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1 | @c -*-texinfo-*- |
2 | @c This is part of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual. | |
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3 | @c Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1998, 1999 |
4 | @c Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
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5 | @c See the file elisp.texi for copying conditions. |
6 | @setfilename ../info/syntax | |
7 | @node Syntax Tables, Abbrevs, Searching and Matching, Top | |
8 | @chapter Syntax Tables | |
9 | @cindex parsing | |
10 | @cindex syntax table | |
11 | @cindex text parsing | |
12 | ||
13 | A @dfn{syntax table} specifies the syntactic textual function of each | |
a9f0a989 | 14 | character. This information is used by the @dfn{parsing functions}, the |
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15 | complex movement commands, and others to determine where words, symbols, |
16 | and other syntactic constructs begin and end. The current syntax table | |
17 | controls the meaning of the word motion functions (@pxref{Word Motion}) | |
f9f59935 | 18 | and the list motion functions (@pxref{List Motion}), as well as the |
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19 | functions in this chapter. |
20 | ||
21 | @menu | |
22 | * Basics: Syntax Basics. Basic concepts of syntax tables. | |
23 | * Desc: Syntax Descriptors. How characters are classified. | |
24 | * Syntax Table Functions:: How to create, examine and alter syntax tables. | |
f9f59935 | 25 | * Syntax Properties:: Overriding syntax with text properties. |
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26 | * Motion and Syntax:: Moving over characters with certain syntaxes. |
27 | * Parsing Expressions:: Parsing balanced expressions | |
28 | using the syntax table. | |
29 | * Standard Syntax Tables:: Syntax tables used by various major modes. | |
30 | * Syntax Table Internals:: How syntax table information is stored. | |
f9f59935 | 31 | * Categories:: Another way of classifying character syntax. |
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32 | @end menu |
33 | ||
34 | @node Syntax Basics | |
35 | @section Syntax Table Concepts | |
36 | ||
37680279 | 37 | @ifnottex |
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38 | A @dfn{syntax table} provides Emacs with the information that |
39 | determines the syntactic use of each character in a buffer. This | |
40 | information is used by the parsing commands, the complex movement | |
41 | commands, and others to determine where words, symbols, and other | |
42 | syntactic constructs begin and end. The current syntax table controls | |
43 | the meaning of the word motion functions (@pxref{Word Motion}) and the | |
44 | list motion functions (@pxref{List Motion}) as well as the functions in | |
45 | this chapter. | |
37680279 | 46 | @end ifnottex |
7015aca4 | 47 | |
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48 | A syntax table is a char-table (@pxref{Char-Tables}). The element at |
49 | index @var{c} describes the character with code @var{c}. The element's | |
50 | value should be a list that encodes the syntax of the character in | |
51 | question. | |
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52 | |
53 | Syntax tables are used only for moving across text, not for the Emacs | |
54 | Lisp reader. Emacs Lisp uses built-in syntactic rules when reading Lisp | |
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55 | expressions, and these rules cannot be changed. (Some Lisp systems |
56 | provide ways to redefine the read syntax, but we decided to leave this | |
57 | feature out of Emacs Lisp for simplicity.) | |
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58 | |
59 | Each buffer has its own major mode, and each major mode has its own | |
60 | idea of the syntactic class of various characters. For example, in Lisp | |
61 | mode, the character @samp{;} begins a comment, but in C mode, it | |
62 | terminates a statement. To support these variations, Emacs makes the | |
63 | choice of syntax table local to each buffer. Typically, each major | |
64 | mode has its own syntax table and installs that table in each buffer | |
7fd1911a | 65 | that uses that mode. Changing this table alters the syntax in all |
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66 | those buffers as well as in any buffers subsequently put in that mode. |
67 | Occasionally several similar modes share one syntax table. | |
68 | @xref{Example Major Modes}, for an example of how to set up a syntax | |
69 | table. | |
70 | ||
71 | A syntax table can inherit the data for some characters from the | |
72 | standard syntax table, while specifying other characters itself. The | |
73 | ``inherit'' syntax class means ``inherit this character's syntax from | |
f9f59935 | 74 | the standard syntax table.'' Just changing the standard syntax for a |
8241495d | 75 | character affects all syntax tables that inherit from it. |
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76 | |
77 | @defun syntax-table-p object | |
f9f59935 | 78 | This function returns @code{t} if @var{object} is a syntax table. |
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79 | @end defun |
80 | ||
81 | @node Syntax Descriptors | |
82 | @section Syntax Descriptors | |
83 | @cindex syntax classes | |
84 | ||
85 | This section describes the syntax classes and flags that denote the | |
86 | syntax of a character, and how they are represented as a @dfn{syntax | |
87 | descriptor}, which is a Lisp string that you pass to | |
969fe9b5 | 88 | @code{modify-syntax-entry} to specify the syntax you want. |
7015aca4 | 89 | |
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90 | The syntax table specifies a syntax class for each character. There |
91 | is no necessary relationship between the class of a character in one | |
92 | syntax table and its class in any other table. | |
7015aca4 | 93 | |
7fd1911a | 94 | Each class is designated by a mnemonic character, which serves as the |
7015aca4 | 95 | name of the class when you need to specify a class. Usually the |
8241495d | 96 | designator character is one that is often assigned that class; however, |
7fd1911a | 97 | its meaning as a designator is unvarying and independent of what syntax |
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98 | that character currently has. Thus, @samp{\} as a designator character |
99 | always gives ``escape character'' syntax, regardless of what syntax | |
100 | @samp{\} currently has. | |
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101 | |
102 | @cindex syntax descriptor | |
7fd1911a | 103 | A syntax descriptor is a Lisp string that specifies a syntax class, a |
