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1 | % Reference Card for GNU Emacs version 20 on Unix systems |
2 | %**start of header | |
3 | \newcount\columnsperpage | |
4 | ||
5 | % This file can be printed with 1, 2, or 3 columns per page (see below). | |
6 | % Specify how many you want here. Nothing else needs to be changed. | |
7 | ||
8 | \columnsperpage=1 | |
9 | ||
10 | % Copyright (c) 1987, 1993, 1996, 1997 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
11 | ||
12 | % This file is part of GNU Emacs. | |
13 | ||
14 | % GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify | |
15 | % it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by | |
16 | % the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) | |
17 | % any later version. | |
18 | ||
19 | % GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, | |
20 | % but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of | |
21 | % MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the | |
22 | % GNU General Public License for more details. | |
23 | ||
24 | % You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License | |
25 | % along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING. If not, write to | |
26 | % the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, | |
27 | % Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. | |
28 | ||
29 | % This file is intended to be processed by plain TeX (TeX82). | |
30 | % | |
31 | % The final reference card has six columns, three on each side. | |
32 | % This file can be used to produce it in any of three ways: | |
33 | % 1 column per page | |
34 | % produces six separate pages, each of which needs to be reduced to 80%. | |
35 | % This gives the best resolution. | |
36 | % 2 columns per page | |
37 | % produces three already-reduced pages. | |
38 | % You will still need to cut and paste. | |
39 | % 3 columns per page | |
40 | % produces two pages which must be printed sideways to make a | |
41 | % ready-to-use 8.5 x 11 inch reference card. | |
42 | % For this you need a dvi device driver that can print sideways. | |
43 | % Which mode to use is controlled by setting \columnsperpage above. | |
44 | % | |
45 | % Author: | |
46 | % Stephen Gildea | |
47 | % Internet: gildea@mit.edu | |
48 | % | |
49 | % Thanks to Paul Rubin, Bob Chassell, Len Tower, and Richard Mlynarik | |
50 | % for their many good ideas. | |
51 | ||
52 | % If there were room, it would be nice to see a section on Dired. | |
53 | ||
54 | \def\versionnumber{2.2} | |
55 | \def\year{1997} | |
56 | ||
57 | \def\shortcopyrightnotice{\vskip 1ex plus 2 fill | |
58 | \centerline{\small \copyright\ \year\ Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
59 | Permissions on back. v\versionnumber}} | |
60 | ||
61 | \def\copyrightnotice{ | |
62 | \vskip 1ex plus 2 fill\begingroup\small | |
63 | \centerline{Copyright \copyright\ \year\ Free Software Foundation, Inc.} | |
64 | \centerline{v\versionnumber{} for GNU Emacs version 20, June \year} | |
65 | \centerline{designed by Stephen Gildea} | |
66 | ||
67 | Permission is granted to make and distribute copies of | |
68 | this card provided the copyright notice and this permission notice | |
69 | are preserved on all copies. | |
70 | ||
