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5baee236 | 1 | \input texinfo @c -*- coding: iso-latin-1 -*- |
8cf51b2c | 2 | |
92f9b43f | 3 | @setfilename ../../info/emacs |
8cf51b2c GM |
4 | @settitle GNU Emacs Manual |
5 | ||
6 | @c The edition number appears in several places in this file | |
7 | @set EDITION Sixteenth | |
f7a31f11 | 8 | @include emacsver.texi |
8cf51b2c GM |
9 | |
10 | @copying | |
11 | This is the @value{EDITION} edition of the @cite{GNU Emacs Manual},@* | |
12 | updated for Emacs version @value{EMACSVER}. | |
13 | ||
73b0cd50 | 14 | Copyright @copyright{} 1985-1987, 1993-2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
8cf51b2c GM |
15 | |
16 | @quotation | |
17 | Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document | |
4b121911 | 18 | under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or |
8cf51b2c GM |
19 | any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the |
20 | Invariant Sections being ``The GNU Manifesto,'' ``Distribution'' and | |
21 | ``GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE,'' with the Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU | |
22 | Manual,'' and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the | |
23 | license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation | |
24 | License.'' | |
25 | ||
8e65d46c GM |
26 | (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have the freedom to copy and |
27 | modify this GNU manual. Buying copies from the FSF supports it in | |
8cf51b2c GM |
28 | developing GNU and promoting software freedom.'' |
29 | @end quotation | |
30 | @end copying | |
31 | ||
63a329f8 | 32 | @documentencoding ISO-8859-1 |
6446548e | 33 | |
8cf51b2c GM |
34 | @dircategory Emacs |
35 | @direntry | |
8838673e | 36 | * Emacs: (emacs). The extensible self-documenting text editor. |
8cf51b2c GM |
37 | @end direntry |
38 | ||
39 | @c in general, keep the following line commented out, unless doing a | |
40 | @c copy of this manual that will be published. The manual should go | |
41 | @c onto the distribution in the full, 8.5 x 11" size. | |
ae742cb5 | 42 | @c @smallbook |
8cf51b2c GM |
43 | |
44 | @ifset smallbook | |
45 | @smallbook | |
46 | @end ifset | |
47 | ||
48 | @c per rms and peterb, use 10pt fonts for the main text, mostly to | |
49 | @c save on paper cost. | |
50 | @c Do this inside @tex for now, so current makeinfo does not complain. | |
51 | @tex | |
52 | @ifset smallbook | |
53 | @fonttextsize 10 | |
8cf51b2c GM |
54 | \global\let\urlcolor=\Black % don't print links in grayscale |
55 | \global\let\linkcolor=\Black | |
56 | @end ifset | |
57 | \global\hbadness=6666 % don't worry about not-too-underfull boxes | |
58 | @end tex | |
59 | ||
60 | @defcodeindex op | |
61 | @synindex pg cp | |
62 | ||
63 | @iftex | |
64 | @kbdinputstyle code | |
65 | ||
66 | @shorttitlepage GNU Emacs Manual | |
67 | @end iftex | |
68 | ||
69 | @titlepage | |
70 | @sp 6 | |
71 | @center @titlefont{GNU Emacs Manual} | |
72 | @sp 4 | |
73 | @center @value{EDITION} Edition, Updated for Emacs Version @value{EMACSVER}. | |
74 | @sp 5 | |
75 | @center Richard Stallman | |
76 | @page | |
77 | @vskip 0pt plus 1filll | |
78 | @insertcopying | |
79 | ||
80 | @sp 2 | |
81 | Published by the Free Software Foundation @* | |
82 | 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor @* | |
83 | Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA @* | |
84 | ISBN 1-882114-86-8 | |
85 | ||
86 | @sp 2 | |
87 | Cover art by Etienne Suvasa. | |
88 | ||
89 | @end titlepage | |
90 | ||
91 | ||
92 | @summarycontents | |
93 | @contents | |
94 | ||
95 | ||
96 | @ifnottex | |
97 | @node Top, Distrib, (dir), (dir) | |
98 | @top The Emacs Editor | |
99 | ||
100 | Emacs is the extensible, customizable, self-documenting real-time | |
101 | display editor. This Info file describes how to edit with Emacs and | |
102 | some of how to customize it; it corresponds to GNU Emacs version | |
103 | @value{EMACSVER}. | |
104 | ||
105 | @ifinfo | |
753ad1de GM |
106 | To learn more about the Info documentation system, type @kbd{h}, |
107 | to visit a programmed instruction sequence for the Info commands. | |
8cf51b2c GM |
108 | @end ifinfo |
109 | ||
110 | For information on extending Emacs, see @ref{Top, Emacs Lisp,, elisp, The | |
111 | Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}. | |
753ad1de GM |
112 | |
113 | @insertcopying | |
8cf51b2c GM |
114 | @end ifnottex |
115 | ||
116 | @ignore | |
117 | These subcategories have been deleted for simplicity | |
118 | and to avoid conflicts. | |
119 | Completion | |
120 | Backup Files | |
121 | Auto-Saving: Protection Against Disasters | |
370fded4 | 122 | Tags |
8cf51b2c GM |
123 | Text Mode |
124 | Outline Mode | |
125 | @TeX{} Mode | |
126 | Formatted Text | |
127 | Shell Command History | |
128 | ||
129 | The ones for Dired and Rmail have had the items turned into :: items | |
130 | to avoid conflicts. | |
131 | Also Running Shell Commands from Emacs | |
132 | and Sending Mail and Registers and Minibuffer. | |
133 | @end ignore | |
134 | ||
135 | @menu | |
8838673e GM |
136 | * Distrib:: How to get the latest Emacs distribution. |
137 | * Intro:: An introduction to Emacs concepts. | |
753ad1de | 138 | @c Note that in the printed manual, the glossary and indices come last. |
8838673e | 139 | * Glossary:: Terms used in this manual. |
8cf51b2c GM |
140 | |
141 | Indexes (each index contains a large menu) | |
8838673e | 142 | * Key Index:: An item for each standard Emacs key sequence. |
8cf51b2c GM |
143 | * Option Index:: An item for every command-line option. |
144 | * Command Index:: An item for each command name. | |
145 | * Variable Index:: An item for each documented variable. | |
146 | * Concept Index:: An item for each concept. | |
147 | ||
753ad1de GM |
148 | * Acknowledgments:: Major contributors to GNU Emacs. |
149 | ||
8cf51b2c | 150 | Important General Concepts |
8838673e GM |
151 | * Screen:: How to interpret what you see on the screen. |
152 | * User Input:: Kinds of input events (characters, buttons, | |
8cf51b2c | 153 | function keys). |
8838673e | 154 | * Keys:: Key sequences: what you type to request one |
8cf51b2c | 155 | editing action. |
8838673e | 156 | * Commands:: Named functions run by key sequences to do editing. |
8cf51b2c | 157 | * Entering Emacs:: Starting Emacs from the shell. |
8838673e | 158 | * Exiting:: Stopping or killing Emacs. |
8cf51b2c GM |
159 | |
160 | Fundamental Editing Commands | |
8838673e GM |
161 | * Basic:: The most basic editing commands. |
162 | * Minibuffer:: Entering arguments that are prompted for. | |
163 | * M-x:: Invoking commands by their names. | |
164 | * Help:: Commands for asking Emacs about its commands. | |
8cf51b2c GM |
165 | |
166 | Important Text-Changing Commands | |
f584ca38 | 167 | * Mark:: The mark: how to delimit a "region" of text. |
8838673e GM |
168 | * Killing:: Killing (cutting) text. |
169 | * Yanking:: Recovering killed text. Moving text. (Pasting.) | |
4d45a8b7 | 170 | * Cut and Paste:: Clipboard and selections on graphical displays. |
8cf51b2c | 171 | * Accumulating Text:: Other ways of copying text. |
6cfd0fa2 CY |
172 | * Rectangles:: Operating on text in rectangular areas. |
173 | * CUA Bindings:: Using @kbd{C-x}, @kbd{C-c}, @kbd{C-v} to kill and yank. | |
8838673e GM |
174 | * Registers:: Saving a text string or a location in the buffer. |
175 | * Display:: Controlling what text is displayed. | |
176 | * Search:: Finding or replacing occurrences of a string. | |
177 | * Fixit:: Commands especially useful for fixing typos. | |
6cfd0fa2 | 178 | * Keyboard Macros:: Recording a sequence of keystrokes to be replayed. |
8cf51b2c GM |
179 | |
180 | Major Structures of Emacs | |
8838673e GM |
181 | * Files:: All about handling files. |
182 | * Buffers:: Multiple buffers; editing several files at once. | |
183 | * Windows:: Viewing two pieces of text at once. | |
184 | * Frames:: Running the same Emacs session in multiple X windows. | |
753ad1de | 185 | * International:: Using non-@acronym{ASCII} character sets. |
8cf51b2c GM |
186 | |
187 | Advanced Features | |
8875da1e | 188 | * Modes:: Major and minor modes alter Emacs' basic behavior. |
8838673e | 189 | * Indentation:: Editing the white space at the beginnings of lines. |
f404f8bc | 190 | * Text:: Commands and modes for editing human languages. |
8838673e GM |
191 | * Programs:: Commands and modes for editing programs. |
192 | * Building:: Compiling, running and debugging programs. | |
8cf51b2c | 193 | * Maintaining:: Features for maintaining large programs. |
6cfd0fa2 | 194 | * Abbrevs:: Defining text abbreviations to reduce |
8838673e | 195 | the number of characters you must type. |
e0b1591b CY |
196 | * Dired:: Directory and file manager. |
197 | * Calendar/Diary:: Calendar and diary facilities. | |
8cf51b2c | 198 | * Sending Mail:: Sending mail in Emacs. |
8838673e | 199 | * Rmail:: Reading mail in Emacs. |
6cfd0fa2 | 200 | * Gnus:: A flexible mail and news reader. |
856ce114 | 201 | * Document View:: Viewing PDF, PS and DVI files. |
8838673e | 202 | * Shell:: Executing shell commands from Emacs. |
