Commit | Line | Data |
---|---|---|
7bc46ecc RW |
1 | \input texinfo |
2 | @c -*-texinfo-*- | |
3 | ||
4 | @c %**start of header | |
5 | @setfilename guix-cookbook.info | |
6 | @documentencoding UTF-8 | |
7 | @settitle GNU Guix Cookbook | |
8 | @c %**end of header | |
9 | ||
10 | @copying | |
11 | Copyright @copyright{} 2019 Ricardo Wurmus@* | |
12 | Copyright @copyright{} 2019 Efraim Flashner@* | |
13 | Copyright @copyright{} 2019 Pierre Neidhardt@* | |
65051fdc | 14 | Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Oleg Pykhalov@* |
60651dd9 | 15 | Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Matthew Brooks@* |
145df67b | 16 | Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Marcin Karpezo@* |
c987b723 | 17 | Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Brice Waegeneire@* |
e3d2e618 | 18 | Copyright @copyright{} 2020 André Batista@* |
94551439 | 19 | Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Christine Lemmer-Webber@* |
c2ff06e5 | 20 | Copyright @copyright{} 2021 Joshua Branson@* |
7bc46ecc RW |
21 | |
22 | Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document | |
23 | under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or | |
24 | any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no | |
25 | Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A | |
26 | copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free | |
27 | Documentation License''. | |
28 | @end copying | |
29 | ||
30 | @dircategory System administration | |
31 | @direntry | |
32 | * Guix cookbook: (guix-cookbook). Tutorials and examples for GNU Guix. | |
33 | @end direntry | |
34 | ||
35 | @titlepage | |
36 | @title GNU Guix Cookbook | |
37 | @subtitle Tutorials and examples for using the GNU Guix Functional Package Manager | |
38 | @author The GNU Guix Developers | |
39 | ||
40 | @page | |
41 | @vskip 0pt plus 1filll | |
42 | ||
43 | @insertcopying | |
44 | @end titlepage | |
45 | ||
46 | @contents | |
47 | ||
48 | @c ********************************************************************* | |
49 | @node Top | |
50 | @top GNU Guix Cookbook | |
51 | ||
52 | This document presents tutorials and detailed examples for GNU@tie{}Guix, a | |
53 | functional package management tool written for the GNU system. Please | |
54 | @pxref{Top,,, guix, GNU Guix reference manual} for details about the system, | |
55 | its API, and related concepts. | |
56 | ||
57 | @c TRANSLATORS: You can replace the following paragraph with information on | |
58 | @c how to join your own translation team and how to report issues with the | |
59 | @c translation. | |
e0e65ed6 SM |
60 | This manual is also available in French (@pxref{Top,,, guix-cookbook.fr, |
61 | Livre de recettes de GNU Guix}) and German (@pxref{Top,,, | |
62 | guix-cookbook.de, GNU-Guix-Kochbuch}). If you would like to translate | |
63 | this document in your native language, consider joining | |
2a9784ff | 64 | @uref{https://translate.fedoraproject.org/projects/guix/documentation-cookbook, |
e0e65ed6 | 65 | Weblate} (@pxref{Translating Guix,,, guix, GNU Guix reference manual}). |
7bc46ecc RW |
66 | |
67 | @menu | |
68 | * Scheme tutorials:: Meet your new favorite language! | |
69 | * Packaging:: Packaging tutorials | |
70 | * System Configuration:: Customizing the GNU System | |
4c463569 | 71 | * Advanced package management:: Power to the users! |
d0fc1e83 | 72 | * Environment management:: Control environment |
7bc46ecc RW |
73 | |
74 | * Acknowledgments:: Thanks! | |
75 | * GNU Free Documentation License:: The license of this document. | |
76 | * Concept Index:: Concepts. | |
77 | ||
78 | @detailmenu | |
79 | --- The Detailed Node Listing --- | |
80 | ||
81 | Scheme tutorials | |
82 | ||
83 | * A Scheme Crash Course:: Learn the basics of Scheme | |
84 | ||
85 | Packaging | |
86 | ||
87 | * Packaging Tutorial:: Let's add a package to Guix! | |
88 | ||
89 | System Configuration | |
90 | ||
c2ff06e5 JB |
91 | * Auto-Login to a Specific TTY:: Automatically Login a User to a Specific TTY |
92 | * Customizing the Kernel:: Creating and using a custom Linux kernel on Guix System. | |
7bc46ecc RW |
93 | |
94 | @end detailmenu | |
95 | @end menu | |
96 | ||
97 | @c ********************************************************************* | |
98 | @node Scheme tutorials | |
99 | @chapter Scheme tutorials | |
100 | ||
101 | GNU@tie{}Guix is written in the general purpose programming language Scheme, | |
102 | and many of its features can be accessed and manipulated programmatically. | |
103 | You can use Scheme to generate package definitions, to modify them, to build | |
104 | them, to deploy whole operating systems, etc. | |
105 | ||
106 | Knowing the basics of how to program in Scheme will unlock many of the | |
107 | advanced features Guix provides --- and you don't even need to be an | |
108 | experienced programmer to use them! | |
109 | ||
110 | Let's get started! | |
111 | ||
112 | @node A Scheme Crash Course | |
113 | @section A Scheme Crash Course | |
114 | ||
115 | @cindex Scheme, crash course | |
116 | ||
117 | Guix uses the Guile implementation of Scheme. To start playing with the | |
118 | language, install it with @code{guix install guile} and start a | |
96a95aa9 LC |
119 | @dfn{REPL}---short for @uref{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read%E2%80%93eval%E2%80%93print_loop, |
120 | @dfn{read-eval-print loop}}---by running @code{guile} from the command line. | |
7bc46ecc RW |
121 | |
122 | Alternatively you can also run @code{guix environment --ad-hoc guile -- guile} | |
123 | if you'd rather not have Guile installed in your user profile. | |
124 | ||
cf1e6f5f LC |
125 | In the following examples, lines show what you would type at the REPL; |
126 | lines starting with ``@result{}'' show evaluation results, while lines | |
127 | starting with ``@print{}'' show things that get printed. @xref{Using Guile | |
96a95aa9 | 128 | Interactively,,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}, for more details on the |
7bc46ecc RW |
129 | REPL. |
130 | ||
131 | @itemize | |
132 | @item | |
133 | Scheme syntax boils down to a tree of expressions (or @emph{s-expression} in | |
134 | Lisp lingo). An expression can be a literal such as numbers and strings, or a | |
cd958802 LC |
135 | compound which is a parenthesized list of compounds and literals. @code{#true} |
136 | and @code{#false} (abbreviated @code{#t} and @code{#f}) stand for the | |
137 | Booleans ``true'' and ``false'', respectively. | |
7bc46ecc RW |
138 | |
139 | Examples of valid expressions: | |
140 | ||
b1eecb5c | 141 | @lisp |
7bc46ecc | 142 | "Hello World!" |
cf1e6f5f LC |
143 | @result{} "Hello World!" |
144 | ||
7bc46ecc | 145 | 17 |
cf1e6f5f LC |
146 | @result{} 17 |
147 | ||
148 | (display (string-append "Hello " "Guix" "\n")) | |
149 | @print{} Hello Guix! | |
150 | @result{} #<unspecified> | |
b1eecb5c | 151 | @end lisp |
7bc46ecc RW |
152 | |
153 | @item | |
154 | This last example is a function call nested in another function call. When a | |
155 | parenthesized expression is evaluated, the first term is the function and the | |
156 | rest are the arguments passed to the function. Every function returns the | |
157 | last evaluated expression as its return value. | |
158 | ||
159 | @item | |
160 | Anonymous functions are declared with the @code{lambda} term: | |
161 | ||
b1eecb5c | 162 | @lisp |
cf1e6f5f LC |
163 | (lambda (x) (* x x)) |
164 | @result{} #<procedure 120e348 at <unknown port>:24:0 (x)> | |
b1eecb5c | 165 | @end lisp |
7bc46ecc RW |
166 | |
167 | The above procedure returns the square of its argument. Since everything is | |
168 | an expression, the @code{lambda} expression returns an anonymous procedure, | |
169 | which can in turn be applied to an argument: | |
170 | ||
b1eecb5c | 171 | @lisp |
cf1e6f5f LC |
172 | ((lambda (x) (* x x)) 3) |
173 | @result{} 9 | |
b1eecb5c | 174 | @end lisp |
7bc46ecc RW |
175 | |
176 | @item | |
177 | Anything can be assigned a global name with @code{define}: | |
178 | ||
b1eecb5c | 179 | @lisp |
cf1e6f5f LC |
180 | (define a 3) |
181 | (define square (lambda (x) (* x x))) | |
182 | (square a) | |
183 | @result{} 9 | |
b1eecb5c | 184 | @end lisp |
7bc46ecc RW |
185 | |
186 | @item | |
187 | Procedures can be defined more concisely with the following syntax: | |
188 | ||
b1eecb5c | 189 | @lisp |
7bc46ecc | 190 | (define (square x) (* x x)) |
b1eecb5c | 191 | @end lisp |
7bc46ecc RW |
192 | |
193 | @item | |
194 | A list structure can be created with the @code{list} procedure: | |
195 | ||
b1eecb5c | 196 | @lisp |
cf1e6f5f LC |
197 | (list 2 a 5 7) |
198 | @result{} (2 3 5 7) | |
b1eecb5c | 199 | @end lisp |
7bc46ecc RW |
200 | |
201 | @item | |
6a893fa8 LC |
202 | The @dfn{quote} disables evaluation of a parenthesized expression: the |
203 | first term is not called over the other terms (@pxref{Expression Syntax, | |
204 | quote,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}). Thus it effectively | |
205 | returns a list of terms. | |
7bc46ecc | 206 | |
b1eecb5c | 207 | @lisp |
cf1e6f5f LC |
208 | '(display (string-append "Hello " "Guix" "\n")) |
209 | @result{} (display (string-append "Hello " "Guix" "\n")) | |
210 | ||
211 | '(2 a 5 7) | |
212 | @result{} (2 a 5 7) | |
b1eecb5c | 213 | @end lisp |
7bc46ecc RW |
214 | |
215 | @item | |
6a893fa8 LC |
216 | The @dfn{quasiquote} disables evaluation of a parenthesized expression |
217 | until @dfn{unquote} (a comma) re-enables it. Thus it provides us with | |
218 | fine-grained control over what is evaluated and what is not. | |
7bc46ecc | 219 | |
b1eecb5c | 220 | @lisp |
cf1e6f5f LC |
221 | `(2 a 5 7 (2 ,a 5 ,(+ a 4))) |
222 | @result{} (2 a 5 7 (2 3 5 7)) | |
b1eecb5c | 223 | @end lisp |
7bc46ecc RW |
224 | |
225 | Note that the above result is a list of mixed elements: numbers, symbols (here | |
226 | @code{a}) and the last element is a list itself. | |
227 | ||
228 | @item | |
6a893fa8 LC |
229 | Multiple variables can be named locally with @code{let} (@pxref{Local |
230 | Bindings,,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}): | |
7bc46ecc | 231 | |
b1eecb5c | 232 | @lisp |
cf1e6f5f LC |
233 | (define x 10) |
234 | (let ((x 2) | |
235 | (y 3)) | |
236 | (list x y)) | |
237 | @result{} (2 3) | |
238 | ||
239 | x | |
240 | @result{} 10 | |
241 | ||
242 | y | |
243 | @error{} In procedure module-lookup: Unbound variable: y | |
b1eecb5c | 244 | @end lisp |
7bc46ecc RW |
245 | |
246 | Use @code{let*} to allow later variable declarations to refer to earlier | |
247 | definitions. | |
248 | ||
b1eecb5c | 249 | @lisp |
cf1e6f5f LC |
250 | (let* ((x 2) |
251 | (y (* x 3))) | |
252 | (list x y)) | |
253 | @result{} (2 6) | |
b1eecb5c | 254 | @end lisp |
7bc46ecc RW |
255 | |
256 | @item | |
c0001b8b LC |
257 | @dfn{Keywords} are typically used to identify the named parameters of a |
258 | procedure. They are prefixed by @code{#:} (hash, colon) followed by | |
259 | alphanumeric characters: @code{#:like-this}. | |
260 | @xref{Keywords,,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}. | |
7bc46ecc RW |
261 | |
262 | @item | |
263 | The percentage @code{%} is typically used for read-only global variables in | |
264 | the build stage. Note that it is merely a convention, like @code{_} in C. | |
265 | Scheme treats @code{%} exactly the same as any other letter. | |
266 | ||
267 | @item | |
6a893fa8 LC |
268 | Modules are created with @code{define-module} (@pxref{Creating Guile |
269 | Modules,,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}). For instance | |
7bc46ecc | 270 | |
b1eecb5c | 271 | @lisp |
7bc46ecc RW |
272 | (define-module (guix build-system ruby) |
273 | #:use-module (guix store) | |
274 | #:export (ruby-build | |
275 | ruby-build-system)) | |
b1eecb5c | 276 | @end lisp |
7bc46ecc RW |
277 | |
278 | defines the module @code{guix build-system ruby} which must be located in | |
279 | @file{guix/build-system/ruby.scm} somewhere in the Guile load path. It | |
280 | depends on the @code{(guix store)} module and it exports two variables, | |
281 | @code{ruby-build} and @code{ruby-build-system}. | |
282 | @end itemize | |
283 | ||
284 | For a more detailed introduction, check out | |
285 | @uref{http://www.troubleshooters.com/codecorn/scheme_guile/hello.htm, Scheme | |
286 | at a Glance}, by Steve Litt. | |
287 | ||
288 | One of the reference Scheme books is the seminal ``Structure and | |
289 | Interpretation of Computer Programs'', by Harold Abelson and Gerald Jay | |
290 | Sussman, with Julie Sussman. You'll find a | |
291 | @uref{https://mitpress.mit.edu/sites/default/files/sicp/index.html, free copy | |
292 | online}, together with | |
293 | @uref{https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-001-structure-and-interpretation-of-computer-programs-spring-2005/video-lectures/, | |
294 | videos of the lectures by the authors}. The book is available in Texinfo | |
295 | format as the @code{sicp} Guix package. Go ahead, run @code{guix install | |
ed79636c | 296 | sicp} and start reading with @code{info sicp} (@pxref{,,, sicp, Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs}). |
7bc46ecc RW |
297 | An @uref{https://sarabander.github.io/sicp/, unofficial ebook is also |
298 | available}. | |
299 | ||
300 | You'll find more books, tutorials and other resources at | |
301 | @url{https://schemers.org/}. | |
302 | ||
303 | ||
304 | @c ********************************************************************* | |
305 | @node Packaging | |
306 | @chapter Packaging | |
307 | ||
308 | @cindex packaging | |
309 | ||
310 | This chapter is dedicated to teaching you how to add packages to the | |
311 | collection of packages that come with GNU Guix. This involves writing package | |
312 | definitions in Guile Scheme, organizing them in package modules, and building | |
313 | them. | |
314 | ||
315 | @menu | |
316 | * Packaging Tutorial:: A tutorial on how to add packages to Guix. | |
317 | @end menu | |
318 | ||
319 | @node Packaging Tutorial | |
320 | @section Packaging Tutorial | |
321 | ||
322 | GNU Guix stands out as the @emph{hackable} package manager, mostly because it | |
323 | uses @uref{https://www.gnu.org/software/guile/, GNU Guile}, a powerful | |