71 | For copies of the GNU Emacs manual, write to the Free Software | |
72 | Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA | |
73 | ||
74 | \endgroup} | |
75 | ||
76 | % make \bye not \outer so that the \def\bye in the \else clause below | |
77 | % can be scanned without complaint. | |
78 | \def\bye{\par\vfill\supereject\end} | |
79 | ||
80 | \newdimen\intercolumnskip %horizontal space between columns | |
81 | \newbox\columna %boxes to hold columns already built | |
82 | \newbox\columnb | |
83 | ||
84 | \def\ncolumns{\the\columnsperpage} | |
85 | ||
86 | \message{[\ncolumns\space | |
87 | column\if 1\ncolumns\else s\fi\space per page]} | |
88 | ||
89 | \def\scaledmag#1{ scaled \magstep #1} | |
90 | ||
91 | % This multi-way format was designed by Stephen Gildea October 1986. | |
92 | % Note that the 1-column format is fontfamily-independent. | |
93 | \if 1\ncolumns %one-column format uses normal size | |
94 | \hsize 4in | |
95 | \vsize 10in | |
96 | \voffset -.7in | |
97 | \font\titlefont=\fontname\tenbf \scaledmag3 | |
98 | \font\headingfont=\fontname\tenbf \scaledmag2 | |
99 | \font\smallfont=\fontname\sevenrm | |
100 | \font\smallsy=\fontname\sevensy | |
101 | ||
102 | \footline{\hss\folio} | |
103 | \def\makefootline{\baselineskip10pt\hsize6.5in\line{\the\footline}} | |
104 | \else %2 or 3 columns uses prereduced size | |
105 | \hsize 3.2in | |
106 | \vsize 7.95in | |
107 | \hoffset -.75in | |
108 | \voffset -.745in | |
109 | \font\titlefont=cmbx10 \scaledmag2 | |
110 | \font\headingfont=cmbx10 \scaledmag1 | |
111 | \font\smallfont=cmr6 | |
112 | \font\smallsy=cmsy6 | |
113 | \font\eightrm=cmr8 | |
114 | \font\eightbf=cmbx8 | |
115 | \font\eightit=cmti8 | |
116 | \font\eighttt=cmtt8 | |
117 | \font\eightmi=cmmi8 | |
118 | \font\eightsy=cmsy8 | |
119 | \textfont0=\eightrm | |
120 | \textfont1=\eightmi | |
121 | \textfont2=\eightsy | |
122 | \def\rm{\eightrm} | |
123 | \def\bf{\eightbf} | |
124 | \def\it{\eightit} | |
125 | \def\tt{\eighttt} | |
126 | \normalbaselineskip=.8\normalbaselineskip | |
127 | \normallineskip=.8\normallineskip | |
128 | \normallineskiplimit=.8\normallineskiplimit | |
129 | \normalbaselines\rm %make definitions take effect | |
130 | ||
131 | \if 2\ncolumns | |
132 | \let\maxcolumn=b | |
133 | \footline{\hss\rm\folio\hss} | |
134 | \def\makefootline{\vskip 2in \hsize=6.86in\line{\the\footline}} | |
135 | \else \if 3\ncolumns | |
136 | \let\maxcolumn=c | |
137 | \nopagenumbers | |
138 | \else | |
139 | \errhelp{You must set \columnsperpage equal to 1, 2, or 3.} | |
140 | \errmessage{Illegal number of columns per page} | |
141 | \fi\fi | |
142 | ||
143 | \intercolumnskip=.46in | |
144 | \def\abc{a} | |
145 | \output={% %see The TeXbook page 257 | |
146 | % This next line is useful when designing the layout. | |
147 | %\immediate\write16{Column \folio\abc\space starts with \firstmark} | |
148 | \if \maxcolumn\abc \multicolumnformat \global\def\abc{a} | |
149 | \else\if a\abc | |
150 | \global\setbox\columna\columnbox \global\def\abc{b} | |
151 | %% in case we never use \columnb (two-column mode) | |
152 | \global\setbox\columnb\hbox to -\intercolumnskip{} | |
153 | \else | |
154 | \global\setbox\columnb\columnbox \global\def\abc{c}\fi\fi} | |
155 | \def\multicolumnformat{\shipout\vbox{\makeheadline | |