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104 | matching character (used only for the parenthesis classes) and flags. |
105 | The first character is the designator for a syntax class. The second | |
106 | character is the character to match; if it is unused, put a space there. | |
107 | Then come the characters for any desired flags. If no matching | |
108 | character or flags are needed, one character is sufficient. | |
109 | ||
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110 | For example, the syntax descriptor for the character @samp{*} in C |
111 | mode is @samp{@w{. 23}} (i.e., punctuation, matching character slot | |
8241495d | 112 | unused, second character of a comment-starter, first character of a |
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113 | comment-ender), and the entry for @samp{/} is @samp{@w{. 14}} (i.e., |
114 | punctuation, matching character slot unused, first character of a | |
115 | comment-starter, second character of a comment-ender). | |
116 | ||
117 | @menu | |
118 | * Syntax Class Table:: Table of syntax classes. | |
119 | * Syntax Flags:: Additional flags each character can have. | |
120 | @end menu | |
121 | ||
122 | @node Syntax Class Table | |
123 | @subsection Table of Syntax Classes | |
124 | ||
7fd1911a | 125 | Here is a table of syntax classes, the characters that stand for them, |
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126 | their meanings, and examples of their use. |
127 | ||
128 | @deffn {Syntax class} @w{whitespace character} | |
f9f59935 | 129 | @dfn{Whitespace characters} (designated by @w{@samp{@ }} or @samp{-}) |
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130 | separate symbols and words from each other. Typically, whitespace |
131 | characters have no other syntactic significance, and multiple whitespace | |
132 | characters are syntactically equivalent to a single one. Space, tab, | |
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133 | newline and formfeed are classified as whitespace in almost all major |
134 | modes. | |
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135 | @end deffn |
136 | ||
137 | @deffn {Syntax class} @w{word constituent} | |
f9f59935 | 138 | @dfn{Word constituents} (designated by @samp{w}) are parts of normal |
7015aca4 | 139 | English words and are typically used in variable and command names in |
7fd1911a | 140 | programs. All upper- and lower-case letters, and the digits, are typically |
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141 | word constituents. |
142 | @end deffn | |
143 | ||
144 | @deffn {Syntax class} @w{symbol constituent} | |
f9f59935 | 145 | @dfn{Symbol constituents} (designated by @samp{_}) are the extra |
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146 | characters that are used in variable and command names along with word |
147 | constituents. For example, the symbol constituents class is used in | |
148 | Lisp mode to indicate that certain characters may be part of symbol | |
149 | names even though they are not part of English words. These characters | |
150 | are @samp{$&*+-_<>}. In standard C, the only non-word-constituent | |
151 | character that is valid in symbols is underscore (@samp{_}). | |
152 | @end deffn | |
153 | ||
154 | @deffn {Syntax class} @w{punctuation character} | |
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155 | @dfn{Punctuation characters} (designated by @samp{.}) are those |
156 | characters that are used as punctuation in English, or are used in some | |
157 | way in a programming language to separate symbols from one another. | |
158 | Most programming language modes, including Emacs Lisp mode, have no | |
159 | characters in this class since the few characters that are not symbol or | |
160 | word constituents all have other uses. | |
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161 | @end deffn |
162 | ||
163 | @deffn {Syntax class} @w{open parenthesis character} | |
164 | @deffnx {Syntax class} @w{close parenthesis character} | |
165 | @cindex parenthesis syntax | |
166 | Open and close @dfn{parenthesis characters} are characters used in | |
167 | dissimilar pairs to surround sentences or expressions. Such a grouping | |
168 | is begun with an open parenthesis character and terminated with a close. | |
169 | Each open parenthesis character matches a particular close parenthesis | |
170 | character, and vice versa. Normally, Emacs indicates momentarily the | |
171 | matching open parenthesis when you insert a close parenthesis. | |
172 | @xref{Blinking}. | |
173 | ||
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174 | The class of open parentheses is designated by @samp{(}, and that of |
175 | close parentheses by @samp{)}. | |
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176 | |
177 | In English text, and in C code, the parenthesis pairs are @samp{()}, | |
178 | @samp{[]}, and @samp{@{@}}. In Emacs Lisp, the delimiters for lists and | |
179 | vectors (@samp{()} and @samp{[]}) are classified as parenthesis | |
180 | characters. | |
181 | @end deffn | |
182 | ||
183 | @deffn {Syntax class} @w{string quote} | |
f9f59935 | 184 | @dfn{String quote characters} (designated by @samp{"}) are used in |
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185 | many languages, including Lisp and C, to delimit string constants. The |
186 | same string quote character appears at the beginning and the end of a | |
187 | string. Such quoted strings do not nest. | |
188 | ||
189 | The parsing facilities of Emacs consider a string as a single token. | |
190 | The usual syntactic meanings of the characters in the string are | |
191 | suppressed. | |
192 | ||
193 | The Lisp modes have two string quote characters: double-quote (@samp{"}) | |
194 | and vertical bar (@samp{|}). @samp{|} is not used in Emacs Lisp, but it | |
195 | is used in Common Lisp. C also has two string quote characters: | |
196 | double-quote for strings, and single-quote (@samp{'}) for character | |
197 | constants. | |
198 | ||
199 | English text has no string quote characters because English is not a | |
200 | programming language. Although quotation marks are used in English, | |
201 | we do not want them to turn off the usual syntactic properties of | |
202 | other characters in the quotation. | |
203 | @end deffn | |
204 | ||
205 | @deffn {Syntax class} @w{escape} | |
f9f59935 | 206 | An @dfn{escape character} (designated by @samp{\}) starts an escape |
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207 | sequence such as is used in C string and character constants. The |
208 | character @samp{\} belongs to this class in both C and Lisp. (In C, it | |
209 | is used thus only inside strings, but it turns out to cause no trouble | |
210 | to treat it this way throughout C code.) | |
211 | ||
