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067d23c9 | 1 | GNU Emacs Installation Guide |
73b0cd50 | 2 | Copyright (C) 1992, 1994, 1996-1997, 2000-2011 |
067d23c9 KY |
3 | Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
4 | See the end of the file for license conditions. | |
5 | ||
6 | ||
7 | This file contains general information on building GNU Emacs. | |
8 | For more information specific to the MS-Windows, GNUstep/Mac OS X, and | |
9 | MS-DOS ports, also read the files nt/INSTALL, nextstep/INSTALL, and | |
10 | msdos/INSTALL. For information about building from a Bazaar checkout | |
11 | (rather than a release), also read the file INSTALL.BZR. | |
12 | ||
13 | ||
14 | BASIC INSTALLATION | |
15 | ||
16 | On most Unix systems, you build Emacs by first running the `configure' | |
17 | shell script. This attempts to deduce the correct values for | |
18 | various system-dependent variables and features, and find the | |
19 | directories where certain system headers and libraries are kept. | |
20 | In a few cases, you may need to explicitly tell configure where to | |
21 | find some things, or what options to use. | |
22 | ||
23 | `configure' creates a `Makefile' in several subdirectories, and a | |
24 | `src/config.h' file containing system-dependent definitions. | |
25 | Running the `make' utility then builds the package for your system. | |
26 | ||
27 | Here's the procedure to build Emacs using `configure' on systems which | |
28 | are supported by it. In some cases, if the simplified procedure fails, | |
29 | you might need to use various non-default options, and maybe perform | |
30 | some of the steps manually. The more detailed description in the other | |
31 | sections of this guide will help you do that, so please refer to those | |
32 | sections if you need to. | |
33 | ||
34 | 1. Unpacking the Emacs 23.2 release requires about 170 MB of free | |
35 | disk space. Building Emacs uses about another 60 MB of space. | |
36 | The final installed Emacs uses about 120 MB of disk space. | |
37 | This includes the space-saving that comes from automatically | |
38 | compressing the Lisp source files on installation. | |
39 | ||
40 | 2a. `cd' to the directory where you unpacked Emacs and invoke the | |
41 | `configure' script: | |
42 | ||
43 | ./configure | |
44 | ||
45 | 2b. Alternatively, create a separate directory, outside the source | |
46 | directory, where you want to build Emacs, and invoke `configure' | |
47 | from there: | |
48 | ||
49 | SOURCE-DIR/configure | |
50 | ||
51 | where SOURCE-DIR is the top-level Emacs source directory. | |
52 | This may not work unless you use GNU make. | |
53 | ||
54 | 3. When `configure' finishes, it prints several lines of details | |
55 | about the system configuration. Read those details carefully | |
56 | looking for anything suspicious, such as wrong CPU and operating | |
57 | system names, wrong places for headers or libraries, missing | |
58 | libraries that you know are installed on your system, etc. | |
59 | ||
60 | If you find anything wrong, you may have to pass to `configure' | |
61 | one or more options specifying the explicit machine configuration | |
62 | name, where to find various headers and libraries, etc. | |
63 | Refer to the section DETAILED BUILDING AND INSTALLATION below. | |
64 | ||
65 | If `configure' didn't find some (optional) image support libraries, | |
66 | such as Xpm, jpeg, etc., and you want to use them, refer to the | |
67 | subsection "Image support libraries" below. | |
68 | ||
69 | If the details printed by `configure' don't make any sense to | |
70 | you, but there are no obvious errors, assume that `configure' did | |
71 | its job and proceed. | |
72 | ||
73 | 4. If you need to run the `configure' script more than once (e.g., | |
74 | with some non-default options), always clean the source | |
75 | directories before running `configure' again: | |
76 | ||
77 | make distclean | |
78 | ./configure | |
79 | ||
80 | 5. Invoke the `make' program: | |
81 | ||
82 | make | |
83 | ||
84 | 6. If `make' succeeds, it will build an executable program `emacs' | |
85 | in the `src' directory. You can try this program, to make sure | |
86 | it works: | |
87 | ||
88 | src/emacs -Q | |
89 | ||
90 | 7. Assuming that the program `src/emacs' starts and displays its | |
91 | opening screen, you can install the program and its auxiliary | |
92 | files into their installation directories: | |
93 | ||
94 | make install | |
95 | ||
96 | You are now ready to use Emacs. If you wish to conserve disk space, | |
97 | you may remove the program binaries and object files from the | |
98 | directory where you built Emacs: | |
99 | ||
100 | make clean | |
101 | ||
102 | You can delete the entire build directory if you do not plan to | |
103 | build Emacs again, but it can be useful to keep for debugging. | |
104 | ||
105 | Note that the install automatically saves space by compressing | |
106 | (provided you have the `gzip' program) those installed Lisp source (.el) | |
107 | files that have corresponding .elc versions, as well as the Info files. | |
108 | ||
109 | ||