156 | \hbox{\box\columna\hskip\intercolumnskip | |
157 | \box\columnb\hskip\intercolumnskip\columnbox} | |
158 | \makefootline}\advancepageno} | |
159 | \def\columnbox{\leftline{\pagebody}} | |
160 | ||
161 | \def\bye{\par\vfill\supereject | |
162 | \if a\abc \else\null\vfill\eject\fi | |
163 | \if a\abc \else\null\vfill\eject\fi | |
164 | \end} | |
165 | \fi | |
166 | ||
167 | % we won't be using math mode much, so redefine some of the characters | |
168 | % we might want to talk about | |
169 | \catcode`\^=12 | |
170 | \catcode`\_=12 | |
171 | ||
172 | \chardef\\=`\\ | |
173 | \chardef\{=`\{ | |
174 | \chardef\}=`\} | |
175 | ||
176 | \hyphenation{mini-buf-fer} | |
177 | ||
178 | \parindent 0pt | |
179 | \parskip 1ex plus .5ex minus .5ex | |
180 | ||
181 | \def\small{\smallfont\textfont2=\smallsy\baselineskip=.8\baselineskip} | |
182 | ||
183 | % newcolumn - force a new column. Use sparingly, probably only for | |
184 | % the first column of a page, which should have a title anyway. | |
185 | \outer\def\newcolumn{\vfill\eject} | |
186 | ||
187 | % title - page title. Argument is title text. | |
188 | \outer\def\title#1{{\titlefont\centerline{#1}}\vskip 1ex plus .5ex} | |
189 | ||
190 | % section - new major section. Argument is section name. | |
191 | \outer\def\section#1{\par\filbreak | |
192 | \vskip 3ex plus 2ex minus 2ex {\headingfont #1}\mark{#1}% | |
193 | \vskip 2ex plus 1ex minus 1.5ex} | |
194 | ||
195 | \newdimen\keyindent | |
196 | ||
197 | % beginindentedkeys...endindentedkeys - key definitions will be | |
198 | % indented, but running text, typically used as headings to group | |
199 | % definitions, will not. | |
200 | \def\beginindentedkeys{\keyindent=1em} | |
201 | \def\endindentedkeys{\keyindent=0em} | |
202 | \endindentedkeys | |
203 | ||
204 | % paralign - begin paragraph containing an alignment. | |
205 | % If an \halign is entered while in vertical mode, a parskip is never | |
206 | % inserted. Using \paralign instead of \halign solves this problem. | |
207 | \def\paralign{\vskip\parskip\halign} | |
208 | ||
209 | % \<...> - surrounds a variable name in a code example | |
210 | \def\<#1>{{\it #1\/}} | |
211 | ||
212 | % kbd - argument is characters typed literally. Like the Texinfo command. | |
213 | \def\kbd#1{{\tt#1}\null} %\null so not an abbrev even if period follows | |
214 | ||
215 | % beginexample...endexample - surrounds literal text, such a code example. | |
216 | % typeset in a typewriter font with line breaks preserved | |
217 | \def\beginexample{\par\leavevmode\begingroup | |
218 | \obeylines\obeyspaces\parskip0pt\tt} | |
219 | {\obeyspaces\global\let =\ } | |
220 | \def\endexample{\endgroup} | |
221 | ||
222 | % key - definition of a key. | |
223 | % \key{description of key}{key-name} | |
224 | % prints the description left-justified, and the key-name in a \kbd | |
225 | % form near the right margin. | |
226 | \def\key#1#2{\leavevmode\hbox to \hsize{\vtop | |
227 | {\hsize=.75\hsize\rightskip=1em | |
228 | \hskip\keyindent\relax#1}\kbd{#2}\hfil}} | |
229 | ||
230 | \newbox\metaxbox | |
231 | \setbox\metaxbox\hbox{\kbd{M-x }} | |
232 | \newdimen\metaxwidth | |
233 | \metaxwidth=\wd\metaxbox | |
234 | ||
235 | % metax - definition of a M-x command. | |
