7841 | (@code{gnus-uu-decode-save}). | |
7842 | ||
7843 | @item X b | |
23f87bed | 7844 | @kindex X b (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
7845 | @findex gnus-uu-decode-binhex |
7846 | Unbinhex the current series (@code{gnus-uu-decode-binhex}). This | |
7847 | doesn't really work yet. | |
7848 | @end table | |
7849 | ||
7850 | ||
7851 | @node Decoding Variables | |
7852 | @subsection Decoding Variables | |
7853 | ||
7854 | Adjective, not verb. | |
7855 | ||
7856 | @menu | |
23f87bed MB |
7857 | * Rule Variables:: Variables that say how a file is to be viewed. |
7858 | * Other Decode Variables:: Other decode variables. | |
7859 | * Uuencoding and Posting:: Variables for customizing uuencoding. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
7860 | @end menu |
7861 | ||
7862 | ||
7863 | @node Rule Variables | |
7864 | @subsubsection Rule Variables | |
7865 | @cindex rule variables | |
7866 | ||
7867 | Gnus uses @dfn{rule variables} to decide how to view a file. All these | |
7868 | variables are of the form | |
7869 | ||
7870 | @lisp | |
7871 | (list '(regexp1 command2) | |
7872 | '(regexp2 command2) | |
7873 | ...) | |
7874 | @end lisp | |
7875 | ||
7876 | @table @code | |
7877 | ||
7878 | @item gnus-uu-user-view-rules | |
7879 | @vindex gnus-uu-user-view-rules | |
7880 | @cindex sox | |
7881 | This variable is consulted first when viewing files. If you wish to use, | |
23f87bed | 7882 | for instance, @code{sox} to convert an @file{.au} sound file, you could |
6bf7aab6 DL |
7883 | say something like: |
7884 | @lisp | |
7885 | (setq gnus-uu-user-view-rules | |
2625a8f7 | 7886 | (list '("\\\\.au$" "sox %s -t .aiff > /dev/audio"))) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
7887 | @end lisp |
7888 | ||
7889 | @item gnus-uu-user-view-rules-end | |
7890 | @vindex gnus-uu-user-view-rules-end | |
7891 | This variable is consulted if Gnus couldn't make any matches from the | |
7892 | user and default view rules. | |
7893 | ||
7894 | @item gnus-uu-user-archive-rules | |
7895 | @vindex gnus-uu-user-archive-rules | |
7896 | This variable can be used to say what commands should be used to unpack | |
7897 | archives. | |
7898 | @end table | |
7899 | ||
7900 | ||
7901 | @node Other Decode Variables | |
7902 | @subsubsection Other Decode Variables | |
7903 | ||
7904 | @table @code | |
7905 | @vindex gnus-uu-grabbed-file-functions | |
7906 | ||
7907 | @item gnus-uu-grabbed-file-functions | |
7908 | All functions in this list will be called right after each file has been | |
7909 | successfully decoded---so that you can move or view files right away, | |
7910 | and don't have to wait for all files to be decoded before you can do | |
7911 | anything. Ready-made functions you can put in this list are: | |
7912 | ||
7913 | @table @code | |
7914 | ||
7915 | @item gnus-uu-grab-view | |
7916 | @findex gnus-uu-grab-view | |
7917 | View the file. | |
7918 | ||
7919 | @item gnus-uu-grab-move | |
7920 | @findex gnus-uu-grab-move | |
7921 | Move the file (if you're using a saving function.) | |
7922 | @end table | |
7923 | ||
7924 | @item gnus-uu-be-dangerous | |
7925 | @vindex gnus-uu-be-dangerous | |
7926 | Specifies what to do if unusual situations arise during decoding. If | |
7927 | @code{nil}, be as conservative as possible. If @code{t}, ignore things | |
7928 | that didn't work, and overwrite existing files. Otherwise, ask each | |
7929 | time. | |
7930 | ||
7931 | @item gnus-uu-ignore-files-by-name | |
7932 | @vindex gnus-uu-ignore-files-by-name | |
7933 | Files with name matching this regular expression won't be viewed. | |
7934 | ||
7935 | @item gnus-uu-ignore-files-by-type | |
7936 | @vindex gnus-uu-ignore-files-by-type | |
23f87bed | 7937 | Files with a @acronym{MIME} type matching this variable won't be viewed. |
6bf7aab6 | 7938 | Note that Gnus tries to guess what type the file is based on the name. |
23f87bed | 7939 | @code{gnus-uu} is not a @acronym{MIME} package (yet), so this is slightly |
6bf7aab6 DL |
7940 | kludgey. |
7941 | ||
7942 | @item gnus-uu-tmp-dir | |
7943 | @vindex gnus-uu-tmp-dir | |
7944 | Where @code{gnus-uu} does its work. | |
7945 | ||
7946 | @item gnus-uu-do-not-unpack-archives | |
7947 | @vindex gnus-uu-do-not-unpack-archives | |
7948 | Non-@code{nil} means that @code{gnus-uu} won't peek inside archives | |
7949 | looking for files to display. | |
7950 | ||
7951 | @item gnus-uu-view-and-save | |
7952 | @vindex gnus-uu-view-and-save | |
7953 | Non-@code{nil} means that the user will always be asked to save a file | |
7954 | after viewing it. | |
7955 | ||
7956 | @item gnus-uu-ignore-default-view-rules | |