110 | ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION FILES | |
111 | ||
112 | * Complex Text Layout support libraries | |
113 | ||
114 | Emacs needs the optional libraries "m17n-db", "libm17n-flt", "libotf" | |
115 | to correctly display such complex scripts as Indic and Khmer. | |
116 | On some systems, particularly GNU/Linux, these libraries may be | |
117 | already present or available as additional packages. Note that if | |
118 | there is a separate `dev' or `devel' package, for use at compilation | |
119 | time rather than run time, you will need that as well as the | |
120 | corresponding run time package; typically the dev package will contain | |
121 | header files and a library archive. Otherwise, you can download and | |
122 | build libraries from sources. | |
123 | ||
124 | The sources of these libraries are available by anonymous CVS from | |
125 | cvs.m17n.org. | |
126 | ||
127 | % cvs -d :pserver:anonymous@cvs.m17n.org:/cvs/m17n login | |
128 | % cvs -d :pserver:anonymous@cvs.m17n.org:/cvs/m17n co m17n-db | |
129 | % cvs -d :pserver:anonymous@cvs.m17n.org:/cvs/m17n co m17n-lib | |
130 | % cvs -d :pserver:anonymous@cvs.m17n.org:/cvs/m17n co libotf | |
131 | ||
132 | For m17n-lib, if you have problems with making the whole package | |
133 | because you lack some other packages on which m17n-lib depends, try to | |
134 | configure it with the option "--without-gui". | |
135 | ||
136 | * intlfonts-VERSION.tar.gz | |
137 | ||
138 | The intlfonts distribution contains X11 fonts in various encodings | |
139 | that Emacs can use to display international characters. If you see a | |
140 | non-ASCII character appear as a hollow box, that means you don't have | |
141 | a font for it. You might find one in the intlfonts distribution. If | |
142 | you do have a font for a non-ASCII character, but some characters | |
143 | don't look right, or appear improperly aligned, a font from the | |
144 | intlfonts distribution might look better. | |
145 | ||
146 | The fonts in the intlfonts distribution are also used by the ps-print | |
147 | package for printing international characters. The file | |
148 | lisp/ps-mule.el defines the *.bdf font files required for printing | |
149 | each character set. | |
150 | ||
151 | The intlfonts distribution contains its own installation instructions, | |
152 | in the intlfonts/README file. | |
153 | ||
154 | * Image support libraries | |
155 | ||
156 | Emacs needs optional libraries to be able to display images (with the | |
157 | exception of PBM and XBM images whose support is built-in). | |
158 | ||
159 | On some systems, particularly on GNU/Linux, these libraries may | |
160 | already be present or available as additional packages. Note that if | |
161 | there is a separate `dev' or `devel' package, for use at compilation | |
162 | time rather than run time, you will need that as well as the | |
163 | corresponding run time package; typically the dev package will | |
164 | contain header files and a library archive. Otherwise, you can | |
165 | download and build libraries from sources. None of them are vital for | |
166 | running Emacs; however, note that Emacs will not be able to use | |
167 | colored icons in the toolbar if XPM support is not compiled in. | |
168 | ||
169 | Here's the list of some of these optional libraries, and the URLs | |
170 | where they can be found (in the unlikely event that your distribution | |
171 | does not provide them): | |
172 | ||
173 | . libXaw3d http://directory.fsf.org/project/xaw3d/ | |
174 | . libxpm for XPM: http://www.x.org/releases/current/src/lib/ | |
175 | . libpng for PNG: http://www.libpng.org/ | |
176 | . libz (for PNG): http://www.zlib.net/ | |
177 | . libjpeg for JPEG: http://www.ijg.org/ | |
178 | . libtiff for TIFF: http://www.libtiff.org/ | |
179 | . libgif for GIF: http://sourceforge.net/projects/giflib/ | |
180 | ||
181 | Emacs will configure itself to build with these libraries if the | |
182 | `configure' script finds them on your system, unless you supply the | |
183 | appropriate --without-LIB option. In some cases, older versions of | |
184 | these libraries won't work because some routines are missing, and | |
185 | configure should avoid such old versions. If that happens, use the | |
186 | --without-LIB options to `configure', if you need to. | |
187 | ||
188 | * Extra fonts | |
189 | ||
190 | The Emacs distribution does not include fonts and does not install | |
191 | them. | |
192 | ||
193 | On the GNU system, Emacs supports both X fonts and local fonts | |
194 | (i.e. fonts managed by the fontconfig library). If you need more | |
195 | fonts than your distribution normally provides, you must install them | |
196 | yourself. See <URL:http://www.gnu.org/software/freefont/> for a large | |
197 | number of free Unicode fonts. | |
198 | ||
199 | * GNU/Linux development packages | |
200 | ||
201 | Many GNU/Linux systems do not come with development packages by default; | |
202 | they include the files that you need to run Emacs, but not those you | |
203 | need to compile it. For example, to compile Emacs with support for X | |