236 | % \metax{description of command}{M-x command-name} | |
237 | % Tries to justify the beginning of the command name at the same place | |
238 | % as \key starts the key name. (The "M-x " sticks out to the left.) | |
239 | \def\metax#1#2{\leavevmode\hbox to \hsize{\hbox to .75\hsize | |
240 | {\hskip\keyindent\relax#1\hfil}% | |
241 | \hskip -\metaxwidth minus 1fil | |
242 | \kbd{#2}\hfil}} | |
243 | ||
244 | % threecol - like "key" but with two key names. | |
245 | % for example, one for doing the action backward, and one for forward. | |
246 | \def\threecol#1#2#3{\hskip\keyindent\relax#1\hfil&\kbd{#2}\hfil\quad | |
247 | &\kbd{#3}\hfil\quad\cr} | |
248 | ||
249 | %**end of header | |
250 | \f | |
251 | ||
252 | \title{GNU Emacs Reference Card} | |
253 | ||
254 | \centerline{(for version 20)} | |
255 | ||
256 | \section{Starting Emacs} | |
257 | ||
258 | To enter GNU Emacs 20, just type its name: \kbd{emacs} | |
259 | ||
260 | To read in a file to edit, see Files, below. | |
261 | ||
262 | \section{Leaving Emacs} | |
263 | ||
264 | \key{suspend Emacs (or iconify it under X)}{C-z} | |
265 | \key{exit Emacs permanently}{C-x C-c} | |
266 | ||
267 | \section{Files} | |
268 | ||
269 | \key{{\bf read} a file into Emacs}{C-x C-f} | |
270 | \key{{\bf save} a file back to disk}{C-x C-s} | |
271 | \key{save {\bf all} files}{C-x s} | |
272 | \key{{\bf insert} contents of another file into this buffer}{C-x i} | |
273 | \key{replace this file with the file you really want}{C-x C-v} | |
274 | \key{write buffer to a specified file}{C-x C-w} | |
275 | \key{version control checkin/checkout}{C-x C-q} | |
276 | ||
277 | \section{Getting Help} | |
278 | ||
279 | The help system is simple. Type \kbd{C-h} (or \kbd{F1}) and follow | |
280 | the directions. If you are a first-time user, type \kbd{C-h t} for a | |
281 | {\bf tutorial}. | |
282 | ||
283 | \key{remove help window}{C-x 1} | |
284 | \key{scroll help window}{C-M-v} | |
285 | ||
286 | \key{apropos: show commands matching a string}{C-h a} | |
287 | \key{show the function a key runs}{C-h c} | |
288 | \key{describe a function}{C-h f} | |
289 | \key{get mode-specific information}{C-h m} | |
290 | ||
291 | \section{Error Recovery} | |
292 | ||
293 | \key{{\bf abort} partially typed or executing command}{C-g} | |
294 | \metax{{\bf recover} a file lost by a system crash}{M-x recover-file} | |
295 | \key{{\bf undo} an unwanted change}{C-x u {\rm or} C-_} | |
296 | \metax{restore a buffer to its original contents}{M-x revert-buffer} | |
297 | \key{redraw garbaged screen}{C-l} | |
298 | ||
299 | \section{Incremental Search} | |
300 | ||
301 | \key{search forward}{C-s} | |
302 | \key{search backward}{C-r} | |
303 | \key{regular expression search}{C-M-s} | |
304 | \key{reverse regular expression search}{C-M-r} | |
305 | ||
306 | \key{select previous search string}{M-p} | |
307 | \key{select next later search string}{M-n} | |
308 | \key{exit incremental search}{RET} | |
309 | \key{undo effect of last character}{DEL} | |
310 | \key{abort current search}{C-g} | |
311 | ||
312 | Use \kbd{C-s} or \kbd{C-r} again to repeat the search in either direction. | |
313 | If Emacs is still searching, \kbd{C-g} cancels only the part not done. | |
314 | ||
315 | \shortcopyrightnotice | |
316 | ||