212 | Characters in this class count as part of words if | |
213 | @code{words-include-escapes} is non-@code{nil}. @xref{Word Motion}. | |
214 | @end deffn | |
215 | ||
216 | @deffn {Syntax class} @w{character quote} | |
f9f59935 | 217 | A @dfn{character quote character} (designated by @samp{/}) quotes the |
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218 | following character so that it loses its normal syntactic meaning. This |
219 | differs from an escape character in that only the character immediately | |
220 | following is ever affected. | |
221 | ||
222 | Characters in this class count as part of words if | |
223 | @code{words-include-escapes} is non-@code{nil}. @xref{Word Motion}. | |
224 | ||
e30ab160 | 225 | This class is used for backslash in @TeX{} mode. |
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226 | @end deffn |
227 | ||
228 | @deffn {Syntax class} @w{paired delimiter} | |
f9f59935 | 229 | @dfn{Paired delimiter characters} (designated by @samp{$}) are like |
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230 | string quote characters except that the syntactic properties of the |
231 | characters between the delimiters are not suppressed. Only @TeX{} mode | |
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232 | uses a paired delimiter presently---the @samp{$} that both enters and |
233 | leaves math mode. | |
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234 | @end deffn |
235 | ||
236 | @deffn {Syntax class} @w{expression prefix} | |
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237 | An @dfn{expression prefix operator} (designated by @samp{'}) is used for |
238 | syntactic operators that are considered as part of an expression if they | |
239 | appear next to one. In Lisp modes, these characters include the | |
240 | apostrophe, @samp{'} (used for quoting), the comma, @samp{,} (used in | |
241 | macros), and @samp{#} (used in the read syntax for certain data types). | |
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242 | @end deffn |
243 | ||
244 | @deffn {Syntax class} @w{comment starter} | |
245 | @deffnx {Syntax class} @w{comment ender} | |
246 | @cindex comment syntax | |
247 | The @dfn{comment starter} and @dfn{comment ender} characters are used in | |
248 | various languages to delimit comments. These classes are designated | |
f9f59935 | 249 | by @samp{<} and @samp{>}, respectively. |
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250 | |
251 | English text has no comment characters. In Lisp, the semicolon | |
252 | (@samp{;}) starts a comment and a newline or formfeed ends one. | |
253 | @end deffn | |
254 | ||
255 | @deffn {Syntax class} @w{inherit} | |
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256 | This syntax class does not specify a particular syntax. It says to look |
257 | in the standard syntax table to find the syntax of this character. The | |
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258 | designator for this syntax code is @samp{@@}. |
259 | @end deffn | |
260 | ||
f9f59935 | 261 | @deffn {Syntax class} @w{generic comment delimiter} |
d1f08d85 SM |
262 | A @dfn{generic comment delimiter} (designated by @samp{!}) starts |
263 | or ends a special kind of comment. @emph{Any} generic comment delimiter | |
264 | matches @emph{any} generic comment delimiter, but they cannot match | |
265 | a comment starter or comment ender; generic comment delimiters can only | |
266 | match each other. | |
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267 | |
268 | This syntax class is primarily meant for use with the | |
269 | @code{syntax-table} text property (@pxref{Syntax Properties}). You can | |
270 | mark any range of characters as forming a comment, by giving the first | |
271 | and last characters of the range @code{syntax-table} properties | |
272 | identifying them as generic comment delimiters. | |
273 | @end deffn | |
274 | ||
275 | @deffn {Syntax class} @w{generic string delimiter} | |
d1f08d85 SM |
276 | A @dfn{generic string delimiter} (designated by @samp{|}) starts or ends |
277 | a string. This class differs from the string quote class in that @emph{any} | |
278 | generic string delimiter can match any other generic string delimiter; but | |
279 | they do not match ordinary string quote characters. | |
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280 | |
281 | This syntax class is primarily meant for use with the | |
282 | @code{syntax-table} text property (@pxref{Syntax Properties}). You can | |
283 | mark any range of characters as forming a string constant, by giving the | |
284 | first and last characters of the range @code{syntax-table} properties | |
285 | identifying them as generic string delimiters. | |
286 | @end deffn | |
287 | ||
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288 | @node Syntax Flags |
289 | @subsection Syntax Flags | |
290 | @cindex syntax flags | |
291 | ||
292 | In addition to the classes, entries for characters in a syntax table | |
79ddc9c9 GM |
293 | can specify flags. There are seven possible flags, represented by the |
294 | characters @samp{1}, @samp{2}, @samp{3}, @samp{4}, @samp{b}, @samp{n}, | |
295 | and @samp{p}. | |
296 | ||
297 | All the flags except @samp{n} and @samp{p} are used to describe | |
298 | multi-character comment delimiters. The digit flags indicate that a | |
299 | character can @emph{also} be part of a comment sequence, in addition to | |
300 | the syntactic properties associated with its character class. The flags | |
301 | are independent of the class and each other for the sake of characters | |
302 | such as @samp{*} in C mode, which is a punctuation character, @emph{and} | |
303 | the second character of a start-of-comment sequence (@samp{/*}), | |
304 | @emph{and} the first character of an end-of-comment sequence | |
305 | (@samp{*/}). | |
7015aca4 | 306 | |
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307 | Here is a table of the possible flags for a character @var{c}, |
308 | and what they mean: | |
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309 | |
310 | @itemize @bullet | |
311 | @item | |
7fd1911a | 312 | @samp{1} means @var{c} is the start of a two-character comment-start |
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313 | sequence. |
314 | ||
315 | @item | |
316 | @samp{2} means @var{c} is the second character of such a sequence. | |
317 | ||
318 | @item | |
7fd1911a | 319 | @samp{3} means @var{c} is the start of a two-character comment-end |
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320 | sequence. |
321 | ||
322 | @item | |
323 | @samp{4} means @var{c} is the second character of such a sequence. | |
324 | ||
325 | @item | |
326 | @c Emacs 19 feature | |
327 | @samp{b} means that @var{c} as a comment delimiter belongs to the | |