204 | and graphics libraries, you may need to install the `X development' | |
205 | package(s), and development versions of the jpeg, png, etc. packages. | |
206 | ||
207 | The names of the packages that you need varies according to the | |
208 | GNU/Linux distribution that you use, and the options that you want to | |
209 | configure Emacs with. On Debian-based systems, you can install all the | |
210 | packages needed to build the installed version of Emacs with a command | |
211 | like `apt-get build-dep emacs23'. | |
212 | ||
213 | ||
214 | DETAILED BUILDING AND INSTALLATION: | |
215 | ||
216 | (This is for a Unix or Unix-like system. For MS-DOS and MS Windows 3.X, | |
217 | see msdos/INSTALL. For later versions of MS Windows, see the file | |
218 | nt/INSTALL. For GNUstep and Mac OS X, see nextstep/INSTALL.) | |
219 | ||
220 | 1) Make sure your system has enough swapping space allocated to handle | |
221 | a program whose pure code is 1.5 MB and whose data area is at | |
222 | least 2.8 MB and can reach 100 MB or more. If the swapping space is | |
223 | insufficient, you will get an error in the command `temacs -batch -l | |
224 | loadup dump', found in `./src/Makefile.in', or possibly when | |
225 | running the final dumped Emacs. (This should not be an issue | |
226 | on any recent system.) | |
227 | ||
228 | Building Emacs requires about 230 MB of disk space (including the | |
229 | Emacs sources). Once installed, Emacs occupies about 120 MB in the file | |
230 | system where it is installed; this includes the executable files, Lisp | |
231 | libraries, miscellaneous data files, and on-line documentation. If | |
232 | the building and installation take place in different directories, | |
233 | then the installation procedure momentarily requires 230+120 MB. | |
234 | ||
235 | 2) In the unlikely event that `configure' does not detect your system | |
236 | type correctly, consult `./etc/MACHINES' to see what --host, --build | |
237 | options you should pass to `configure'. That file also offers hints | |
238 | for getting around some possible installation problems. | |
239 | ||
240 | 3) You can build Emacs in the top-level Emacs source directory | |
241 | or in a separate directory. | |
242 | ||
243 | 3a) To build in the top-level Emacs source directory, go to that | |
244 | directory and run the program `configure' as follows: | |
245 | ||
246 | ./configure [--OPTION[=VALUE]] ... | |
247 | ||
248 | If `configure' cannot determine your system type, try again | |
249 | specifying the proper --build, --host options explicitly. | |
250 | ||
251 | If you don't want X support, specify `--with-x=no'. If you omit this | |
252 | option, `configure' will try to figure out for itself whether your | |
253 | system has X, and arrange to use it if present. | |
254 | ||
255 | The `--x-includes=DIR' and `--x-libraries=DIR' options tell the build | |
256 | process where the compiler should look for the include files and | |
257 | object libraries used with the X Window System. Normally, `configure' | |
258 | is able to find them; these options are necessary if you have your X | |
259 | Window System files installed in unusual places. These options also | |
260 | accept a list of directories, separated with colons. | |
261 | ||
262 | To get more attractive menus, you can specify an X toolkit when you | |
263 | configure Emacs; use the option `--with-x-toolkit=TOOLKIT', where | |
264 | TOOLKIT is `gtk' (the default), `athena', or `motif' (`yes' and | |
265 | `lucid' are synonyms for `athena'). On some systems, it does not work | |
266 | to use a toolkit with shared libraries. A free implementation of | |
267 | Motif, called LessTif, is available from <http://www.lesstif.org>. | |
268 | Compiling with LessTif or Motif causes a standard File Selection | |
269 | Dialog to pop up when you invoke file commands with the mouse. You | |
270 | can get fancy 3D-style scroll bars, even without Gtk or LessTif/Motif, | |
271 | if you have the Xaw3d library installed (see "Image support libraries" | |
272 | above for Xaw3d availability). | |
273 | ||
274 | You can tell configure where to search for GTK by specifying | |
275 | `--with-pkg-config-prog=PATH' where PATH is the pathname to | |
276 | pkg-config. Note that GTK version 2.6 or newer is required for Emacs. | |
277 | ||
278 | The Emacs mail reader RMAIL is configured to be able to read mail from | |
279 | a POP3 server by default. Versions of the POP protocol older than | |
280 | POP3 are not supported. For Kerberos-authenticated POP add | |
281 | `--with-kerberos', for Hesiod support add `--with-hesiod'. While POP3 | |
282 | is always enabled, whether Emacs actually uses POP is controlled by | |
283 | individual users--see the Rmail chapter of the Emacs manual. | |
284 | ||
285 | For image support you may have to download, build, and install the | |
286 | appropriate image support libraries for image types other than XBM and | |
287 | PBM, see the list of URLs in "ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION FILES" above. | |
288 | (Note that PNG support requires libz in addition to libpng.) | |