6cfd0fa2 | 203 | * Emacs Server:: Using Emacs as an editing server. |
8838673e GM |
204 | * Printing:: Printing hardcopies of buffers or regions. |
205 | * Sorting:: Sorting lines, paragraphs or pages within Emacs. | |
f404f8bc CY |
206 | @ifnottex |
207 | * Picture Mode:: Editing pictures made up of text characters. | |
208 | @end ifnottex | |
209 | * Editing Binary Files:: Editing binary files with Hexl mode. | |
8cf51b2c | 210 | * Saving Emacs Sessions:: Saving Emacs state from one session to the next. |
f404f8bc | 211 | * Recursive Edit:: Performing edits while "within another command". |
8838673e | 212 | * Emulation:: Emulating some other editors with Emacs. |
8cf51b2c | 213 | * Hyperlinking:: Following links in buffers. |
8838673e | 214 | * Amusements:: Various games and hacks. |
d43f5a42 | 215 | * Packages:: Installing additional features. |
8cf51b2c | 216 | * Customization:: Modifying the behavior of Emacs. |
8cf51b2c GM |
217 | |
218 | Recovery from Problems | |
8838673e GM |
219 | * Quitting:: Quitting and aborting. |
220 | * Lossage:: What to do if Emacs is hung or malfunctioning. | |
221 | * Bugs:: How and when to report a bug. | |
8cf51b2c | 222 | * Contributing:: How to contribute improvements to Emacs. |
8838673e | 223 | * Service:: How to get help for your own Emacs needs. |
8cf51b2c | 224 | |
753ad1de | 225 | Appendices |
8838673e GM |
226 | * Copying:: The GNU General Public License gives you permission |
227 | to redistribute GNU Emacs on certain terms; | |
228 | it also explains that there is no warranty. | |
753ad1de GM |
229 | * GNU Free Documentation License:: The license for this documentation. |
230 | * Emacs Invocation:: Hairy startup options. | |
231 | * X Resources:: X resources for customizing Emacs. | |
8838673e | 232 | * Antinews:: Information about Emacs version 22. |
753ad1de GM |
233 | * Mac OS / GNUstep:: Using Emacs under Mac OS and GNUstep. |
234 | * Microsoft Windows:: Using Emacs on Microsoft Windows and MS-DOS. | |
8838673e | 235 | * Manifesto:: What's GNU? Gnu's Not Unix! |
753ad1de | 236 | |
8cf51b2c GM |
237 | @c Do NOT modify the following 3 lines! They must have this form to |
238 | @c be correctly identified by `texinfo-multiple-files-update'. In | |
239 | @c particular, the detailed menu header line MUST be identical to the | |
240 | @c value of `texinfo-master-menu-header'. See texnfo-upd.el. | |
241 | ||
242 | @detailmenu | |
243 | --- The Detailed Node Listing --- | |
244 | --------------------------------- | |
245 | ||
c2fd0368 | 246 | Here are some other nodes which are really subnodes of the ones |
8cf51b2c GM |
247 | already listed, mentioned here so you can get to them in one step: |
248 | ||
249 | The Organization of the Screen | |
250 | ||
8838673e | 251 | * Point:: The place in the text where editing commands operate. |
8cf51b2c | 252 | * Echo Area:: Short messages appear at the bottom of the screen. |
8838673e | 253 | * Mode Line:: Interpreting the mode line. |
8cf51b2c GM |
254 | * Menu Bar:: How to use the menu bar. |
255 | ||
256 | Basic Editing Commands | |
257 | ||
258 | * Inserting Text:: Inserting text by simply typing it. | |
753ad1de GM |
259 | * Moving Point:: Moving the cursor to the place where you want to |
260 | change something. | |
8838673e GM |
261 | * Erasing:: Deleting and killing text. |
262 | * Basic Undo:: Undoing recent changes in the text. | |
8cf51b2c GM |
263 | * Basic Files:: Visiting, creating, and saving files. |
264 | * Basic Help:: Asking what a character does. | |
8838673e | 265 | * Blank Lines:: Making and deleting blank lines. |
753ad1de | 266 | * Continuation Lines:: How Emacs displays lines too wide for the screen. |
8cf51b2c | 267 | * Position Info:: What page, line, row, or column is point on? |
8838673e | 268 | * Arguments:: Numeric arguments for repeating a command N times. |
753ad1de | 269 | * Repeating:: Repeating the previous command quickly. |
8cf51b2c GM |
270 | |
271 | The Minibuffer | |
272 | ||
273 | * Minibuffer File:: Entering file names with the minibuffer. | |
274 | * Minibuffer Edit:: How to edit in the minibuffer. | |
8838673e GM |
275 | * Completion:: An abbreviation facility for minibuffer input. |
276 | * Minibuffer History:: Reusing recent minibuffer arguments. | |
277 | * Repetition:: Re-executing commands that used the minibuffer. | |
8d15c8db | 278 | * Passwords:: Entering passwords in the echo area. |
8cf51b2c GM |
279 | |
280 | Completion | |
281 | ||
753ad1de GM |
282 | * Completion Example:: Examples of using completion. |
283 | * Completion Commands:: A list of completion commands. | |
284 | * Strict Completion:: Different types of completion. | |
285 | * Completion Options:: Options for completion. | |
8cf51b2c GM |
286 | |
287 | Help | |
288 | ||
8838673e GM |
289 | * Help Summary:: Brief list of all Help commands. |
290 | * Key Help:: Asking what a key does in Emacs. | |
291 | * Name Help:: Asking about a command, variable or function name. | |
292 | * Apropos:: Asking what pertains to a given topic. | |
8cf51b2c | 293 | * Help Mode:: Special features of Help mode and Help buffers. |
8838673e | 294 | * Library Keywords:: Finding Lisp libraries by keywords (topics). |
8cf51b2c | 295 | * Language Help:: Help relating to international language support. |
8838673e | 296 | * Misc Help:: Other help commands. |
8cf51b2c | 297 | * Help Files:: Commands to display pre-written help files. |
753ad1de | 298 | * Help Echo:: Help on active text and tooltips (`balloon help'). |
8cf51b2c GM |
299 | |
300 | The Mark and the Region | |
301 | ||
8838673e GM |
302 | * Setting Mark:: Commands to set the mark. |
303 | * Marking Objects:: Commands to put region around textual units. | |
304 | * Using Region:: Summary of ways to operate on contents of the region. | |
305 | * Mark Ring:: Previous mark positions saved so you can go back there. | |
02105f6b CY |
306 | * Global Mark Ring:: Previous mark positions in various buffers. |
307 | * Shift Selection:: Using shifted cursor motion keys. | |
8838673e | 308 | * Persistent Mark:: Keeping the mark active all the time. |
8cf51b2c GM |
309 | |
310 | Killing and Moving Text | |
311 | ||
8838673e GM |
312 | * Deletion:: Commands for deleting small amounts of text and |
313 | blank areas. | |
314 | * Killing by Lines:: How to kill entire lines of text at one time. | |
8cf51b2c | 315 | * Other Kill Commands:: Commands to kill large regions of text and |
8838673e | 316 | syntactic units such as words and sentences. |
91ed7ea8 | 317 | * Kill Options:: Options that affect killing. |
8cf51b2c GM |
318 | |
319 | Yanking | |
320 | ||
8838673e GM |
321 | * Kill Ring:: Where killed text is stored. Basic yanking. |
322 | * Appending Kills:: Several kills in a row all yank together. | |
323 | * Earlier Kills:: Yanking something killed some time ago. | |
8cf51b2c | 324 | |
4d45a8b7 CY |
325 | Killing and Yanking on Graphical Displays |
326 | ||
327 | * Clipboard:: How Emacs interacts with the system clipboard. | |
328 | * Primary Selection:: The temporarily selected text selection. | |
329 | * Secondary Selection:: Cutting without altering point and mark. | |
330 | ||
8cf51b2c GM |
331 | Registers |
332 | ||
a30ed87b LMI |
333 | * Position Registers:: Saving positions in registers. |
334 | * Text Registers:: Saving text in registers. | |
335 | * Rectangle Registers:: Saving rectangles in registers. | |
336 | * Configuration Registers:: Saving window configurations in registers. | |
337 | * Number Registers:: Numbers in registers. | |
338 | * File Registers:: File names in registers. | |
339 | * Bookmarks:: Bookmarks are like registers, but persistent. | |
8cf51b2c GM |
340 | |
341 | Controlling the Display | |
342 | ||
8838673e | 343 | * Scrolling:: Commands to move text up and down in a window. |
8cf51b2c GM |
344 | * Auto Scrolling:: Redisplay scrolls text automatically when needed. |
345 | * Horizontal Scrolling:: Moving text left and right in a window. | |
f404f8bc CY |
346 | * Narrowing:: Restricting display and editing to a portion |
347 | of the buffer. | |
a6326082 | 348 | * View Mode:: Viewing read-only buffers. |
8cf51b2c | 349 | * Follow Mode:: Follow mode lets two windows scroll as one. |
8838673e | 350 | * Faces:: How to change the display style using faces. |
8cf51b2c | 351 | * Standard Faces:: Emacs' predefined faces. |
fa9f971a | 352 | * Temporary Face Changes:: Commands to temporarily modify the default text face |
8cf51b2c GM |
353 | * Font Lock:: Minor mode for syntactic highlighting using faces. |
354 | * Highlight Interactively:: Tell Emacs what text to highlight. | |
355 | * Fringes:: Enabling or disabling window fringes. | |
356 | * Displaying Boundaries:: Displaying top and bottom of the buffer. | |
357 | * Useless Whitespace:: Showing possibly-spurious trailing whitespace. | |
358 | * Selective Display:: Hiding lines with lots of indentation. | |
359 | * Optional Mode Line:: Optional mode line display features. | |
360 | * Text Display:: How text characters are normally displayed. | |
361 | * Cursor Display:: Features for displaying the cursor. | |
362 | * Line Truncation:: Truncating lines to fit the screen width instead | |