328 | alternative ``b'' comment style. | |
329 | ||
330 | Emacs supports two comment styles simultaneously in any one syntax | |
331 | table. This is for the sake of C++. Each style of comment syntax has | |
332 | its own comment-start sequence and its own comment-end sequence. Each | |
333 | comment must stick to one style or the other; thus, if it starts with | |
334 | the comment-start sequence of style ``b'', it must also end with the | |
335 | comment-end sequence of style ``b''. | |
336 | ||
337 | The two comment-start sequences must begin with the same character; only | |
338 | the second character may differ. Mark the second character of the | |
7fd1911a | 339 | ``b''-style comment-start sequence with the @samp{b} flag. |
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340 | |
341 | A comment-end sequence (one or two characters) applies to the ``b'' | |
342 | style if its first character has the @samp{b} flag set; otherwise, it | |
343 | applies to the ``a'' style. | |
344 | ||
345 | The appropriate comment syntax settings for C++ are as follows: | |
346 | ||
347 | @table @asis | |
348 | @item @samp{/} | |
349 | @samp{124b} | |
350 | @item @samp{*} | |
351 | @samp{23} | |
352 | @item newline | |
353 | @samp{>b} | |
354 | @end table | |
355 | ||
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356 | This defines four comment-delimiting sequences: |
357 | ||
358 | @table @asis | |
359 | @item @samp{/*} | |
360 | This is a comment-start sequence for ``a'' style because the | |
361 | second character, @samp{*}, does not have the @samp{b} flag. | |
362 | ||
363 | @item @samp{//} | |
364 | This is a comment-start sequence for ``b'' style because the second | |
365 | character, @samp{/}, does have the @samp{b} flag. | |
366 | ||
367 | @item @samp{*/} | |
368 | This is a comment-end sequence for ``a'' style because the first | |
1911e6e5 | 369 | character, @samp{*}, does not have the @samp{b} flag. |
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370 | |
371 | @item newline | |
372 | This is a comment-end sequence for ``b'' style, because the newline | |
373 | character has the @samp{b} flag. | |
374 | @end table | |
7015aca4 | 375 | |
79ddc9c9 GM |
376 | @item |
377 | @samp{n} on a comment delimiter character specifies | |
378 | that this kind of comment can be nested. For a two-character | |
379 | comment delimiter, @samp{n} on either character makes it | |
380 | nestable. | |
381 | ||
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382 | @item |
383 | @c Emacs 19 feature | |
384 | @samp{p} identifies an additional ``prefix character'' for Lisp syntax. | |
385 | These characters are treated as whitespace when they appear between | |
386 | expressions. When they appear within an expression, they are handled | |
387 | according to their usual syntax codes. | |
388 | ||
389 | The function @code{backward-prefix-chars} moves back over these | |
390 | characters, as well as over characters whose primary syntax class is | |
391 | prefix (@samp{'}). @xref{Motion and Syntax}. | |
392 | @end itemize | |
393 | ||
394 | @node Syntax Table Functions | |
395 | @section Syntax Table Functions | |
396 | ||
397 | In this section we describe functions for creating, accessing and | |
398 | altering syntax tables. | |
399 | ||
400 | @defun make-syntax-table | |
969fe9b5 RS |
401 | This function creates a new syntax table. It inherits the syntax for |
402 | letters and control characters from the standard syntax table. For | |
403 | other characters, the syntax is copied from the standard syntax table. | |
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404 | |
405 | Most major mode syntax tables are created in this way. | |
406 | @end defun | |
407 | ||
408 | @defun copy-syntax-table &optional table | |
409 | This function constructs a copy of @var{table} and returns it. If | |
410 | @var{table} is not supplied (or is @code{nil}), it returns a copy of the | |
411 | current syntax table. Otherwise, an error is signaled if @var{table} is | |
412 | not a syntax table. | |
413 | @end defun | |
414 | ||
415 | @deffn Command modify-syntax-entry char syntax-descriptor &optional table | |
416 | This function sets the syntax entry for @var{char} according to | |
417 | @var{syntax-descriptor}. The syntax is changed only for @var{table}, | |
418 | which defaults to the current buffer's syntax table, and not in any | |
419 | other syntax table. The argument @var{syntax-descriptor} specifies the | |
420 | desired syntax; this is a string beginning with a class designator | |
421 | character, and optionally containing a matching character and flags as | |
422 | well. @xref{Syntax Descriptors}. | |
423 | ||
424 | This function always returns @code{nil}. The old syntax information in | |
425 | the table for this character is discarded. | |
426 | ||
427 | An error is signaled if the first character of the syntax descriptor is not | |
428 | one of the twelve syntax class designator characters. An error is also | |
429 | signaled if @var{char} is not a character. | |
430 | ||
431 | @example | |
432 | @group | |
433 | @exdent @r{Examples:} | |
434 | ||
435 | ;; @r{Put the space character in class whitespace.} | |
436 | (modify-syntax-entry ?\ " ") | |
437 | @result{} nil | |
438 | @end group | |
439 | ||
440 | @group | |
441 | ;; @r{Make @samp{$} an open parenthesis character,} | |
442 | ;; @r{with @samp{^} as its matching close.} | |
443 | (modify-syntax-entry ?$ "(^") | |
444 | @result{} nil | |
445 | @end group | |
446 | ||
447 | @group | |
448 | ;; @r{Make @samp{^} a close parenthesis character,} | |
449 | ;; @r{with @samp{$} as its matching open.} | |
450 | (modify-syntax-entry ?^ ")$") | |
451 | @result{} nil | |
452 | @end group | |
453 | ||
454 | @group | |
455 | ;; @r{Make @samp{/} a punctuation character,} | |
456 | ;; @r{the first character of a start-comment sequence,} | |
457 | ;; @r{and the second character of an end-comment sequence.} | |
458 | ;; @r{This is used in C mode.} | |
7fd1911a | 459 | (modify-syntax-entry ?/ ". 14") |
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460 | @result{} nil |
461 | @end group | |
462 | @end example | |
463 | @end deffn | |
464 | ||
465 | @defun char-syntax character | |
466 | This function returns the syntax class of @var{character}, represented | |
f9f59935 | 467 | by its mnemonic designator character. This returns @emph{only} the |
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468 | class, not any matching parenthesis or flags. |
469 | ||
470 | An error is signaled if @var{char} is not a character. | |
471 | ||
472 | The following examples apply to C mode. The first example shows that | |
473 | the syntax class of space is whitespace (represented by a space). The | |
474 | second example shows that the syntax of @samp{/} is punctuation. This | |