289 | ||
290 | To disable individual types of image support in Emacs for some reason, | |
291 | even though configure finds the libraries, you can configure with one | |
292 | or more of these options: | |
293 | ||
294 | --without-xpm for XPM image support | |
295 | --without-jpeg for JPEG image support | |
296 | --without-tiff for TIFF image support | |
297 | --without-gif for GIF image support | |
298 | --without-png for PNG image support | |
299 | ||
300 | Use --without-toolkit-scroll-bars to disable LessTif/Motif or Xaw3d | |
301 | scroll bars. | |
302 | ||
303 | Use --without-xim to inhibit the default use of X Input Methods. | |
304 | In this case, the X resource useXIM can be used to turn on use of XIM. | |
305 | ||
306 | Use --disable-largefile to omit support for files larger than 2GB on | |
307 | systems which support that. | |
308 | ||
309 | Use --without-sound to disable sound support. | |
310 | ||
311 | The `--prefix=PREFIXDIR' option specifies where the installation process | |
312 | should put emacs and its data files. This defaults to `/usr/local'. | |
313 | - Emacs (and the other utilities users run) go in PREFIXDIR/bin | |
314 | (unless the `--exec-prefix' option says otherwise). | |
315 | - The architecture-independent files go in PREFIXDIR/share/emacs/VERSION | |
316 | (where VERSION is the version number of Emacs, like `23.2'). | |
317 | - The architecture-dependent files go in | |
318 | PREFIXDIR/libexec/emacs/VERSION/CONFIGURATION | |
319 | (where CONFIGURATION is the configuration name, like | |
320 | i686-pc-linux-gnu), unless the `--exec-prefix' option says otherwise. | |
321 | ||
322 | The `--exec-prefix=EXECDIR' option allows you to specify a separate | |
323 | portion of the directory tree for installing architecture-specific | |
324 | files, like executables and utility programs. If specified, | |
325 | - Emacs (and the other utilities users run) go in EXECDIR/bin, and | |
326 | - The architecture-dependent files go in | |
327 | EXECDIR/libexec/emacs/VERSION/CONFIGURATION. | |
328 | EXECDIR/bin should be a directory that is normally in users' PATHs. | |
329 | ||
330 | For example, the command | |
331 | ||
332 | ./configure --build=i386-linux-gnu --without-sound | |
333 | ||
334 | configures Emacs to build for a 32-bit GNU/Linux distribution, | |
335 | without sound support. | |
336 | ||
337 | `configure' doesn't do any compilation or installation itself. | |
338 | It just creates the files that influence those things: | |
339 | `./Makefile' in the top-level directory and several subdirectories; | |
340 | and `./src/config.h'. For details on exactly what it does, see the | |
341 | section called `CONFIGURATION BY HAND', below. | |
342 | ||
343 | When it is done, `configure' prints a description of what it did and | |
344 | creates a shell script `config.status' which, when run, recreates the | |
345 | same configuration. If `configure' exits with an error after | |
346 | disturbing the status quo, it removes `config.status'. `configure' | |
347 | also creates a file `config.cache' that saves the results of its tests | |
348 | to make reconfiguring faster, and a file `config.log' containing compiler | |
349 | output (useful mainly for debugging `configure'). You can give | |
350 | `configure' the option `--cache-file=FILE' to use the results of the | |
351 | tests in FILE instead of `config.cache'. Set FILE to `/dev/null' to | |
352 | disable caching, for debugging `configure'. | |
353 | ||
354 | If the description of the system configuration printed by `configure' | |
355 | is not right, or if it claims some of the features or libraries are not | |
356 | available when you know they are, look at the `config.log' file for | |
357 | the trace of the failed tests performed by `configure' to check | |
358 | whether these features are supported. Typically, some test fails | |
359 | because the compiler cannot find some function in the system | |
360 | libraries, or some macro-processor definition in the system headers. | |
361 | ||
362 | Some tests might fail because the compiler should look in special | |
363 | directories for some header files, or link against optional | |
364 | libraries, or use special compilation options. You can force | |
365 | `configure' and the build process which follows it to do that by | |
366 | setting the variables CPPFLAGS, CFLAGS, LDFLAGS, LIBS, CPP and CC | |
367 | before running `configure'. CPP is the command which invokes the | |
368 | preprocessor, CPPFLAGS lists the options passed to it, CFLAGS are | |
369 | compilation options, LDFLAGS are options used when linking, LIBS are | |
370 | libraries to link against, and CC is the command which invokes the | |
371 | compiler. By default, gcc is used if available. | |
372 | ||
373 | Here's an example of a `configure' invocation, assuming a Bourne-like | |
374 | shell such as Bash, which uses these variables: | |
375 | ||
376 | CPPFLAGS='-I/foo/myinclude' LDFLAGS='-L/bar/mylib' \ | |
377 | CFLAGS='-O3' LIBS='-lfoo -lbar' ./configure | |
378 | ||
379 | (this is all one long line). This tells `configure' to instruct the | |