324 | high-level programming language, one of the | |
325 | @uref{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme_%28programming_language%29, Scheme} | |
326 | dialects from the | |
327 | @uref{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisp_%28programming_language%29, Lisp family}. | |
328 | ||
329 | Package definitions are also written in Scheme, which empowers Guix in some | |
330 | very unique ways, unlike most other package managers that use shell scripts or | |
331 | simple languages. | |
332 | ||
333 | @itemize | |
334 | @item | |
335 | Use functions, structures, macros and all of Scheme expressiveness for your | |
336 | package definitions. | |
337 | ||
338 | @item | |
339 | Inheritance makes it easy to customize a package by inheriting from it and | |
340 | modifying only what is needed. | |
5c3e94cd | 341 | |
7bc46ecc RW |
342 | @item |
343 | Batch processing: the whole package collection can be parsed, filtered and | |
344 | processed. Building a headless server with all graphical interfaces stripped | |
345 | out? It's possible. Want to rebuild everything from source using specific | |
346 | compiler optimization flags? Pass the @code{#:make-flags "..."} argument to | |
347 | the list of packages. It wouldn't be a stretch to think | |
348 | @uref{https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/USE_flag, Gentoo USE flags} here, but this | |
349 | goes even further: the changes don't have to be thought out beforehand by the | |
350 | packager, they can be @emph{programmed} by the user! | |
351 | @end itemize | |
352 | ||
353 | The following tutorial covers all the basics around package creation with Guix. | |
354 | It does not assume much knowledge of the Guix system nor of the Lisp language. | |
355 | The reader is only expected to be familiar with the command line and to have some | |
356 | basic programming knowledge. | |
357 | ||
0cbef07b LC |
358 | @node A ``Hello World'' package |
359 | @subsection A ``Hello World'' package | |
7bc46ecc | 360 | |
0cbef07b | 361 | The ``Defining Packages'' section of the manual introduces the basics of Guix |
7bc46ecc RW |
362 | packaging (@pxref{Defining Packages,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}). In |
363 | the following section, we will partly go over those basics again. | |
364 | ||
0cbef07b | 365 | GNU@tie{}Hello is a dummy project that serves as an idiomatic example for |
7bc46ecc RW |
366 | packaging. It uses the GNU build system (@code{./configure && make && make |
367 | install}). Guix already provides a package definition which is a perfect | |
368 | example to start with. You can look up its declaration with @code{guix edit | |
369 | hello} from the command line. Let's see how it looks: | |
370 | ||
b1eecb5c | 371 | @lisp |
7bc46ecc RW |
372 | (define-public hello |
373 | (package | |
374 | (name "hello") | |
375 | (version "2.10") | |
376 | (source (origin | |
377 | (method url-fetch) | |
378 | (uri (string-append "mirror://gnu/hello/hello-" version | |
379 | ".tar.gz")) | |
380 | (sha256 | |
381 | (base32 | |
382 | "0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i")))) | |
383 | (build-system gnu-build-system) | |
384 | (synopsis "Hello, GNU world: An example GNU package") | |
385 | (description | |
386 | "GNU Hello prints the message \"Hello, world!\" and then exits. It | |
387 | serves as an example of standard GNU coding practices. As such, it supports | |
388 | command-line arguments, multiple languages, and so on.") | |
389 | (home-page "https://www.gnu.org/software/hello/") | |
390 | (license gpl3+))) | |
b1eecb5c | 391 | @end lisp |
7bc46ecc RW |
392 | |
393 | As you can see, most of it is rather straightforward. But let's review the | |
394 | fields together: | |
395 | ||
396 | @table @samp | |
397 | @item name | |
398 | The project name. Using Scheme conventions, we prefer to keep it | |
399 | lower case, without underscore and using dash-separated words. | |
400 | ||
401 | @item source | |
402 | This field contains a description of the source code origin. The | |
403 | @code{origin} record contains these fields: | |
404 | ||
405 | @enumerate | |
406 | @item The method, here @code{url-fetch} to download via HTTP/FTP, but other methods | |
407 | exist, such as @code{git-fetch} for Git repositories. | |
408 | @item The URI, which is typically some @code{https://} location for @code{url-fetch}. Here | |
409 | the special `mirror://gnu` refers to a set of well known locations, all of | |
410 | which can be used by Guix to fetch the source, should some of them fail. | |
411 | @item The @code{sha256} checksum of the requested file. This is essential to ensure | |
412 | the source is not corrupted. Note that Guix works with base32 strings, | |
413 | hence the call to the @code{base32} function. | |
414 | @end enumerate | |
415 | ||
416 | @item build-system | |
417 | ||
418 | This is where the power of abstraction provided by the Scheme language really | |
419 | shines: in this case, the @code{gnu-build-system} abstracts away the famous | |
420 | @code{./configure && make && make install} shell invocations. Other build | |
421 | systems include the @code{trivial-build-system} which does not do anything and | |
422 | requires from the packager to program all the build steps, the | |
423 | @code{python-build-system}, the @code{emacs-build-system}, and many more | |
424 | (@pxref{Build Systems,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}). | |
425 | ||
426 | @item synopsis | |
427 | It should be a concise summary of what the package does. For many packages a | |
428 | tagline from the project's home page can be used as the synopsis. | |
429 | ||
430 | @item description | |
431 | Same as for the synopsis, it's fine to re-use the project description from the | |
432 | homepage. Note that Guix uses Texinfo syntax. | |
433 | ||
434 | @item home-page | |
435 | Use HTTPS if available. | |
436 | ||
437 | @item license | |
438 | See @code{guix/licenses.scm} in the project source for a full list of | |
439 | available licenses. | |
440 | @end table | |
441 | ||
442 | Time to build our first package! Nothing fancy here for now: we will stick to a | |
0cbef07b | 443 | dummy @code{my-hello}, a copy of the above declaration. |
7bc46ecc | 444 | |
0cbef07b LC |
445 | As with the ritualistic ``Hello World'' taught with most programming languages, |
446 | this will possibly be the most ``manual'' approach. We will work out an ideal | |
7bc46ecc RW |
447 | setup later; for now we will go the simplest route. |
448 | ||
449 | Save the following to a file @file{my-hello.scm}. | |
450 | ||
b1eecb5c | 451 | @lisp |
7bc46ecc RW |
452 | (use-modules (guix packages) |
453 | (guix download) | |
454 | (guix build-system gnu) | |
455 | (guix licenses)) | |
456 | ||
457 | (package | |
458 | (name "my-hello") | |
459 | (version "2.10") | |
460 | (source (origin | |
461 | (method url-fetch) | |
462 | (uri (string-append "mirror://gnu/hello/hello-" version | |
463 | ".tar.gz")) | |
464 | (sha256 | |
465 | (base32 | |
466 | "0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i")))) | |
467 | (build-system gnu-build-system) | |
468 | (synopsis "Hello, Guix world: An example custom Guix package") | |
469 | (description | |
470 | "GNU Hello prints the message \"Hello, world!\" and then exits. It | |
471 | serves as an example of standard GNU coding practices. As such, it supports | |
472 | command-line arguments, multiple languages, and so on.") | |
473 | (home-page "https://www.gnu.org/software/hello/") | |
474 | (license gpl3+)) | |
b1eecb5c | 475 | @end lisp |
7bc46ecc RW |
476 | |
477 | We will explain the extra code in a moment. | |
478 | ||
479 | Feel free to play with the different values of the various fields. If you | |
480 | change the source, you'll need to update the checksum. Indeed, Guix refuses to | |
481 | build anything if the given checksum does not match the computed checksum of the | |
482 | source code. To obtain the correct checksum of the package declaration, we | |
483 | need to download the source, compute the sha256 checksum and convert it to | |
484 | base32. | |
485 | ||
486 | Thankfully, Guix can automate this task for us; all we need is to provide the | |
487 | URI: | |
488 | ||
489 | @c TRANSLATORS: This is example shell output. | |
490 | @example sh | |
491 | $ guix download mirror://gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz | |
492 | ||
493 | Starting download of /tmp/guix-file.JLYgL7 | |
494 | From https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz... | |
495 | following redirection to `https://mirror.ibcp.fr/pub/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz'... | |
496 | …10.tar.gz 709KiB 2.5MiB/s 00:00 [##################] 100.0% | |
497 | /gnu/store/hbdalsf5lpf01x4dcknwx6xbn6n5km6k-hello-2.10.tar.gz | |
498 | 0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i | |
499 | @end example | |
500 | ||
501 | In this specific case the output tells us which mirror was chosen. | |
502 | If the result of the above command is not the same as in the above snippet, | |
503 | update your @code{my-hello} declaration accordingly. | |
504 | ||
505 | Note that GNU package tarballs come with an OpenPGP signature, so you | |
506 | should definitely check the signature of this tarball with `gpg` to | |
507 | authenticate it before going further: | |
508 | ||
509 | @c TRANSLATORS: This is example shell output. | |
510 | @example sh | |
511 | $ guix download mirror://gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig | |
512 | ||
513 | Starting download of /tmp/guix-file.03tFfb | |
514 | From https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig... | |
515 | following redirection to `https://ftp.igh.cnrs.fr/pub/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig'... | |
516 | ….tar.gz.sig 819B 1.2MiB/s 00:00 [##################] 100.0% | |
517 | /gnu/store/rzs8wba9ka7grrmgcpfyxvs58mly0sx6-hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig | |
518 | 0q0v86n3y38z17rl146gdakw9xc4mcscpk8dscs412j22glrv9jf | |
519 | $ gpg --verify /gnu/store/rzs8wba9ka7grrmgcpfyxvs58mly0sx6-hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig /gnu/store/hbdalsf5lpf01x4dcknwx6xbn6n5km6k-hello-2.10.tar.gz | |
520 | gpg: Signature made Sun 16 Nov 2014 01:08:37 PM CET | |
521 | gpg: using RSA key A9553245FDE9B739 | |
522 | gpg: Good signature from "Sami Kerola <kerolasa@@iki.fi>" [unknown] | |
523 | gpg: aka "Sami Kerola (http://www.iki.fi/kerolasa/) <kerolasa@@iki.fi>" [unknown] | |
524 | gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature! | |
525 | gpg: There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner. | |
526 | Primary key fingerprint: 8ED3 96E3 7E38 D471 A005 30D3 A955 3245 FDE9 B739 | |
527 | @end example | |
528 | ||
529 | You can then happily run | |
530 | ||
531 | @c TRANSLATORS: Do not translate this command | |
532 | @example sh | |
533 | $ guix package --install-from-file=my-hello.scm | |
534 | @end example | |
535 | ||
536 | You should now have @code{my-hello} in your profile! | |
537 | ||
538 | @c TRANSLATORS: Do not translate this command | |
539 | @example sh | |
540 | $ guix package --list-installed=my-hello | |
541 | my-hello 2.10 out | |
542 | /gnu/store/f1db2mfm8syb8qvc357c53slbvf1g9m9-my-hello-2.10 | |
543 | @end example | |
544 | ||
545 | We've gone as far as we could without any knowledge of Scheme. Before moving | |
546 | on to more complex packages, now is the right time to brush up on your Scheme | |
547 | knowledge. @pxref{A Scheme Crash Course} to get up to speed. | |
548 | ||
ffe059af PN |
549 | @node Setup |
550 | @subsection Setup | |
7bc46ecc | 551 | |
ffe059af PN |
552 | In the rest of this chapter we will rely on some basic Scheme |
553 | programming knowledge. Now let's detail the different possible setups | |
554 | for working on Guix packages. | |
555 | ||
556 | There are several ways to set up a Guix packaging environment. | |
557 | ||
558 | We recommend you work directly on the Guix source checkout since it makes it | |
559 | easier for everyone to contribute to the project. | |
560 | ||
561 | But first, let's look at other possibilities. | |
562 | ||
563 | @node Local file | |
564 | @subsubsection Local file | |
565 | ||
566 | This is what we previously did with @samp{my-hello}. With the Scheme basics we've | |
567 | covered, we are now able to explain the leading chunks. As stated in @code{guix | |
568 | package --help}: | |
569 | ||
570 | @example | |
571 | -f, --install-from-file=FILE | |
572 | install the package that the code within FILE | |
573 | evaluates to | |
574 | @end example | |
575 | ||
576 | Thus the last expression @emph{must} return a package, which is the case in our | |
577 | earlier example. | |
578 | ||
579 | The @code{use-modules} expression tells which of the modules we need in the file. | |
580 | Modules are a collection of values and procedures. They are commonly called | |
0cbef07b | 581 | ``libraries'' or ``packages'' in other programming languages. |
ffe059af PN |
582 | |
583 | @node @samp{GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH} | |
584 | @subsubsection @samp{GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH} | |
585 | ||
0cbef07b | 586 | @emph{Note: Starting from Guix 0.16, the more flexible Guix @dfn{channels} are the |
ffe059af PN |
587 | preferred way and supersede @samp{GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH}. See next section.} |
588 | ||
589 | It can be tedious to specify the file from the command line instead of simply | |
590 | calling @code{guix package --install my-hello} as you would do with the official | |
591 | packages. | |
592 | ||
0cbef07b LC |
593 | Guix makes it possible to streamline the process by adding as many ``package |
594 | declaration directories'' as you want. | |
ffe059af | 595 | |
a0fd4630 | 596 | Create a directory, say @file{~/guix-packages} and add it to the @samp{GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH} |
ffe059af PN |
597 | environment variable: |
598 | ||
599 | @example | |
600 | $ mkdir ~/guix-packages | |
601 | $ export GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH=~/guix-packages | |
602 | @end example | |