317 | \section{Motion} | |
318 | ||
319 | \paralign to \hsize{#\tabskip=10pt plus 1 fil&#\tabskip=0pt&#\cr | |
320 | \threecol{{\bf entity to move over}}{{\bf backward}}{{\bf forward}} | |
321 | \threecol{character}{C-b}{C-f} | |
322 | \threecol{word}{M-b}{M-f} | |
323 | \threecol{line}{C-p}{C-n} | |
324 | \threecol{go to line beginning (or end)}{C-a}{C-e} | |
325 | \threecol{sentence}{M-a}{M-e} | |
326 | \threecol{paragraph}{M-\{}{M-\}} | |
327 | \threecol{page}{C-x [}{C-x ]} | |
328 | \threecol{sexp}{C-M-b}{C-M-f} | |
329 | \threecol{function}{C-M-a}{C-M-e} | |
330 | \threecol{go to buffer beginning (or end)}{M-<}{M->} | |
331 | } | |
332 | ||
333 | \key{scroll to next screen}{C-v} | |
334 | \key{scroll to previous screen}{M-v} | |
335 | \key{scroll left}{C-x <} | |
336 | \key{scroll right}{C-x >} | |
337 | \key{scroll current line to center of screen}{C-u C-l} | |
338 | ||
339 | \section{Killing and Deleting} | |
340 | ||
341 | \paralign to \hsize{#\tabskip=10pt plus 1 fil&#\tabskip=0pt&#\cr | |
342 | \threecol{{\bf entity to kill}}{{\bf backward}}{{\bf forward}} | |
343 | \threecol{character (delete, not kill)}{DEL}{C-d} | |
344 | \threecol{word}{M-DEL}{M-d} | |
345 | \threecol{line (to end of)}{M-0 C-k}{C-k} | |
346 | \threecol{sentence}{C-x DEL}{M-k} | |
347 | \threecol{sexp}{M-- C-M-k}{C-M-k} | |
348 | } | |
349 | ||
350 | \key{kill {\bf region}}{C-w} | |
351 | \key{copy region to kill ring}{M-w} | |
352 | \key{kill through next occurrence of {\it char}}{M-z {\it char}} | |
353 | ||
354 | \key{yank back last thing killed}{C-y} | |
355 | \key{replace last yank with previous kill}{M-y} | |
356 | ||
357 | \section{Marking} | |
358 | ||
359 | \key{set mark here}{C-@ {\rm or} C-SPC} | |
360 | \key{exchange point and mark}{C-x C-x} | |
361 | ||
362 | \key{set mark {\it arg\/} {\bf words} away}{M-@} | |
363 | \key{mark {\bf paragraph}}{M-h} | |
364 | \key{mark {\bf page}}{C-x C-p} | |
365 | \key{mark {\bf sexp}}{C-M-@} | |
366 | \key{mark {\bf function}}{C-M-h} | |
367 | \key{mark entire {\bf buffer}}{C-x h} | |
368 | ||
369 | \section{Query Replace} | |
370 | ||
371 | \key{interactively replace a text string}{M-\%} | |
372 | \metax{using regular expressions}{M-x query-replace-regexp} | |
373 | ||
374 | Valid responses in query-replace mode are | |
375 | ||
376 | \key{{\bf replace} this one, go on to next}{SPC} | |
377 | \key{replace this one, don't move}{,} | |
378 | \key{{\bf skip} to next without replacing}{DEL} | |
379 | \key{replace all remaining matches}{!} | |
380 | \key{{\bf back up} to the previous match}{^} | |
381 | \key{{\bf exit} query-replace}{RET} | |
382 | \key{enter recursive edit (\kbd{C-M-c} to exit)}{C-r} | |
383 | ||
384 | \section{Multiple Windows} | |
385 | ||
386 | When two commands are shown, the second is for ``other frame.'' | |
387 | ||
388 | \key{delete all other windows}{C-x 1} | |
389 | ||
390 | {\setbox0=\hbox{\kbd{0}}\advance\hsize by 0\wd0 | |
391 | \paralign to \hsize{#\tabskip=10pt plus 1 fil&#\tabskip=0pt&#\cr | |
392 | \threecol{split window, above and below}{C-x 2\ \ \ \ }{C-x 5 2} | |
393 | \threecol{delete this window}{C-x 0\ \ \ \ }{C-x 5 0} | |
394 | }} | |
395 | \key{split window, side by side}{C-x 3} | |
396 | ||
397 | \key{scroll other window}{C-M-v} | |
398 | ||