380 | preprocessor to look in the `/foo/myinclude' directory for header | |
381 | files (in addition to the standard directories), instruct the linker | |
382 | to look in `/bar/mylib' for libraries, pass the -O3 optimization | |
383 | switch to the compiler, and link against libfoo and libbar | |
384 | libraries in addition to the standard ones. | |
385 | ||
386 | For some libraries, like Gtk+, fontconfig and ALSA, `configure' uses | |
387 | pkg-config to find where those libraries are installed. | |
388 | If you want pkg-config to look in special directories, you have to set | |
389 | the environment variable PKG_CONFIG_PATH to point to the directories | |
390 | where the .pc-files for those libraries are. | |
391 | For example: | |
392 | ||
393 | PKG_CONFIG_PATH='/usr/local/alsa/lib/pkgconfig:/opt/gtk+-2.8/lib/pkgconfig' \ | |
394 | ./configure | |
395 | ||
396 | The work of `configure' can be done by editing various files in the | |
397 | distribution, but using `configure' is easier. See the section called | |
398 | "CONFIGURATION BY HAND" below if you want to do the configuration | |
399 | yourself. | |
400 | ||
401 | 3b) To build in a separate directory, go to that directory | |
402 | and run the program `configure' as follows: | |
403 | ||
404 | SOURCE-DIR/configure CONFIGURATION-NAME [--OPTION[=VALUE]] ... | |
405 | ||
406 | SOURCE-DIR refers to the top-level Emacs source directory which is | |
407 | where Emacs's configure script is located. `configure' looks for the | |
408 | Emacs source code in the directory that `configure' is in. | |
409 | ||
410 | To build in a separate directory, you must use a version of `make' | |
411 | that supports the `VPATH' variable, such as GNU `make'. | |
412 | ||
413 | (Do not try to build in a separate directory by creating many links | |
414 | to the real source directory--there is no need, and installation will | |
415 | fail.) | |
416 | ||
417 | 4) Look at `./lisp/paths.el'; if some of those values are not right | |
418 | for your system, set up the file `./lisp/site-init.el' with Emacs | |
419 | Lisp code to override them; it is not a good idea to edit paths.el | |
420 | itself. YOU MUST USE THE LISP FUNCTION `setq' TO ASSIGN VALUES, | |
421 | rather than `defvar', as used by `./lisp/paths.el'. For example, | |
422 | ||
423 | (setq news-inews-program "/usr/bin/inews") | |
424 | ||
425 | is how you would override the default value of the variable | |
426 | news-inews-program. | |
427 | ||
428 | Before you override a variable this way, *look at the value* that the | |
429 | variable gets by default! Make sure you know what kind of value the | |
430 | variable should have. If you don't pay attention to what you are | |
431 | doing, you'll make a mistake. | |
432 | ||
433 | 5) Put into `./lisp/site-init.el' or `./lisp/site-load.el' any Emacs | |
434 | Lisp code you want Emacs to load before it is dumped out. Use | |
435 | site-load.el for additional libraries if you arrange for their | |
436 | documentation strings to be in the etc/DOC file (see | |
437 | src/Makefile.in if you wish to figure out how to do that). For all | |
438 | else, use site-init.el. Do not load byte-compiled code which | |
439 | was built with a non-nil value of `byte-compile-dynamic'. | |
440 | ||
441 | If you set load-path to a different value in site-init.el or | |
442 | site-load.el, Emacs will use *precisely* that value when it starts up | |
443 | again. If you do this, you are on your own! | |
444 | ||
445 | The `site-*.el' files are nonexistent in the distribution. You do not | |
446 | need to create them if you have nothing to put in them. | |
447 | ||
448 | 6) Refer to the file `./etc/TERMS' for information on fields you may | |
449 | wish to add to various termcap entries. (This is unlikely to be necessary.) | |
450 | ||
451 | 7) Run `make' in the top directory of the Emacs distribution to finish | |
452 | building Emacs in the standard way. The final executable file is | |
453 | named `src/emacs'. You can execute this file "in place" without | |
454 | copying it, if you wish; then it automatically uses the sibling | |
455 | directories ../lisp, ../lib-src, ../info. | |
456 | ||
457 | Or you can "install" the executable and the other files into their | |
458 | installed locations, with `make install'. By default, Emacs's files | |
459 | are installed in the following directories: | |
460 | ||
461 | `/usr/local/bin' holds the executable programs users normally run - | |
462 | `emacs', `etags', `ctags', `emacsclient', | |
463 | `grep-changelog', and `rcs-checkin'. | |
464 | ||
465 | `/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/lisp' holds the Emacs Lisp library; | |
466 | `VERSION' stands for the number of the Emacs version | |
467 | you are installing, like `23.1' or `23.2'. Since the | |
468 | Lisp library changes from one version of Emacs to | |
469 | another, including the version number in the path | |
470 | allows you to have several versions of Emacs installed | |
471 | at the same time; in particular, you don't have to | |
472 | make Emacs unavailable while installing a new version. | |