7957 | @vindex gnus-uu-ignore-default-view-rules | |
7958 | Non-@code{nil} means that @code{gnus-uu} will ignore the default viewing | |
7959 | rules. | |
7960 | ||
7961 | @item gnus-uu-ignore-default-archive-rules | |
7962 | @vindex gnus-uu-ignore-default-archive-rules | |
7963 | Non-@code{nil} means that @code{gnus-uu} will ignore the default archive | |
7964 | unpacking commands. | |
7965 | ||
7966 | @item gnus-uu-kill-carriage-return | |
7967 | @vindex gnus-uu-kill-carriage-return | |
7968 | Non-@code{nil} means that @code{gnus-uu} will strip all carriage returns | |
7969 | from articles. | |
7970 | ||
7971 | @item gnus-uu-unmark-articles-not-decoded | |
7972 | @vindex gnus-uu-unmark-articles-not-decoded | |
7973 | Non-@code{nil} means that @code{gnus-uu} will mark unsuccessfully | |
7974 | decoded articles as unread. | |
7975 | ||
7976 | @item gnus-uu-correct-stripped-uucode | |
7977 | @vindex gnus-uu-correct-stripped-uucode | |
7978 | Non-@code{nil} means that @code{gnus-uu} will @emph{try} to fix | |
7979 | uuencoded files that have had trailing spaces deleted. | |
7980 | ||
7981 | @item gnus-uu-pre-uudecode-hook | |
7982 | @vindex gnus-uu-pre-uudecode-hook | |
7983 | Hook run before sending a message to @code{uudecode}. | |
7984 | ||
7985 | @item gnus-uu-view-with-metamail | |
7986 | @vindex gnus-uu-view-with-metamail | |
7987 | @cindex metamail | |
7988 | Non-@code{nil} means that @code{gnus-uu} will ignore the viewing | |
23f87bed | 7989 | commands defined by the rule variables and just fudge a @acronym{MIME} |
6bf7aab6 DL |
7990 | content type based on the file name. The result will be fed to |
7991 | @code{metamail} for viewing. | |
7992 | ||
7993 | @item gnus-uu-save-in-digest | |
7994 | @vindex gnus-uu-save-in-digest | |
7995 | Non-@code{nil} means that @code{gnus-uu}, when asked to save without | |
7996 | decoding, will save in digests. If this variable is @code{nil}, | |
7997 | @code{gnus-uu} will just save everything in a file without any | |
2625a8f7 | 7998 | embellishments. The digesting almost conforms to RFC 1153---no easy way |
6bf7aab6 DL |
7999 | to specify any meaningful volume and issue numbers were found, so I |
8000 | simply dropped them. | |
8001 | ||
8002 | @end table | |
8003 | ||
8004 | ||
8005 | @node Uuencoding and Posting | |
8006 | @subsubsection Uuencoding and Posting | |
8007 | ||
8008 | @table @code | |
8009 | ||
8010 | @item gnus-uu-post-include-before-composing | |
8011 | @vindex gnus-uu-post-include-before-composing | |
8012 | Non-@code{nil} means that @code{gnus-uu} will ask for a file to encode | |
8013 | before you compose the article. If this variable is @code{t}, you can | |
8014 | either include an encoded file with @kbd{C-c C-i} or have one included | |
8015 | for you when you post the article. | |
8016 | ||
8017 | @item gnus-uu-post-length | |
8018 | @vindex gnus-uu-post-length | |
8019 | Maximum length of an article. The encoded file will be split into how | |
8020 | many articles it takes to post the entire file. | |
8021 | ||
8022 | @item gnus-uu-post-threaded | |
8023 | @vindex gnus-uu-post-threaded | |
8024 | Non-@code{nil} means that @code{gnus-uu} will post the encoded file in a | |
8025 | thread. This may not be smart, as no other decoder I have seen is able | |
8026 | to follow threads when collecting uuencoded articles. (Well, I have | |
8027 | seen one package that does that---@code{gnus-uu}, but somehow, I don't | |
23f87bed | 8028 | think that counts@dots{}) Default is @code{nil}. |
6bf7aab6 DL |
8029 | |
8030 | @item gnus-uu-post-separate-description | |
8031 | @vindex gnus-uu-post-separate-description | |
8032 | Non-@code{nil} means that the description will be posted in a separate | |
8033 | article. The first article will typically be numbered (0/x). If this | |
8034 | variable is @code{nil}, the description the user enters will be included | |
8035 | at the beginning of the first article, which will be numbered (1/x). | |
8036 | Default is @code{t}. | |
8037 | ||
8038 | @end table | |
8039 | ||
8040 | ||
8041 | @node Viewing Files | |
8042 | @subsection Viewing Files | |
8043 | @cindex viewing files | |
8044 | @cindex pseudo-articles | |
8045 | ||
8046 | After decoding, if the file is some sort of archive, Gnus will attempt | |
8047 | to unpack the archive and see if any of the files in the archive can be | |
8048 | viewed. For instance, if you have a gzipped tar file @file{pics.tar.gz} | |
8049 | containing the files @file{pic1.jpg} and @file{pic2.gif}, Gnus will | |
8050 | uncompress and de-tar the main file, and then view the two pictures. | |