603 | ||
604 | To add several directories, separate them with a colon (@code{:}). | |
605 | ||
606 | Our previous @samp{my-hello} needs some adjustments though: | |
607 | ||
d482e13f | 608 | @lisp |
ffe059af PN |
609 | (define-module (my-hello) |
610 | #:use-module (guix licenses) | |
611 | #:use-module (guix packages) | |
612 | #:use-module (guix build-system gnu) | |
613 | #:use-module (guix download)) | |
614 | ||
615 | (define-public my-hello | |
616 | (package | |
617 | (name "my-hello") | |
618 | (version "2.10") | |
619 | (source (origin | |
620 | (method url-fetch) | |
621 | (uri (string-append "mirror://gnu/hello/hello-" version | |
622 | ".tar.gz")) | |
623 | (sha256 | |
624 | (base32 | |
625 | "0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i")))) | |
626 | (build-system gnu-build-system) | |
627 | (synopsis "Hello, Guix world: An example custom Guix package") | |
628 | (description | |
629 | "GNU Hello prints the message \"Hello, world!\" and then exits. It | |
630 | serves as an example of standard GNU coding practices. As such, it supports | |
631 | command-line arguments, multiple languages, and so on.") | |
632 | (home-page "https://www.gnu.org/software/hello/") | |
633 | (license gpl3+))) | |
d482e13f | 634 | @end lisp |
ffe059af PN |
635 | |
636 | Note that we have assigned the package value to an exported variable name with | |
637 | @code{define-public}. This is effectively assigning the package to the @code{my-hello} | |
638 | variable so that it can be referenced, among other as dependency of other | |
639 | packages. | |
640 | ||
641 | If you use @code{guix package --install-from-file=my-hello.scm} on the above file, it | |
642 | will fail because the last expression, @code{define-public}, does not return a | |
643 | package. If you want to use @code{define-public} in this use-case nonetheless, make | |
644 | sure the file ends with an evaluation of @code{my-hello}: | |
645 | ||
d482e13f | 646 | @lisp |
ffe059af PN |
647 | ; ... |
648 | (define-public my-hello | |
649 | ; ... | |
650 | ) | |
651 | ||
652 | my-hello | |
d482e13f | 653 | @end lisp |
ffe059af PN |
654 | |
655 | This last example is not very typical. | |
656 | ||
657 | Now @samp{my-hello} should be part of the package collection like all other official | |
658 | packages. You can verify this with: | |
659 | ||
660 | @example | |
661 | $ guix package --show=my-hello | |
662 | @end example | |
663 | ||
664 | @node Guix channels | |
665 | @subsubsection Guix channels | |
666 | ||
667 | Guix 0.16 features channels, which is very similar to @samp{GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH} but | |
668 | provides better integration and provenance tracking. Channels are not | |
669 | necessarily local, they can be maintained as a public Git repository for | |
670 | instance. Of course, several channels can be used at the same time. | |
671 | ||
672 | @xref{Channels,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual} for setup details. | |
673 | ||
674 | @node Direct checkout hacking | |
675 | @subsubsection Direct checkout hacking | |
676 | ||
677 | Working directly on the Guix project is recommended: it reduces the friction | |
678 | when the time comes to submit your changes upstream to let the community benefit | |
679 | from your hard work! | |
680 | ||
681 | Unlike most software distributions, the Guix repository holds in one place both | |
682 | the tooling (including the package manager) and the package definitions. This | |
683 | choice was made so that it would give developers the flexibility to modify the | |
684 | API without breakage by updating all packages at the same time. This reduces | |
685 | development inertia. | |
686 | ||
687 | Check out the official @uref{https://git-scm.com/, Git} repository: | |
688 | ||
689 | @example | |
690 | $ git clone https://git.savannah.gnu.org/git/guix.git | |
691 | @end example | |
692 | ||
693 | In the rest of this article, we use @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT} to refer to the location of | |
694 | the checkout. | |
695 | ||
696 | ||
e97a4a29 | 697 | Follow the instructions in the manual (@pxref{Contributing,,, guix, GNU Guix |
ffe059af PN |
698 | Reference Manual}) to set up the repository environment. |
699 | ||
700 | Once ready, you should be able to use the package definitions from the | |
701 | repository environment. | |
702 | ||
703 | Feel free to edit package definitions found in @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/gnu/packages}. | |
704 | ||
705 | The @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/pre-inst-env} script lets you use @samp{guix} over the package | |
e97a4a29 LC |
706 | collection of the repository (@pxref{Running Guix Before It Is |
707 | Installed,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}). | |
ffe059af PN |
708 | |
709 | @itemize | |
710 | @item | |
711 | Search packages, such as Ruby: | |
712 | ||
713 | @example | |
714 | $ cd $GUIX_CHECKOUT | |
715 | $ ./pre-inst-env guix package --list-available=ruby | |
716 | ruby 1.8.7-p374 out gnu/packages/ruby.scm:119:2 | |
717 | ruby 2.1.6 out gnu/packages/ruby.scm:91:2 | |
718 | ruby 2.2.2 out gnu/packages/ruby.scm:39:2 | |
719 | @end example | |
720 | ||
721 | @item | |
722 | Build a package, here Ruby version 2.1: | |
723 | ||
724 | @example | |
725 | $ ./pre-inst-env guix build --keep-failed ruby@@2.1 | |
726 | /gnu/store/c13v73jxmj2nir2xjqaz5259zywsa9zi-ruby-2.1.6 | |
727 | @end example | |
728 | ||
729 | @item | |
730 | Install it to your user profile: | |
731 | ||
732 | @example | |
733 | $ ./pre-inst-env guix package --install ruby@@2.1 | |
734 | @end example | |
735 | ||
736 | @item | |
737 | Check for common mistakes: | |
738 | ||
739 | @example | |
740 | $ ./pre-inst-env guix lint ruby@@2.1 | |
741 | @end example | |
742 | @end itemize | |
743 | ||
744 | Guix strives at maintaining a high packaging standard; when contributing to the | |
745 | Guix project, remember to | |
746 | ||
747 | @itemize | |
748 | @item | |
749 | follow the coding style (@pxref{Coding Style,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}), | |
750 | @item | |
751 | and review the check list from the manual (@pxref{Submitting Patches,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}). | |
752 | @end itemize | |
753 | ||
754 | Once you are happy with the result, you are welcome to send your contribution to | |
755 | make it part of Guix. This process is also detailed in the manual. (@pxref{Contributing,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}) | |
756 | ||
757 | ||
758 | It's a community effort so the more join in, the better Guix becomes! | |
759 | ||
760 | @node Extended example | |
761 | @subsection Extended example | |
762 | ||
0cbef07b | 763 | The above ``Hello World'' example is as simple as it goes. Packages can be more |
ffe059af PN |
764 | complex than that and Guix can handle more advanced scenarios. Let's look at |
765 | another, more sophisticated package (slightly modified from the source): | |
766 | ||
d482e13f | 767 | @lisp |
ffe059af PN |
768 | (define-module (gnu packages version-control) |
769 | #:use-module ((guix licenses) #:prefix license:) | |
770 | #:use-module (guix utils) | |
771 | #:use-module (guix packages) | |
772 | #:use-module (guix git-download) | |
773 | #:use-module (guix build-system cmake) | |
774 | #:use-module (gnu packages ssh) | |
775 | #:use-module (gnu packages web) | |
776 | #:use-module (gnu packages pkg-config) | |
777 | #:use-module (gnu packages python) | |
778 | #:use-module (gnu packages compression) | |
779 | #:use-module (gnu packages tls)) | |
780 | ||
781 | (define-public my-libgit2 | |
782 | (let ((commit "e98d0a37c93574d2c6107bf7f31140b548c6a7bf") | |
783 | (revision "1")) | |
784 | (package | |
785 | (name "my-libgit2") | |
786 | (version (git-version "0.26.6" revision commit)) | |
787 | (source (origin | |
788 | (method git-fetch) | |
789 | (uri (git-reference | |
790 | (url "https://github.com/libgit2/libgit2/") | |
791 | (commit commit))) | |
792 | (file-name (git-file-name name version)) | |
793 | (sha256 | |
794 | (base32 | |
795 | "17pjvprmdrx4h6bb1hhc98w9qi6ki7yl57f090n9kbhswxqfs7s3")) | |
796 | (patches (search-patches "libgit2-mtime-0.patch")) | |
797 | (modules '((guix build utils))) | |
bc7dd3f7 LC |
798 | ;; Remove bundled software. |
799 | (snippet '(delete-file-recursively "deps")))) | |
ffe059af PN |
800 | (build-system cmake-build-system) |
801 | (outputs '("out" "debug")) | |
802 | (arguments | |
34513683 | 803 | `(#:tests? #true ; Run the test suite (this is the default) |
ffe059af PN |
804 | #:configure-flags '("-DUSE_SHA1DC=ON") ; SHA-1 collision detection |
805 | #:phases | |
806 | (modify-phases %standard-phases | |
807 | (add-after 'unpack 'fix-hardcoded-paths | |
808 | (lambda _ | |
809 | (substitute* "tests/repo/init.c" | |
810 | (("#!/bin/sh") (string-append "#!" (which "sh")))) | |
811 | (substitute* "tests/clar/fs.h" | |
812 | (("/bin/cp") (which "cp")) | |
bc7dd3f7 | 813 | (("/bin/rm") (which "rm"))))) |
ffe059af PN |
814 | ;; Run checks more verbosely. |
815 | (replace 'check | |
816 | (lambda _ (invoke "./libgit2_clar" "-v" "-Q"))) | |
817 | (add-after 'unpack 'make-files-writable-for-tests | |
34513683 | 818 | (lambda _ (for-each make-file-writable (find-files "." ".*"))))))) |
ffe059af | 819 | (inputs |
12c2648f | 820 | (list libssh2 http-parser python-wrapper)) |
ffe059af | 821 | (native-inputs |
12c2648f | 822 | (list pkg-config)) |
ffe059af PN |
823 | (propagated-inputs |
824 | ;; These two libraries are in 'Requires.private' in libgit2.pc. | |
12c2648f | 825 | (list openssl zlib)) |
ffe059af PN |
826 | (home-page "https://libgit2.github.com/") |
827 | (synopsis "Library providing Git core methods") | |
828 | (description | |
829 | "Libgit2 is a portable, pure C implementation of the Git core methods | |
830 | provided as a re-entrant linkable library with a solid API, allowing you to | |
831 | write native speed custom Git applications in any language with bindings.") | |
832 | ;; GPLv2 with linking exception | |
833 | (license license:gpl2)))) | |
d482e13f | 834 | @end lisp |
ffe059af PN |
835 | |
836 | (In those cases were you only want to tweak a few fields from a package | |
837 | definition, you should rely on inheritance instead of copy-pasting everything. | |
838 | See below.) | |
839 | ||
840 | Let's discuss those fields in depth. | |
841 | ||
842 | @subsubsection @code{git-fetch} method | |
843 | ||
844 | Unlike the @code{url-fetch} method, @code{git-fetch} expects a @code{git-reference} which takes | |
845 | a Git repository and a commit. The commit can be any Git reference such as | |
846 | tags, so if the @code{version} is tagged, then it can be used directly. Sometimes | |
847 | the tag is prefixed with a @code{v}, in which case you'd use @code{(commit (string-append | |
848 | "v" version))}. | |
849 | ||
ab83e1f0 LC |
850 | To ensure that the source code from the Git repository is stored in a |
851 | directory with a descriptive name, we use @code{(file-name (git-file-name name | |
ffe059af PN |
852 | version))}. |
853 | ||
4ebbd92c | 854 | The @code{git-version} procedure can be used to derive the |
ab83e1f0 LC |
855 | version when packaging programs for a specific commit, following the |
856 | Guix contributor guidelines (@pxref{Version Numbers,,, guix, GNU Guix | |
857 | Reference Manual}). | |
ffe059af | 858 | |
2f562699 LC |
859 | How does one obtain the @code{sha256} hash that's in there, you ask? By |
860 | invoking @command{guix hash} on a checkout of the desired commit, along | |
4ebbd92c | 861 | these lines: |
2f562699 LC |
862 | |
863 | @example | |
864 | git clone https://github.com/libgit2/libgit2/ | |
865 | cd libgit2 | |
866 | git checkout v0.26.6 | |
867 | guix hash -rx . | |
868 | @end example | |
869 | ||
870 | @command{guix hash -rx} computes a SHA256 hash over the whole directory, | |
871 | excluding the @file{.git} sub-directory (@pxref{Invoking guix hash,,, | |
872 | guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}). | |
873 | ||
874 | In the future, @command{guix download} will hopefully be able to do | |
875 | these steps for you, just like it does for regular downloads. | |
876 | ||
ffe059af PN |
877 | @subsubsection Snippets |
878 | ||
879 | Snippets are quoted (i.e. non-evaluated) Scheme code that are a means of patching | |
2c8305d1 | 880 | the source. They are a Guix-y alternative to the traditional @file{.patch} files. |
ffe059af | 881 | Because of the quote, the code in only evaluated when passed to the Guix daemon |
0cbef07b | 882 | for building. There can be as many snippets as needed. |
ffe059af PN |
883 | |
884 | Snippets might need additional Guile modules which can be imported from the | |
885 | @code{modules} field. | |
886 | ||
887 | @subsubsection Inputs | |
888 | ||
ffe059af PN |
889 | There are 3 different input types. In short: |
890 | ||
891 | @table @asis | |
892 | @item native-inputs | |
893 | Required for building but not runtime -- installing a package | |
894 | through a substitute won't install these inputs. | |
895 | @item inputs | |
896 | Installed in the store but not in the profile, as well as being | |
897 | present at build time. | |
898 | @item propagated-inputs | |
899 | Installed in the store and in the profile, as well as | |
900 | being present at build time. | |
901 | @end table | |
902 | ||
903 | @xref{Package Reference,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual} for more details. | |
904 | ||
905 | The distinction between the various inputs is important: if a dependency can be | |
906 | handled as an @emph{input} instead of a @emph{propagated input}, it should be done so, or | |
0cbef07b | 907 | else it ``pollutes'' the user profile for no good reason. |
ffe059af PN |
908 | |
909 | For instance, a user installing a graphical program that depends on a | |
910 | command line tool might only be interested in the graphical part, so there is no | |
911 | need to force the command line tool into the user profile. The dependency is a | |
912 | concern to the package, not to the user. @emph{Inputs} make it possible to handle | |