7fd1911a RS |
475 | does not show the fact that it is also part of comment-start and -end |
476 | sequences. The third example shows that open parenthesis is in the class | |
7015aca4 RS |
477 | of open parentheses. This does not show the fact that it has a matching |
478 | character, @samp{)}. | |
479 | ||
480 | @example | |
481 | @group | |
969fe9b5 | 482 | (string (char-syntax ?\ )) |
7015aca4 RS |
483 | @result{} " " |
484 | @end group | |
485 | ||
486 | @group | |
969fe9b5 | 487 | (string (char-syntax ?/)) |
7015aca4 RS |
488 | @result{} "." |
489 | @end group | |
490 | ||
491 | @group | |
969fe9b5 | 492 | (string (char-syntax ?\()) |
7015aca4 RS |
493 | @result{} "(" |
494 | @end group | |
495 | @end example | |
969fe9b5 RS |
496 | |
497 | We use @code{string} to make it easier to see the character returned by | |
498 | @code{char-syntax}. | |
7015aca4 RS |
499 | @end defun |
500 | ||
501 | @defun set-syntax-table table | |
502 | This function makes @var{table} the syntax table for the current buffer. | |
503 | It returns @var{table}. | |
504 | @end defun | |
505 | ||
506 | @defun syntax-table | |
507 | This function returns the current syntax table, which is the table for | |
508 | the current buffer. | |
509 | @end defun | |
510 | ||
2468d0c0 DL |
511 | @defmac with-syntax-table @var{table} @var{body}... |
512 | @tindex with-syntax-table | |
513 | This macro executes @var{body} using @var{table} as the current syntax | |
514 | table. It returns the value of the last form in @var{body}, after | |
515 | restoring the old current syntax table. | |
516 | ||
517 | Since each buffer has its own current syntax table, we should make that | |
518 | more precise: @code{with-syntax-table} temporarily alters the current | |
519 | syntax table of whichever buffer is current at the time the macro | |
520 | execution starts. Other buffers are not affected. | |
521 | @end defmac | |
522 | ||
f9f59935 RS |
523 | @node Syntax Properties |
524 | @section Syntax Properties | |
525 | @kindex syntax-table @r{(text property)} | |
526 | ||
527 | When the syntax table is not flexible enough to specify the syntax of a | |
528 | language, you can use @code{syntax-table} text properties to override | |
529 | the syntax table for specific character occurrences in the buffer. | |
530 | @xref{Text Properties}. | |
531 | ||
969fe9b5 | 532 | The valid values of @code{syntax-table} text property are: |
f9f59935 RS |
533 | |
534 | @table @asis | |
535 | @item @var{syntax-table} | |
536 | If the property value is a syntax table, that table is used instead of | |
537 | the current buffer's syntax table to determine the syntax for this | |
538 | occurrence of the character. | |
539 | ||
540 | @item @code{(@var{syntax-code} . @var{matching-char})} | |
541 | A cons cell of this format specifies the syntax for this | |
d1f08d85 | 542 | occurrence of the character. (@pxref{Syntax Table Internals}) |
f9f59935 RS |
543 | |
544 | @item @code{nil} | |
545 | If the property is @code{nil}, the character's syntax is determined from | |
546 | the current syntax table in the usual way. | |
547 | @end table | |
548 | ||
f9f59935 RS |
549 | @defvar parse-sexp-lookup-properties |
550 | If this is non-@code{nil}, the syntax scanning functions pay attention | |
551 | to syntax text properties. Otherwise they use only the current syntax | |
552 | table. | |
553 | @end defvar | |
554 | ||
7015aca4 RS |
555 | @node Motion and Syntax |
556 | @section Motion and Syntax | |
557 | ||
969fe9b5 RS |
558 | This section describes functions for moving across characters that |
559 | have certain syntax classes. | |
7015aca4 RS |
560 | |
561 | @defun skip-syntax-forward syntaxes &optional limit | |
562 | This function moves point forward across characters having syntax classes | |
563 | mentioned in @var{syntaxes}. It stops when it encounters the end of | |
7fd1911a | 564 | the buffer, or position @var{limit} (if specified), or a character it is |
7015aca4 | 565 | not supposed to skip. |
8241495d RS |
566 | |
567 | If @var{syntaxes} starts with @samp{^}, then the function skips | |
568 | characters whose syntax is @emph{not} in @var{syntaxes}. | |
569 | ||
7015aca4 RS |
570 | The return value is the distance traveled, which is a nonnegative |
571 | integer. | |
7015aca4 RS |
572 | @end defun |
573 | ||
574 | @defun skip-syntax-backward syntaxes &optional limit | |
575 | This function moves point backward across characters whose syntax | |
576 | classes are mentioned in @var{syntaxes}. It stops when it encounters | |
8241495d RS |
577 | the beginning of the buffer, or position @var{limit} (if specified), or |
578 | a character it is not supposed to skip. | |
579 | ||
580 | If @var{syntaxes} starts with @samp{^}, then the function skips | |
581 | characters whose syntax is @emph{not} in @var{syntaxes}. | |
1911e6e5 | 582 | |
7015aca4 RS |
583 | The return value indicates the distance traveled. It is an integer that |
584 | is zero or less. | |
7015aca4 RS |
585 | @end defun |
586 | ||
587 | @defun backward-prefix-chars | |
588 | This function moves point backward over any number of characters with | |
589 | expression prefix syntax. This includes both characters in the | |
590 | expression prefix syntax class, and characters with the @samp{p} flag. | |
591 | @end defun | |
592 | ||
593 | @node Parsing Expressions | |
594 | @section Parsing Balanced Expressions | |
595 | ||
596 | Here are several functions for parsing and scanning balanced | |
597 | expressions, also known as @dfn{sexps}, in which parentheses match in | |
598 | pairs. The syntax table controls the interpretation of characters, so | |
599 | these functions can be used for Lisp expressions when in Lisp mode and | |
600 | for C expressions when in C mode. @xref{List Motion}, for convenient | |
601 | higher-level functions for moving over balanced expressions. | |
602 | ||
45493fb7 SM |
603 | A syntax table only describes how each character changes the state of |
604 | the parser, rather than describing the state itself. For example, a string | |
605 | delimiter character toggles the parser state between ``in-string'' and | |
606 | ``in-code'' but the characters inside the string do not have any particular | |
607 | syntax to identify them as such. | |
608 | ||
609 | For example (note: 15 is the syntax-code of generic string delimiters): | |
610 | ||
611 | @example | |
612 | (put-text-property 1 9 'syntax-table '(15 . nil)) | |
613 | @end example | |
614 | ||
615 | does not tell Emacs that the first eight chars of the current buffer | |
616 | are a string, but rather that they are all string delimiters and thus | |
617 | Emacs should treat them as four adjacent empty strings. | |
618 | ||
619 | The state of the parser is transient (i.e. not stored in the buffer for | |
