Commit | Line | Data |
---|---|---|
509ffb01 | 1 | @c -*-texinfo-*- |
b4e112e7 | 2 | @node GNU Free Documentation License, Emacs Invocation, Copying, Top |
509ffb01 | 3 | @appendix GNU Free Documentation License |
678e7c71 | 4 | @center Version 1.2, November 2002 |
509ffb01 DL |
5 | |
6 | @display | |
678e7c71 | 7 | Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
364c38d3 | 8 | 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA |
509ffb01 DL |
9 | |
10 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies | |
11 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. | |
12 | @end display | |
13 | @sp 1 | |
14 | @enumerate 0 | |
15 | @item | |
16 | PREAMBLE | |
17 | ||
18 | The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other | |
678e7c71 RF |
19 | functional and useful document ``free'' in the sense of freedom: to |
20 | assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, | |
21 | with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. | |
22 | Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way | |
23 | to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible | |
24 | for modifications made by others. | |
509ffb01 DL |
25 | |
26 | This License is a kind of ``copyleft'', which means that derivative | |
27 | works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It | |
28 | complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft | |
29 | license designed for free software. | |
30 | ||
31 | We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free | |
32 | software, because free software needs free documentation: a free | |
33 | program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the | |
34 | software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; | |
35 | it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or | |
36 | whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License | |
37 | principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference. | |
38 | ||
39 | @sp 1 | |
40 | @item | |
41 | APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS | |
42 | ||
678e7c71 RF |
43 | This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that |
44 | contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be | |
45 | distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a | |
46 | world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that | |
47 | work under the conditions stated herein. The ``Document'', below, | |
48 | refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a | |
49 | licensee, and is addressed as ``you''. You accept the license if you | |
50 | copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission | |
51 | under copyright law. | |
509ffb01 DL |
52 | |
53 | A ``Modified Version'' of the Document means any work containing the | |
54 | Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with | |
55 | modifications and/or translated into another language. | |
56 | ||
57 | A ``Secondary Section'' is a named appendix or a front-matter section of | |
58 | the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the | |
59 | publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject | |
60 | (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly | |
678e7c71 | 61 | within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part a |
509ffb01 DL |
62 | textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any |
63 | mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical | |
64 | connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, | |
65 | commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding | |
66 | them. | |
67 | ||
68 | The ``Invariant Sections'' are certain Secondary Sections whose titles | |
69 | are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice | |
678e7c71 RF |
70 | that says that the Document is released under this License. If a |
71 | section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not | |
72 | allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero | |
73 | Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant | |
74 | Sections then there are none. | |
509ffb01 DL |
75 | |
76 | The ``Cover Texts'' are certain short passages of text that are listed, | |
77 | as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that | |
678e7c71 RF |
78 | the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may |
79 | be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words. | |
509ffb01 DL |
80 | |
81 | A ``Transparent'' copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, | |
82 | represented in a format whose specification is available to the | |
678e7c71 | 83 | general public, that is suitable for revising the document |
509ffb01 DL |
84 | straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of |
85 | pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available | |
86 | drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or | |
87 | for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input | |
88 | to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file | |
678e7c71 RF |
89 | format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart |
90 | or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. | |
91 | An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount | |
92 | of text. A copy that is not ``Transparent'' is called ``Opaque.'' | |
93 | ||
509ffb01 DL |
94 | |
95 | Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain | |
96 | ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML | |
97 | or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple | |
678e7c71 RF |
98 | HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of |
99 | transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats | |
100 | include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by | |
101 | proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or | |
509ffb01 | 102 | processing tools are not generally available, and the |
678e7c71 RF |
103 | machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word |
104 | processors for output purposes only. | |
509ffb01 DL |
105 | |
106 | The ``Title Page'' means, for a printed book, the title page itself, | |
107 | plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material | |
108 | this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in | |
109 | formats which do not have any title page as such, ``Title Page'' means | |
110 | the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, | |
111 | preceding the beginning of the body of the text. | |
678e7c71 RF |
112 | |
113 | A section ``Entitled XYZ'' means a named subunit of the Document whose | |
114 | title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following | |
115 | text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a | |
116 | specific section name mentioned below, such as ``Acknowledgements'', | |
117 | ``Dedications'', ``Endorsements'', or ``History''.) To ``Preserve the Title'' | |
118 | of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a | |
119 | section ``Entitled XYZ'' according to this definition. | |
120 | ||
121 | The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which | |
122 | states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty | |
123 | Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this | |
124 | License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other | |
125 | implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has | |
126 | no effect on the meaning of this License. | |
509ffb01 DL |
127 | @sp 1 |
128 | @item | |
129 | VERBATIM COPYING | |
130 | ||
131 | You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either | |
132 | commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the | |
133 | copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies | |
134 | to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other | |
135 | conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use | |
136 | technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further | |
137 | copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept | |
138 | compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough | |
139 | number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3. | |
140 | ||
141 | You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and | |
142 | you may publicly display copies. | |
143 | @sp 1 | |
144 | @item | |
145 | COPYING IN QUANTITY | |
146 | ||
678e7c71 RF |
147 | If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have |
148 | printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the | |
149 | Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the | |
150 | copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover | |
509ffb01 DL |
151 | Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on |
152 | the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify | |
153 | you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present | |
154 | the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and | |
155 | visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. | |
156 | Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve | |
157 | the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated | |
158 | as verbatim copying in other respects. | |
159 | ||
160 | If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit | |
161 | legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit | |
162 | reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent | |
163 | pages. | |
164 | ||
165 | If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering | |
166 | more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent | |
167 | copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy | |
678e7c71 RF |
168 | a computer-network location from which the general network-using |
169 | public has access to download using public-standard network protocols | |
170 | a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. | |
171 | If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, | |
172 | when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure | |
173 | that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated | |
174 | location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an | |
175 | Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that | |
176 | edition to the public. | |
509ffb01 DL |
177 | |
178 | It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the | |
179 | Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give | |
180 | them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document. | |
181 | @sp 1 | |
182 | @item | |
183 | MODIFICATIONS | |
184 | ||
185 | You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under | |
186 | the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release | |
187 | the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified | |
188 | Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution | |
189 | and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy | |
190 | of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version: | |
191 | ||
192 | A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct | |
193 | from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions | |
194 | (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section | |
195 | of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version | |
196 | if the original publisher of that version gives permission.@* | |
197 | B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities | |
198 | responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified | |
199 | Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the | |
678e7c71 RF |
200 | Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five), |
201 | unless they release you from this requirement.@* | |
509ffb01 DL |
202 | C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the |
203 | Modified Version, as the publisher.@* | |
204 | D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.@* | |
205 | E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications | |
206 | adjacent to the other copyright notices.@* | |
207 | F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice | |
208 | giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the | |
209 | terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.@* | |
210 | G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections | |
211 | and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.@* | |
212 | H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.@* | |
678e7c71 RF |
213 | I. Preserve the section Entitled ``History'', Preserve its Title, and add |
214 | to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and | |
509ffb01 | 215 | publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If |
678e7c71 | 216 | there is no section Entitled ``History'' in the Document, create one |
509ffb01 DL |
217 | stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as |
218 | given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified | |
219 | Version as stated in the previous sentence.@* | |
220 | J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for | |
221 | public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise | |
222 | the network locations given in the Document for previous versions | |
223 | it was based on. These may be placed in the ``History'' section. | |
224 | You may omit a network location for a work that was published at | |
225 | least four years before the Document itself, or if the original | |
226 | publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.@* | |
678e7c71 RF |
227 | K. For any section Entitled ``Acknowledgements'' or ``Dedications'', |
228 | Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all | |
229 | the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements | |
509ffb01 DL |
230 | and/or dedications given therein.@* |
231 | L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, | |
232 | unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers | |
233 | or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.@* | |
678e7c71 | 234 | M. Delete any section Entitled ``Endorsements.'' Such a section |
509ffb01 | 235 | may not be included in the Modified Version.@* |
678e7c71 | 236 | N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled ``Endorsements'' |
509ffb01 | 237 | or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.@* |
678e7c71 | 238 | O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.@* |
509ffb01 DL |
239 | @sp 1 |
240 | If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or | |
241 | appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material | |
242 | copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all | |
243 | of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the | |
244 | list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. | |
245 | These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. | |
246 | ||
678e7c71 | 247 | You may add a section Entitled ``Endorsements'', provided it contains |
509ffb01 DL |
248 | nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various |
249 | parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has | |
250 | been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a | |
251 | standard. | |
252 | ||
253 | You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a | |
254 | passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list | |
255 | of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of | |
256 | Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or | |
257 | through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already | |
258 | includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or | |
259 | by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, | |
260 | you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit | |
261 | permission from the previous publisher that added the old one. | |
262 | ||
263 | The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License | |
264 | give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or | |
265 | imply endorsement of any Modified Version. | |
266 | @sp 1 | |
267 | @item | |
268 | COMBINING DOCUMENTS | |