363 | of continuing them to multiple screen lines. | |
4c2e2be9 | 364 | * Visual Line Mode:: Word wrap and screen line-based editing. |
8cf51b2c GM |
365 | * Display Custom:: Information on variables for customizing display. |
366 | ||
367 | Searching and Replacement | |
368 | ||
8838673e | 369 | * Incremental Search:: Search happens as you type the string. |
8cf51b2c | 370 | * Nonincremental Search:: Specify entire string and then search. |
8838673e GM |
371 | * Word Search:: Search for sequence of words. |
372 | * Regexp Search:: Search for match for a regexp. | |
373 | * Regexps:: Syntax of regular expressions. | |
8cf51b2c GM |
374 | * Regexp Backslash:: Regular expression constructs starting with `\'. |
375 | * Regexp Example:: A complex regular expression explained. | |
8838673e GM |
376 | * Search Case:: To ignore case while searching, or not. |
377 | * Replace:: Search, and replace some or all matches. | |
8cf51b2c GM |
378 | * Other Repeating Search:: Operating on all matches for some regexp. |
379 | ||
380 | Incremental Search | |
381 | ||
382 | * Basic Isearch:: Basic incremental search commands. | |
383 | * Repeat Isearch:: Searching for the same string again. | |
384 | * Error in Isearch:: When your string is not found. | |
385 | * Special Isearch:: Special input in incremental search. | |
8cf51b2c GM |
386 | * Isearch Yank:: Commands that grab text into the search string |
387 | or else edit the search string. | |
8cf51b2c | 388 | * Isearch Scroll:: Scrolling during an incremental search. |
321e63fc | 389 | * Isearch Minibuffer:: Incremental search of the minibuffer history. |
8cf51b2c GM |
390 | * Slow Isearch:: Incremental search features for slow terminals. |
391 | ||
392 | Replacement Commands | |
393 | ||
394 | * Unconditional Replace:: Replacing all matches for a string. | |
8838673e | 395 | * Regexp Replace:: Replacing all matches for a regexp. |
8cf51b2c | 396 | * Replacement and Case:: How replacements preserve case of letters. |
8838673e | 397 | * Query Replace:: How to use querying. |
8cf51b2c GM |
398 | |
399 | Commands for Fixing Typos | |
400 | ||
753ad1de | 401 | * Undo:: The Undo commands. |
8838673e | 402 | * Transpose:: Exchanging two characters, words, lines, lists... |
8cf51b2c | 403 | * Fixing Case:: Correcting case of last word entered. |
8838673e | 404 | * Spelling:: Apply spelling checker to a word, or a whole file. |
8cf51b2c GM |
405 | |
406 | Keyboard Macros | |
407 | ||
408 | * Basic Keyboard Macro:: Defining and running keyboard macros. | |
409 | * Keyboard Macro Ring:: Where previous keyboard macros are saved. | |
410 | * Keyboard Macro Counter:: Inserting incrementing numbers in macros. | |
411 | * Keyboard Macro Query:: Making keyboard macros do different things each time. | |
412 | * Save Keyboard Macro:: Giving keyboard macros names; saving them in files. | |
413 | * Edit Keyboard Macro:: Editing keyboard macros. | |
414 | * Keyboard Macro Step-Edit:: Interactively executing and editing a keyboard | |
415 | macro. | |
416 | ||
417 | File Handling | |
418 | ||
419 | * File Names:: How to type and edit file-name arguments. | |
420 | * Visiting:: Visiting a file prepares Emacs to edit the file. | |
421 | * Saving:: Saving makes your changes permanent. | |
422 | * Reverting:: Reverting cancels all the changes not saved. | |
423 | * Autorevert:: Auto Reverting non-file buffers. | |
424 | * Auto Save:: Auto Save periodically protects against loss of data. | |
425 | * File Aliases:: Handling multiple names for one file. | |
8cf51b2c GM |
426 | * Directories:: Creating, deleting, and listing file directories. |
427 | * Comparing Files:: Finding where two files differ. | |
753ad1de | 428 | * Diff Mode:: Mode for editing file differences. |
8cf51b2c GM |
429 | * Misc File Ops:: Other things you can do on files. |
430 | * Compressed Files:: Accessing compressed files. | |
431 | * File Archives:: Operating on tar, zip, jar etc. archive files. | |
432 | * Remote Files:: Accessing files on other sites. | |
433 | * Quoted File Names:: Quoting special characters in file names. | |
434 | * File Name Cache:: Completion against a list of files you often use. | |
435 | * File Conveniences:: Convenience Features for Finding Files. | |
436 | * Filesets:: Handling sets of files. | |
437 | ||
438 | Saving Files | |
439 | ||
440 | * Save Commands:: Commands for saving files. | |
441 | * Backup:: How Emacs saves the old version of your file. | |
442 | * Customize Save:: Customizing the saving of files. | |
443 | * Interlocking:: How Emacs protects against simultaneous editing | |
444 | of one file by two users. | |
445 | * File Shadowing:: Copying files to "shadows" automatically. | |
446 | * Time Stamps:: Emacs can update time stamps on saved files. | |
447 | ||
448 | Backup Files | |
449 | ||
8838673e GM |
450 | * Backup Names:: How backup files are named. |
451 | * Backup Deletion:: Emacs deletes excess numbered backups. | |
452 | * Backup Copying:: Backups can be made by copying or renaming. | |
753ad1de GM |
453 | |
454 | Auto Reverting Non-File Buffers | |
455 | ||
456 | * Auto Reverting the Buffer Menu:: Auto Revert of the Buffer Menu. | |
457 | * Auto Reverting Dired:: Auto Revert of Dired buffers. | |
458 | * Supporting additional buffers:: How to add more Auto Revert support. | |
8cf51b2c GM |
459 | |
460 | Auto-Saving: Protection Against Disasters | |
461 | ||
753ad1de GM |
462 | * Auto Save Files:: The file where auto-saved changes are |
463 | actually made until you save the file. | |
464 | * Auto Save Control:: Controlling when and how often to auto-save. | |
8838673e | 465 | * Recover:: Recovering text from auto-save files. |
8cf51b2c | 466 | |
8cf51b2c GM |
467 | Using Multiple Buffers |
468 | ||
469 | * Select Buffer:: Creating a new buffer or reselecting an old one. | |
470 | * List Buffers:: Getting a list of buffers that exist. | |
8838673e GM |
471 | * Misc Buffer:: Renaming; changing read-onlyness; copying text. |
472 | * Kill Buffer:: Killing buffers you no longer need. | |
8cf51b2c | 473 | * Several Buffers:: How to go through the list of all buffers |
8838673e | 474 | and operate variously on several of them. |
8cf51b2c GM |
475 | * Indirect Buffers:: An indirect buffer shares the text of another buffer. |
476 | * Buffer Convenience:: Convenience and customization features for | |
477 | buffer handling. | |
478 | ||
753ad1de GM |
479 | Convenience Features and Customization of Buffer Handling |
480 | ||
481 | * Uniquify:: Making buffer names unique with directory parts. | |
482 | * Iswitchb:: Switching between buffers with substrings. | |
483 | * Buffer Menus:: Configurable buffer menu. | |
484 | ||
8cf51b2c GM |
485 | Multiple Windows |
486 | ||
487 | * Basic Window:: Introduction to Emacs windows. | |
488 | * Split Window:: New windows are made by splitting existing windows. | |
489 | * Other Window:: Moving to another window or doing something to it. | |
490 | * Pop Up Window:: Finding a file or buffer in another window. | |
8cf51b2c | 491 | * Change Window:: Deleting windows and changing their sizes. |
0a2132ba | 492 | * Displaying Buffers:: How Emacs picks a window for displaying a buffer. |
8cf51b2c GM |
493 | * Window Convenience:: Convenience functions for window handling. |
494 | ||
495 | Frames and Graphical Displays | |
496 | ||
4d45a8b7 CY |
497 | * Mouse Commands:: Moving, cutting, and pasting, with the mouse. |
498 | * Word and Line Mouse:: Mouse commands for selecting whole words or lines. | |
8cf51b2c GM |
499 | * Mouse References:: Using the mouse to select an item from a list. |
500 | * Menu Mouse Clicks:: Mouse clicks that bring up menus. | |
501 | * Mode Line Mouse:: Mouse clicks on the mode line. | |
502 | * Creating Frames:: Creating additional Emacs frames with various contents. | |
503 | * Frame Commands:: Iconifying, deleting, and switching frames. | |
d68eb23c | 504 | * Fonts:: Changing the frame font. |
8cf51b2c GM |
505 | * Speedbar:: How to make and use a speedbar frame. |
506 | * Multiple Displays:: How one Emacs job can talk to several displays. | |
507 | * Special Buffer Frames:: You can make certain buffers have their own frames. | |
508 | * Frame Parameters:: Changing the colors and other modes of frames. | |
8838673e | 509 | * Scroll Bars:: How to enable and disable scroll bars; how to use them. |
8cf51b2c GM |
510 | * Wheeled Mice:: Using mouse wheels for scrolling. |
511 | * Drag and Drop:: Using drag and drop to open files and insert text. | |
8838673e | 512 | * Menu Bars:: Enabling and disabling the menu bar. |
8cf51b2c GM |
513 | * Tool Bars:: Enabling and disabling the tool bar. |
514 | * Dialog Boxes:: Controlling use of dialog boxes. | |
753ad1de | 515 | * Tooltips:: Displaying information at the current mouse position. |
8cf51b2c GM |
516 | * Mouse Avoidance:: Moving the mouse pointer out of the way. |
517 | * Non-Window Terminals:: Multiple frames on terminals that show only one. | |
518 | * Text-Only Mouse:: Using the mouse in text-only terminals. | |
519 | ||
520 | International Character Set Support | |
521 | ||
522 | * International Chars:: Basic concepts of multibyte characters. | |