8051 | This unpacking process is recursive, so if the archive contains archives | |
8052 | of archives, it'll all be unpacked. | |
8053 | ||
8054 | Finally, Gnus will normally insert a @dfn{pseudo-article} for each | |
8055 | extracted file into the summary buffer. If you go to these | |
8056 | ``articles'', you will be prompted for a command to run (usually Gnus | |
8057 | will make a suggestion), and then the command will be run. | |
8058 | ||
8059 | @vindex gnus-view-pseudo-asynchronously | |
8060 | If @code{gnus-view-pseudo-asynchronously} is @code{nil}, Emacs will wait | |
8061 | until the viewing is done before proceeding. | |
8062 | ||
8063 | @vindex gnus-view-pseudos | |
8064 | If @code{gnus-view-pseudos} is @code{automatic}, Gnus will not insert | |
8065 | the pseudo-articles into the summary buffer, but view them | |
8066 | immediately. If this variable is @code{not-confirm}, the user won't even | |
8067 | be asked for a confirmation before viewing is done. | |
8068 | ||
8069 | @vindex gnus-view-pseudos-separately | |
8070 | If @code{gnus-view-pseudos-separately} is non-@code{nil}, one | |
8071 | pseudo-article will be created for each file to be viewed. If | |
8072 | @code{nil}, all files that use the same viewing command will be given as | |
8073 | a list of parameters to that command. | |
8074 | ||
8075 | @vindex gnus-insert-pseudo-articles | |
8076 | If @code{gnus-insert-pseudo-articles} is non-@code{nil}, insert | |
8077 | pseudo-articles when decoding. It is @code{t} by default. | |
8078 | ||
8079 | So; there you are, reading your @emph{pseudo-articles} in your | |
8080 | @emph{virtual newsgroup} from the @emph{virtual server}; and you think: | |
8081 | Why isn't anything real anymore? How did we get here? | |
8082 | ||
8083 | ||
8084 | @node Article Treatment | |
8085 | @section Article Treatment | |
8086 | ||
8087 | Reading through this huge manual, you may have quite forgotten that the | |
8088 | object of newsreaders is to actually, like, read what people have | |
8089 | written. Reading articles. Unfortunately, people are quite bad at | |
8090 | writing, so there are tons of functions and variables to make reading | |
8091 | these articles easier. | |
8092 | ||
8093 | @menu | |
23f87bed MB |
8094 | * Article Highlighting:: You want to make the article look like fruit salad. |
8095 | * Article Fontisizing:: Making emphasized text look nice. | |
8096 | * Article Hiding:: You also want to make certain info go away. | |
8097 | * Article Washing:: Lots of way-neat functions to make life better. | |
8098 | * Article Header:: Doing various header transformations. | |
8099 | * Article Buttons:: Click on URLs, Message-IDs, addresses and the like. | |
8100 | * Article Button Levels:: Controlling appearance of buttons. | |
8101 | * Article Date:: Grumble, UT! | |
8102 | * Article Display:: Display various stuff---X-Face, Picons, Smileys | |
8103 | * Article Signature:: What is a signature? | |
8104 | * Article Miscellanea:: Various other stuff. | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
8105 | @end menu |
8106 | ||
8107 | ||
8108 | @node Article Highlighting | |
8109 | @subsection Article Highlighting | |
8110 | @cindex highlighting | |
8111 | ||
8112 | Not only do you want your article buffer to look like fruit salad, but | |
2625a8f7 | 8113 | you want it to look like technicolor fruit salad. |
6bf7aab6 DL |
8114 | |
8115 | @table @kbd | |
8116 | ||
8117 | @item W H a | |
23f87bed | 8118 | @kindex W H a (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
8119 | @findex gnus-article-highlight |
8120 | @findex gnus-article-maybe-highlight | |
8121 | Do much highlighting of the current article | |
8122 | (@code{gnus-article-highlight}). This function highlights header, cited | |
8123 | text, the signature, and adds buttons to the body and the head. | |
8124 | ||
6bf7aab6 | 8125 | @item W H h |
23f87bed | 8126 | @kindex W H h (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
8127 | @findex gnus-article-highlight-headers |
8128 | @vindex gnus-header-face-alist | |
8129 | Highlight the headers (@code{gnus-article-highlight-headers}). The | |
8130 | highlighting will be done according to the @code{gnus-header-face-alist} | |
2625a8f7 GM |
8131 | variable, which is a list where each element has the form |
8132 | @code{(@var{regexp} @var{name} @var{content})}. | |
8133 | @var{regexp} is a regular expression for matching the | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
8134 | header, @var{name} is the face used for highlighting the header name |
8135 | (@pxref{Faces and Fonts}) and @var{content} is the face for highlighting | |