913 | dependencies without bugging the user by adding undesired executable files (or | |
914 | libraries) to their profile. | |
915 | ||
916 | Same goes for @emph{native-inputs}: once the program is installed, build-time | |
917 | dependencies can be safely garbage-collected. | |
918 | It also matters when a substitute is available, in which case only the @emph{inputs} | |
919 | and @emph{propagated inputs} will be fetched: the @emph{native inputs} are not required to | |
920 | install a package from a substitute. | |
921 | ||
12c2648f LC |
922 | @quotation Note |
923 | You may see here and there snippets where package inputs are written | |
924 | quite differently, like so: | |
925 | ||
926 | @lisp | |
927 | ;; The "old style" for inputs. | |
928 | (inputs | |
929 | `(("libssh2" ,libssh2) | |
930 | ("http-parser" ,http-parser) | |
931 | ("python" ,python-wrapper))) | |
932 | @end lisp | |
933 | ||
934 | This is the ``old style'', where each input in the list is explicitly | |
935 | given a label (a string). It is still supported but we recommend using | |
936 | the style above instead. @xref{package Reference,,, guix, GNU Guix | |
937 | Reference Manual}, for more info. | |
938 | @end quotation | |
939 | ||
ffe059af PN |
940 | @subsubsection Outputs |
941 | ||
942 | Just like how a package can have multiple inputs, it can also produce multiple | |
943 | outputs. | |
944 | ||
945 | Each output corresponds to a separate directory in the store. | |
946 | ||
947 | The user can choose which output to install; this is useful to save space or | |
948 | to avoid polluting the user profile with unwanted executables or libraries. | |
949 | ||
950 | Output separation is optional. When the @code{outputs} field is left out, the | |
951 | default and only output (the complete package) is referred to as @code{"out"}. | |
952 | ||
953 | Typical separate output names include @code{debug} and @code{doc}. | |
954 | ||
955 | It's advised to separate outputs only when you've shown it's worth it: if the | |
956 | output size is significant (compare with @code{guix size}) or in case the package is | |
957 | modular. | |
958 | ||
959 | @subsubsection Build system arguments | |
960 | ||
961 | The @code{arguments} is a keyword-value list used to configure the build process. | |
962 | ||
963 | The simplest argument @code{#:tests?} can be used to disable the test suite when | |
964 | building the package. This is mostly useful when the package does not feature | |
965 | any test suite. It's strongly recommended to keep the test suite on if there is | |
966 | one. | |
967 | ||
968 | Another common argument is @code{:make-flags}, which specifies a list of flags to | |
969 | append when running make, as you would from the command line. For instance, the | |
970 | following flags | |
971 | ||
d482e13f | 972 | @lisp |
ffe059af PN |
973 | #:make-flags (list (string-append "prefix=" (assoc-ref %outputs "out")) |
974 | "CC=gcc") | |
d482e13f | 975 | @end lisp |
ffe059af PN |
976 | |
977 | translate into | |
978 | ||
979 | @example | |
980 | $ make CC=gcc prefix=/gnu/store/...-<out> | |
981 | @end example | |
982 | ||
983 | This sets the C compiler to @code{gcc} and the @code{prefix} variable (the installation | |
984 | directory in Make parlance) to @code{(assoc-ref %outputs "out")}, which is a build-stage | |
985 | global variable pointing to the destination directory in the store (something like | |
2c8305d1 | 986 | @file{/gnu/store/...-my-libgit2-20180408}). |
ffe059af | 987 | |
0cbef07b | 988 | Similarly, it's possible to set the configure flags: |
ffe059af | 989 | |
d482e13f | 990 | @lisp |
ffe059af | 991 | #:configure-flags '("-DUSE_SHA1DC=ON") |
d482e13f | 992 | @end lisp |
ffe059af PN |
993 | |
994 | The @code{%build-inputs} variable is also generated in scope. It's an association | |
995 | table that maps the input names to their store directories. | |
996 | ||
997 | The @code{phases} keyword lists the sequential steps of the build system. Typically | |
998 | phases include @code{unpack}, @code{configure}, @code{build}, @code{install} and @code{check}. To know | |
999 | more about those phases, you need to work out the appropriate build system | |
1000 | definition in @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/guix/build/gnu-build-system.scm}: | |
1001 | ||
d482e13f | 1002 | @lisp |
ffe059af PN |
1003 | (define %standard-phases |
1004 | ;; Standard build phases, as a list of symbol/procedure pairs. | |
1005 | (let-syntax ((phases (syntax-rules () | |
1006 | ((_ p ...) `((p . ,p) ...))))) | |
1007 | (phases set-SOURCE-DATE-EPOCH set-paths install-locale unpack | |
1008 | bootstrap | |
1009 | patch-usr-bin-file | |
1010 | patch-source-shebangs configure patch-generated-file-shebangs | |
1011 | build check install | |
1012 | patch-shebangs strip | |
1013 | validate-runpath | |
1014 | validate-documentation-location | |
1015 | delete-info-dir-file | |
1016 | patch-dot-desktop-files | |
1017 | install-license-files | |
1018 | reset-gzip-timestamps | |
1019 | compress-documentation))) | |
d482e13f | 1020 | @end lisp |
ffe059af PN |
1021 | |
1022 | Or from the REPL: | |
1023 | ||
d482e13f | 1024 | @lisp |
cf1e6f5f LC |
1025 | (add-to-load-path "/path/to/guix/checkout") |
1026 | ,use (guix build gnu-build-system) | |
1027 | (map first %standard-phases) | |
1028 | @result{} (set-SOURCE-DATE-EPOCH set-paths install-locale unpack bootstrap patch-usr-bin-file patch-source-shebangs configure patch-generated-file-shebangs build check install patch-shebangs strip validate-runpath validate-documentation-location delete-info-dir-file patch-dot-desktop-files install-license-files reset-gzip-timestamps compress-documentation) | |
d482e13f | 1029 | @end lisp |
ffe059af PN |
1030 | |
1031 | If you want to know more about what happens during those phases, consult the | |
1032 | associated procedures. | |
1033 | ||
1034 | For instance, as of this writing the definition of @code{unpack} for the GNU build | |
34513683 | 1035 | system is: |
ffe059af | 1036 | |
d482e13f | 1037 | @lisp |
ffe059af PN |
1038 | (define* (unpack #:key source #:allow-other-keys) |
1039 | "Unpack SOURCE in the working directory, and change directory within the | |
1040 | source. When SOURCE is a directory, copy it in a sub-directory of the current | |
1041 | working directory." | |
1042 | (if (file-is-directory? source) | |
1043 | (begin | |
1044 | (mkdir "source") | |
1045 | (chdir "source") | |
1046 | ||
1047 | ;; Preserve timestamps (set to the Epoch) on the copied tree so that | |
1048 | ;; things work deterministically. | |
1049 | (copy-recursively source "." | |
34513683 | 1050 | #:keep-mtime? #true)) |
ffe059af PN |
1051 | (begin |
1052 | (if (string-suffix? ".zip" source) | |
1053 | (invoke "unzip" source) | |
1054 | (invoke "tar" "xvf" source)) | |
1055 | (chdir (first-subdirectory ".")))) | |
34513683 | 1056 | #true) |
d482e13f | 1057 | @end lisp |
ffe059af PN |
1058 | |
1059 | Note the @code{chdir} call: it changes the working directory to where the source was | |
1060 | unpacked. | |
1061 | Thus every phase following the @code{unpack} will use the source as a working | |
1062 | directory, which is why we can directly work on the source files. | |
1063 | That is to say, unless a later phase changes the working directory to something | |
1064 | else. | |
1065 | ||
1066 | We modify the list of @code{%standard-phases} of the build system with the | |
1067 | @code{modify-phases} macro as per the list of specified modifications, which may have | |
1068 | the following forms: | |
1069 | ||
1070 | @itemize | |
1071 | @item | |
51f34e21 | 1072 | @code{(add-before @var{phase} @var{new-phase} @var{procedure})}: Run @var{procedure} named @var{new-phase} before @var{phase}. |
ffe059af | 1073 | @item |
51f34e21 | 1074 | @code{(add-after @var{phase} @var{new-phase} @var{procedure})}: Same, but afterwards. |
ffe059af | 1075 | @item |
51f34e21 | 1076 | @code{(replace @var{phase} @var{procedure})}. |
ffe059af | 1077 | @item |
51f34e21 | 1078 | @code{(delete @var{phase})}. |
ffe059af PN |
1079 | @end itemize |
1080 | ||
51f34e21 | 1081 | The @var{procedure} supports the keyword arguments @code{inputs} and @code{outputs}. Each |
ffe059af PN |
1082 | input (whether @emph{native}, @emph{propagated} or not) and output directory is referenced |
1083 | by their name in those variables. Thus @code{(assoc-ref outputs "out")} is the store | |
1084 | directory of the main output of the package. A phase procedure may look like | |
1085 | this: | |
1086 | ||
d482e13f | 1087 | @lisp |
ffe059af | 1088 | (lambda* (#:key inputs outputs #:allow-other-keys) |
78029882 LC |
1089 | (let ((bash-directory (assoc-ref inputs "bash")) |
1090 | (output-directory (assoc-ref outputs "out")) | |
1091 | (doc-directory (assoc-ref outputs "doc"))) | |
1092 | ;; ... | |
34513683 | 1093 | #true)) |
d482e13f | 1094 | @end lisp |
ffe059af | 1095 | |
cd958802 | 1096 | The procedure must return @code{#true} on success. It's brittle to rely on the return |
ffe059af | 1097 | value of the last expression used to tweak the phase because there is no |
cd958802 | 1098 | guarantee it would be a @code{#true}. Hence the trailing @code{#true} to ensure the right value |
ffe059af PN |
1099 | is returned on success. |
1100 | ||
1101 | @subsubsection Code staging | |
1102 | ||
1103 | The astute reader may have noticed the quasi-quote and comma syntax in the | |
1104 | argument field. Indeed, the build code in the package declaration should not be | |
1105 | evaluated on the client side, but only when passed to the Guix daemon. This | |
1106 | mechanism of passing code around two running processes is called @uref{https://arxiv.org/abs/1709.00833, code staging}. | |
1107 | ||
0cbef07b | 1108 | @subsubsection Utility functions |
ffe059af PN |
1109 | |
1110 | When customizing @code{phases}, we often need to write code that mimics the | |
cc765e47 | 1111 | equivalent system invocations (@code{make}, @code{mkdir}, @code{cp}, etc.)@: commonly used during |
0cbef07b | 1112 | regular ``Unix-style'' installations. |
ffe059af PN |
1113 | |
1114 | Some like @code{chmod} are native to Guile. | |
1115 | @xref{,,, guile, Guile reference manual} for a complete list. | |
1116 | ||
1117 | Guix provides additional helper functions which prove especially handy in the | |
1118 | context of package management. | |
1119 | ||
1120 | Some of those functions can be found in | |
1121 | @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/guix/guix/build/utils.scm}. Most of them mirror the behaviour | |
1122 | of the traditional Unix system commands: | |
1123 | ||
48720afb | 1124 | @table @code |
ffe059af PN |
1125 | @item which |
1126 | Like the @samp{which} system command. | |
1127 | @item find-files | |
1128 | Akin to the @samp{find} system command. | |
1129 | @item mkdir-p | |
1130 | Like @samp{mkdir -p}, which creates all parents as needed. | |
1131 | @item install-file | |
1132 | Similar to @samp{install} when installing a file to a (possibly | |
1133 | non-existing) directory. Guile has @code{copy-file} which works | |
1134 | like @samp{cp}. | |
1135 | @item copy-recursively | |
1136 | Like @samp{cp -r}. | |
1137 | @item delete-file-recursively | |
1138 | Like @samp{rm -rf}. | |
1139 | @item invoke | |
1140 | Run an executable. This should be used instead of @code{system*}. | |
1141 | @item with-directory-excursion | |
1142 | Run the body in a different working directory, | |
1143 | then restore the previous working directory. | |
1144 | @item substitute* | |
0cbef07b | 1145 | A ``@command{sed}-like'' function. |
ffe059af PN |
1146 | @end table |
1147 | ||
61263e1b LC |
1148 | @xref{Build Utilities,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}, for more |
1149 | information on these utilities. | |
1150 | ||
ffe059af PN |
1151 | @subsubsection Module prefix |
1152 | ||
1153 | The license in our last example needs a prefix: this is because of how the | |
1154 | @code{license} module was imported in the package, as @code{#:use-module ((guix licenses) | |
1155 | #:prefix license:)}. The Guile module import mechanism | |
1156 | (@pxref{Using Guile Modules,,, guile, Guile reference manual}) | |
1157 | gives the user full control over namespacing: this is needed to avoid | |
1158 | clashes between, say, the | |
1159 | @samp{zlib} variable from @samp{licenses.scm} (a @emph{license} value) and the @samp{zlib} variable | |
1160 | from @samp{compression.scm} (a @emph{package} value). | |
1161 | ||
1162 | @node Other build systems | |
1163 | @subsection Other build systems | |
1164 | ||
1165 | What we've seen so far covers the majority of packages using a build system | |
1166 | other than the @code{trivial-build-system}. The latter does not automate anything | |
1167 | and leaves you to build everything manually. This can be more demanding and we | |
1168 | won't cover it here for now, but thankfully it is rarely necessary to fall back | |
1169 | on this system. | |
1170 | ||
1171 | For the other build systems, such as ASDF, Emacs, Perl, Ruby and many more, the | |
1172 | process is very similar to the GNU build system except for a few specialized | |
1173 | arguments. | |
1174 | ||
a9e25512 LC |
1175 | @xref{Build Systems,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}, for more |
1176 | information on build systems, or check the source code in the | |
1177 | @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/guix/build} and | |
ffe059af | 1178 | @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/guix/build-system} directories. |
ffe059af PN |
1179 | |
1180 | @node Programmable and automated package definition | |
1181 | @subsection Programmable and automated package definition | |
1182 | ||
1183 | We can't repeat it enough: having a full-fledged programming language at hand | |
1184 | empowers us in ways that reach far beyond traditional package management. | |
1185 | ||
1186 | Let's illustrate this with some awesome features of Guix! | |
1187 | ||
1188 | @node Recursive importers | |
1189 | @subsubsection Recursive importers | |
1190 | ||
1191 | You might find some build systems good enough that there is little to do at all | |
1192 | to write a package, to the point that it becomes repetitive and tedious after a | |