473 | ||
474 | `/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/etc' holds the Emacs tutorial, the DOC | |
475 | file, and other architecture-independent files Emacs | |
476 | might need while running. | |
477 | ||
478 | `/usr/local/libexec/emacs/VERSION/CONFIGURATION-NAME' contains executable | |
479 | programs used by Emacs that users are not expected to | |
480 | run themselves. | |
481 | `VERSION' is the number of the Emacs version you are | |
482 | installing, and `CONFIGURATION-NAME' is the value | |
483 | deduced by the `configure' program to identify the | |
484 | architecture and operating system of your machine, | |
485 | like `i686-pc-linux-gnu' or `sparc-sun-sunos'. Since | |
486 | these files are specific to the version of Emacs, | |
487 | operating system, and architecture in use, including | |
488 | the configuration name in the path allows you to have | |
489 | several versions of Emacs for any mix of machines and | |
490 | operating systems installed at the same time; this is | |
491 | useful for sites at which different kinds of machines | |
492 | share the file system Emacs is installed on. | |
493 | ||
494 | `/usr/local/share/info' holds the on-line documentation for Emacs, | |
495 | known as "info files". Many other GNU programs are | |
496 | documented using info files as well, so this directory | |
497 | stands apart from the other, Emacs-specific directories. | |
498 | ||
499 | `/usr/local/share/man/man1' holds the man pages for the programs installed | |
500 | in `/usr/local/bin'. | |
501 | ||
502 | Any version of Emacs, whether installed or not, also looks for Lisp | |
503 | files in these directories. | |
504 | ||
505 | `/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/site-lisp' holds the local Emacs Lisp | |
506 | files installed for Emacs version VERSION only. | |
507 | ||
508 | `/usr/local/share/emacs/site-lisp' holds the local Emacs Lisp | |
509 | files installed for all Emacs versions. | |
510 | ||
511 | When Emacs is installed, it searches for its Lisp files | |
512 | in `/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/site-lisp', then in | |
513 | `/usr/local/share/emacs/site-lisp', and finally in | |
514 | `/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/lisp'. | |
515 | ||
516 | If these directories are not what you want, you can specify where to | |
517 | install Emacs's libraries and data files or where Emacs should search | |
518 | for its Lisp files by giving values for `make' variables as part of | |
519 | the command. See the section below called `MAKE VARIABLES' for more | |
520 | information on this. | |
521 | ||
522 | 8) Check the file `dir' in your site's info directory (usually | |
523 | /usr/local/share/info) to make sure that it has a menu entry for the | |
524 | Emacs info files. | |
525 | ||
526 | 9) If your system uses lock files to interlock access to mailer inbox files, | |
527 | then you might need to make the movemail program setuid or setgid | |
528 | to enable it to write the lock files. We believe this is safe. | |
529 | ||
530 | 10) You are done! You can remove executables and object files from | |
531 | the build directory by typing `make clean'. To also remove the files | |
532 | that `configure' created (so you can compile Emacs for a different | |
533 | configuration), type `make distclean'. If you don't need some, or all | |
534 | of the input methods from the Leim package, you can remove the | |
535 | unneeded files in the leim subdirectories of your site's lisp | |
536 | directory (usually /usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/). | |
537 | ||
538 | ||
539 | ||
540 | MAKE VARIABLES | |
541 | ||
542 | You can change where the build process installs Emacs and its data | |
543 | files by specifying values for `make' variables as part of the `make' | |
544 | command line. For example, if you type | |
545 | ||
546 | make install bindir=/usr/local/gnubin | |
547 | ||
548 | the `bindir=/usr/local/gnubin' argument indicates that the Emacs | |
549 | executable files should go in `/usr/local/gnubin', not | |
550 | `/usr/local/bin'. | |
551 | ||
552 | Here is a complete list of the variables you may want to set. | |
553 | ||
554 | `bindir' indicates where to put executable programs that users can | |
555 | run. This defaults to /usr/local/bin. | |
556 | ||
557 | `datadir' indicates where to put the architecture-independent | |
558 | read-only data files that Emacs refers to while it runs; it | |
559 | defaults to /usr/local/share. We create the following | |
560 | subdirectories under `datadir': | |
561 | - `emacs/VERSION/lisp', containing the Emacs Lisp library, and | |
562 | - `emacs/VERSION/etc', containing the tutorials, DOC file, etc. | |
563 | `VERSION' is the number of the Emacs version you are installing, | |
564 | like `23.1' or `23.2'. Since these files vary from one version | |
565 | of Emacs to another, including the version number in the path | |
566 | allows you to have several versions of Emacs installed at the | |
567 | same time; this means that you don't have to make Emacs | |