8136 | the header value. The first match made will be used. Note that | |
8137 | @var{regexp} shouldn't have @samp{^} prepended---Gnus will add one. | |
8138 | ||
8139 | @item W H c | |
23f87bed | 8140 | @kindex W H c (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
8141 | @findex gnus-article-highlight-citation |
8142 | Highlight cited text (@code{gnus-article-highlight-citation}). | |
8143 | ||
8144 | Some variables to customize the citation highlights: | |
8145 | ||
8146 | @table @code | |
8147 | @vindex gnus-cite-parse-max-size | |
8148 | ||
8149 | @item gnus-cite-parse-max-size | |
8150 | If the article size if bigger than this variable (which is 25000 by | |
8151 | default), no citation highlighting will be performed. | |
8152 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
8153 | @item gnus-cite-max-prefix |
8154 | @vindex gnus-cite-max-prefix | |
8155 | Maximum possible length for a citation prefix (default 20). | |
8156 | ||
8157 | @item gnus-cite-face-list | |
8158 | @vindex gnus-cite-face-list | |
8159 | List of faces used for highlighting citations (@pxref{Faces and Fonts}). | |
8160 | When there are citations from multiple articles in the same message, | |
8161 | Gnus will try to give each citation from each article its own face. | |
8162 | This should make it easier to see who wrote what. | |
8163 | ||
8164 | @item gnus-supercite-regexp | |
8165 | @vindex gnus-supercite-regexp | |
8166 | Regexp matching normal Supercite attribution lines. | |
8167 | ||
8168 | @item gnus-supercite-secondary-regexp | |
8169 | @vindex gnus-supercite-secondary-regexp | |
8170 | Regexp matching mangled Supercite attribution lines. | |
8171 | ||
8172 | @item gnus-cite-minimum-match-count | |
8173 | @vindex gnus-cite-minimum-match-count | |
8174 | Minimum number of identical prefixes we have to see before we believe | |
8175 | that it's a citation. | |
8176 | ||
8177 | @item gnus-cite-attribution-prefix | |
8178 | @vindex gnus-cite-attribution-prefix | |
8179 | Regexp matching the beginning of an attribution line. | |
8180 | ||
8181 | @item gnus-cite-attribution-suffix | |
8182 | @vindex gnus-cite-attribution-suffix | |
8183 | Regexp matching the end of an attribution line. | |
8184 | ||
8185 | @item gnus-cite-attribution-face | |
8186 | @vindex gnus-cite-attribution-face | |
8187 | Face used for attribution lines. It is merged with the face for the | |
8188 | cited text belonging to the attribution. | |
8189 | ||
23f87bed MB |
8190 | @item gnus-cite-ignore-quoted-from |
8191 | @vindex gnus-cite-ignore-quoted-from | |
8192 | If non-@code{nil}, no citation highlighting will be performed on lines | |
8193 | beginning with @samp{>From }. Those lines may have been quoted by MTAs | |
8194 | in order not to mix up with the envelope From line. The default value | |
8195 | is @code{t}. | |
8196 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
8197 | @end table |
8198 | ||
8199 | ||
8200 | @item W H s | |
23f87bed | 8201 | @kindex W H s (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
8202 | @vindex gnus-signature-separator |
8203 | @vindex gnus-signature-face | |
8204 | @findex gnus-article-highlight-signature | |
8205 | Highlight the signature (@code{gnus-article-highlight-signature}). | |
8206 | Everything after @code{gnus-signature-separator} (@pxref{Article | |
8207 | Signature}) in an article will be considered a signature and will be | |
8208 | highlighted with @code{gnus-signature-face}, which is @code{italic} by | |
8209 | default. | |
8210 | ||
8211 | @end table | |
8212 | ||
8213 | @xref{Customizing Articles}, for how to highlight articles automatically. | |
8214 | ||
8215 | ||
8216 | @node Article Fontisizing | |
8217 | @subsection Article Fontisizing | |
8218 | @cindex emphasis | |
8219 | @cindex article emphasis | |
8220 | ||
8221 | @findex gnus-article-emphasize | |
23f87bed | 8222 | @kindex W e (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 | 8223 | People commonly add emphasis to words in news articles by writing things |
2625a8f7 GM |
8224 | like @samp{_this_} or @samp{*this*} or @samp{/this/}. Gnus can make |
8225 | this look nicer by running the article through the @kbd{W e} | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
8226 | (@code{gnus-article-emphasize}) command. |
8227 | ||
8228 | @vindex gnus-emphasis-alist | |
8229 | How the emphasis is computed is controlled by the | |
8230 | @code{gnus-emphasis-alist} variable. This is an alist where the first | |
8231 | element is a regular expression to be matched. The second is a number | |