1193 | while. A @emph{raison d'être} of computers is to replace human beings at those | |
1194 | boring tasks. So let's tell Guix to do this for us and create the package | |
1195 | definition of an R package from CRAN (the output is trimmed for conciseness): | |
1196 | ||
1197 | @example | |
1198 | $ guix import cran --recursive walrus | |
1199 | ||
1200 | (define-public r-mc2d | |
1201 | ; ... | |
1202 | (license gpl2+))) | |
1203 | ||
1204 | (define-public r-jmvcore | |
1205 | ; ... | |
1206 | (license gpl2+))) | |
1207 | ||
1208 | (define-public r-wrs2 | |
1209 | ; ... | |
1210 | (license gpl3))) | |
1211 | ||
1212 | (define-public r-walrus | |
1213 | (package | |
1214 | (name "r-walrus") | |
1215 | (version "1.0.3") | |
1216 | (source | |
1217 | (origin | |
1218 | (method url-fetch) | |
1219 | (uri (cran-uri "walrus" version)) | |
1220 | (sha256 | |
1221 | (base32 | |
1222 | "1nk2glcvy4hyksl5ipq2mz8jy4fss90hx6cq98m3w96kzjni6jjj")))) | |
1223 | (build-system r-build-system) | |
1224 | (propagated-inputs | |
1225 | `(("r-ggplot2" ,r-ggplot2) | |
1226 | ("r-jmvcore" ,r-jmvcore) | |
1227 | ("r-r6" ,r-r6) | |
1228 | ("r-wrs2" ,r-wrs2))) | |
1229 | (home-page "https://github.com/jamovi/walrus") | |
1230 | (synopsis "Robust Statistical Methods") | |
1231 | (description | |
1232 | "This package provides a toolbox of common robust statistical | |
1233 | tests, including robust descriptives, robust t-tests, and robust ANOVA. | |
1234 | It is also available as a module for 'jamovi' (see | |
1235 | <https://www.jamovi.org> for more information). Walrus is based on the | |
1236 | WRS2 package by Patrick Mair, which is in turn based on the scripts and | |
1237 | work of Rand Wilcox. These analyses are described in depth in the book | |
1238 | 'Introduction to Robust Estimation & Hypothesis Testing'.") | |
1239 | (license gpl3))) | |
1240 | @end example | |
1241 | ||
1242 | The recursive importer won't import packages for which Guix already has package | |
1243 | definitions, except for the very first. | |
1244 | ||
1245 | Not all applications can be packaged this way, only those relying on a select | |
1246 | number of supported systems. Read about the full list of importers in | |
1247 | the guix import section of the manual | |
1248 | (@pxref{Invoking guix import,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}). | |
1249 | ||
1250 | @node Automatic update | |
1251 | @subsubsection Automatic update | |
1252 | ||
1253 | Guix can be smart enough to check for updates on systems it knows. It can | |
1254 | report outdated package definitions with | |
1255 | ||
1256 | @example | |
1257 | $ guix refresh hello | |
1258 | @end example | |
1259 | ||
1260 | In most cases, updating a package to a newer version requires little more than | |
1261 | changing the version number and the checksum. Guix can do that automatically as | |
1262 | well: | |
1263 | ||
1264 | @example | |
1265 | $ guix refresh hello --update | |
1266 | @end example | |
1267 | ||
1268 | @node Inheritance | |
1269 | @subsubsection Inheritance | |
1270 | ||
1271 | If you've started browsing the existing package definitions, you might have | |
1272 | noticed that a significant number of them have a @code{inherit} field: | |
1273 | ||
d482e13f | 1274 | @lisp |
ffe059af PN |
1275 | (define-public adwaita-icon-theme |
1276 | (package (inherit gnome-icon-theme) | |
1277 | (name "adwaita-icon-theme") | |
1278 | (version "3.26.1") | |
1279 | (source (origin | |
1280 | (method url-fetch) | |
1281 | (uri (string-append "mirror://gnome/sources/" name "/" | |
1282 | (version-major+minor version) "/" | |
1283 | name "-" version ".tar.xz")) | |
1284 | (sha256 | |
1285 | (base32 | |
1286 | "17fpahgh5dyckgz7rwqvzgnhx53cx9kr2xw0szprc6bnqy977fi8")))) | |
1287 | (native-inputs | |
1288 | `(("gtk-encode-symbolic-svg" ,gtk+ "bin"))))) | |
d482e13f | 1289 | @end lisp |
ffe059af PN |
1290 | |
1291 | All unspecified fields are inherited from the parent package. This is very | |
1292 | convenient to create alternative packages, for instance with different source, | |
1293 | version or compilation options. | |
1294 | ||
1295 | @node Getting help | |
1296 | @subsection Getting help | |
1297 | ||
1298 | Sadly, some applications can be tough to package. Sometimes they need a patch to | |
e892b9c3 | 1299 | work with the non-standard file system hierarchy enforced by the store. |
ffe059af PN |
1300 | Sometimes the tests won't run properly. (They can be skipped but this is not |
1301 | recommended.) Other times the resulting package won't be reproducible. | |
1302 | ||
1303 | Should you be stuck, unable to figure out how to fix any sort of packaging | |
1304 | issue, don't hesitate to ask the community for help. | |
1305 | ||
1306 | See the @uref{https://www.gnu.org/software/guix/contact/, Guix homepage} for information on the mailing lists, IRC, etc. | |
1307 | ||
1308 | @node Conclusion | |
1309 | @subsection Conclusion | |
1310 | ||
1311 | This tutorial was a showcase of the sophisticated package management that Guix | |
1312 | boasts. At this point we have mostly restricted this introduction to the | |
1313 | @code{gnu-build-system} which is a core abstraction layer on which more advanced | |
1314 | abstractions are based. | |
1315 | ||
1316 | Where do we go from here? Next we ought to dissect the innards of the build | |
1317 | system by removing all abstractions, using the @code{trivial-build-system}: this | |
1318 | should give us a thorough understanding of the process before investigating some | |
1319 | more advanced packaging techniques and edge cases. | |
1320 | ||
1321 | Other features worth exploring are the interactive editing and debugging | |
1322 | capabilities of Guix provided by the Guile REPL@. | |
1323 | ||
1324 | Those fancy features are completely optional and can wait; now is a good time | |
1325 | to take a well-deserved break. With what we've introduced here you should be | |
1326 | well armed to package lots of programs. You can get started right away and | |
1327 | hopefully we will see your contributions soon! | |
1328 | ||
1329 | @node References | |
1330 | @subsection References | |
1331 | ||
1332 | @itemize | |
1333 | @item | |
1334 | The @uref{https://www.gnu.org/software/guix/manual/en/html_node/Defining-Packages.html, package reference in the manual} | |
1335 | ||
1336 | @item | |
1337 | @uref{https://gitlab.com/pjotrp/guix-notes/blob/master/HACKING.org, Pjotr’s hacking guide to GNU Guix} | |
1338 | ||
1339 | @item | |
0cbef07b | 1340 | @uref{https://www.gnu.org/software/guix/guix-ghm-andreas-20130823.pdf, ``GNU Guix: Package without a scheme!''}, by Andreas Enge |
ffe059af | 1341 | @end itemize |
7bc46ecc RW |
1342 | |
1343 | @c ********************************************************************* | |
1344 | @node System Configuration | |
1345 | @chapter System Configuration | |
1346 | ||
1347 | Guix offers a flexible language for declaratively configuring your Guix | |
1348 | System. This flexibility can at times be overwhelming. The purpose of this | |
1349 | chapter is to demonstrate some advanced configuration concepts. | |
1350 | ||
1351 | @pxref{System Configuration,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual} for a complete | |
1352 | reference. | |
1353 | ||
1354 | @menu | |
c2ff06e5 | 1355 | * Auto-Login to a Specific TTY:: Automatically Login a User to a Specific TTY |
65051fdc | 1356 | * Customizing the Kernel:: Creating and using a custom Linux kernel on Guix System. |
07ef129d | 1357 | * Guix System Image API:: Customizing images to target specific platforms. |
5c3e94cd | 1358 | * Connecting to Wireguard VPN:: Connecting to a Wireguard VPN. |
65051fdc | 1359 | * Customizing a Window Manager:: Handle customization of a Window manager on Guix System. |
191e79da | 1360 | * Running Guix on a Linode Server:: Running Guix on a Linode Server |
60651dd9 | 1361 | * Setting up a bind mount:: Setting up a bind mount in the file-systems definition. |
c987b723 | 1362 | * Getting substitutes from Tor:: Configuring Guix daemon to get substitutes through Tor. |
00014f76 | 1363 | * Setting up NGINX with Lua:: Configuring NGINX web-server to load Lua modules. |
7bc46ecc RW |
1364 | @end menu |
1365 | ||
c2ff06e5 JB |
1366 | @node Auto-Login to a Specific TTY |
1367 | @section Auto-Login to a Specific TTY | |
1368 | ||
1369 | While the Guix manual explains auto-login one user to @emph{all} TTYs ( | |
1370 | @pxref{auto-login to TTY,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}), some | |
1371 | might prefer a situation, in which one user is logged into one TTY with | |
1372 | the other TTYs either configured to login different users or no one at | |
1373 | all. Note that one can auto-login one user to any TTY, but it is | |
1374 | usually advisable to avoid @code{tty1}, which, by default, is used to | |
1375 | log warnings and errors. | |
1376 | ||
1377 | Here is how one might set up auto login for one user to one tty: | |
1378 | ||
1379 | @lisp | |
1380 | (define (auto-login-to-tty config tty user) | |
1381 | (if (string=? tty (mingetty-configuration-tty config)) | |
1382 | (mingetty-configuration | |
1383 | (inherit config) | |
1384 | (auto-login user)) | |
1385 | config)) | |
1386 | ||
1387 | (define %my-services | |
1388 | (modify-services %base-services | |
1389 | ;; @dots{} | |
1390 | (mingetty-service-type config => | |
1391 | (auto-login-to-tty | |
1392 | config "tty3" "alice")))) | |
1393 | ||
1394 | (operating-system | |
1395 | ;; @dots{} | |
1396 | (services %my-services)) | |
1397 | @end lisp | |
1398 | ||
1399 | One could also @code{compose} (@pxref{Higher-Order Functions,,, guile, | |
1400 | The Guile Reference Manual}) @code{auto-login-to-tty} to login multiple | |
1401 | users to multiple ttys. | |
1402 | ||
1403 | Finally, here is a note of caution. Setting up auto login to a TTY, | |
1404 | means that anyone can turn on your computer and run commands as your | |
1405 | regular user. | |
1406 | However, if you have an encrypted root partition, and thus already need | |
1407 | to enter a passphrase when the system boots, auto-login might be a | |
1408 | convenient option. | |
1409 | ||
1410 | ||
7bc46ecc RW |
1411 | @node Customizing the Kernel |
1412 | @section Customizing the Kernel | |
1413 | ||
1414 | Guix is, at its core, a source based distribution with substitutes | |
1415 | (@pxref{Substitutes,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}), and as such building | |
1416 | packages from their source code is an expected part of regular package | |
1417 | installations and upgrades. Given this starting point, it makes sense that | |
1418 | efforts are made to reduce the amount of time spent compiling packages, and | |
1419 | recent changes and upgrades to the building and distribution of substitutes | |
1420 | continues to be a topic of discussion within Guix. | |
1421 | ||
1422 | The kernel, while not requiring an overabundance of RAM to build, does take a | |
1423 | rather long time on an average machine. The official kernel configuration, as | |
1424 | is the case with many GNU/Linux distributions, errs on the side of | |
1425 | inclusiveness, and this is really what causes the build to take such a long | |
1426 | time when the kernel is built from source. | |
1427 | ||
1428 | The Linux kernel, however, can also just be described as a regular old | |
1429 | package, and as such can be customized just like any other package. The | |
1430 | procedure is a little bit different, although this is primarily due to the | |
1431 | nature of how the package definition is written. | |
1432 | ||
1433 | The @code{linux-libre} kernel package definition is actually a procedure which | |
1434 | creates a package. | |
1435 | ||
b1eecb5c | 1436 | @lisp |
7bc46ecc RW |
1437 | (define* (make-linux-libre version hash supported-systems |
1438 | #:key | |
1439 | ;; A function that takes an arch and a variant. | |
1440 | ;; See kernel-config for an example. | |
34513683 LC |
1441 | (extra-version #false) |
1442 | (configuration-file #false) | |
7bc46ecc RW |
1443 | (defconfig "defconfig") |
1444 | (extra-options %default-extra-linux-options) | |
1445 | (patches (list %boot-logo-patch))) | |
1446 | ...) | |
b1eecb5c | 1447 | @end lisp |
7bc46ecc RW |
1448 | |
1449 | The current @code{linux-libre} package is for the 5.1.x series, and is | |
1450 | declared like this: | |
1451 | ||
b1eecb5c | 1452 | @lisp |
7bc46ecc RW |
1453 | (define-public linux-libre |
1454 | (make-linux-libre %linux-libre-version | |
1455 | %linux-libre-hash | |
1456 | '("x86_64-linux" "i686-linux" "armhf-linux" "aarch64-linux") | |
1457 | #:patches %linux-libre-5.1-patches | |
1458 | #:configuration-file kernel-config)) | |
b1eecb5c | 1459 | @end lisp |
7bc46ecc RW |
1460 | |
1461 | Any keys which are not assigned values inherit their default value from the | |
1462 | @code{make-linux-libre} definition. When comparing the two snippets above, | |
1463 | you may notice that the code comment in the first doesn't actually refer to | |
1464 | the @code{#:extra-version} keyword; it is actually for | |
1465 | @code{#:configuration-file}. Because of this, it is not actually easy to | |
1466 | include a custom kernel configuration from the definition, but don't worry, | |
1467 | there are other ways to work with what we do have. | |
1468 | ||
1469 | There are two ways to create a kernel with a custom kernel configuration. The | |
1470 | first is to provide a standard @file{.config} file during the build process by | |
1471 | including an actual @file{.config} file as a native input to our custom | |
1472 | kernel. The following is a snippet from the custom @code{'configure} phase of | |
1473 | the @code{make-linux-libre} package definition: | |
1474 | ||
b1eecb5c | 1475 | @lisp |
7bc46ecc RW |
1476 | (let ((build (assoc-ref %standard-phases 'build)) |
1477 | (config (assoc-ref (or native-inputs inputs) "kconfig"))) | |
1478 | ||
1479 | ;; Use a custom kernel configuration file or a default | |
1480 | ;; configuration file. | |
1481 | (if config | |
1482 | (begin | |
1483 | (copy-file config ".config") | |
1484 | (chmod ".config" #o666)) | |