523 | * Enabling Multibyte:: Controlling whether to use multibyte characters. | |
524 | * Language Environments:: Setting things up for the language you use. | |
525 | * Input Methods:: Entering text characters not on your keyboard. | |
526 | * Select Input Method:: Specifying your choice of input methods. | |
8cf51b2c GM |
527 | * Coding Systems:: Character set conversion when you read and |
528 | write files, and so on. | |
529 | * Recognize Coding:: How Emacs figures out which conversion to use. | |
530 | * Specify Coding:: Specifying a file's coding system explicitly. | |
531 | * Output Coding:: Choosing coding systems for output. | |
532 | * Text Coding:: Choosing conversion to use for file text. | |
533 | * Communication Coding:: Coding systems for interprocess communication. | |
534 | * File Name Coding:: Coding systems for file @emph{names}. | |
535 | * Terminal Coding:: Specifying coding systems for converting | |
536 | terminal input and output. | |
537 | * Fontsets:: Fontsets are collections of fonts | |
538 | that cover the whole spectrum of characters. | |
539 | * Defining Fontsets:: Defining a new fontset. | |
753ad1de | 540 | * Modifying Fontsets:: Modifying an existing fontset. |
8cf51b2c GM |
541 | * Undisplayable Characters::When characters don't display. |
542 | * Unibyte Mode:: You can pick one European character set | |
543 | to use without multibyte characters. | |
544 | * Charsets:: How Emacs groups its internal character codes. | |
545 | ||
8875da1e | 546 | Modes |
8cf51b2c | 547 | |
8875da1e CY |
548 | * Major Modes:: Text mode vs. Lisp mode vs. C mode... |
549 | * Minor Modes:: Each minor mode is a feature you can turn on | |
550 | independently of any others. | |
551 | * Choosing Modes:: How modes are chosen when visiting files. | |
8cf51b2c GM |
552 | |
553 | Indentation | |
554 | ||
555 | * Indentation Commands:: Various commands and techniques for indentation. | |
8838673e GM |
556 | * Tab Stops:: You can set arbitrary "tab stops" and then |
557 | indent to the next tab stop when you want to. | |
558 | * Just Spaces:: You can request indentation using just spaces. | |
8cf51b2c GM |
559 | |
560 | Commands for Human Languages | |
561 | ||
8838673e GM |
562 | * Words:: Moving over and killing words. |
563 | * Sentences:: Moving over and killing sentences. | |
564 | * Paragraphs:: Moving over paragraphs. | |
565 | * Pages:: Moving over pages. | |
566 | * Filling:: Filling or justifying text. | |
567 | * Case:: Changing the case of text. | |
568 | * Text Mode:: The major modes for editing text files. | |
8cf51b2c | 569 | * Outline Mode:: Editing outlines. |
8838673e | 570 | * TeX Mode:: Editing input to the formatter TeX. |
f67c5dd0 | 571 | * HTML Mode:: Editing HTML and SGML files. |
8838673e | 572 | * Nroff Mode:: Editing input to the formatter nroff. |
8cf51b2c GM |
573 | * Formatted Text:: Editing formatted text directly in WYSIWYG fashion. |
574 | * Text Based Tables:: Editing text-based tables in WYSIWYG fashion. | |
f404f8bc | 575 | * Two-Column:: Splitting text columns into separate windows. |
8cf51b2c GM |
576 | |
577 | Filling Text | |
578 | ||
8838673e | 579 | * Auto Fill:: Auto Fill mode breaks long lines automatically. |
8cf51b2c | 580 | * Fill Commands:: Commands to refill paragraphs and center lines. |
8838673e | 581 | * Fill Prefix:: Filling paragraphs that are indented |
8cf51b2c GM |
582 | or in a comment, etc. |
583 | * Adaptive Fill:: How Emacs can determine the fill prefix automatically. | |
8cf51b2c GM |
584 | |
585 | Outline Mode | |
586 | ||
753ad1de | 587 | * Outline Format:: What the text of an outline looks like. |
8838673e | 588 | * Outline Motion:: Special commands for moving through |
753ad1de GM |
589 | outlines. |
590 | * Outline Visibility:: Commands to control what is visible. | |
591 | * Outline Views:: Outlines and multiple views. | |
592 | * Foldout:: Folding means zooming in on outlines. | |
8cf51b2c GM |
593 | |
594 | @TeX{} Mode | |
595 | ||
753ad1de GM |
596 | * TeX Editing:: Special commands for editing in TeX mode. |
597 | * LaTeX Editing:: Additional commands for LaTeX input files. | |
598 | * TeX Print:: Commands for printing part of a file with TeX. | |
599 | * TeX Misc:: Customization of TeX mode, and related features. | |
8cf51b2c GM |
600 | |
601 | Editing Formatted Text | |
602 | ||
603 | * Requesting Formatted Text:: Entering and exiting Enriched mode. | |
604 | * Hard and Soft Newlines:: There are two different kinds of newlines. | |
605 | * Editing Format Info:: How to edit text properties. | |
753ad1de GM |
606 | * Format Faces:: Bold, italic, underline, etc. |
607 | * Format Colors:: Changing the color of text. | |
608 | * Format Indentation:: Changing the left and right margins. | |
609 | * Format Justification:: Centering, setting text flush with the | |
8cf51b2c | 610 | left or right margin, etc. |
753ad1de | 611 | * Format Properties:: The "special" text properties submenu. |
8cf51b2c GM |
612 | * Forcing Enriched Mode:: How to force use of Enriched mode. |
613 | ||
753ad1de GM |
614 | @c The automatic texinfo menu update inserts some duplicate items here |
615 | @c (faces, colors, indentation, justification, properties), because | |
616 | @c they are listed in two menus. But we already have them above, no | |
617 | @c need to list them twice. | |
618 | ||
8cf51b2c GM |
619 | Editing Text-based Tables |
620 | ||
621 | * Table Definition:: What is a text based table. | |
622 | * Table Creation:: How to create a table. | |
623 | * Table Recognition:: How to activate and deactivate tables. | |
624 | * Cell Commands:: Cell-oriented commands in a table. | |
625 | * Cell Justification:: Justifying cell contents. | |
626 | * Row Commands:: Manipulating rows of table cell. | |
627 | * Column Commands:: Manipulating columns of table cell. | |
628 | * Fixed Width Mode:: Fixing cell width. | |
629 | * Table Conversion:: Converting between plain text and tables. | |
630 | * Measuring Tables:: Analyzing table dimension. | |
631 | * Table Misc:: Table miscellany. | |
632 | ||
633 | Editing Programs | |
634 | ||
635 | * Program Modes:: Major modes for editing programs. | |
636 | * Defuns:: Commands to operate on major top-level parts | |
637 | of a program. | |
638 | * Program Indent:: Adjusting indentation to show the nesting. | |
639 | * Parentheses:: Commands that operate on parentheses. | |
8838673e | 640 | * Comments:: Inserting, killing, and aligning comments. |
8cf51b2c GM |
641 | * Documentation:: Getting documentation of functions you plan to call. |
642 | * Hideshow:: Displaying blocks selectively. | |
643 | * Symbol Completion:: Completion on symbol names of your program or language. | |
644 | * Glasses:: Making identifiersLikeThis more readable. | |
a42dbee1 | 645 | * Semantic:: Suite of editing tools based on source code parsing. |
8cf51b2c GM |
646 | * Misc for Programs:: Other Emacs features useful for editing programs. |
647 | * C Modes:: Special commands of C, C++, Objective-C, | |
648 | Java, and Pike modes. | |
649 | * Asm Mode:: Asm mode and its special features. | |
650 | * Fortran:: Fortran mode and its special features. | |
651 | ||
652 | Top-Level Definitions, or Defuns | |
653 | ||
654 | * Left Margin Paren:: An open-paren or similar opening delimiter | |
655 | starts a defun if it is at the left margin. | |
656 | * Moving by Defuns:: Commands to move over or mark a major definition. | |
657 | * Imenu:: Making buffer indexes as menus. | |
658 | * Which Function:: Which Function mode shows which function you are in. | |
659 | ||
660 | Indentation for Programs | |
661 | ||
8838673e | 662 | * Basic Indent:: Indenting a single line. |
8cf51b2c | 663 | * Multi-line Indent:: Commands to reindent many lines at once. |
8838673e GM |
664 | * Lisp Indent:: Specifying how each Lisp function should be indented. |
665 | * C Indent:: Extra features for indenting C and related modes. | |
666 | * Custom C Indent:: Controlling indentation style for C and related modes. | |
8cf51b2c GM |
667 | |
668 | Commands for Editing with Parentheses | |
669 | ||
670 | * Expressions:: Expressions with balanced parentheses. | |
671 | * Moving by Parens:: Commands for moving up, down and across | |
672 | in the structure of parentheses. | |
8838673e | 673 | * Matching:: Insertion of a close-delimiter flashes matching open. |
8cf51b2c GM |
674 | |
675 | Manipulating Comments | |
676 | ||
677 | * Comment Commands:: Inserting, killing, and aligning comments. | |
678 | * Multi-Line Comments:: Commands for adding and editing multi-line comments. | |
679 | * Options for Comments::Customizing the comment features. | |
680 | ||
681 | Documentation Lookup | |
682 | ||
683 | * Info Lookup:: Looking up library functions and commands | |
684 | in Info files. | |
685 | * Man Page:: Looking up man pages of library functions and commands. | |
686 | * Lisp Doc:: Looking up Emacs Lisp functions, etc. | |
687 | ||
688 | C and Related Modes | |
689 | ||
690 | * Motion in C:: Commands to move by C statements, etc. | |
691 | * Electric C:: Colon and other chars can automatically reindent. | |