8232 | that says what regular expression grouping is used to find the entire | |
8233 | emphasized word. The third is a number that says what regexp grouping | |
8234 | should be displayed and highlighted. (The text between these two | |
8235 | groupings will be hidden.) The fourth is the face used for | |
8236 | highlighting. | |
8237 | ||
8238 | @lisp | |
23f87bed | 8239 | (setq gnus-emphasis-alist |
6bf7aab6 DL |
8240 | '(("_\\(\\w+\\)_" 0 1 gnus-emphasis-underline) |
8241 | ("\\*\\(\\w+\\)\\*" 0 1 gnus-emphasis-bold))) | |
8242 | @end lisp | |
8243 | ||
2625a8f7 GM |
8244 | @cindex slash |
8245 | @cindex asterisk | |
8246 | @cindex underline | |
8247 | @cindex / | |
8248 | @cindex * | |
8249 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
8250 | @vindex gnus-emphasis-underline |
8251 | @vindex gnus-emphasis-bold | |
8252 | @vindex gnus-emphasis-italic | |
8253 | @vindex gnus-emphasis-underline-bold | |
8254 | @vindex gnus-emphasis-underline-italic | |
8255 | @vindex gnus-emphasis-bold-italic | |
8256 | @vindex gnus-emphasis-underline-bold-italic | |
8257 | By default, there are seven rules, and they use the following faces: | |
8258 | @code{gnus-emphasis-bold}, @code{gnus-emphasis-italic}, | |
8259 | @code{gnus-emphasis-underline}, @code{gnus-emphasis-bold-italic}, | |
8260 | @code{gnus-emphasis-underline-italic}, | |
8261 | @code{gnus-emphasis-underline-bold}, and | |
8262 | @code{gnus-emphasis-underline-bold-italic}. | |
8263 | ||
8264 | If you want to change these faces, you can either use @kbd{M-x | |
8265 | customize}, or you can use @code{copy-face}. For instance, if you want | |
8266 | to make @code{gnus-emphasis-italic} use a red face instead, you could | |
8267 | say something like: | |
8268 | ||
8269 | @lisp | |
8270 | (copy-face 'red 'gnus-emphasis-italic) | |
8271 | @end lisp | |
8272 | ||
2625a8f7 GM |
8273 | @vindex gnus-group-highlight-words-alist |
8274 | ||
8275 | If you want to highlight arbitrary words, you can use the | |
8276 | @code{gnus-group-highlight-words-alist} variable, which uses the same | |
8277 | syntax as @code{gnus-emphasis-alist}. The @code{highlight-words} group | |
8278 | parameter (@pxref{Group Parameters}) can also be used. | |
8279 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
8280 | @xref{Customizing Articles}, for how to fontize articles automatically. |
8281 | ||
8282 | ||
8283 | @node Article Hiding | |
8284 | @subsection Article Hiding | |
8285 | @cindex article hiding | |
8286 | ||
8287 | Or rather, hiding certain things in each article. There usually is much | |
8288 | too much cruft in most articles. | |
8289 | ||
8290 | @table @kbd | |
8291 | ||
8292 | @item W W a | |
23f87bed | 8293 | @kindex W W a (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
8294 | @findex gnus-article-hide |
8295 | Do quite a lot of hiding on the article buffer | |
8296 | (@kbd{gnus-article-hide}). In particular, this function will hide | |
23f87bed | 8297 | headers, @acronym{PGP}, cited text and the signature. |
6bf7aab6 DL |
8298 | |
8299 | @item W W h | |
23f87bed | 8300 | @kindex W W h (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
8301 | @findex gnus-article-hide-headers |
8302 | Hide headers (@code{gnus-article-hide-headers}). @xref{Hiding | |
8303 | Headers}. | |
8304 | ||
8305 | @item W W b | |
23f87bed | 8306 | @kindex W W b (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
8307 | @findex gnus-article-hide-boring-headers |
8308 | Hide headers that aren't particularly interesting | |
8309 | (@code{gnus-article-hide-boring-headers}). @xref{Hiding Headers}. | |
8310 | ||
8311 | @item W W s | |
23f87bed | 8312 | @kindex W W s (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
8313 | @findex gnus-article-hide-signature |
8314 | Hide signature (@code{gnus-article-hide-signature}). @xref{Article | |
8315 | Signature}. | |
8316 | ||
2625a8f7 | 8317 | @item W W l |
23f87bed | 8318 | @kindex W W l (Summary) |
2625a8f7 GM |
8319 | @findex gnus-article-hide-list-identifiers |
8320 | @vindex gnus-list-identifiers | |
8321 | Strip list identifiers specified in @code{gnus-list-identifiers}. These | |
8322 | are strings some mailing list servers add to the beginning of all | |
8323 | @code{Subject} headers---for example, @samp{[zebra 4711]}. Any leading | |
23f87bed | 8324 | @samp{Re: } is skipped before stripping. @code{gnus-list-identifiers} |
2625a8f7 GM |
8325 | may not contain @code{\\(..\\)}. |
8326 | ||
8327 | @table @code | |
8328 | ||
8329 | @item gnus-list-identifiers | |
8330 | @vindex gnus-list-identifiers | |
8331 | A regular expression that matches list identifiers to be removed from | |