f5414906 | 1485 | (invoke "make" ,defconfig))) |
b1eecb5c | 1486 | @end lisp |
7bc46ecc RW |
1487 | |
1488 | Below is a sample kernel package. The @code{linux-libre} package is nothing | |
1489 | special and can be inherited from and have its fields overridden like any | |
1490 | other package: | |
1491 | ||
b1eecb5c | 1492 | @lisp |
7bc46ecc RW |
1493 | (define-public linux-libre/E2140 |
1494 | (package | |
1495 | (inherit linux-libre) | |
1496 | (native-inputs | |
1497 | `(("kconfig" ,(local-file "E2140.config")) | |
1498 | ,@@(alist-delete "kconfig" | |
1499 | (package-native-inputs linux-libre)))))) | |
b1eecb5c | 1500 | @end lisp |
7bc46ecc RW |
1501 | |
1502 | In the same directory as the file defining @code{linux-libre-E2140} is a file | |
1503 | named @file{E2140.config}, which is an actual kernel configuration file. The | |
1504 | @code{defconfig} keyword of @code{make-linux-libre} is left blank here, so the | |
1505 | only kernel configuration in the package is the one which was included in the | |
1506 | @code{native-inputs} field. | |
1507 | ||
1508 | The second way to create a custom kernel is to pass a new value to the | |
1509 | @code{extra-options} keyword of the @code{make-linux-libre} procedure. The | |
1510 | @code{extra-options} keyword works with another function defined right below | |
1511 | it: | |
1512 | ||
b1eecb5c | 1513 | @lisp |
7bc46ecc RW |
1514 | (define %default-extra-linux-options |
1515 | `(;; https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/guix-devel/2014-04/msg00039.html | |
34513683 | 1516 | ("CONFIG_DEVPTS_MULTIPLE_INSTANCES" . #true) |
7bc46ecc RW |
1517 | ;; Modules required for initrd: |
1518 | ("CONFIG_NET_9P" . m) | |
1519 | ("CONFIG_NET_9P_VIRTIO" . m) | |
1520 | ("CONFIG_VIRTIO_BLK" . m) | |
1521 | ("CONFIG_VIRTIO_NET" . m) | |
1522 | ("CONFIG_VIRTIO_PCI" . m) | |
1523 | ("CONFIG_VIRTIO_BALLOON" . m) | |
1524 | ("CONFIG_VIRTIO_MMIO" . m) | |
1525 | ("CONFIG_FUSE_FS" . m) | |
1526 | ("CONFIG_CIFS" . m) | |
1527 | ("CONFIG_9P_FS" . m))) | |
1528 | ||
1529 | (define (config->string options) | |
1530 | (string-join (map (match-lambda | |
1531 | ((option . 'm) | |
1532 | (string-append option "=m")) | |
34513683 | 1533 | ((option . #true) |
7bc46ecc | 1534 | (string-append option "=y")) |
34513683 | 1535 | ((option . #false) |
7bc46ecc RW |
1536 | (string-append option "=n"))) |
1537 | options) | |
1538 | "\n")) | |
b1eecb5c | 1539 | @end lisp |
7bc46ecc RW |
1540 | |
1541 | And in the custom configure script from the `make-linux-libre` package: | |
1542 | ||
b1eecb5c | 1543 | @lisp |
7bc46ecc RW |
1544 | ;; Appending works even when the option wasn't in the |
1545 | ;; file. The last one prevails if duplicated. | |
1546 | (let ((port (open-file ".config" "a")) | |
1547 | (extra-configuration ,(config->string extra-options))) | |
1548 | (display extra-configuration port) | |
1549 | (close-port port)) | |
1550 | ||
f5414906 | 1551 | (invoke "make" "oldconfig") |
b1eecb5c | 1552 | @end lisp |
7bc46ecc RW |
1553 | |
1554 | So by not providing a configuration-file the @file{.config} starts blank, and | |
1555 | then we write into it the collection of flags that we want. Here's another | |
1556 | custom kernel: | |
1557 | ||
b1eecb5c | 1558 | @lisp |
7bc46ecc RW |
1559 | (define %macbook41-full-config |
1560 | (append %macbook41-config-options | |
e892b9c3 | 1561 | %file-systems |
7bc46ecc RW |
1562 | %efi-support |
1563 | %emulation | |
1564 | (@@@@ (gnu packages linux) %default-extra-linux-options))) | |
1565 | ||
1566 | (define-public linux-libre-macbook41 | |
1567 | ;; XXX: Access the internal 'make-linux-libre' procedure, which is | |
1568 | ;; private and unexported, and is liable to change in the future. | |
1569 | ((@@@@ (gnu packages linux) make-linux-libre) (@@@@ (gnu packages linux) %linux-libre-version) | |
1570 | (@@@@ (gnu packages linux) %linux-libre-hash) | |
1571 | '("x86_64-linux") | |
1572 | #:extra-version "macbook41" | |
1573 | #:patches (@@@@ (gnu packages linux) %linux-libre-5.1-patches) | |
1574 | #:extra-options %macbook41-config-options)) | |
b1eecb5c | 1575 | @end lisp |
7bc46ecc | 1576 | |
e892b9c3 TGR |
1577 | In the above example @code{%file-systems} is a collection of flags enabling |
1578 | different file system support, @code{%efi-support} enables EFI support and | |
7bc46ecc RW |
1579 | @code{%emulation} enables a x86_64-linux machine to act in 32-bit mode also. |
1580 | @code{%default-extra-linux-options} are the ones quoted above, which had to be | |
1581 | added in since they were replaced in the @code{extra-options} keyword. | |
1582 | ||
1583 | This all sounds like it should be doable, but how does one even know which | |
1584 | modules are required for a particular system? Two places that can be helpful | |
1585 | in trying to answer this question is the | |
1586 | @uref{https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Handbook:AMD64/Installation/Kernel, Gentoo | |
1587 | Handbook} and the | |
1588 | @uref{https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/README.html?highlight=localmodconfig, | |
1589 | documentation from the kernel itself}. From the kernel documentation, it | |
1590 | seems that @code{make localmodconfig} is the command we want. | |
1591 | ||
1592 | In order to actually run @code{make localmodconfig} we first need to get and | |
1593 | unpack the kernel source code: | |
1594 | ||
1595 | @example shell | |
1596 | tar xf $(guix build linux-libre --source) | |
1597 | @end example | |
1598 | ||
1599 | Once inside the directory containing the source code run @code{touch .config} | |
1600 | to create an initial, empty @file{.config} to start with. @code{make | |
1601 | localmodconfig} works by seeing what you already have in @file{.config} and | |
1602 | letting you know what you're missing. If the file is blank then you're | |
1603 | missing everything. The next step is to run: | |
1604 | ||
1605 | @example shell | |
1606 | guix environment linux-libre -- make localmodconfig | |
1607 | @end example | |
1608 | ||
1609 | and note the output. Do note that the @file{.config} file is still empty. | |
1610 | The output generally contains two types of warnings. The first start with | |
1611 | "WARNING" and can actually be ignored in our case. The second read: | |
1612 | ||
1613 | @example shell | |
1614 | module pcspkr did not have configs CONFIG_INPUT_PCSPKR | |
1615 | @end example | |
1616 | ||
1617 | For each of these lines, copy the @code{CONFIG_XXXX_XXXX} portion into the | |
1618 | @file{.config} in the directory, and append @code{=m}, so in the end it looks | |
1619 | like this: | |
1620 | ||
1621 | @example shell | |
1622 | CONFIG_INPUT_PCSPKR=m | |
1623 | CONFIG_VIRTIO=m | |
1624 | @end example | |
1625 | ||
1626 | After copying all the configuration options, run @code{make localmodconfig} | |
0cbef07b | 1627 | again to make sure that you don't have any output starting with ``module''. |
7bc46ecc RW |
1628 | After all of these machine specific modules there are a couple more left that |
1629 | are also needed. @code{CONFIG_MODULES} is necessary so that you can build and | |
1630 | load modules separately and not have everything built into the kernel. | |
1631 | @code{CONFIG_BLK_DEV_SD} is required for reading from hard drives. It is | |
1632 | possible that there are other modules which you will need. | |
1633 | ||
1634 | This post does not aim to be a guide to configuring your own kernel however, | |
1635 | so if you do decide to build a custom kernel you'll have to seek out other | |
1636 | guides to create a kernel which is just right for your needs. | |
1637 | ||
1638 | The second way to setup the kernel configuration makes more use of Guix's | |
1639 | features and allows you to share configuration segments between different | |
1640 | kernels. For example, all machines using EFI to boot have a number of EFI | |
1641 | configuration flags that they need. It is likely that all the kernels will | |
e892b9c3 | 1642 | share a list of file systems to support. By using variables it is easier to |
7bc46ecc RW |
1643 | see at a glance what features are enabled and to make sure you don't have |
1644 | features in one kernel but missing in another. | |
1645 | ||
1646 | Left undiscussed however, is Guix's initrd and its customization. It is | |
1647 | likely that you'll need to modify the initrd on a machine using a custom | |
1648 | kernel, since certain modules which are expected to be built may not be | |
1649 | available for inclusion into the initrd. | |
1650 | ||
07ef129d JB |
1651 | @node Guix System Image API |
1652 | @section Guix System Image API | |
1653 | ||
1654 | Historically, Guix System is centered around an @code{operating-system} | |
1655 | structure. This structure contains various fields ranging from the | |
1656 | bootloader and kernel declaration to the services to install. | |
1657 | ||
1658 | Depending on the target machine, that can go from a standard | |
1659 | @code{x86_64} machine to a small ARM single board computer such as the | |
1660 | Pine64, the image constraints can vary a lot. The hardware | |
1661 | manufacturers will impose different image formats with various partition | |
1662 | sizes and offsets. | |
1663 | ||
1664 | To create images suitable for all those machines, a new abstraction is | |
1665 | necessary: that's the goal of the @code{image} record. This record | |
1666 | contains all the required information to be transformed into a | |
1667 | standalone image, that can be directly booted on any target machine. | |
1668 | ||
1669 | @lisp | |
1670 | (define-record-type* <image> | |
1671 | image make-image | |
1672 | image? | |
1673 | (name image-name ;symbol | |
1674 | (default #f)) | |
1675 | (format image-format) ;symbol | |
1676 | (target image-target | |
1677 | (default #f)) | |
1678 | (size image-size ;size in bytes as integer | |
1679 | (default 'guess)) | |
1680 | (operating-system image-operating-system ;<operating-system> | |
1681 | (default #f)) | |
1682 | (partitions image-partitions ;list of <partition> | |
1683 | (default '())) | |
1684 | (compression? image-compression? ;boolean | |
1685 | (default #t)) | |
1686 | (volatile-root? image-volatile-root? ;boolean | |
1687 | (default #t)) | |
1688 | (substitutable? image-substitutable? ;boolean | |
1689 | (default #t))) | |
1690 | @end lisp | |
1691 | ||
1692 | This record contains the operating-system to instantiate. The | |
1693 | @code{format} field defines the image type and can be @code{efi-raw}, | |
1694 | @code{qcow2} or @code{iso9660} for instance. In the future, it could be | |
1695 | extended to @code{docker} or other image types. | |
1696 | ||
1697 | A new directory in the Guix sources is dedicated to images definition. For now | |
1698 | there are four files: | |
1699 | ||
1700 | @itemize @bullet | |
1701 | @item @file{gnu/system/images/hurd.scm} | |
1702 | @item @file{gnu/system/images/pine64.scm} | |
1703 | @item @file{gnu/system/images/novena.scm} | |
1704 | @item @file{gnu/system/images/pinebook-pro.scm} | |
1705 | @end itemize | |
1706 | ||
1707 | Let's have a look to @file{pine64.scm}. It contains the | |
1708 | @code{pine64-barebones-os} variable which is a minimal definition of an | |
1709 | operating-system dedicated to the @b{Pine A64 LTS} board. | |
1710 | ||
1711 | @lisp | |
1712 | (define pine64-barebones-os | |
1713 | (operating-system | |
1714 | (host-name "vignemale") | |
1715 | (timezone "Europe/Paris") | |
1716 | (locale "en_US.utf8") | |
1717 | (bootloader (bootloader-configuration | |
1718 | (bootloader u-boot-pine64-lts-bootloader) | |
da4e4094 | 1719 | (targets '("/dev/vda")))) |
07ef129d JB |
1720 | (initrd-modules '()) |
1721 | (kernel linux-libre-arm64-generic) | |
1722 | (file-systems (cons (file-system | |
1723 | (device (file-system-label "my-root")) | |
1724 | (mount-point "/") | |
1725 | (type "ext4")) | |
1726 | %base-file-systems)) | |
1727 | (services (cons (service agetty-service-type | |
1728 | (agetty-configuration | |
1729 | (extra-options '("-L")) ; no carrier detect | |
1730 | (baud-rate "115200") | |
1731 | (term "vt100") | |
1732 | (tty "ttyS0"))) | |
1733 | %base-services)))) | |
1734 | @end lisp | |
1735 | ||
1736 | The @code{kernel} and @code{bootloader} fields are pointing to packages | |
1737 | dedicated to this board. | |
1738 | ||
1739 | Right below, the @code{pine64-image-type} variable is also defined. | |
1740 | ||
1741 | @lisp | |
1742 | (define pine64-image-type | |
1743 | (image-type | |
1744 | (name 'pine64-raw) | |
1745 | (constructor (cut image-with-os arm64-disk-image <>)))) | |
1746 | @end lisp | |
1747 | ||
1748 | It's using a record we haven't talked about yet, the @code{image-type} record, | |
1749 | defined this way: | |
1750 | ||
1751 | @lisp | |
1752 | (define-record-type* <image-type> | |
1753 | image-type make-image-type | |
1754 | image-type? | |
1755 | (name image-type-name) ;symbol | |
1756 | (constructor image-type-constructor)) ;<operating-system> -> <image> | |
1757 | @end lisp | |
1758 | ||
1759 | The main purpose of this record is to associate a name to a procedure | |
1760 | transforming an @code{operating-system} to an image. To understand why | |
1761 | it is necessary, let's have a look to the command producing an image | |
1762 | from an @code{operating-system} configuration file: | |
1763 | ||
1764 | @example | |
1765 | guix system image my-os.scm | |
1766 | @end example | |
1767 | ||
1768 | This command expects an @code{operating-system} configuration but how | |
1769 | should we indicate that we want an image targeting a Pine64 board? We | |
1770 | need to provide an extra information, the @code{image-type}, by passing | |
1771 | the @code{--image-type} or @code{-t} flag, this way: | |
1772 | ||
1773 | @example | |
1774 | guix system image --image-type=pine64-raw my-os.scm | |
1775 | @end example | |
1776 | ||
1777 | This @code{image-type} parameter points to the @code{pine64-image-type} | |
1778 | defined above. Hence, the @code{operating-system} declared in | |
1779 | @code{my-os.scm} will be applied the @code{(cut image-with-os | |
1780 | arm64-disk-image <>)} procedure to turn it into an image. | |
1781 | ||