620 | example). Instead, every time the parser is used, it is given not just | |
621 | a starting position but a starting state. If the starting state is not | |
622 | specified explicitly, Emacs assumes we are at the top level of parenthesis | |
623 | structure, such as the beginning of a function definition (this is the case | |
624 | for @code{forward-sexp} which blindly assumes that the starting point is in | |
625 | such a state.) | |
626 | ||
7015aca4 RS |
627 | @defun parse-partial-sexp start limit &optional target-depth stop-before state stop-comment |
628 | This function parses a sexp in the current buffer starting at | |
7fd1911a RS |
629 | @var{start}, not scanning past @var{limit}. It stops at position |
630 | @var{limit} or when certain criteria described below are met, and sets | |
631 | point to the location where parsing stops. It returns a value | |
632 | describing the status of the parse at the point where it stops. | |
7015aca4 RS |
633 | |
634 | If @var{state} is @code{nil}, @var{start} is assumed to be at the top | |
635 | level of parenthesis structure, such as the beginning of a function | |
636 | definition. Alternatively, you might wish to resume parsing in the | |
637 | middle of the structure. To do this, you must provide a @var{state} | |
638 | argument that describes the initial status of parsing. | |
639 | ||
640 | @cindex parenthesis depth | |
641 | If the third argument @var{target-depth} is non-@code{nil}, parsing | |
642 | stops if the depth in parentheses becomes equal to @var{target-depth}. | |
643 | The depth starts at 0, or at whatever is given in @var{state}. | |
644 | ||
645 | If the fourth argument @var{stop-before} is non-@code{nil}, parsing | |
646 | stops when it comes to any character that starts a sexp. If | |
647 | @var{stop-comment} is non-@code{nil}, parsing stops when it comes to the | |
f9f59935 RS |
648 | start of a comment. If @var{stop-comment} is the symbol |
649 | @code{syntax-table}, parsing stops after the start of a comment or a | |
1911e6e5 | 650 | string, or the end of a comment or a string, whichever comes first. |
7015aca4 RS |
651 | |
652 | @cindex parse state | |
f9f59935 | 653 | The fifth argument @var{state} is a nine-element list of the same form |
969fe9b5 | 654 | as the value of this function, described below. (It is OK to omit the |
f9f59935 RS |
655 | last element of the nine.) The return value of one call may be used to |
656 | initialize the state of the parse on another call to | |
657 | @code{parse-partial-sexp}. | |
7015aca4 | 658 | |
f9f59935 | 659 | The result is a list of nine elements describing the final state of |
7015aca4 RS |
660 | the parse: |
661 | ||
662 | @enumerate 0 | |
663 | @item | |
664 | The depth in parentheses, counting from 0. | |
665 | ||
666 | @item | |
667 | @cindex innermost containing parentheses | |
7fd1911a RS |
668 | The character position of the start of the innermost parenthetical |
669 | grouping containing the stopping point; @code{nil} if none. | |
7015aca4 RS |
670 | |
671 | @item | |
672 | @cindex previous complete subexpression | |
673 | The character position of the start of the last complete subexpression | |
674 | terminated; @code{nil} if none. | |
675 | ||
676 | @item | |
677 | @cindex inside string | |
678 | Non-@code{nil} if inside a string. More precisely, this is the | |
f9f59935 RS |
679 | character that will terminate the string, or @code{t} if a generic |
680 | string delimiter character should terminate it. | |
7015aca4 RS |
681 | |
682 | @item | |
683 | @cindex inside comment | |
79ddc9c9 GM |
684 | @code{t} if inside a comment (of either style), |
685 | or the comment nesting level if inside a kind of comment | |
686 | that can be nested. | |
7015aca4 RS |
687 | |
688 | @item | |
689 | @cindex quote character | |
690 | @code{t} if point is just after a quote character. | |
691 | ||
692 | @item | |
693 | The minimum parenthesis depth encountered during this scan. | |
694 | ||
695 | @item | |
f9f59935 RS |
696 | What kind of comment is active: @code{nil} for a comment of style ``a'', |
697 | @code{t} for a comment of style ``b'', and @code{syntax-table} for | |
698 | a comment that should be ended by a generic comment delimiter character. | |
699 | ||
700 | @item | |
701 | The string or comment start position. While inside a comment, this is | |
702 | the position where the comment began; while inside a string, this is the | |
703 | position where the string began. When outside of strings and comments, | |
704 | this element is @code{nil}. | |
7015aca4 RS |
705 | @end enumerate |
706 | ||
707 | Elements 0, 3, 4, 5 and 7 are significant in the argument @var{state}. | |
708 | ||
709 | @cindex indenting with parentheses | |
710 | This function is most often used to compute indentation for languages | |
711 | that have nested parentheses. | |
712 | @end defun | |
713 | ||
714 | @defun scan-lists from count depth | |
715 | This function scans forward @var{count} balanced parenthetical groupings | |
f9f59935 RS |
716 | from position @var{from}. It returns the position where the scan stops. |
717 | If @var{count} is negative, the scan moves backwards. | |
7015aca4 RS |
718 | |
719 | If @var{depth} is nonzero, parenthesis depth counting begins from that | |
720 | value. The only candidates for stopping are places where the depth in | |
721 | parentheses becomes zero; @code{scan-lists} counts @var{count} such | |
722 | places and then stops. Thus, a positive value for @var{depth} means go | |
7fd1911a | 723 | out @var{depth} levels of parenthesis. |
7015aca4 RS |
724 | |
725 | Scanning ignores comments if @code{parse-sexp-ignore-comments} is | |
726 | non-@code{nil}. | |
727 | ||
7fd1911a RS |
728 | If the scan reaches the beginning or end of the buffer (or its |
729 | accessible portion), and the depth is not zero, an error is signaled. | |
730 | If the depth is zero but the count is not used up, @code{nil} is | |
731 | returned. | |
7015aca4 RS |
732 | @end defun |
733 | ||
734 | @defun scan-sexps from count | |
f9f59935 RS |
735 | This function scans forward @var{count} sexps from position @var{from}. |
736 | It returns the position where the scan stops. If @var{count} is | |
737 | negative, the scan moves backwards. | |
7015aca4 RS |
738 | |
739 | Scanning ignores comments if @code{parse-sexp-ignore-comments} is | |
740 | non-@code{nil}. | |
741 | ||
7fd1911a | 742 | If the scan reaches the beginning or end of (the accessible part of) the |
f9f59935 RS |
743 | buffer while in the middle of a parenthetical grouping, an error is |
744 | signaled. If it reaches the beginning or end between groupings but | |
745 | before count is used up, @code{nil} is returned. | |
7015aca4 RS |
746 | @end defun |
747 | ||
3357a32f RS |
748 | @defvar multibyte-syntax-as-symbol |