8332 | subject. This can also be a list of regular expressions. | |
8333 | ||
8334 | @end table | |
8335 | ||
23f87bed MB |
8336 | @item W W P |
8337 | @kindex W W P (Summary) | |
8338 | @findex gnus-article-hide-pem | |
8339 | Hide @acronym{PEM} (privacy enhanced messages) cruft | |
8340 | (@code{gnus-article-hide-pem}). | |
6bf7aab6 | 8341 | |
2625a8f7 | 8342 | @item W W B |
23f87bed | 8343 | @kindex W W B (Summary) |
2625a8f7 | 8344 | @findex gnus-article-strip-banner |
23f87bed MB |
8345 | @vindex gnus-article-banner-alist |
8346 | @vindex gnus-article-address-banner-alist | |
2625a8f7 GM |
8347 | @cindex banner |
8348 | @cindex OneList | |
f5d4cd5e DL |
8349 | @cindex stripping advertisements |
8350 | @cindex advertisements | |
2625a8f7 GM |
8351 | Strip the banner specified by the @code{banner} group parameter |
8352 | (@code{gnus-article-strip-banner}). This is mainly used to hide those | |
8353 | annoying banners and/or signatures that some mailing lists and moderated | |
8354 | groups adds to all the messages. The way to use this function is to add | |
8355 | the @code{banner} group parameter (@pxref{Group Parameters}) to the | |
8356 | group you want banners stripped from. The parameter either be a string, | |
8357 | which will be interpreted as a regular expression matching text to be | |
8358 | removed, or the symbol @code{signature}, meaning that the (last) | |
8359 | signature should be removed, or other symbol, meaning that the | |
8360 | corresponding regular expression in @code{gnus-article-banner-alist} is | |
8361 | used. | |
8362 | ||
23f87bed MB |
8363 | Regardless of a group, you can hide things like advertisements only when |
8364 | the sender of an article has a certain mail address specified in | |
8365 | @code{gnus-article-address-banner-alist}. | |
8366 | ||
8367 | @table @code | |
8368 | ||
8369 | @item gnus-article-address-banner-alist | |
8370 | @vindex gnus-article-address-banner-alist | |
8371 | Alist of mail addresses and banners. Each element has the form | |
8372 | @code{(@var{address} . @var{banner})}, where @var{address} is a regexp | |
8373 | matching a mail address in the From header, @var{banner} is one of a | |
8374 | symbol @code{signature}, an item in @code{gnus-article-banner-alist}, | |
8375 | a regexp and @code{nil}. If @var{address} matches author's mail | |
8376 | address, it will remove things like advertisements. For example, if a | |
8377 | sender has the mail address @samp{hail@@yoo-hoo.co.jp} and there is a | |
8378 | banner something like @samp{Do You Yoo-hoo!?} in all articles he | |
8379 | sends, you can use the following element to remove them: | |
8380 | ||
8381 | @lisp | |
8382 | ("@@yoo-hoo\\.co\\.jp\\'" . | |
8383 | "\n_+\nDo You Yoo-hoo!\\?\n.*\n.*\n") | |
8384 | @end lisp | |
8385 | ||
8386 | @end table | |
8387 | ||
6bf7aab6 | 8388 | @item W W c |
23f87bed | 8389 | @kindex W W c (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
8390 | @findex gnus-article-hide-citation |
8391 | Hide citation (@code{gnus-article-hide-citation}). Some variables for | |
8392 | customizing the hiding: | |
8393 | ||
8394 | @table @code | |
8395 | ||
8396 | @item gnus-cited-opened-text-button-line-format | |
8397 | @itemx gnus-cited-closed-text-button-line-format | |
8398 | @vindex gnus-cited-closed-text-button-line-format | |
8399 | @vindex gnus-cited-opened-text-button-line-format | |
8400 | Gnus adds buttons to show where the cited text has been hidden, and to | |
8401 | allow toggle hiding the text. The format of the variable is specified | |
8402 | by these format-like variable (@pxref{Formatting Variables}). These | |
8403 | specs are valid: | |
8404 | ||
8405 | @table @samp | |
8406 | @item b | |
8407 | Starting point of the hidden text. | |
8408 | @item e | |
8409 | Ending point of the hidden text. | |
8410 | @item l | |
8411 | Number of characters in the hidden region. | |
8412 | @item n | |
8413 | Number of lines of hidden text. | |
8414 | @end table | |
8415 | ||
8416 | @item gnus-cited-lines-visible | |
8417 | @vindex gnus-cited-lines-visible | |
2625a8f7 | 8418 | The number of lines at the beginning of the cited text to leave |
23f87bed | 8419 | shown. This can also be a cons cell with the number of lines at the top |
2625a8f7 | 8420 | and bottom of the text, respectively, to remain visible. |
6bf7aab6 DL |
8421 | |
8422 | @end table | |
8423 | ||
8424 | @item W W C-c | |
23f87bed | 8425 | @kindex W W C-c (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
8426 | @findex gnus-article-hide-citation-maybe |
8427 | ||
8428 | Hide citation (@code{gnus-article-hide-citation-maybe}) depending on the | |