1782 | The resulting image looks like: | |
1783 | ||
1784 | @lisp | |
1785 | (image | |
1786 | (format 'disk-image) | |
1787 | (target "aarch64-linux-gnu") | |
1788 | (operating-system my-os) | |
1789 | (partitions | |
1790 | (list (partition | |
1791 | (inherit root-partition) | |
1792 | (offset root-offset))))) | |
1793 | @end lisp | |
1794 | ||
1795 | which is the aggregation of the @code{operating-system} defined in | |
1796 | @code{my-os.scm} to the @code{arm64-disk-image} record. | |
1797 | ||
1798 | But enough Scheme madness. What does this image API bring to the Guix user? | |
1799 | ||
1800 | One can run: | |
1801 | ||
1802 | @example | |
1803 | mathieu@@cervin:~$ guix system --list-image-types | |
1804 | The available image types are: | |
1805 | ||
1806 | - pinebook-pro-raw | |
1807 | - pine64-raw | |
1808 | - novena-raw | |
1809 | - hurd-raw | |
1810 | - hurd-qcow2 | |
1811 | - qcow2 | |
1812 | - uncompressed-iso9660 | |
1813 | - efi-raw | |
1814 | - arm64-raw | |
1815 | - arm32-raw | |
1816 | - iso9660 | |
1817 | @end example | |
1818 | ||
1819 | and by writing an @code{operating-system} file based on | |
1820 | @code{pine64-barebones-os}, you can customize your image to your | |
1821 | preferences in a file (@file{my-pine-os.scm}) like this: | |
1822 | ||
1823 | @lisp | |
1824 | (use-modules (gnu services linux) | |
1825 | (gnu system images pine64)) | |
1826 | ||
1827 | (let ((base-os pine64-barebones-os)) | |
1828 | (operating-system | |
1829 | (inherit base-os) | |
1830 | (timezone "America/Indiana/Indianapolis") | |
1831 | (services | |
1832 | (cons | |
1833 | (service earlyoom-service-type | |
1834 | (earlyoom-configuration | |
1835 | (prefer-regexp "icecat|chromium"))) | |
1836 | (operating-system-user-services base-os))))) | |
1837 | @end lisp | |
1838 | ||
1839 | run: | |
1840 | ||
1841 | @example | |
1842 | guix system image --image-type=pine64-raw my-pine-os.scm | |
1843 | @end example | |
1844 | ||
1845 | or, | |
1846 | ||
1847 | @example | |
1848 | guix system image --image-type=hurd-raw my-hurd-os.scm | |
1849 | @end example | |
1850 | ||
1851 | to get an image that can be written directly to a hard drive and booted | |
1852 | from. | |
1853 | ||
1854 | Without changing anything to @code{my-hurd-os.scm}, calling: | |
1855 | ||
1856 | @example | |
1857 | guix system image --image-type=hurd-qcow2 my-hurd-os.scm | |
1858 | @end example | |
1859 | ||
1860 | will instead produce a Hurd QEMU image. | |
1861 | ||
5c3e94cd MK |
1862 | @node Connecting to Wireguard VPN |
1863 | @section Connecting to Wireguard VPN | |
1864 | ||
1865 | To connect to a Wireguard VPN server you need the kernel module to be | |
1866 | loaded in memory and a package providing networking tools that support | |
1867 | it (e.g. @code{wireguard-tools} or @code{network-manager}). | |
1868 | ||
1869 | Here is a configuration example for Linux-Libre < 5.6, where the module | |
1870 | is out of tree and need to be loaded manually---following revisions of | |
1871 | the kernel have it built-in and so don't need such configuration: | |
1872 | ||
1873 | @lisp | |
1874 | (use-modules (gnu)) | |
1875 | (use-service-modules desktop) | |
1876 | (use-package-modules vpn) | |
1877 | ||
1878 | (operating-system | |
1879 | ;; … | |
1880 | (services (cons (simple-service 'wireguard-module | |
1881 | kernel-module-loader-service-type | |
1882 | '("wireguard")) | |
1883 | %desktop-services)) | |
1884 | (packages (cons wireguard-tools %base-packages)) | |
1885 | (kernel-loadable-modules (list wireguard-linux-compat))) | |
1886 | @end lisp | |
1887 | ||
1888 | After reconfiguring and restarting your system you can either use | |
1889 | Wireguard tools or NetworkManager to connect to a VPN server. | |
1890 | ||
1891 | @subsection Using Wireguard tools | |
1892 | ||
1893 | To test your Wireguard setup it is convenient to use @command{wg-quick}. | |
1894 | Just give it a configuration file @command{wg-quick up ./wg0.conf}; or | |
1895 | put that file in @file{/etc/wireguard} and run @command{wg-quick up wg0} | |
1896 | instead. | |
1897 | ||
1898 | @quotation Note | |
1899 | Be warned that the author described this command as a: “[…] very quick | |
1900 | and dirty bash script […]”. | |
1901 | @end quotation | |
1902 | ||
1903 | @subsection Using NetworkManager | |
1904 | ||
1905 | Thanks to NetworkManager support for Wireguard we can connect to our VPN | |
1906 | using @command{nmcli} command. Up to this point this guide assumes that | |
1907 | you're using Network Manager service provided by | |
1908 | @code{%desktop-services}. Ortherwise you need to adjust your services | |
1909 | list to load @code{network-manager-service-type} and reconfigure your | |
1910 | Guix system. | |
1911 | ||
1912 | To import your VPN configuration execute nmcli import command: | |
1913 | ||
1914 | @example shell | |
1915 | # nmcli connection import type wireguard file wg0.conf | |
1916 | Connection 'wg0' (edbee261-aa5a-42db-b032-6c7757c60fde) successfully added | |
1917 | @end example | |
1918 | ||
1919 | This will create a configuration file in | |
1920 | @file{/etc/NetworkManager/wg0.nmconnection}. Next connect to the | |
1921 | Wireguard server: | |
1922 | ||
1923 | @example shell | |
1924 | $ nmcli connection up wg0 | |
1925 | Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/6) | |
1926 | @end example | |
1927 | ||
1928 | By default NetworkManager will connect automatically on system boot. To | |
1929 | change that behaviour you need to edit your config: | |
1930 | ||
1931 | @example shell | |
1932 | # nmcli connection modify wg0 connection.autoconnect no | |
1933 | @end example | |
1934 | ||
1935 | For more specific information about NetworkManager and wireguard | |
1936 | @uref{https://blogs.gnome.org/thaller/2019/03/15/wireguard-in-networkmanager/,see | |
1937 | this post by thaller}. | |
1938 | ||
65051fdc OP |
1939 | @node Customizing a Window Manager |
1940 | @section Customizing a Window Manager | |
1941 | @cindex wm | |
1942 | ||
1943 | @node StumpWM | |
1944 | @subsection StumpWM | |
1945 | @cindex stumpwm | |
1946 | ||
1947 | You could install StumpWM with a Guix system by adding | |
145df67b | 1948 | @code{stumpwm} and optionally @code{`(,stumpwm "lib")} |
cc765e47 | 1949 | packages to a system configuration file, e.g.@: @file{/etc/config.scm}. |
65051fdc OP |
1950 | |
1951 | An example configuration can look like this: | |
1952 | ||
1953 | @lisp | |
1954 | (use-modules (gnu)) | |
1955 | (use-package-modules wm) | |
1956 | ||
1957 | (operating-system | |
1958 | ;; … | |
145df67b | 1959 | (packages (append (list sbcl stumpwm `(,stumpwm "lib")) |
65051fdc OP |
1960 | %base-packages))) |
1961 | @end lisp | |
1962 | ||
1963 | @cindex stumpwm fonts | |
1964 | By default StumpWM uses X11 fonts, which could be small or pixelated on | |
1965 | your system. You could fix this by installing StumpWM contrib Lisp | |
751d1f01 | 1966 | module @code{sbcl-ttf-fonts}, adding it to Guix system packages: |
65051fdc OP |
1967 | |
1968 | @lisp | |
1969 | (use-modules (gnu)) | |
1970 | (use-package-modules fonts wm) | |
1971 | ||
1972 | (operating-system | |
1973 | ;; … | |
145df67b | 1974 | (packages (append (list sbcl stumpwm `(,stumpwm "lib")) |
751d1f01 | 1975 | sbcl-ttf-fonts font-dejavu %base-packages))) |
65051fdc OP |
1976 | @end lisp |
1977 | ||
1978 | Then you need to add the following code to a StumpWM configuration file | |
1979 | @file{~/.stumpwm.d/init.lisp}: | |
1980 | ||
1981 | @lisp | |
1982 | (require :ttf-fonts) | |
1983 | (setf xft:*font-dirs* '("/run/current-system/profile/share/fonts/")) | |
1984 | (setf clx-truetype:+font-cache-filename+ (concat (getenv "HOME") "/.fonts/font-cache.sexp")) | |
1985 | (xft:cache-fonts) | |
1986 | (set-font (make-instance 'xft:font :family "DejaVu Sans Mono" :subfamily "Book" :size 11)) | |
1987 | @end lisp | |
1988 | ||
3142191d CB |
1989 | @node Session lock |
1990 | @subsection Session lock | |
1991 | @cindex sessionlock | |
1992 | ||
1993 | Depending on your environment, locking the screen of your session might come built in | |
1994 | or it might be something you have to set up yourself. If you use a desktop environment | |
1995 | like GNOME or KDE, it's usually built in. If you use a plain window manager like | |
1996 | StumpWM or EXWM, you might have to set it up yourself. | |
1997 | ||
1998 | @node Xorg | |
1999 | @subsubsection Xorg | |
2000 | ||
2001 | If you use Xorg, you can use the utility | |
2002 | @uref{https://www.mankier.com/1/xss-lock, xss-lock} to lock the screen of your session. | |
2003 | xss-lock is triggered by DPMS which since Xorg 1.8 is auto-detected and enabled if | |
2004 | ACPI is also enabled at kernel runtime. | |
2005 | ||
2006 | To use xss-lock, you can simple execute it and put it into the background before | |
2007 | you start your window manager from e.g. your @file{~/.xsession}: | |
2008 | ||
2009 | @example | |
2010 | xss-lock -- slock & | |
2011 | exec stumpwm | |
2012 | @end example | |
2013 | ||
2014 | In this example, xss-lock uses @code{slock} to do the actual locking of the screen when | |
2015 | it determines it's appropriate, like when you suspend your device. | |
2016 | ||
2017 | For slock to be allowed to be a screen locker for the graphical session, it needs to | |
2018 | be made setuid-root so it can authenticate users, and it needs a PAM service. This | |
2019 | can be achieved by adding the following service to your @file{config.scm}: | |
2020 | ||
2021 | @lisp | |
2022 | (screen-locker-service slock) | |
2023 | @end lisp | |
2024 | ||
2025 | If you manually lock your screen, e.g. by directly calling slock when you want to lock | |
2026 | your screen but not suspend it, it's a good idea to notify xss-lock about this so no | |
2027 | confusion occurs. This can be done by executing @code{xset s activate} immediately | |
2028 | before you execute slock. | |
2029 | ||
191e79da JB |
2030 | @node Running Guix on a Linode Server |
2031 | @section Running Guix on a Linode Server | |
2032 | @cindex linode, Linode | |
2033 | ||
2034 | To run Guix on a server hosted by @uref{https://www.linode.com, Linode}, | |
2035 | start with a recommended Debian server. We recommend using the default | |
2036 | distro as a way to bootstrap Guix. Create your SSH keys. | |
2037 | ||
2038 | @example | |
2039 | ssh-keygen | |
2040 | @end example | |
2041 | ||
2042 | Be sure to add your SSH key for easy login to the remote server. | |
2043 | This is trivially done via Linode's graphical interface for adding | |
2044 | SSH keys. Go to your profile and click add SSH Key. | |
2045 | Copy into it the output of: | |
2046 | ||
2047 | @example | |
2048 | cat ~/.ssh/<username>_rsa.pub | |
2049 | @end example | |
2050 | ||
de153970 GS |
2051 | Power the Linode down. |
2052 | ||
2053 | In the Linode's Storage tab, resize the Debian disk to be smaller. | |
2054 | 30 GB free space is recommended. Then click "Add a disk", and fill | |
2055 | out the form with the following: | |
191e79da | 2056 | |
191e79da JB |
2057 | @itemize @bullet |
2058 | @item | |
2059 | Label: "Guix" | |
2060 | ||
2061 | @item | |
2062 | Filesystem: ext4 | |
2063 | ||
2064 | @item | |
2065 | Set it to the remaining size | |
2066 | @end itemize | |
2067 | ||
de153970 GS |
2068 | In the Configurations tab, press "Edit" on the default Debian profile. |
2069 | Under "Block Device Assignment" click "Add a Device". It should be | |
2070 | @file{/dev/sdc} and you can select the "Guix" disk. Save Changes. | |
191e79da JB |
2071 | |
2072 | Now "Add a Configuration", with the following: | |
2073 | @itemize @bullet | |
2074 | @item | |
2075 | Label: Guix | |
2076 | ||
2077 | @item | |
2078 | Kernel:GRUB 2 (it's at the bottom! This step is @b{IMPORTANT!}) | |
2079 | ||
2080 | @item | |
2081 | Block device assignment: | |
2082 | ||
2083 | @item | |
2084 | @file{/dev/sda}: Guix | |
2085 | ||
2086 | @item | |
2087 | @file{/dev/sdb}: swap | |
2088 | ||
2089 | @item | |
2090 | Root device: @file{/dev/sda} | |
2091 | ||
2092 | @item | |
2093 | Turn off all the filesystem/boot helpers | |
2094 | @end itemize | |
2095 | ||
de153970 GS |
2096 | Now power it back up, booting with the Debian configuration. Once it's |
2097 | running, ssh to your server via @code{ssh | |
191e79da JB |
2098 | root@@@var{<your-server-IP-here>}}. (You can find your server IP address in |
2099 | your Linode Summary section.) Now you can run the "install guix from | |
2100 | @pxref{Binary Installation,,, guix, GNU Guix}" steps: | |
2101 | ||
2102 | @example | |
2103 | sudo apt-get install gpg | |
2104 | wget https://sv.gnu.org/people/viewgpg.php?user_id=15145 -qO - | gpg --import - | |
2105 | wget https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/guix.git/plain/etc/guix-install.sh | |
2106 | chmod +x guix-install.sh | |
2107 | ./guix-install.sh | |
2108 | guix pull | |
2109 | @end example | |
2110 | ||
2111 | Now it's time to write out a config for the server. The key information | |
2112 | is below. Save the resulting file as @file{guix-config.scm}. | |
2113 | ||
2114 | @lisp | |
2115 | (use-modules (gnu) | |
2116 | (guix modules)) | |
2117 | (use-service-modules networking | |
2118 | ssh) | |
2119 | (use-package-modules admin | |
2120 | certs | |
2121 | package-management | |
2122 | ssh | |
2123 | tls) | |
2124 | ||
2125 | (operating-system | |
2126 | (host-name "my-server") | |
2127 | (timezone "America/New_York") | |
2128 | (locale "en_US.UTF-8") | |
2129 | ;; This goofy code will generate the grub.cfg | |
2130 | ;; without installing the grub bootloader on disk. | |
2131 | (bootloader (bootloader-configuration | |
2132 | (bootloader | |
2133 | (bootloader | |
2134 | (inherit grub-bootloader) | |
34513683 | 2135 | (installer #~(const #true)))))) |
191e79da JB |
2136 | (file-systems (cons (file-system |
2137 | (device "/dev/sda") | |
2138 | (mount-point "/") | |
2139 | (type "ext4")) | |
2140 | %base-file-systems)) | |
2141 | ||
2142 | ||
2143 | (swap-devices (list "/dev/sdb")) | |
2144 | ||
2145 | ||
2146 | (initrd-modules (cons "virtio_scsi" ; Needed to find the disk | |
2147 | %base-initrd-modules)) | |
2148 | ||
2149 | (users (cons (user-account | |
2150 | (name "janedoe") | |
2151 | (group "users") | |