692 | * Hungry Delete:: A more powerful DEL command. | |
693 | * Other C Commands:: Filling comments, viewing expansion of macros, | |
694 | and other neat features. | |
695 | ||
753ad1de GM |
696 | Fortran Mode |
697 | ||
8838673e GM |
698 | * Fortran Motion:: Moving point by statements or subprograms. |
699 | * Fortran Indent:: Indentation commands for Fortran. | |
700 | * Fortran Comments:: Inserting and aligning comments. | |
701 | * Fortran Autofill:: Auto fill support for Fortran. | |
702 | * Fortran Columns:: Measuring columns for valid Fortran. | |
703 | * Fortran Abbrev:: Built-in abbrevs for Fortran keywords. | |
753ad1de GM |
704 | |
705 | Fortran Indentation | |
706 | ||
707 | * ForIndent Commands:: Commands for indenting and filling Fortran. | |
708 | * ForIndent Cont:: How continuation lines indent. | |
709 | * ForIndent Num:: How line numbers auto-indent. | |
710 | * ForIndent Conv:: Conventions you must obey to avoid trouble. | |
711 | * ForIndent Vars:: Variables controlling Fortran indent style. | |
712 | ||
8cf51b2c GM |
713 | Compiling and Testing Programs |
714 | ||
8838673e GM |
715 | * Compilation:: Compiling programs in languages other |
716 | than Lisp (C, Pascal, etc.). | |
8cf51b2c GM |
717 | * Compilation Mode:: The mode for visiting compiler errors. |
718 | * Compilation Shell:: Customizing your shell properly | |
719 | for use in the compilation buffer. | |
720 | * Grep Searching:: Searching with grep. | |
721 | * Flymake:: Finding syntax errors on the fly. | |
8838673e GM |
722 | * Debuggers:: Running symbolic debuggers for non-Lisp programs. |
723 | * Executing Lisp:: Various modes for editing Lisp programs, | |
724 | with different facilities for running | |
725 | the Lisp programs. | |
8cf51b2c | 726 | * Lisp Libraries:: Creating Lisp programs to run in Emacs. |
8838673e | 727 | * Lisp Eval:: Executing a single Lisp expression in Emacs. |
8cf51b2c | 728 | * Lisp Interaction:: Executing Lisp in an Emacs buffer. |
8838673e | 729 | * External Lisp:: Communicating through Emacs with a separate Lisp. |
8cf51b2c GM |
730 | |
731 | Running Debuggers Under Emacs | |
732 | ||
8838673e GM |
733 | * Starting GUD:: How to start a debugger subprocess. |
734 | * Debugger Operation:: Connection between the debugger and source buffers. | |
735 | * Commands of GUD:: Key bindings for common commands. | |
736 | * GUD Customization:: Defining your own commands for GUD. | |
8cf51b2c GM |
737 | * GDB Graphical Interface:: An enhanced mode that uses GDB features to |
738 | implement a graphical debugging environment through | |
739 | Emacs. | |
740 | ||
753ad1de GM |
741 | GDB Graphical Interface |
742 | ||
22ef1944 | 743 | * GDB User Interface Layout:: Control the number of displayed buffers. |
691cf4a0 NR |
744 | * Source Buffers:: Use the mouse in the fringe/margin to |
745 | control your program. | |
746 | * Breakpoints Buffer:: A breakpoint control panel. | |
747 | * Threads Buffer:: Displays your threads. | |
748 | * Stack Buffer:: Select a frame from the call stack. | |
22ef1944 | 749 | * Other GDB Buffers:: Input/output, locals, registers, |
691cf4a0 NR |
750 | assembler, threads and memory buffers. |
751 | * Watch Expressions:: Monitor variable values in the speedbar. | |
752 | * Multithreaded Debugging:: Debugging programs with several threads. | |
753ad1de | 753 | |
8cf51b2c GM |
754 | Maintaining Large Programs |
755 | ||
753ad1de | 756 | * Version Control:: Using version control systems. |
8838673e GM |
757 | * Change Log:: Maintaining a change history for your program. |
758 | * Tags:: Go directly to any function in your program in one | |
759 | command. Tags remembers which file it is in. | |
a42dbee1 | 760 | * EDE:: An integrated development environment for Emacs. |
8cf51b2c GM |
761 | * Emerge:: A convenient way of merging two versions of a program. |
762 | ||
1963ba49 CY |
763 | Version Control |
764 | ||
765 | * Introduction to VC:: How version control works in general. | |
766 | * VC Mode Line:: How the mode line shows version control status. | |
767 | * Basic VC Editing:: How to edit a file under version control. | |
1aaae3f3 | 768 | * Log Buffer:: Features available in log entry buffers. |
753ad1de | 769 | * Old Revisions:: Examining and comparing old versions. |
1963ba49 | 770 | * Secondary VC Commands:: The commands used a little less frequently. |
753ad1de | 771 | * VC Directory Mode:: Listing files managed by version control. |
1963ba49 CY |
772 | * Branches:: Multiple lines of development. |
773 | * Remote Repositories:: Efficient access to remote CVS servers. | |
753ad1de | 774 | * Revision Tags:: Symbolic names for revisions. |
1963ba49 CY |
775 | * Miscellaneous VC:: Various other commands and features of VC. |
776 | * Customizing VC:: Variables that change VC's behavior. | |
753ad1de GM |
777 | |
778 | Introduction to Version Control | |
779 | ||
780 | * Why Version Control?:: Understanding the problems it addresses. | |
781 | * Version Control Systems:: Supported version control back-end systems. | |
782 | * VCS Concepts:: Words and concepts related to version control. | |
1aaae3f3 CY |
783 | * VCS Merging:: How file conflicts are handled. |
784 | * VCS Changesets:: Changesets in version control. | |
785 | * VCS Repositories:: Where version control repositories are stored. | |
753ad1de GM |
786 | * Types of Log File:: The VCS log in contrast to the ChangeLog. |
787 | ||
788 | Basic Editing under Version Control | |
789 | ||
790 | * VC With A Merging VCS:: Without locking: default mode for CVS. | |
791 | * VC With A Locking VCS:: RCS in its default mode, SCCS, and optionally CVS. | |
792 | * Advanced C-x v v:: Advanced features available with a prefix argument. | |
753ad1de GM |
793 | |
794 | The Secondary Commands of VC | |
795 | ||
796 | * Registering:: Putting a file under version control. | |
c0c035fa | 797 | * VC Change Log:: Viewing the VC Change Log. |
753ad1de GM |
798 | * VC Undo:: Canceling changes before or after check-in. |
799 | ||
800 | VC Directory Mode | |
801 | ||
802 | * VC Directory Buffer:: What the buffer looks like and means. | |
803 | * VC Directory Commands:: Commands to use in a VC directory buffer. | |
804 | ||
805 | Multiple Branches of a File | |
806 | ||
807 | * Switching Branches:: How to get to another existing branch. | |
808 | * Creating Branches:: How to start a new branch. | |
809 | * Merging:: Transferring changes between branches. | |
810 | * Multi-User Branching:: Multiple users working at multiple branches | |
811 | in parallel. | |
812 | ||
813 | Remote Repositories | |
814 | ||
815 | * Version Backups:: Keeping local copies of repository versions. | |
816 | * Local Version Control:: Using another version system for local editing. | |
817 | ||
818 | Revision Tags | |
819 | ||
820 | * Making Revision Tags:: The tag facilities. | |
821 | * Revision Tag Caveats:: Things to be careful of when using tags. | |
822 | ||
823 | Miscellaneous Commands and Features of VC | |
824 | ||
825 | * Change Logs and VC:: Generating a change log file from log entries. | |
826 | * Renaming and VC:: A command to rename both the source and master | |
827 | file correctly. | |
828 | * Version Headers:: Inserting version control headers into working files. | |
829 | ||
830 | Customizing VC | |
831 | ||
832 | * General VC Options:: Options that apply to multiple back ends. | |
833 | * RCS and SCCS:: Options for RCS and SCCS. | |
834 | * CVS Options:: Options for CVS. | |
835 | ||
836 | Change Logs | |
837 | ||
838 | * Change Log Commands:: Commands for editing change log files. | |
839 | * Format of ChangeLog:: What the change log file looks like. | |
1963ba49 | 840 | |
8cf51b2c GM |
841 | Tags Tables |
842 | ||
8838673e GM |
843 | * Tag Syntax:: Tag syntax for various types of code and text files. |
844 | * Create Tags Table:: Creating a tags table with @code{etags}. | |
8cf51b2c | 845 | * Etags Regexps:: Create arbitrary tags using regular expressions. |
8838673e GM |
846 | * Select Tags Table:: How to visit a tags table. |
847 | * Find Tag:: Commands to find the definition of a specific tag. | |
848 | * Tags Search:: Using a tags table for searching and replacing. | |
849 | * List Tags:: Listing and finding tags defined in a file. | |
8cf51b2c | 850 | |
753ad1de GM |
851 | Merging Files with Emerge |
852 | ||
8838673e GM |
853 | * Overview of Emerge:: How to start Emerge. Basic concepts. |
854 | * Submodes of Emerge:: Fast mode vs. Edit mode. | |
855 | Skip Prefers mode and Auto Advance mode. | |
856 | * State of Difference:: You do the merge by specifying state A or B | |
857 | for each difference. | |
858 | * Merge Commands:: Commands for selecting a difference, | |
859 | changing states of differences, etc. | |
860 | * Exiting Emerge:: What to do when you've finished the merge. | |
861 | * Combining in Emerge:: How to keep both alternatives for a difference. | |
753ad1de GM |
862 | * Fine Points of Emerge:: Miscellaneous issues. |
863 | ||
8cf51b2c GM |
864 | Abbrevs |
865 | ||
866 | * Abbrev Concepts:: Fundamentals of defined abbrevs. | |
867 | * Defining Abbrevs:: Defining an abbrev, so it will expand when typed. | |