399 | {\setbox0=\hbox{\kbd{0}}\advance\hsize by 2\wd0 | |
400 | \paralign to \hsize{#\tabskip=10pt plus 1 fil&#\tabskip=0pt&#\cr | |
401 | \threecol{switch cursor to another window}{C-x o}{C-x 5 o} | |
402 | ||
403 | \threecol{select buffer in other window}{C-x 4 b}{C-x 5 b} | |
404 | \threecol{display buffer in other window}{C-x 4 C-o}{C-x 5 C-o} | |
405 | \threecol{find file in other window}{C-x 4 f}{C-x 5 f} | |
406 | \threecol{find file read-only in other window}{C-x 4 r}{C-x 5 r} | |
407 | \threecol{run Dired in other window}{C-x 4 d}{C-x 5 d} | |
408 | \threecol{find tag in other window}{C-x 4 .}{C-x 5 .} | |
409 | }} | |
410 | ||
411 | \key{grow window taller}{C-x ^} | |
412 | \key{shrink window narrower}{C-x \{} | |
413 | \key{grow window wider}{C-x \}} | |
414 | ||
415 | \section{Formatting} | |
416 | ||
417 | \key{indent current {\bf line} (mode-dependent)}{TAB} | |
418 | \key{indent {\bf region} (mode-dependent)}{C-M-\\} | |
419 | \key{indent {\bf sexp} (mode-dependent)}{C-M-q} | |
420 | \key{indent region rigidly {\it arg\/} columns}{C-x TAB} | |
421 | ||
422 | \key{insert newline after point}{C-o} | |
423 | \key{move rest of line vertically down}{C-M-o} | |
424 | \key{delete blank lines around point}{C-x C-o} | |
425 | \key{join line with previous (with arg, next)}{M-^} | |
426 | \key{delete all white space around point}{M-\\} | |
427 | \key{put exactly one space at point}{M-SPC} | |
428 | ||
429 | \key{fill paragraph}{M-q} | |
430 | \key{set fill column}{C-x f} | |
431 | \key{set prefix each line starts with}{C-x .} | |
432 | ||
433 | \key{set face}{M-g} | |
434 | ||
435 | \section{Case Change} | |
436 | ||
437 | \key{uppercase word}{M-u} | |
438 | \key{lowercase word}{M-l} | |
439 | \key{capitalize word}{M-c} | |
440 | ||
441 | \key{uppercase region}{C-x C-u} | |
442 | \key{lowercase region}{C-x C-l} | |
443 | ||
444 | \section{The Minibuffer} | |
445 | ||
446 | The following keys are defined in the minibuffer. | |
447 | ||
448 | \key{complete as much as possible}{TAB} | |
449 | \key{complete up to one word}{SPC} | |
450 | \key{complete and execute}{RET} | |
451 | \key{show possible completions}{?} | |
452 | \key{fetch previous minibuffer input}{M-p} | |
453 | \key{fetch later minibuffer input or default}{M-n} | |
454 | \key{regexp search backward through history}{M-r} | |
455 | \key{regexp search forward through history}{M-s} | |
456 | \key{abort command}{C-g} | |
457 | ||
458 | Type \kbd{C-x ESC ESC} to edit and repeat the last command that used the | |
459 | minibuffer. Type \kbd{F10} to activate the menu bar using the minibuffer. | |
460 | ||
461 | \newcolumn | |
462 | \title{GNU Emacs Reference Card} | |
463 | ||
464 | \section{Buffers} | |
465 | ||
466 | \key{select another buffer}{C-x b} | |
467 | \key{list all buffers}{C-x C-b} | |
468 | \key{kill a buffer}{C-x k} | |
469 | ||
470 | \section{Transposing} | |
471 | ||
472 | \key{transpose {\bf characters}}{C-t} | |
473 | \key{transpose {\bf words}}{M-t} | |
474 | \key{transpose {\bf lines}}{C-x C-t} | |
475 | \key{transpose {\bf sexps}}{C-M-t} | |
476 | ||
477 | \section{Spelling Check} | |
478 | ||
479 | \key{check spelling of current word}{M-\$} | |
480 | \metax{check spelling of all words in region}{M-x ispell-region} | |