8429 | following two variables: | |
8430 | ||
8431 | @table @code | |
8432 | @item gnus-cite-hide-percentage | |
8433 | @vindex gnus-cite-hide-percentage | |
8434 | If the cited text is of a bigger percentage than this variable (default | |
8435 | 50), hide the cited text. | |
8436 | ||
8437 | @item gnus-cite-hide-absolute | |
8438 | @vindex gnus-cite-hide-absolute | |
8439 | The cited text must have at least this length (default 10) before it | |
8440 | is hidden. | |
8441 | @end table | |
8442 | ||
8443 | @item W W C | |
23f87bed | 8444 | @kindex W W C (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
8445 | @findex gnus-article-hide-citation-in-followups |
8446 | Hide cited text in articles that aren't roots | |
8447 | (@code{gnus-article-hide-citation-in-followups}). This isn't very | |
8448 | useful as an interactive command, but might be a handy function to stick | |
2625a8f7 | 8449 | have happen automatically (@pxref{Customizing Articles}). |
6bf7aab6 DL |
8450 | |
8451 | @end table | |
8452 | ||
8453 | All these ``hiding'' commands are toggles, but if you give a negative | |
8454 | prefix to these commands, they will show what they have previously | |
8455 | hidden. If you give a positive prefix, they will always hide. | |
8456 | ||
8457 | Also @pxref{Article Highlighting} for further variables for | |
8458 | citation customization. | |
8459 | ||
8460 | @xref{Customizing Articles}, for how to hide article elements | |
8461 | automatically. | |
8462 | ||
8463 | ||
8464 | @node Article Washing | |
8465 | @subsection Article Washing | |
8466 | @cindex washing | |
8467 | @cindex article washing | |
8468 | ||
8469 | We call this ``article washing'' for a really good reason. Namely, the | |
8470 | @kbd{A} key was taken, so we had to use the @kbd{W} key instead. | |
8471 | ||
8472 | @dfn{Washing} is defined by us as ``changing something from something to | |
8473 | something else'', but normally results in something looking better. | |
8474 | Cleaner, perhaps. | |
8475 | ||
dda5808a DL |
8476 | @xref{Customizing Articles}, if you want to change how Gnus displays |
8477 | articles by default. | |
8478 | ||
6bf7aab6 DL |
8479 | @table @kbd |
8480 | ||
dda5808a DL |
8481 | @item C-u g |
8482 | This is not really washing, it's sort of the opposite of washing. If | |
8483 | you type this, you see the article exactly as it exists on disk or on | |
8484 | the server. | |
8485 | ||
23f87bed MB |
8486 | @item g |
8487 | Force redisplaying of the current article | |
8488 | (@code{gnus-summary-show-article}). This is also not really washing. | |
8489 | If you type this, you see the article without any previously applied | |
8490 | interactive Washing functions but with all default treatments | |
8491 | (@pxref{Customizing Articles}). | |
8492 | ||
6bf7aab6 | 8493 | @item W l |
23f87bed | 8494 | @kindex W l (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
8495 | @findex gnus-summary-stop-page-breaking |
8496 | Remove page breaks from the current article | |
8497 | (@code{gnus-summary-stop-page-breaking}). @xref{Misc Article}, for page | |
2625a8f7 | 8498 | delimiters. |
6bf7aab6 DL |
8499 | |
8500 | @item W r | |
23f87bed | 8501 | @kindex W r (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
8502 | @findex gnus-summary-caesar-message |
8503 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-caesar-message} | |
8504 | Do a Caesar rotate (rot13) on the article buffer | |
8505 | (@code{gnus-summary-caesar-message}). | |
8506 | Unreadable articles that tell you to read them with Caesar rotate or rot13. | |
8507 | (Typically offensive jokes and such.) | |
8508 | ||
23f87bed | 8509 | It's commonly called ``rot13'' because each letter is rotated 13 |
6bf7aab6 DL |
8510 | positions in the alphabet, e. g. @samp{B} (letter #2) -> @samp{O} (letter |
8511 | #15). It is sometimes referred to as ``Caesar rotate'' because Caesar | |
8512 | is rumored to have employed this form of, uh, somewhat weak encryption. | |
8513 | ||
23f87bed MB |
8514 | @item W m |
8515 | @kindex W m (Summary) | |
8516 | @findex gnus-summary-morse-message | |
8517 | Morse decode the article buffer (@code{gnus-summary-morse-message}). | |
8518 | ||
6bf7aab6 | 8519 | @item W t |
2625a8f7 | 8520 | @item t |
23f87bed MB |
8521 | @kindex W t (Summary) |
8522 | @kindex t (Summary) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
8523 | @findex gnus-summary-toggle-header |
8524 | Toggle whether to display all headers in the article buffer | |
8525 | (@code{gnus-summary-toggle-header}). | |
8526 | ||
8527 | @item W v | |
23f87bed MB |