568 | unavailable while installing a new version. | |
569 | ||
570 | `libexecdir' indicates where to put architecture-specific data files that | |
571 | Emacs refers to as it runs; it defaults to `/usr/local/libexec'. | |
572 | We create the following subdirectories under `libexecdir': | |
573 | - `emacs/VERSION/CONFIGURATION-NAME', containing executable | |
574 | programs used by Emacs that users are not expected to run | |
575 | themselves. | |
576 | `VERSION' is the number of the Emacs version you are installing, | |
577 | and `CONFIGURATION-NAME' is the value deduced by the | |
578 | `configure' program to identify the architecture and operating | |
579 | system of your machine, like `i686-pc-linux-gnu' or `sparc-sun-sunos'. | |
580 | Since these files are specific to the version of Emacs, | |
581 | operating system, and architecture in use, including the | |
582 | configuration name in the path allows you to have several | |
583 | versions of Emacs for any mix of machines and operating | |
584 | systems installed at the same time; this is useful for sites | |
585 | at which different kinds of machines share the file system | |
586 | Emacs is installed on. | |
587 | ||
588 | `infodir' indicates where to put the info files distributed with | |
589 | Emacs; it defaults to `/usr/local/share/info'. | |
590 | ||
591 | `mandir' indicates where to put the man pages for Emacs and its | |
592 | utilities (like `etags'); it defaults to | |
593 | `/usr/local/share/man/man1'. | |
594 | ||
595 | `prefix' doesn't give a path for any specific part of Emacs; instead, | |
596 | its value is used to determine the defaults for all the | |
597 | architecture-independent path variables - `datadir', | |
598 | `sharedstatedir', `infodir', and `mandir'. Its default value is | |
599 | `/usr/local'; the other variables add on `lib' or `man' to it | |
600 | by default. | |
601 | ||
602 | For example, suppose your site generally places GNU software | |
603 | under `/usr/users/software/gnusoft' instead of `/usr/local'. | |
604 | By including | |
605 | `prefix=/usr/users/software/gnusoft' | |
606 | in the arguments to `make', you can instruct the build process | |
607 | to place all of the Emacs data files in the appropriate | |
608 | directories under that path. | |
609 | ||
610 | `exec_prefix' serves the same purpose as `prefix', but instead | |
611 | determines the default values for the architecture-dependent | |
612 | path variables - `bindir' and `libexecdir'. | |
613 | ||
614 | The above variables serve analogous purposes in the makefiles for all | |
615 | GNU software; the following variable is specific to Emacs. | |
616 | ||
617 | `archlibdir' indicates where Emacs installs and expects the executable | |
618 | files and other architecture-dependent data it uses while | |
619 | running. Its default value, based on `libexecdir' (which | |
620 | see), is `/usr/local/libexec/emacs/VERSION/CONFIGURATION-NAME' | |
621 | (where VERSION and CONFIGURATION-NAME are as described above). | |
622 | ||
623 | Remember that you must specify any variable values you need each time | |
624 | you run `make' in the top directory. If you run `make' once to build | |
625 | emacs, test it, and then run `make' again to install the files, you | |
626 | must provide the same variable settings each time. To make the | |
627 | settings persist, you can edit them into the `Makefile' in the top | |
628 | directory, but be aware that running the `configure' program erases | |
629 | `Makefile' and rebuilds it from `Makefile.in'. | |
630 | ||
631 | The path for finding Lisp files is specified in src/epaths.h, | |
632 | a file which is generated by running configure. To change the path, | |
633 | you can edit the definition of PATH_LOADSEARCH in that file | |
634 | before you run `make'. | |
635 | ||
636 | The top-level Makefile stores the variable settings it used in the | |
637 | Makefiles for the subdirectories, so you don't have to specify them | |
638 | when running make in the subdirectories. | |
639 | ||
640 | ||
641 | CONFIGURATION BY HAND | |
642 | ||
643 | This should not be necessary and is not recommended. Instead of | |
644 | running the `configure' program, you have to perform the following steps. | |
645 | ||
646 | 1) Copy `./src/config.in' to `./src/config.h'. | |
647 | ||
648 | 2) Consult `./etc/MACHINES' to see what configuration name you should | |
649 | use for your system. Look at the code of the `configure' script to | |
650 | see which operating system and architecture description files from | |
651 | `src/s' and `src/m' should be used for that configuration name. Edit | |
652 | `src/config.h', and change the two `#include' directives to include | |
653 | the appropriate system and architecture description files. | |
654 | ||
655 | 2) Edit `./src/config.h' to set the right options for your system. If | |
656 | you need to override any of the definitions in the s/*.h and m/*.h | |
657 | files for your system and machine, do so by editing config.h, not by | |
658 | changing the s/*.h and m/*.h files. | |
659 | ||
660 | 3) Create `Makefile' files in various directories from the | |