481 | \metax{check spelling of entire buffer}{M-x ispell-buffer} | |
482 | ||
483 | \section{Tags} | |
484 | ||
485 | \key{find a tag (a definition)}{M-.} | |
486 | \key{find next occurrence of tag}{C-u M-.} | |
487 | \metax{specify a new tags file}{M-x visit-tags-table} | |
488 | ||
489 | \metax{regexp search on all files in tags table}{M-x tags-search} | |
490 | \metax{run query-replace on all the files}{M-x tags-query-replace} | |
491 | \key{continue last tags search or query-replace}{M-,} | |
492 | ||
493 | \section{Shells} | |
494 | ||
495 | \key{execute a shell command}{M-!} | |
496 | \key{run a shell command on the region}{M-|} | |
497 | \key{filter region through a shell command}{C-u M-|} | |
498 | \key{start a shell in window \kbd{*shell*}}{M-x shell} | |
499 | ||
500 | \section{Rectangles} | |
501 | ||
502 | \key{copy rectangle to register}{C-x r r} | |
503 | \key{kill rectangle}{C-x r k} | |
504 | \key{yank rectangle}{C-x r y} | |
505 | \key{open rectangle, shifting text right}{C-x r o} | |
506 | \key{blank out rectangle}{C-x r c} | |
507 | \key{prefix each line with a string}{C-x r t} | |
508 | ||
509 | \section{Abbrevs} | |
510 | ||
511 | \key{add global abbrev}{C-x a g} | |
512 | \key{add mode-local abbrev}{C-x a l} | |
513 | \key{add global expansion for this abbrev}{C-x a i g} | |
514 | \key{add mode-local expansion for this abbrev}{C-x a i l} | |
515 | \key{explicitly expand abbrev}{C-x a e} | |
516 | ||
517 | \key{expand previous word dynamically}{M-/} | |
518 | ||
519 | \section{Regular Expressions} | |
520 | ||
521 | \key{any single character except a newline}{. {\rm(dot)}} | |
522 | \key{zero or more repeats}{*} | |
523 | \key{one or more repeats}{+} | |
524 | \key{zero or one repeat}{?} | |
525 | \key{quote regular expression special character {\it c\/}}{\\{\it c}} | |
526 | \key{alternative (``or'')}{\\|} | |
527 | \key{grouping}{\\( {\rm$\ldots$} \\)} | |
528 | \key{same text as {\it n\/}th group}{\\{\it n}} | |
529 | \key{at word break}{\\b} | |
530 | \key{not at word break}{\\B} | |
531 | ||
532 | \paralign to \hsize{#\tabskip=10pt plus 1 fil&#\tabskip=0pt&#\cr | |
533 | \threecol{{\bf entity}}{{\bf match start}}{{\bf match end}} | |
534 | \threecol{line}{^}{\$} | |
535 | \threecol{word}{\\<}{\\>} | |
536 | \threecol{buffer}{\\`}{\\'} | |
537 | ||
538 | \threecol{{\bf class of characters}}{{\bf match these}}{{\bf match others}} | |
539 | \threecol{explicit set}{[ {\rm$\ldots$} ]}{[^ {\rm$\ldots$} ]} | |
540 | \threecol{word-syntax character}{\\w}{\\W} | |
541 | \threecol{character with syntax {\it c}}{\\s{\it c}}{\\S{\it c}} | |
542 | } | |
543 | ||
544 | \section{International Character Sets} | |
545 | ||
546 | \metax{specify principal language}{M-x set-language-environment} | |
547 | \metax{show all input methods}{M-x list-input-methods} | |
548 | \key{enable or disable input method}{C-\\} | |
549 | \key{set coding system for next command}{C-x RET c} | |
550 | \metax{show all coding systems}{M-x list-coding-systems} | |
551 | \metax{choose preferred coding system}{M-x prefer-coding-system} | |
552 | ||
553 | \section{Info} | |
554 | ||
555 | \key{enter the Info documentation reader}{C-h i} | |
556 | \key{find specified function or variable in Info}{C-h C-i} | |
557 | \beginindentedkeys | |
558 | ||