868 | * Expanding Abbrevs:: Controlling expansion: prefixes, canceling expansion. | |
869 | * Editing Abbrevs:: Viewing or editing the entire list of defined abbrevs. | |
870 | * Saving Abbrevs:: Saving the entire list of abbrevs for another session. | |
871 | * Dynamic Abbrevs:: Abbreviations for words already in the buffer. | |
872 | * Dabbrev Customization:: What is a word, for dynamic abbrevs. Case handling. | |
873 | ||
874 | @ifnottex | |
875 | Editing Pictures | |
876 | ||
877 | * Basic Picture:: Basic concepts and simple commands of Picture Mode. | |
878 | * Insert in Picture:: Controlling direction of cursor motion | |
879 | after "self-inserting" characters. | |
880 | * Tabs in Picture:: Various features for tab stops and indentation. | |
881 | * Rectangles in Picture:: Clearing and superimposing rectangles. | |
882 | @end ifnottex | |
883 | ||
8cf51b2c GM |
884 | Dired, the Directory Editor |
885 | ||
8838673e | 886 | * Dired Enter:: How to invoke Dired. |
753ad1de | 887 | * Dired Navigation:: Special motion commands in the Dired buffer. |
8cf51b2c GM |
888 | * Dired Deletion:: Deleting files with Dired. |
889 | * Flagging Many Files:: Flagging files based on their names. | |
890 | * Dired Visiting:: Other file operations through Dired. | |
8838673e GM |
891 | * Marks vs Flags:: Flagging for deletion vs marking. |
892 | * Operating on Files:: How to copy, rename, print, compress, etc. | |
893 | either one file or several files. | |
8cf51b2c GM |
894 | * Shell Commands in Dired:: Running a shell command on the marked files. |
895 | * Transforming File Names:: Using patterns to rename multiple files. | |
8838673e | 896 | * Comparison in Dired:: Running `diff' by way of Dired. |
8cf51b2c GM |
897 | * Subdirectories in Dired:: Adding subdirectories to the Dired buffer. |
898 | * Subdir Switches:: Subdirectory switches in Dired. | |
8838673e | 899 | * Subdirectory Motion:: Moving across subdirectories, and up and down. |
8cf51b2c GM |
900 | * Hiding Subdirectories:: Making subdirectories visible or invisible. |
901 | * Dired Updating:: Discarding lines for files of no interest. | |
8838673e | 902 | * Dired and Find:: Using `find' to choose the files for Dired. |
8cf51b2c | 903 | * Wdired:: Operating on files by editing the Dired buffer. |
753ad1de | 904 | * Image-Dired:: Viewing image thumbnails in Dired. |
8cf51b2c GM |
905 | * Misc Dired Features:: Various other features. |
906 | ||
907 | The Calendar and the Diary | |
908 | ||
909 | * Calendar Motion:: Moving through the calendar; selecting a date. | |
910 | * Scroll Calendar:: Bringing earlier or later months onto the screen. | |
911 | * Counting Days:: How many days are there between two dates? | |
912 | * General Calendar:: Exiting or recomputing the calendar. | |
913 | * Writing Calendar Files:: Writing calendars to files of various formats. | |
914 | * Holidays:: Displaying dates of holidays. | |
915 | * Sunrise/Sunset:: Displaying local times of sunrise and sunset. | |
916 | * Lunar Phases:: Displaying phases of the moon. | |
917 | * Other Calendars:: Converting dates to other calendar systems. | |
918 | * Diary:: Displaying events from your diary. | |
8838673e | 919 | * Appointments:: Reminders when it's time to do something. |
8cf51b2c GM |
920 | * Importing Diary:: Converting diary events to/from other formats. |
921 | * Daylight Saving:: How to specify when daylight saving time is active. | |
922 | * Time Intervals:: Keeping track of time intervals. | |
923 | * Advanced Calendar/Diary Usage:: Advanced Calendar/Diary customization. | |
924 | ||
925 | Movement in the Calendar | |
926 | ||
927 | * Calendar Unit Motion:: Moving by days, weeks, months, and years. | |
928 | * Move to Beginning or End:: Moving to start/end of weeks, months, and years. | |
8838673e GM |
929 | * Specified Dates:: Moving to the current date or another |
930 | specific date. | |
8cf51b2c GM |
931 | |
932 | Conversion To and From Other Calendars | |
933 | ||
8838673e GM |
934 | * Calendar Systems:: The calendars Emacs understands |
935 | (aside from Gregorian). | |
936 | * To Other Calendar:: Converting the selected date to various calendars. | |
937 | * From Other Calendar:: Moving to a date specified in another calendar. | |
938 | * Mayan Calendar:: Moving to a date specified in a Mayan calendar. | |
8cf51b2c GM |
939 | |
940 | The Diary | |
941 | ||
942 | * Displaying the Diary:: Viewing diary entries and associated calendar dates. | |
943 | * Format of Diary File:: Entering events in your diary. | |
8838673e GM |
944 | * Date Formats:: Various ways you can specify dates. |
945 | * Adding to Diary:: Commands to create diary entries. | |
8cf51b2c GM |
946 | * Special Diary Entries:: Anniversaries, blocks of dates, cyclic entries, etc. |
947 | ||
753ad1de GM |
948 | Customizing the Calendar and Diary |
949 | ||
950 | * Calendar Customizing:: Calendar layout and hooks. | |
951 | * Holiday Customizing:: Defining your own holidays. | |
952 | * Date Display Format:: Changing the format. | |
953 | * Time Display Format:: Changing the format. | |
954 | * Diary Customizing:: Defaults you can set. | |
955 | * Non-Gregorian Diary:: Diary entries based on other calendars. | |
806642d4 GM |
956 | * Diary Display:: A choice of ways to display the diary. |
957 | * Fancy Diary Display:: Sorting diary entries, using included diary files. | |
958 | * Sexp Diary Entries:: More flexible diary entries. | |
753ad1de GM |
959 | |
960 | Document Viewing | |
3f6db393 | 961 | |
8838673e GM |
962 | * Navigation:: Navigation inside DocView buffers. |
963 | * Searching:: Searching inside documents. | |
964 | * Slicing:: Specifying which part of pages should be displayed. | |
965 | * Conversion:: Influencing and triggering conversion. | |
3f6db393 | 966 | |
e0b1591b CY |
967 | Sending Mail |
968 | ||
969 | * Mail Format:: Format of the mail being composed. | |
970 | * Mail Headers:: Details of some standard mail header fields. | |
971 | * Mail Aliases:: Abbreviating and grouping mail addresses. | |
972 | * Mail Commands:: Special commands for editing mail being composed. | |
973 | * Mail Signature:: Adding a signature to every message. | |
974 | * Mail Amusements:: Distracting the NSA; adding fortune messages. | |
975 | * Mail Methods:: Using alternative mail-composition methods. | |
976 | ||
977 | Mail Commands | |
978 | ||
979 | * Mail Sending:: Commands to send the message. | |
980 | * Header Editing:: Commands to move to header fields and edit them. | |
981 | * Citing Mail:: Quoting a message you are replying to. | |
982 | * Mail Misc:: Attachments, spell checking, etc. | |
983 | ||
984 | Reading Mail with Rmail | |
985 | ||
986 | * Rmail Basics:: Basic concepts of Rmail, and simple use. | |
987 | * Rmail Scrolling:: Scrolling through a message. | |
988 | * Rmail Motion:: Moving to another message. | |
989 | * Rmail Deletion:: Deleting and expunging messages. | |
990 | * Rmail Inbox:: How mail gets into the Rmail file. | |
991 | * Rmail Files:: Using multiple Rmail files. | |
992 | * Rmail Output:: Copying message out to files. | |
993 | * Rmail Labels:: Classifying messages by labeling them. | |
994 | * Rmail Attributes:: Certain standard labels, called attributes. | |
995 | * Rmail Reply:: Sending replies to messages you are viewing. | |
996 | * Rmail Summary:: Summaries show brief info on many messages. | |
997 | * Rmail Sorting:: Sorting messages in Rmail. | |
998 | * Rmail Display:: How Rmail displays a message; customization. | |
999 | * Rmail Coding:: How Rmail handles decoding character sets. | |
1000 | * Rmail Editing:: Editing message text and headers in Rmail. | |
1001 | * Rmail Digest:: Extracting the messages from a digest message. | |
1002 | * Rmail Rot13:: Reading messages encoded in the rot13 code. | |
1003 | * Movemail:: More details of fetching new mail. | |
1004 | * Remote Mailboxes:: Retrieving mail from remote mailboxes. | |
1005 | * Other Mailbox Formats:: Retrieving mail from local mailboxes in | |
1006 | various formats. | |
1007 | ||
1008 | Rmail Summaries | |
1009 | ||
1010 | * Rmail Make Summary:: Making various sorts of summaries. | |
1011 | * Rmail Summary Edit:: Manipulating messages from the summary. | |
1012 | ||
8cf51b2c GM |
1013 | Gnus |
1014 | ||
8838673e GM |
1015 | * Buffers of Gnus:: The group, summary, and article buffers. |
1016 | * Gnus Startup:: What you should know about starting Gnus. | |
1017 | * Summary of Gnus:: A short description of the basic Gnus commands. | |
8cf51b2c GM |
1018 | |
1019 | Running Shell Commands from Emacs | |
1020 | ||
8838673e GM |
1021 | * Single Shell:: How to run one shell command and return. |
1022 | * Interactive Shell:: Permanent shell taking input via Emacs. | |
1023 | * Shell Mode:: Special Emacs commands used with permanent shell. | |
8cf51b2c GM |
1024 | * Shell Prompts:: Two ways to recognize shell prompts. |
1025 | * Shell History:: Repeating previous commands in a shell buffer. | |
1026 | * Directory Tracking:: Keeping track when the subshell changes directory. | |
1027 | * Shell Options:: Options for customizing Shell mode. | |
1028 | * Terminal emulator:: An Emacs window as a terminal emulator. | |