749 | @tindex multibyte-syntax-as-symbol | |
750 | If this variable is non-@code{nil}, @code{scan-sexps} treats all | |
f8bdd519 | 751 | non-@sc{ascii} characters as symbol constituents regardless |
3357a32f RS |
752 | of what the syntax table says about them. (However, text properties |
753 | can still override the syntax.) | |
754 | @end defvar | |
755 | ||
7015aca4 RS |
756 | @defvar parse-sexp-ignore-comments |
757 | @cindex skipping comments | |
758 | If the value is non-@code{nil}, then comments are treated as | |
759 | whitespace by the functions in this section and by @code{forward-sexp}. | |
760 | ||
761 | In older Emacs versions, this feature worked only when the comment | |
762 | terminator is something like @samp{*/}, and appears only to end a | |
763 | comment. In languages where newlines terminate comments, it was | |
764 | necessary make this variable @code{nil}, since not every newline is the | |
765 | end of a comment. This limitation no longer exists. | |
766 | @end defvar | |
767 | ||
768 | You can use @code{forward-comment} to move forward or backward over | |
769 | one comment or several comments. | |
770 | ||
771 | @defun forward-comment count | |
47eda1bd RS |
772 | This function moves point forward across @var{count} complete comments |
773 | (that is, including the starting delimiter and the terminating | |
37778b63 RS |
774 | delimiter if any), plus any whitespace encountered on the way. It |
775 | moves backward if @var{count} is negative. If it encounters anything | |
776 | other than a comment or whitespace, it stops, leaving point at the | |
777 | place where it stopped. This includes (for instance) finding the end | |
778 | of a comment when moving forward and expecting the beginning of one. | |
779 | The function also stops immediately after moving over the specified | |
780 | number of complete comments. | |
47eda1bd RS |
781 | |
782 | This function cannot tell whether the ``comments'' it traverses are | |
783 | embedded within a string. If they look like comments, it treats them | |
784 | as comments. | |
7015aca4 RS |
785 | @end defun |
786 | ||
787 | To move forward over all comments and whitespace following point, use | |
788 | @code{(forward-comment (buffer-size))}. @code{(buffer-size)} is a good | |
7fd1911a | 789 | argument to use, because the number of comments in the buffer cannot |
7015aca4 RS |
790 | exceed that many. |
791 | ||
792 | @node Standard Syntax Tables | |
793 | @section Some Standard Syntax Tables | |
794 | ||
bfe721d1 KH |
795 | Most of the major modes in Emacs have their own syntax tables. Here |
796 | are several of them: | |
7015aca4 RS |
797 | |
798 | @defun standard-syntax-table | |
799 | This function returns the standard syntax table, which is the syntax | |
800 | table used in Fundamental mode. | |
801 | @end defun | |
802 | ||
803 | @defvar text-mode-syntax-table | |
804 | The value of this variable is the syntax table used in Text mode. | |
805 | @end defvar | |
806 | ||
807 | @defvar c-mode-syntax-table | |
808 | The value of this variable is the syntax table for C-mode buffers. | |
809 | @end defvar | |
810 | ||
811 | @defvar emacs-lisp-mode-syntax-table | |
812 | The value of this variable is the syntax table used in Emacs Lisp mode | |
813 | by editing commands. (It has no effect on the Lisp @code{read} | |
814 | function.) | |
815 | @end defvar | |
816 | ||
817 | @node Syntax Table Internals | |
818 | @section Syntax Table Internals | |
819 | @cindex syntax table internals | |
820 | ||
f9f59935 | 821 | Lisp programs don't usually work with the elements directly; the |
7015aca4 | 822 | Lisp-level syntax table functions usually work with syntax descriptors |
f9f59935 | 823 | (@pxref{Syntax Descriptors}). Nonetheless, here we document the |
d1f08d85 SM |
824 | internal format. This format is used mostly when manipulating |
825 | syntax properties. | |
f9f59935 RS |
826 | |
827 | Each element of a syntax table is a cons cell of the form | |
828 | @code{(@var{syntax-code} . @var{matching-char})}. The @sc{car}, | |
829 | @var{syntax-code}, is an integer that encodes the syntax class, and any | |
830 | flags. The @sc{cdr}, @var{matching-char}, is non-@code{nil} if | |
831 | a character to match was specified. | |
7015aca4 | 832 | |
f9f59935 RS |
833 | This table gives the value of @var{syntax-code} which corresponds |
834 | to each syntactic type. | |
7015aca4 | 835 | |
969fe9b5 | 836 | @multitable @columnfractions .05 .3 .3 .3 |
a9f0a989 RS |
837 | @item |
838 | @tab | |
969fe9b5 RS |
839 | @i{Integer} @i{Class} |
840 | @tab | |
841 | @i{Integer} @i{Class} | |
842 | @tab | |
843 | @i{Integer} @i{Class} | |
a9f0a989 RS |
844 | @item |
845 | @tab | |
969fe9b5 RS |
846 | 0 @ @ whitespace |
847 | @tab | |
848 | 5 @ @ close parenthesis | |
849 | @tab | |
850 | 10 @ @ character quote | |
a9f0a989 RS |
851 | @item |
852 | @tab | |
969fe9b5 RS |
853 | 1 @ @ punctuation |
854 | @tab | |
855 | 6 @ @ expression prefix | |
856 | @tab | |
857 | 11 @ @ comment-start | |
a9f0a989 RS |
858 | @item |
859 | @tab | |
969fe9b5 RS |
860 | 2 @ @ word |
861 | @tab | |
862 | 7 @ @ string quote | |
863 | @tab | |
864 | 12 @ @ comment-end | |
a9f0a989 RS |
865 | @item |
866 | @tab | |
969fe9b5 RS |
867 | 3 @ @ symbol |
868 | @tab | |
869 | 8 @ @ paired delimiter | |
870 | @tab | |
871 | 13 @ @ inherit | |
a9f0a989 RS |
872 | @item |
873 | @tab | |
969fe9b5 RS |
874 | 4 @ @ open parenthesis |
875 | @tab | |
876 | 9 @ @ escape | |
877 | @tab | |
85c7ceaa | 878 | 14 @ @ generic comment |
a9f0a989 RS |
879 | @item |
880 | @tab | |
85c7ceaa | 881 | 15 @ generic string |
969fe9b5 | 882 | @end multitable |
7015aca4 | 883 | |
f9f59935 RS |
884 | For example, the usual syntax value for @samp{(} is @code{(4 . 41)}. |
885 | (41 is the character code for @samp{)}.) | |
886 | ||
887 | The flags are encoded in higher order bits, starting 16 bits from the | |
888 | least significant bit. This table gives the power of two which | |
889 | corresponds to each syntax flag. | |
890 | ||
969fe9b5 | 891 | @multitable @columnfractions .05 .3 .3 .3 |
a9f0a989 RS |
892 | @item |
893 | @tab | |
969fe9b5 RS |
894 | @i{Prefix} @i{Flag} |
895 | @tab | |
896 | @i{Prefix} @i{Flag} | |
897 | @tab | |
898 | @i{Prefix} @i{Flag} | |
a9f0a989 RS |
899 | @item |
900 | @tab | |
969fe9b5 RS |
901 | @samp{1} @ @ @code{(lsh 1 16)} |
902 | @tab | |
79ddc9c9 | 903 | @samp{4} @ @ @code{(lsh 1 19)} |
969fe9b5 | 904 | @tab |
79ddc9c9 | 905 | @samp{b} @ @ @code{(lsh 1 21)} |
a9f0a989 RS |
906 | @item |
907 | @tab | |
969fe9b5 RS |
908 | @samp{2} @ @ @code{(lsh 1 17)} |
909 | @tab | |
79ddc9c9 | 910 | @samp{p} @ @ @code{(lsh 1 20)} |
969fe9b5 | 911 | @tab |
79ddc9c9 GM |
912 | @samp{n} @ @ @code{(lsh 1 22)} |
913 | @item | |
914 | @tab | |
915 | @samp{3} @ @ @code{(lsh 1 18)} | |