559 | Moving within a node: | |
560 | ||
561 | \key{scroll forward}{SPC} | |
562 | \key{scroll reverse}{DEL} | |
563 | \key{beginning of node}{. {\rm (dot)}} | |
564 | ||
565 | Moving between nodes: | |
566 | ||
567 | \key{{\bf next} node}{n} | |
568 | \key{{\bf previous} node}{p} | |
569 | \key{move {\bf up}}{u} | |
570 | \key{select menu item by name}{m} | |
571 | \key{select {\it n\/}th menu item by number (1--9)}{{\it n}} | |
572 | \key{follow cross reference (return with \kbd{l})}{f} | |
573 | \key{return to last node you saw}{l} | |
574 | \key{return to directory node}{d} | |
575 | \key{go to any node by name}{g} | |
576 | ||
577 | Other: | |
578 | ||
579 | \key{run Info {\bf tutorial}}{h} | |
580 | \key{{\bf quit} Info}{q} | |
581 | \key{search nodes for regexp}{M-s} | |
582 | ||
583 | \endindentedkeys | |
584 | ||
585 | \section{Registers} | |
586 | ||
587 | \key{save region in register}{C-x r s} | |
588 | \key{insert register contents into buffer}{C-x r i} | |
589 | ||
590 | \key{save value of point in register}{C-x r SPC} | |
591 | \key{jump to point saved in register}{C-x r j} | |
592 | ||
593 | \section{Keyboard Macros} | |
594 | ||
595 | \key{{\bf start} defining a keyboard macro}{C-x (} | |
596 | \key{{\bf end} keyboard macro definition}{C-x )} | |
597 | \key{{\bf execute} last-defined keyboard macro}{C-x e} | |
598 | \key{append to last keyboard macro}{C-u C-x (} | |
599 | \metax{name last keyboard macro}{M-x name-last-kbd-macro} | |
600 | \metax{insert Lisp definition in buffer}{M-x insert-kbd-macro} | |
601 | ||
602 | \section{Commands Dealing with Emacs Lisp} | |
603 | ||
604 | \key{eval {\bf sexp} before point}{C-x C-e} | |
605 | \key{eval current {\bf defun}}{C-M-x} | |
606 | \metax{eval {\bf region}}{M-x eval-region} | |
607 | \key{read and eval minibuffer}{M-:} | |
608 | \metax{load from standard system directory}{M-x load-library} | |
609 | ||
610 | \section{Simple Customization} | |
611 | ||
612 | \metax{customize variables and faces}{M-x customize} | |
613 | ||
614 | % The intended audience here is the person who wants to make simple | |
615 | % customizations and knows Lisp syntax. | |
616 | ||
617 | Making global key bindings in Emacs Lisp (examples): | |
618 | ||
619 | \beginexample% | |
620 | (global-set-key "\\C-cg" 'goto-line) | |
621 | (global-set-key "\\M-\#" 'query-replace-regexp) | |
622 | \endexample | |
623 | ||
624 | \section{Writing Commands} | |
625 | ||
626 | \beginexample% | |
627 | (defun \<command-name> (\<args>) | |
628 | "\<documentation>" (interactive "\<template>") | |
629 | \<body>) | |
630 | \endexample | |
631 | ||
632 | An example: | |
633 | ||
634 | \beginexample% | |
635 | (defun this-line-to-top-of-window (line) | |
636 | "Reposition line point is on to top of window. | |
637 | With ARG, put point on line ARG." | |
638 | (interactive "P") | |
639 | (recenter (if (null line) | |
640 | 0 | |
641 | (prefix-numeric-value line)))) | |
642 | \endexample | |
643 | ||
644 | The \kbd{interactive} spec says how to read arguments interactively. | |
645 | Type \kbd{C-h f interactive} for more details. | |
646 | ||
647 | \copyrightnotice | |
648 | ||
649 | \bye | |
650 | \f | |
651 | % Local variables: | |
652 | % compile-command: "tex refcard" | |
653 | % End: |