269 | ||
270 | You may combine the Document with other documents released under this | |
271 | License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified | |
272 | versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the | |
273 | Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and | |
274 | list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its | |
678e7c71 | 275 | license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers. |
509ffb01 DL |
276 | |
277 | The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and | |
278 | multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single | |
279 | copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but | |
280 | different contents, make the title of each such section unique by | |
281 | adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original | |
282 | author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. | |
283 | Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of | |
284 | Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work. | |
285 | ||
678e7c71 RF |
286 | In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled ``History'' |
287 | in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled | |
288 | ``History''; likewise combine any sections Entitled ``Acknowledgements'', | |
289 | and any sections Entitled ``Dedications.'' You must delete all sections | |
290 | Entitled ``Endorsements.'' | |
509ffb01 DL |
291 | @sp 1 |
292 | @item | |
293 | COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS | |
294 | ||
295 | You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents | |
296 | released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this | |
297 | License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in | |
298 | the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for | |
299 | verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects. | |
300 | ||
301 | You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute | |
302 | it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this | |
303 | License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all | |
304 | other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document. | |
305 | @sp 1 | |
306 | @item | |
307 | AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS | |
308 | ||
309 | A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate | |
310 | and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or | |
678e7c71 RF |
311 | distribution medium, is called an ``aggregate'' if the copyright |
312 | resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights | |
313 | of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. | |
314 | When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not | |
315 | apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves | |
316 | derivative works of the Document. | |
509ffb01 DL |
317 | |
318 | If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these | |
678e7c71 RF |
319 | copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of |
320 | the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on | |
321 | covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the | |
322 | electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. | |
323 | Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole | |
324 | aggregate. | |
509ffb01 DL |
325 | @sp 1 |
326 | @item | |
327 | TRANSLATION | |
328 | ||
329 | Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may | |
330 | distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. | |
331 | Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special | |
332 | permission from their copyright holders, but you may include | |
333 | translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the | |
334 | original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a | |
678e7c71 RF |
335 | translation of this License, and all the license notices in the |
336 | Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include | |
337 | the original English version of this License and the original versions | |
338 | of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between | |
339 | the translation and the original version of this License or a notice | |
340 | or disclaimer, the original version will prevail. | |
341 | ||
342 | If a section in the Document is Entitled ``Acknowledgements'', | |
343 | ``Dedications'', or ``History'', the requirement (section 4) to Preserve | |
344 | its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual | |
345 | title. | |
509ffb01 DL |
346 | @sp 1 |
347 | @item | |
348 | TERMINATION | |
349 | ||
350 | You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except | |
351 | as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to | |
352 | copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will | |
353 | automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, | |
354 | parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this | |
355 | License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such | |
356 | parties remain in full compliance. | |
357 | @sp 1 | |
358 | @item | |
359 | FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE | |
360 | ||
361 | The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions | |
362 | of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new | |
363 | versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may | |
364 | differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See | |
365 | http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/. | |
366 | ||
367 | Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. | |
368 | If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this | |
369 | License ``or any later version'' applies to it, you have the option of | |
370 | following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or | |
371 | of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the | |
372 | Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version | |
373 | number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not | |
374 | as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. | |
375 | ||
376 | @end enumerate | |
377 | ||
378 | @unnumberedsec ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents | |
379 | ||
380 | To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of | |
381 | the License in the document and put the following copyright and | |
382 | license notices just after the title page: | |
383 | ||
384 | @smallexample | |
385 | @group | |
9b60df4d RS |
386 | Copyright (C) @var{year} @var{your name}. |
387 | Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document | |
678e7c71 | 388 | under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 |
9b60df4d | 389 | or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; |
678e7c71 RF |
390 | with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. |
391 | A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU | |
392 | Free Documentation License''. | |
393 | @end group | |
394 | @end smallexample | |
395 | ||
396 | If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, | |
397 | replace the ``with...Texts.'' line with this: | |
398 | ||
399 | @smallexample | |
400 | @group | |
9b60df4d | 401 | with the Invariant Sections being @var{list their titles}, with the |
678e7c71 RF |
402 | Front-Cover Texts being @var{list}, and with the Back-Cover Texts being |
403 | @var{list}. | |
509ffb01 DL |
404 | @end group |
405 | @end smallexample | |
9b60df4d | 406 | |
678e7c71 RF |
407 | If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other |
408 | combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the | |
409 | situation. | |
509ffb01 DL |
410 | |
411 | If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we | |
412 | recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of | |
413 | free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, | |
414 | to permit their use in free software. | |
ab5796a9 MB |
415 | |
416 | @ignore | |
417 | arch-tag: c1679162-1d8a-4f02-bc52-2e71765f0165 | |
418 | @end ignore |