661 | corresponding `Makefile.in' files. This isn't so hard, just a matter | |
662 | of editing in appropriate substitutions for the @...@ constructs. | |
663 | ||
664 | The `configure' script is built from `configure.in' by the `autoconf' | |
665 | program. You need at least the version of autoconf specified in the | |
666 | AC_PREREQ(...) command to rebuild `configure' from `configure.in'. | |
667 | ||
668 | BUILDING GNU EMACS BY HAND | |
669 | ||
670 | Once Emacs is configured, running `make' in the top directory performs | |
671 | the following steps. | |
672 | ||
673 | 1) Run `make epaths-force' in the top directory. This produces | |
674 | `./src/epaths.h' from the template file `./src/epaths.in', changing | |
675 | the paths to the values specified in `./Makefile'. | |
676 | ||
9a514d4a PE |
677 | 2) Go to directory `./lib' and run `make'. This creates include files |
678 | and libraries used in later steps. | |
679 | ||
680 | 3) Go to directory `./lib-src' and run `make'. This creates | |
067d23c9 KY |
681 | executables named `etags', `make-docfile', and others. |
682 | ||
9a514d4a PE |
683 | 4) Go to directory `./src' and run `make'. This refers to files in |
684 | the `./lisp', `./lib', and `./lib-src' subdirectories using names | |
685 | `../lisp', `../lib', and `../lib-src'. | |
067d23c9 KY |
686 | |
687 | This creates a file `./src/emacs' which is the runnable Emacs, | |
688 | which has another name that contains a version number. | |
689 | Each time you do this, that version number increments in the last place. | |
690 | ||
691 | It also creates a file in `./etc' whose name is `DOC' followed by the | |
692 | current Emacs version. This file contains documentation strings for | |
693 | all the functions in Emacs. Each time you run make to make a new | |
694 | emacs, a new DOC file with a new name is made. You must keep the DOC | |
695 | file for an Emacs version as long as you keep using that Emacs version. | |
696 | ||
697 | ||
698 | INSTALLATION BY HAND | |
699 | ||
700 | The steps below are done by running `make install' in the main | |
701 | directory of the Emacs distribution. | |
702 | ||
703 | 1) Copy `./lisp' and its subdirectories, `./etc', and the executables | |
704 | in `./lib-src' to their final destinations, as selected in `./src/epaths.h'. | |
705 | ||
706 | Strictly speaking, not all of the executables in `./lib-src' need be copied. | |
707 | - The programs `fakemail', `hexl', `movemail', `profile', `rcs2log', | |
708 | and `vcdiff' are used by Emacs; they do need to be copied. | |
709 | - The programs `etags', `ctags', `emacsclient', and `rcs-checkin' | |
710 | are intended to be run by users; they are handled below. | |
711 | - The programs `make-docfile' and `test-distrib' were | |
712 | used in building Emacs, and are not needed any more. | |
713 | ||
714 | 2) Copy the files in `./info' to the place specified in | |
715 | `./lisp/site-init.el' or `./lisp/paths.el'. Note that if the | |
716 | destination directory already contains a file named `dir', you | |
717 | probably don't want to replace it with the `dir' file in the Emacs | |
718 | distribution. Instead, you should make sure that the existing `dir' | |
719 | file contains an appropriate menu entry for the Emacs info. | |
720 | ||
721 | 3) Copy `./src/emacs' to `/usr/local/bin', or to some other directory | |
722 | in users' search paths. `./src/emacs' has an alternate name | |
723 | `./src/emacs-EMACSVERSION'; you may wish to make a symbolic link named | |
724 | `/usr/local/bin/emacs' pointing to that alternate name, as an easy way | |
725 | of installing different versions. | |
726 | ||
727 | You can delete `./src/temacs'. | |
728 | ||
729 | 4) Copy the programs `emacsclient', `ctags', `etags', and `rcs-checkin' | |
730 | from `./lib-src' to `/usr/local/bin'. These programs are intended for | |
731 | users to run. | |
732 | ||
733 | 5) Copy the man pages in `./doc/man' into the appropriate man directory. | |
734 | ||
735 | 6) The files in the `./src' subdirectory, except for `emacs', are not | |
736 | used by Emacs once it is built. However, it is very desirable to keep | |
737 | the source on line for debugging. | |
738 | ||
739 | ||
740 | PROBLEMS | |
741 | ||
742 | See the file `./etc/PROBLEMS' for a list of various problems sometimes | |
743 | encountered, and what to do about them. | |
744 | \f | |
745 | This file is part of GNU Emacs. | |
746 | ||
747 | GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify | |
748 | it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by | |
749 | the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or | |
750 | (at your option) any later version. | |
751 | ||
752 | GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, | |
753 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of | |
754 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the | |
755 | GNU General Public License for more details. | |
756 | ||
757 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License | |
758 | along with GNU Emacs. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. |