1029 | * Term Mode:: Special Emacs commands used in Term mode. | |
1030 | * Paging in Term:: Paging in the terminal emulator. | |
8838673e | 1031 | * Remote Host:: Connecting to another computer. |
37e5d54a | 1032 | * Serial Terminal:: Connecting to a serial port. |
8cf51b2c | 1033 | |
753ad1de GM |
1034 | Shell Command History |
1035 | ||
1036 | * Shell Ring:: Fetching commands from the history list. | |
1037 | * Shell History Copying::Moving to a command and then copying it. | |
1038 | * History References:: Expanding @samp{!}-style history references. | |
1039 | ||
8cf51b2c GM |
1040 | Using Emacs as a Server |
1041 | ||
e670e599 CY |
1042 | * Invoking emacsclient:: Connecting to the Emacs server. |
1043 | * emacsclient Options:: Emacs client startup options. | |
8cf51b2c GM |
1044 | |
1045 | Printing Hard Copies | |
1046 | ||
8838673e | 1047 | * PostScript:: Printing buffers or regions as PostScript. |
8cf51b2c GM |
1048 | * PostScript Variables:: Customizing the PostScript printing commands. |
1049 | * Printing Package:: An optional advanced printing interface. | |
1050 | ||
1051 | Hyperlinking and Navigation Features | |
1052 | ||
1053 | * Browse-URL:: Following URLs. | |
60d8d164 | 1054 | * Goto Address mode:: Activating URLs. |
8cf51b2c GM |
1055 | * FFAP:: Finding files etc. at point. |
1056 | ||
ddb54206 CY |
1057 | Emacs Lisp Packages |
1058 | ||
1059 | * Package Menu:: Buffer for viewing and managing packages. | |
1060 | * Package Installation:: Options for package installation. | |
1061 | * Package Files:: Where packages are installed. | |
1062 | ||
8cf51b2c GM |
1063 | Customization |
1064 | ||
753ad1de | 1065 | * Easy Customization:: Convenient way to browse and change settings. |
8838673e GM |
1066 | * Variables:: Many Emacs commands examine Emacs variables |
1067 | to decide what to do; by setting variables, | |
1068 | you can control their functioning. | |
6cfd0fa2 | 1069 | * Key Bindings:: Keymaps say what command each key runs. |
f584ca38 | 1070 | By changing them, you can "redefine" keys. |
8838673e GM |
1071 | * Init File:: How to write common customizations in the |
1072 | @file{.emacs} file. | |
8cf51b2c | 1073 | |
753ad1de GM |
1074 | Easy Customization Interface |
1075 | ||
1076 | * Customization Groups:: How settings are classified in a structure. | |
1077 | * Browsing Custom:: Browsing and searching for settings. | |
1078 | * Changing a Variable:: How to edit an option's value and set the option. | |
1079 | * Saving Customizations:: Specifying the file for saving customizations. | |
1080 | * Face Customization:: How to edit the attributes of a face. | |
1081 | * Specific Customization:: Making a customization buffer for specific | |
1082 | variables, faces, or groups. | |
1083 | * Custom Themes:: How to define collections of customized options | |
1084 | that can be loaded and unloaded together. | |
1085 | ||
8cf51b2c GM |
1086 | Variables |
1087 | ||
8838673e GM |
1088 | * Examining:: Examining or setting one variable's value. |
1089 | * Hooks:: Hook variables let you specify programs for parts | |
1090 | of Emacs to run on particular occasions. | |
1091 | * Locals:: Per-buffer values of variables. | |
8cf51b2c | 1092 | * File Variables:: How files can specify variable values. |
753ad1de GM |
1093 | * Directory Variables:: How variable values can be specified by directory. |
1094 | ||
1095 | Local Variables in Files | |
1096 | ||
1097 | * Specifying File Variables:: Specifying file local variables. | |
1098 | * Safe File Variables:: Making sure file local variables are safe. | |
8cf51b2c GM |
1099 | |
1100 | Customizing Key Bindings | |
1101 | ||
1102 | * Keymaps:: Generalities. The global keymap. | |
1103 | * Prefix Keymaps:: Keymaps for prefix keys. | |
1104 | * Local Keymaps:: Major and minor modes have their own keymaps. | |
1105 | * Minibuffer Maps:: The minibuffer uses its own local keymaps. | |
1106 | * Rebinding:: How to redefine one key's meaning conveniently. | |
1107 | * Init Rebinding:: Rebinding keys with your init file, @file{.emacs}. | |
f049d162 | 1108 | * Modifier Keys:: Using modifier keys in key bindings. |
8cf51b2c GM |
1109 | * Function Keys:: Rebinding terminal function keys. |
1110 | * Named ASCII Chars:: Distinguishing @key{TAB} from @kbd{C-i}, and so on. | |
1111 | * Mouse Buttons:: Rebinding mouse buttons in Emacs. | |
1112 | * Disabling:: Disabling a command means confirmation is required | |
1113 | before it can be executed. This is done to protect | |
1114 | beginners from surprises. | |
1115 | ||
1116 | The Init File, @file{~/.emacs} | |
1117 | ||
8838673e | 1118 | * Init Syntax:: Syntax of constants in Emacs Lisp. |
8cf51b2c GM |
1119 | * Init Examples:: How to do some things with an init file. |
1120 | * Terminal Init:: Each terminal type can have an init file. | |
8838673e | 1121 | * Find Init:: How Emacs finds the init file. |
8cf51b2c GM |
1122 | * Init Non-ASCII:: Using non-@acronym{ASCII} characters in an init file. |
1123 | ||
1124 | Dealing with Emacs Trouble | |
1125 | ||
1126 | * DEL Does Not Delete:: What to do if @key{DEL} doesn't delete. | |
1127 | * Stuck Recursive:: `[...]' in mode line around the parentheses. | |
1128 | * Screen Garbled:: Garbage on the screen. | |
1129 | * Text Garbled:: Garbage in the text. | |
1130 | * Memory Full:: How to cope when you run out of memory. | |
1131 | * After a Crash:: Recovering editing in an Emacs session that crashed. | |
1132 | * Emergency Escape:: Emergency escape--- | |
1133 | What to do if Emacs stops responding. | |
1134 | * Total Frustration:: When you are at your wits' end. | |
1135 | ||
1136 | Reporting Bugs | |
1137 | ||
63e1eaa1 | 1138 | * Known Problems:: How to read about known problems and bugs. |
8cf51b2c | 1139 | * Bug Criteria:: Have you really found a bug? |
8838673e GM |
1140 | * Understanding Bug Reporting:: How to report a bug effectively. |
1141 | * Checklist:: Steps to follow for a good bug report. | |
1142 | * Sending Patches:: How to send a patch for GNU Emacs. | |
8cf51b2c GM |
1143 | |
1144 | Command Line Arguments for Emacs Invocation | |
1145 | ||
8838673e GM |
1146 | * Action Arguments:: Arguments to visit files, load libraries, |
1147 | and call functions. | |
8cf51b2c GM |
1148 | * Initial Options:: Arguments that take effect while starting Emacs. |
1149 | * Command Example:: Examples of using command line arguments. | |
8838673e | 1150 | * Resume Arguments:: Specifying arguments when you resume a running Emacs. |
8cf51b2c GM |
1151 | * Environment:: Environment variables that Emacs uses. |
1152 | * Display X:: Changing the default display and using remote login. | |
8838673e GM |
1153 | * Font X:: Choosing a font for text, under X. |
1154 | * Colors:: Choosing display colors. | |
8cf51b2c | 1155 | * Window Size X:: Start-up window size, under X. |
8838673e | 1156 | * Borders X:: Internal and external borders, under X. |
8cf51b2c GM |
1157 | * Title X:: Specifying the initial frame's title. |
1158 | * Icons X:: Choosing what sort of icon to use, under X. | |
1159 | * Misc X:: Other display options. | |
1160 | ||
1161 | Environment Variables | |
1162 | ||
8838673e GM |
1163 | * General Variables:: Environment variables that all versions of Emacs use. |
1164 | * Misc Variables:: Certain system-specific variables. | |
8cf51b2c GM |
1165 | * MS-Windows Registry:: An alternative to the environment on MS-Windows. |
1166 | ||
1167 | X Options and Resources | |
1168 | ||
1169 | * Resources:: Using X resources with Emacs (in general). | |
1170 | * Table of Resources:: Table of specific X resources that affect Emacs. | |
1171 | * Face Resources:: X resources for customizing faces. | |
1172 | * Lucid Resources:: X resources for Lucid menus. | |
1173 | * LessTif Resources:: X resources for LessTif and Motif menus. | |
1174 | * GTK resources:: Resources for GTK widgets. | |
1175 | ||
753ad1de GM |
1176 | GTK resources |
1177 | ||
1178 | * GTK widget names:: How widgets in GTK are named in general. | |
1179 | * GTK Names in Emacs:: GTK widget names in Emacs. | |
1180 | * GTK styles:: What can be customized in a GTK widget. | |
1181 | ||
e93bc142 | 1182 | Emacs and Mac OS / GNUstep |
8cf51b2c | 1183 | |
753ad1de GM |
1184 | * Mac / GNUstep Basics:: Basic Emacs usage under GNUstep or Mac OS. |
1185 | * Mac / GNUstep Customization:: Customizations under GNUstep or Mac OS. | |
1186 | * Mac / GNUstep Events:: How window system events are handled. | |
1187 | * GNUstep Support:: Details on status of GNUstep support. | |
8cf51b2c GM |
1188 | |
1189 | Emacs and Microsoft Windows/MS-DOS | |
1190 | ||
62d72a4a | 1191 | * Windows Startup:: How to start Emacs on Windows. |
8cf51b2c GM |
1192 | * Text and Binary:: Text files use CRLF to terminate lines. |
1193 | * Windows Files:: File-name conventions on Windows. | |
1194 | * ls in Lisp:: Emulation of @code{ls} for Dired. | |
1195 | * Windows HOME:: Where Emacs looks for your @file{.emacs}. | |
1196 | * Windows Keyboard:: Windows-specific keyboard features. | |
1197 | * Windows Mouse:: Windows-specific mouse features. | |
1198 | * Windows Processes:: Running subprocesses on Windows. | |