969fe9b5 | 916 | @end multitable |
f9f59935 | 917 | |
d1f08d85 SM |
918 | @defun string-to-syntax @var{desc} |
919 | This function returns the internal form @code{(@var{syntax-code} . | |
920 | @var{matching-char})} corresponding to the syntax descriptor @var{desc}. | |
40153606 | 921 | @end defun |
d1f08d85 | 922 | |
f9f59935 RS |
923 | @node Categories |
924 | @section Categories | |
925 | @cindex categories of characters | |
926 | ||
927 | @dfn{Categories} provide an alternate way of classifying characters | |
969fe9b5 RS |
928 | syntactically. You can define several categories as needed, then |
929 | independently assign each character to one or more categories. Unlike | |
f9f59935 RS |
930 | syntax classes, categories are not mutually exclusive; it is normal for |
931 | one character to belong to several categories. | |
932 | ||
933 | Each buffer has a @dfn{category table} which records which categories | |
934 | are defined and also which characters belong to each category. Each | |
969fe9b5 RS |
935 | category table defines its own categories, but normally these are |
936 | initialized by copying from the standard categories table, so that the | |
937 | standard categories are available in all modes. | |
938 | ||
8241495d | 939 | Each category has a name, which is an @sc{ascii} printing character in |
969fe9b5 RS |
940 | the range @w{@samp{ }} to @samp{~}. You specify the name of a category |
941 | when you define it with @code{define-category}. | |
f9f59935 RS |
942 | |
943 | The category table is actually a char-table (@pxref{Char-Tables}). | |
944 | The element of the category table at index @var{c} is a @dfn{category | |
945 | set}---a bool-vector---that indicates which categories character @var{c} | |
946 | belongs to. In this category set, if the element at index @var{cat} is | |
947 | @code{t}, that means category @var{cat} is a member of the set, and that | |
948 | character @var{c} belongs to category @var{cat}. | |
949 | ||
950 | @defun define-category char docstring &optional table | |
951 | This function defines a new category, with name @var{char} and | |
952 | documentation @var{docstring}. | |
953 | ||
954 | The new category is defined for category table @var{table}, which | |
955 | defaults to the current buffer's category table. | |
956 | @end defun | |
957 | ||
958 | @defun category-docstring category &optional table | |
959 | This function returns the documentation string of category @var{category} | |
960 | in category table @var{table}. | |
961 | ||
962 | @example | |
963 | (category-docstring ?a) | |
964 | @result{} "ASCII" | |
965 | (category-docstring ?l) | |
966 | @result{} "Latin" | |
967 | @end example | |
968 | @end defun | |
969 | ||
970 | @defun get-unused-category table | |
971 | This function returns a category name (a character) which is not | |
969fe9b5 | 972 | currently defined in @var{table}. If all possible categories are in use |
1911e6e5 | 973 | in @var{table}, it returns @code{nil}. |
f9f59935 RS |
974 | @end defun |
975 | ||
976 | @defun category-table | |
977 | This function returns the current buffer's category table. | |
978 | @end defun | |
979 | ||
980 | @defun category-table-p object | |
981 | This function returns @code{t} if @var{object} is a category table, | |
982 | otherwise @code{nil}. | |
983 | @end defun | |
984 | ||
985 | @defun standard-category-table | |
986 | This function returns the standard category table. | |
987 | @end defun | |
988 | ||
989 | @defun copy-category-table &optional table | |
990 | This function constructs a copy of @var{table} and returns it. If | |
991 | @var{table} is not supplied (or is @code{nil}), it returns a copy of the | |
992 | current category table. Otherwise, an error is signaled if @var{table} | |
993 | is not a category table. | |
994 | @end defun | |
995 | ||
996 | @defun set-category-table table | |
997 | This function makes @var{table} the category table for the current | |
998 | buffer. It returns @var{table}. | |
999 | @end defun | |
1000 | ||
3f26d1e6 | 1001 | @defun make-category-table |
2468d0c0 | 1002 | @tindex make-category-table |
3f26d1e6 GM |
1003 | This creates and returns an empty category table. In an empty category |
1004 | table, no categories have been allocated, and no characters belong to | |
1005 | any categories. | |
2468d0c0 DL |
1006 | @end defun |
1007 | ||
f9f59935 RS |
1008 | @defun make-category-set categories |
1009 | This function returns a new category set---a bool-vector---whose initial | |
1010 | contents are the categories listed in the string @var{categories}. The | |
1011 | elements of @var{categories} should be category names; the new category | |
1012 | set has @code{t} for each of those categories, and @code{nil} for all | |
1013 | other categories. | |
1014 | ||
1015 | @example | |
1016 | (make-category-set "al") | |
1017 | @result{} #&128"\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\2\20\0\0" | |
1018 | @end example | |
1019 | @end defun | |
1020 | ||
1021 | @defun char-category-set char | |
1022 | This function returns the category set for character @var{char}. This | |
1023 | is the bool-vector which records which categories the character | |
1024 | @var{char} belongs to. The function @code{char-category-set} does not | |
1025 | allocate storage, because it returns the same bool-vector that exists in | |
1026 | the category table. | |
1027 | ||
1028 | @example | |
1029 | (char-category-set ?a) | |
1030 | @result{} #&128"\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\2\20\0\0" | |
1031 | @end example | |
1032 | @end defun | |
1033 | ||
1034 | @defun category-set-mnemonics category-set | |
1035 | This function converts the category set @var{category-set} into a string | |
2468d0c0 DL |
1036 | containing the characters that designate the categories that are members |
1037 | of the set. | |
f9f59935 RS |
1038 | |
1039 | @example | |
1040 | (category-set-mnemonics (char-category-set ?a)) | |
1041 | @result{} "al" | |
1042 | @end example | |
1043 | @end defun | |
1044 | ||
1045 | @defun modify-category-entry character category &optional table reset | |
1046 | This function modifies the category set of @var{character} in category | |
1047 | table @var{table} (which defaults to the current buffer's category | |
1048 | table). | |
1049 | ||
1050 | Normally, it modifies the category set by adding @var{category} to it. | |
1051 | But if @var{reset} is non-@code{nil}, then it deletes @var{category} | |
1052 | instead. | |
1053 | @end defun | |
a57092e8 DL |
1054 | |
1055 | @deffn Command describe-categories | |
1056 | This function describes the category specifications in the current | |
1057 | category table. The descriptions are inserted in a buffer, which is | |
1058 | then displayed. | |
1059 | @end deffn |