8528 | @kindex W v (Summary) |
8529 | @findex gnus-summary-verbose-headers | |
6bf7aab6 | 8530 | Toggle whether to display all headers in the article buffer permanently |
23f87bed | 8531 | (@code{gnus-summary-verbose-headers}). |
6bf7aab6 | 8532 | |
6bf7aab6 | 8533 | @item W o |
23f87bed | 8534 | @kindex W o (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
8535 | @findex gnus-article-treat-overstrike |
8536 | Treat overstrike (@code{gnus-article-treat-overstrike}). | |
8537 | ||
8538 | @item W d | |
23f87bed | 8539 | @kindex W d (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 | 8540 | @findex gnus-article-treat-dumbquotes |
2625a8f7 GM |
8541 | @vindex gnus-article-dumbquotes-map |
8542 | @cindex Smartquotes | |
23f87bed | 8543 | @cindex M****s*** sm*rtq**t*s |
2625a8f7 | 8544 | @cindex Latin 1 |
23f87bed | 8545 | Treat M****s*** sm*rtq**t*s according to |
2625a8f7 GM |
8546 | @code{gnus-article-dumbquotes-map} |
8547 | (@code{gnus-article-treat-dumbquotes}). Note that this function guesses | |
8548 | whether a character is a sm*rtq**t* or not, so it should only be used | |
8549 | interactively. | |
6bf7aab6 | 8550 | |
23f87bed MB |
8551 | Sm*rtq**t*s are M****s***'s unilateral extension to the character map in |
8552 | an attempt to provide more quoting characters. If you see something | |
8553 | like @code{\222} or @code{\264} where you're expecting some kind of | |
8554 | apostrophe or quotation mark, then try this wash. | |
8555 | ||
8556 | @item W Y f | |
8557 | @kindex W Y f (Summary) | |
8558 | @findex gnus-article-outlook-deuglify-article | |
8559 | @cindex Outlook Express | |
8560 | Full deuglify of broken Outlook (Express) articles: Treat dumbquotes, | |
8561 | unwrap lines, repair attribution and rearrange citation. | |
8562 | (@code{gnus-article-outlook-deuglify-article}). | |
8563 | ||
8564 | @item W Y u | |
8565 | @kindex W Y u (Summary) | |
8566 | @findex gnus-article-outlook-unwrap-lines | |
8567 | @vindex gnus-outlook-deuglify-unwrap-min | |
8568 | @vindex gnus-outlook-deuglify-unwrap-max | |
8569 | Unwrap lines that appear to be wrapped citation lines. You can control | |
8570 | what lines will be unwrapped by frobbing | |
8571 | @code{gnus-outlook-deuglify-unwrap-min} and | |
8572 | @code{gnus-outlook-deuglify-unwrap-max}, indicating the minimum and | |
8573 | maximum length of an unwrapped citation line. | |
8574 | (@code{gnus-article-outlook-unwrap-lines}). | |
8575 | ||
8576 | @item W Y a | |
8577 | @kindex W Y a (Summary) | |
8578 | @findex gnus-article-outlook-repair-attribution | |
8579 | Repair a broken attribution line.@* | |
8580 | (@code{gnus-article-outlook-repair-attribution}). | |
8581 | ||
8582 | @item W Y c | |
8583 | @kindex W Y c (Summary) | |
8584 | @findex gnus-article-outlook-rearrange-citation | |
8585 | Repair broken citations by rearranging the text. | |
8586 | (@code{gnus-article-outlook-rearrange-citation}). | |
dda5808a | 8587 | |
6bf7aab6 | 8588 | @item W w |
23f87bed | 8589 | @kindex W w (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 | 8590 | @findex gnus-article-fill-cited-article |
2625a8f7 | 8591 | Do word wrap (@code{gnus-article-fill-cited-article}). |
6bf7aab6 DL |
8592 | |
8593 | You can give the command a numerical prefix to specify the width to use | |
8594 | when filling. | |
8595 | ||
2625a8f7 | 8596 | @item W Q |
23f87bed | 8597 | @kindex W Q (Summary) |
177c0ea7 | 8598 | @findex gnus-article-fill-long-lines |
2625a8f7 GM |
8599 | Fill long lines (@code{gnus-article-fill-long-lines}). |
8600 | ||
8601 | @item W C | |
23f87bed | 8602 | @kindex W C (Summary) |
2625a8f7 GM |
8603 | @findex gnus-article-capitalize-sentences |
8604 | Capitalize the first word in each sentence | |
8605 | (@code{gnus-article-capitalize-sentences}). | |
8606 | ||
6bf7aab6 | 8607 | @item W c |
23f87bed | 8608 | @kindex W c (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 | 8609 | @findex gnus-article-remove-cr |
2625a8f7 GM |
8610 | Translate CRLF pairs (i. e., @samp{^M}s on the end of the lines) into LF |
8611 | (this takes care of DOS line endings), and then translate any remaining | |
8612 | CRs into LF (this takes care of Mac line endings) | |
6bf7aab6 DL |
8613 | (@code{gnus-article-remove-cr}). |
8614 | ||
8615 | @item W q | |
23f87bed | 8616 | @kindex W q (Summary) |
6bf7aab6 DL |
8617 | @findex gnus-article-de-quoted-unreadable |
8618 | Treat quoted-printable (@code{gnus-article-de-quoted-unreadable}). | |
23f87bed MB |
8619 | Quoted-Printable is one common @acronym{MIME} encoding employed when |
8620 | sending non-@acronym{ASCII} (i.e., 8-bit) articles. It typically | |
8621 |