1199 | * Windows Printing:: How to specify the printer on MS-Windows. | |
753ad1de | 1200 | * Windows Fonts:: Specifying fonts on MS-Windows. |
8cf51b2c GM |
1201 | * Windows Misc:: Miscellaneous Windows features. |
1202 | * MS-DOS:: Using Emacs on MS-DOS (otherwise known as @dfn{MS-DOG}). | |
753ad1de GM |
1203 | |
1204 | Emacs and MS-DOS | |
1205 | ||
1206 | * MS-DOS Keyboard:: Keyboard conventions on MS-DOS. | |
1207 | * MS-DOS Mouse:: Mouse conventions on MS-DOS. | |
1208 | * MS-DOS Display:: Fonts, frames and display size on MS-DOS. | |
1209 | * MS-DOS File Names:: File name conventions on MS-DOS. | |
1210 | * MS-DOS Printing:: Printing specifics on MS-DOS. | |
1211 | * MS-DOS and MULE:: Support for internationalization on MS-DOS. | |
1212 | * MS-DOS Processes:: Running subprocesses on MS-DOS. | |
1213 | ||
8cf51b2c GM |
1214 | @end detailmenu |
1215 | @end menu | |
1216 | ||
1217 | @iftex | |
1218 | @unnumbered Preface | |
1219 | ||
1220 | This manual documents the use and simple customization of the Emacs | |
1221 | editor. Simple Emacs customizations do not require you to be a | |
1222 | programmer, but if you are not interested in customizing, you can | |
1223 | ignore the customization hints. | |
1224 | ||
1225 | This is primarily a reference manual, but can also be used as a | |
1226 | primer. If you are new to Emacs, we recommend you start with | |
753ad1de | 1227 | the integrated, learn-by-doing tutorial, before reading the manual. To |
8cf51b2c GM |
1228 | run the tutorial, start Emacs and type @kbd{C-h t}. The tutorial |
1229 | describes commands, tells you when to try them, and explains the | |
1230 | results. | |
1231 | ||
1232 | On first reading, just skim chapters 1 and 2, which describe the | |
1233 | notational conventions of the manual and the general appearance of the | |
1234 | Emacs display screen. Note which questions are answered in these | |
1235 | chapters, so you can refer back later. After reading chapter 4, you | |
1236 | should practice the commands shown there. The next few chapters | |
1237 | describe fundamental techniques and concepts that are used constantly. | |
1238 | You need to understand them thoroughly, so experiment with them | |
1239 | until you are fluent. | |
1240 | ||
1241 | Chapters 14 through 19 describe intermediate-level features that are | |
1242 | useful for many kinds of editing. Chapter 20 and following chapters | |
1243 | describe optional but useful features; read those chapters when you | |
1244 | need them. | |
1245 | ||
753ad1de GM |
1246 | Read the Common Problems chapter if Emacs does not seem to be |
1247 | working properly. It explains how to cope with several common | |
1248 | problems (@pxref{Lossage}), as well as when and how to report Emacs | |
1249 | bugs (@pxref{Bugs}). | |
8cf51b2c GM |
1250 | |
1251 | To find the documentation of a particular command, look in the index. | |
1252 | Keys (character commands) and command names have separate indexes. | |
1253 | There is also a glossary, with a cross reference for each term. | |
1254 | ||
1255 | This manual is available as a printed book and also as an Info file. | |
753ad1de GM |
1256 | The Info file is for use with the Info program, which is the principal |
1257 | means of accessing on-line documentation in the GNU system. Both the | |
1258 | Emacs Info file and an Info reader are included with GNU Emacs. The | |
1259 | Info file and the printed book contain substantially the same text and | |
1260 | are generated from the same source files, which are also distributed | |
1261 | with GNU Emacs. | |
8cf51b2c GM |
1262 | |
1263 | GNU Emacs is a member of the Emacs editor family. There are many | |
1264 | Emacs editors, all sharing common principles of organization. For | |
1265 | information on the underlying philosophy of Emacs and the lessons | |
1266 | learned from its development, see @cite{Emacs, the Extensible, | |
1267 | Customizable Self-Documenting Display Editor}, available from | |
1268 | @url{ftp://publications.ai.mit.edu/ai-publications/pdf/AIM-519A.pdf}. | |
1269 | ||
1270 | This edition of the manual is intended for use with GNU Emacs | |
7c2fb837 | 1271 | installed on GNU and Unix systems. GNU Emacs can also be used on |
8cf51b2c | 1272 | MS-DOS (also called MS-DOG), Microsoft Windows, and Macintosh systems. |
7c2fb837 DN |
1273 | Those systems use different file name syntax; in addition |
1274 | MS-DOS does not support all GNU Emacs features. @xref{Microsoft | |
8cf51b2c | 1275 | Windows}, for information about using Emacs on Windows. |
6b5a97b2 | 1276 | @xref{Mac OS / GNUstep}, for information about using Emacs on |
753ad1de | 1277 | Macintosh (and GNUstep). |
8cf51b2c GM |
1278 | @end iftex |
1279 | ||
1280 | @node Distrib, Intro, Top, Top | |
1281 | @unnumbered Distribution | |
1282 | ||
1283 | GNU Emacs is @dfn{free software}; this means that everyone is free to | |
1284 | use it and free to redistribute it on certain conditions. GNU Emacs | |
1285 | is not in the public domain; it is copyrighted and there are | |
1286 | restrictions on its distribution, but these restrictions are designed | |
1287 | to permit everything that a good cooperating citizen would want to do. | |
1288 | What is not allowed is to try to prevent others from further sharing | |
1289 | any version of GNU Emacs that they might get from you. The precise | |
1290 | conditions are found in the GNU General Public License that comes with | |
1291 | Emacs and also appears in this manual@footnote{This manual is itself | |
f43a822c KB |
1292 | covered by the GNU Free Documentation License (see the reverse title |
1293 | page in the printed manual or view the full source for online formats | |
1294 | to see the precise conditions). This license is similar in spirit to | |
1295 | the General Public License, but is more suitable for documentation. | |
1296 | @xref{GNU Free Documentation License}.}. @xref{Copying}. | |
8cf51b2c GM |
1297 | |
1298 | One way to get a copy of GNU Emacs is from someone else who has it. | |
1299 | You need not ask for our permission to do so, or tell any one else; | |
1300 | just copy it. If you have access to the Internet, you can get the | |
1301 | latest distribution version of GNU Emacs by anonymous FTP; see | |
1302 | @url{http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs} on our website for more | |
1303 | information. | |
1304 | ||
1305 | You may also receive GNU Emacs when you buy a computer. Computer | |
1306 | manufacturers are free to distribute copies on the same terms that apply to | |
1307 | everyone else. These terms require them to give you the full sources, | |
1308 | including whatever changes they may have made, and to permit you to | |
1309 | redistribute the GNU Emacs received from them under the usual terms of the | |
1310 | General Public License. In other words, the program must be free for you | |
1311 | when you get it, not just free for the manufacturer. | |
1312 | ||
753ad1de | 1313 | @c FIXME no longer true? |
8cf51b2c GM |
1314 | You can also order copies of GNU Emacs from the Free Software |
1315 | Foundation. This is a convenient and reliable way to get a copy; it is | |
1316 | also a good way to help fund our work. We also sell hardcopy versions | |
1317 | of this manual and @cite{An Introduction to Programming in Emacs Lisp}, | |
753ad1de GM |
1318 | by Robert J. Chassell. You can visit our online store at |
1319 | @url{http://shop.fsf.org/}. For further information, | |
8cf51b2c GM |
1320 | write to |
1321 | ||
1322 | @display | |
1323 | Free Software Foundation | |
1324 | 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor | |
1325 | Boston, MA 02110-1301 | |
1326 | USA | |
1327 | @end display | |
1328 | ||
753ad1de GM |
1329 | The income from sales goes to support the foundation's purpose: the |
1330 | development of new free software, and improvements to our existing | |
1331 | programs including GNU Emacs. | |
8cf51b2c | 1332 | |
753ad1de | 1333 | @c FIXME you can't order a CD any more. |
8cf51b2c GM |
1334 | If you find GNU Emacs useful, please @strong{send a donation} to the |
1335 | Free Software Foundation to support our work. Donations to the Free | |
1336 | Software Foundation are tax deductible in the US. If you use GNU Emacs | |
1337 | at your workplace, please suggest that the company make a donation. If | |
1338 | company policy is unsympathetic to the idea of donating to charity, you | |
1339 | might instead suggest ordering a CD-ROM from the Foundation | |
1340 | occasionally, or subscribing to periodic updates. | |
1341 | ||
1342 | @iftex | |
1343 | @node Acknowledgments, Intro, Distrib, Top | |
1344 | @unnumberedsec Acknowledgments | |
1345 | ||
1346 | Contributors to GNU Emacs include Jari Aalto, Per Abrahamsen, Tomas | |
8353da9c GM |
1347 | Abrahamsson, Jay K.@: Adams, Michael Albinus, Nagy Andras, Ralf Angeli, |
1348 | Joe Arceneaux, Miles Bader, David Bakhash, Juanma Barranquero, Eli | |
276bbe96 GM |
1349 | Barzilay, Thomas Baumann, Steven L.@: Baur, Jay Belanger, Alexander L.@: |
1350 | Belikoff, Boaz Ben-Zvi, Karl Berry, Anna M.@: Bigatti, Ray Blaak, Jim | |
5baee236 | 1351 |