2152 | ;; Adding the account to the "wheel" group | |
2153 | ;; makes it a sudoer. | |
2154 | (supplementary-groups '("wheel")) | |
2155 | (home-directory "/home/janedoe")) | |
2156 | %base-user-accounts)) | |
2157 | ||
2158 | (packages (cons* nss-certs ;for HTTPS access | |
2159 | openssh-sans-x | |
2160 | %base-packages)) | |
2161 | ||
2162 | (services (cons* | |
2163 | (service dhcp-client-service-type) | |
2164 | (service openssh-service-type | |
2165 | (openssh-configuration | |
2166 | (openssh openssh-sans-x) | |
34513683 | 2167 | (password-authentication? #false) |
191e79da JB |
2168 | (authorized-keys |
2169 | `(("janedoe" ,(local-file "janedoe_rsa.pub")) | |
2170 | ("root" ,(local-file "janedoe_rsa.pub")))))) | |
2171 | %base-services))) | |
2172 | @end lisp | |
2173 | ||
2174 | Replace the following fields in the above configuration: | |
2175 | @lisp | |
2176 | (host-name "my-server") ; replace with your server name | |
2177 | ; if you chose a linode server outside the U.S., then | |
2178 | ; use tzselect to find a correct timezone string | |
2179 | (timezone "America/New_York") ; if needed replace timezone | |
2180 | (name "janedoe") ; replace with your username | |
2181 | ("janedoe" ,(local-file "janedoe_rsa.pub")) ; replace with your ssh key | |
2182 | ("root" ,(local-file "janedoe_rsa.pub")) ; replace with your ssh key | |
2183 | @end lisp | |
2184 | ||
2185 | The last line in the above example lets you log into the server as root | |
de153970 GS |
2186 | and set the initial root password (see the note at the end of this |
2187 | recipe about root login). After you have done this, you may | |
191e79da JB |
2188 | delete that line from your configuration and reconfigure to prevent root |
2189 | login. | |
2190 | ||
de153970 GS |
2191 | Copy your ssh public key (eg: @file{~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub}) as |
2192 | @file{@var{<your-username-here>}_rsa.pub} and put | |
191e79da JB |
2193 | @file{guix-config.scm} in the same directory. In a new terminal run |
2194 | these commands. | |
2195 | ||
2196 | @example | |
2197 | sftp root@@<remote server ip address> | |
de153970 GS |
2198 | put /path/to/files/<username>_rsa.pub . |
2199 | put /path/to/files/guix-config.scm . | |
191e79da JB |
2200 | @end example |
2201 | ||
2202 | In your first terminal, mount the guix drive: | |
2203 | ||
2204 | @example | |
2205 | mkdir /mnt/guix | |
2206 | mount /dev/sdc /mnt/guix | |
2207 | @end example | |
2208 | ||
de153970 GS |
2209 | Due to the way we set up the bootloader section of the guix-config.scm, |
2210 | only the grub configuration file will be installed. So, we need to copy | |
2211 | over some of the other GRUB stuff already installed on the Debian system: | |
191e79da JB |
2212 | |
2213 | @example | |
2214 | mkdir -p /mnt/guix/boot/grub | |
2215 | cp -r /boot/grub/* /mnt/guix/boot/grub/ | |
2216 | @end example | |
2217 | ||
2218 | Now initialize the Guix installation: | |
2219 | ||
2220 | @example | |
2221 | guix system init guix-config.scm /mnt/guix | |
2222 | @end example | |
2223 | ||
2224 | Ok, power it down! | |
2225 | Now from the Linode console, select boot and select "Guix". | |
2226 | ||
2227 | Once it boots, you should be able to log in via SSH! (The server config | |
2228 | will have changed though.) You may encounter an error like: | |
2229 | ||
2230 | @example | |
2231 | $ ssh root@@<server ip address> | |
2232 | @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ | |
2233 | @ WARNING: REMOTE HOST IDENTIFICATION HAS CHANGED! @ | |
2234 | @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ | |
2235 | IT IS POSSIBLE THAT SOMEONE IS DOING SOMETHING NASTY! | |
2236 | Someone could be eavesdropping on you right now (man-in-the-middle attack)! | |
2237 | It is also possible that a host key has just been changed. | |
2238 | The fingerprint for the ECDSA key sent by the remote host is | |
2239 | SHA256:0B+wp33w57AnKQuHCvQP0+ZdKaqYrI/kyU7CfVbS7R4. | |
2240 | Please contact your system administrator. | |
2241 | Add correct host key in /home/joshua/.ssh/known_hosts to get rid of this message. | |
2242 | Offending ECDSA key in /home/joshua/.ssh/known_hosts:3 | |
2243 | ECDSA host key for 198.58.98.76 has changed and you have requested strict checking. | |
2244 | Host key verification failed. | |
2245 | @end example | |
2246 | ||
2247 | Either delete @file{~/.ssh/known_hosts} file, or delete the offending line | |
2248 | starting with your server IP address. | |
2249 | ||
2250 | Be sure to set your password and root's password. | |
2251 | ||
2252 | @example | |
2253 | ssh root@@<remote ip address> | |
2254 | passwd ; for the root password | |
2255 | passwd <username> ; for the user password | |
2256 | @end example | |
2257 | ||
2258 | You may not be able to run the above commands at this point. If you | |
2259 | have issues remotely logging into your linode box via SSH, then you may | |
2260 | still need to set your root and user password initially by clicking on | |
2261 | the ``Launch Console'' option in your linode. Choose the ``Glish'' | |
2262 | instead of ``Weblish''. Now you should be able to ssh into the machine. | |
2263 | ||
de153970 | 2264 | Hooray! At this point you can shut down the server, delete the |
191e79da JB |
2265 | Debian disk, and resize the Guix to the rest of the size. |
2266 | Congratulations! | |
2267 | ||
2268 | By the way, if you save it as a disk image right at this point, you'll | |
2269 | have an easy time spinning up new Guix images! You may need to | |
2270 | down-size the Guix image to 6144MB, to save it as an image. Then you | |
2271 | can resize it again to the max size. | |
2272 | ||
60651dd9 MB |
2273 | @node Setting up a bind mount |
2274 | @section Setting up a bind mount | |
2275 | ||
2276 | To bind mount a file system, one must first set up some definitions | |
cc765e47 | 2277 | before the @code{operating-system} section of the system definition. In |
60651dd9 | 2278 | this example we will bind mount a folder from a spinning disk drive to |
2c8305d1 NG |
2279 | @file{/tmp}, to save wear and tear on the primary SSD, without |
2280 | dedicating an entire partition to be mounted as @file{/tmp}. | |
60651dd9 MB |
2281 | |
2282 | First, the source drive that hosts the folder we wish to bind mount | |
2283 | should be defined, so that the bind mount can depend on it. | |
2284 | ||
2285 | @lisp | |
2286 | (define source-drive ;; "source-drive" can be named anything you want. | |
2287 | (file-system | |
2288 | (device (uuid "UUID goes here")) | |
2289 | (mount-point "/path-to-spinning-disk-goes-here") | |
2290 | (type "ext4"))) ;; Make sure to set this to the appropriate type for your drive. | |
2291 | @end lisp | |
2292 | ||
2293 | The source folder must also be defined, so that guix will know it's not | |
2294 | a regular block device, but a folder. | |
2295 | @lisp | |
2296 | (define (%source-directory) "/path-to-spinning-disk-goes-here/tmp") ;; "source-directory" can be named any valid variable name. | |
2297 | @end lisp | |
2298 | ||
2299 | Finally, inside the @code{file-systems} definition, we must add the | |
2300 | mount itself. | |
2301 | ||
2302 | @lisp | |
2303 | (file-systems (cons* | |
2304 | ||
2305 | ...<other drives omitted for clarity>... | |
2306 | ||
2307 | source-drive ;; Must match the name you gave the source drive in the earlier definition. | |
2308 | ||
2309 | (file-system | |
2310 | (device (%source-directory)) ;; Make sure "source-directory" matches your earlier definition. | |
2311 | (mount-point "/tmp") | |
2312 | (type "none") ;; We are mounting a folder, not a partition, so this type needs to be "none" | |
2313 | (flags '(bind-mount)) | |
2314 | (dependencies (list source-drive)) ;; Ensure "source-drive" matches what you've named the variable for the drive. | |
2315 | ) | |
2316 | ||
2317 | ...<other drives omitted for clarity>... | |
2318 | ||
2319 | )) | |
2320 | @end lisp | |
2321 | ||
c987b723 BW |
2322 | @node Getting substitutes from Tor |
2323 | @section Getting substitutes from Tor | |
2324 | ||
2325 | Guix daemon can use a HTTP proxy to get substitutes, here we are | |
2326 | configuring it to get them via Tor. | |
2327 | ||
2328 | @quotation Warning | |
2329 | @emph{Not all} Guix daemon's traffic will go through Tor! Only | |
2330 | HTTP/HTTPS will get proxied; FTP, Git protocol, SSH, etc connections | |
2331 | will still go through the clearnet. Again, this configuration isn't | |
2332 | foolproof some of your traffic won't get routed by Tor at all. Use it | |
2333 | at your own risk. | |
f8945734 AB |
2334 | |
2335 | Also note that the procedure described here applies only to package | |
2336 | substitution. When you update your guix distribution with | |
2337 | @command{guix pull}, you still need to use @command{torsocks} if | |
2338 | you want to route the connection to guix's git repository servers | |
2339 | through Tor. | |
c987b723 BW |
2340 | @end quotation |
2341 | ||
2342 | Guix's substitute server is available as a Onion service, if you want | |
f8945734 | 2343 | to use it to get your substitutes through Tor configure your system as |
c987b723 BW |
2344 | follow: |
2345 | ||
2346 | @lisp | |
2347 | (use-modules (gnu)) | |
2348 | (use-service-module base networking) | |
2349 | ||
2350 | (operating-system | |
2351 | … | |
2352 | (services | |
2353 | (cons | |
2354 | (service tor-service-type | |
2355 | (tor-configuration | |
2356 | (config-file (plain-file "tor-config" | |
2357 | "HTTPTunnelPort 127.0.0.1:9250")))) | |
2358 | (modify-services %base-services | |
2359 | (guix-service-type | |
2360 | config => (guix-configuration | |
2361 | (inherit config) | |
2362 | ;; ci.guix.gnu.org's Onion service | |
2363 | (substitute-urls "https://bp7o7ckwlewr4slm.onion") | |
2364 | (http-proxy "http://localhost:9250"))))))) | |
2365 | @end lisp | |
2366 | ||
2367 | This will keep a tor process running that provides a HTTP CONNECT tunnel | |
2368 | which will be used by @command{guix-daemon}. The daemon can use other | |
2369 | protocols than HTTP(S) to get remote resources, request using those | |
2370 | protocols won't go through Tor since we are only setting a HTTP tunnel | |
2371 | here. Note that @code{substitutes-urls} is using HTTPS and not HTTP or | |
2372 | it won't work, that's a limitation of Tor's tunnel; you may want to use | |
2373 | @command{privoxy} instead to avoid such limitations. | |
2374 | ||
2375 | If you don't want to always get substitutes through Tor but using it just | |
2376 | some of the times, then skip the @code{guix-configuration}. When you | |
2377 | want to get a substitute from the Tor tunnel run: | |
2378 | ||
2379 | @example | |
2380 | sudo herd set-http-proxy guix-daemon http://localhost:9250 | |
2381 | guix build --substitute-urls=https://bp7o7ckwlewr4slm.onion … | |
2382 | @end example | |
2383 | ||
00014f76 OP |
2384 | @node Setting up NGINX with Lua |
2385 | @section Setting up NGINX with Lua | |
2386 | @cindex nginx, lua, openresty, resty | |
2387 | ||
2388 | NGINX could be extended with Lua scripts. | |
2389 | ||
2390 | Guix provides NGINX service with ability to load Lua module and specific | |
2391 | Lua packages, and reply to requests by evaluating Lua scripts. | |
2392 | ||
2393 | The following example demonstrates system definition with configuration | |
2394 | to evaluate @file{index.lua} Lua script on HTTP request to | |
2395 | @uref{http://localhost/hello} endpoint: | |
2396 | ||
2397 | @example | |
2398 | local shell = require "resty.shell" | |
2399 | ||
2400 | local stdin = "" | |
2401 | local timeout = 1000 -- ms | |
2402 | local max_size = 4096 -- byte | |
2403 | ||
2404 | local ok, stdout, stderr, reason, status = | |
2405 | shell.run([[/run/current-system/profile/bin/ls /tmp]], stdin, timeout, max_size) | |
2406 | ||
2407 | ngx.say(stdout) | |
2408 | @end example | |
2409 | ||
2410 | @lisp | |
2411 | (use-modules (gnu)) | |
2412 | (use-service-modules #;… web) | |
2413 | (use-package-modules #;… lua) | |
2414 | (operating-system | |
2415 | ;; … | |
2416 | (services | |
2417 | ;; … | |
2418 | (service nginx-service-type | |
2419 | (nginx-configuration | |
2420 | (modules | |
2421 | (list | |
2422 | (file-append nginx-lua-module "/etc/nginx/modules/ngx_http_lua_module.so"))) | |
2423 | (lua-package-path (list lua-resty-core | |
2424 | lua-resty-lrucache | |
2425 | lua-resty-signal | |
2426 | lua-tablepool | |
2427 | lua-resty-shell)) | |
2428 | (lua-package-cpath (list lua-resty-signal)) | |
2429 | (server-blocks | |
2430 | (list (nginx-server-configuration | |
2431 | (server-name '("localhost")) | |
2432 | (listen '("80")) | |
2433 | (root "/etc") | |
2434 | (locations (list | |
2435 | (nginx-location-configuration | |
2436 | (uri "/hello") | |
2437 | (body (list #~(format #f "content_by_lua_file ~s;" | |
2438 | #$(local-file "index.lua")))))))))))))) | |
2439 | @end lisp | |
2440 | ||
4c463569 PN |
2441 | @c ********************************************************************* |
2442 | @node Advanced package management | |
2443 | @chapter Advanced package management | |
2444 | ||
2445 | Guix is a functional package manager that offers many features beyond | |
2446 | what more traditional package managers can do. To the uninitiated, | |
2447 | those features might not have obvious use cases at first. The purpose | |
2448 | of this chapter is to demonstrate some advanced package management | |
2449 | concepts. | |
2450 | ||
2451 | @pxref{Package Management,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual} for a complete | |
2452 | reference. | |
2453 | ||
2454 | @menu | |
2455 | * Guix Profiles in Practice:: Strategies for multiple profiles and manifests. | |
2456 | @end menu | |
2457 | ||
2458 | @node Guix Profiles in Practice | |
2459 | @section Guix Profiles in Practice | |
2460 | ||
2461 | Guix provides a very useful feature that may be quite foreign to newcomers: | |
2462 | @emph{profiles}. They are a way to group package installations together and all users | |
f6c27c55 | 2463 | on the same system are free to use as many profiles as they want. |
4c463569 PN |
2464 | |
2465 | Whether you're a developer or not, you may find that multiple profiles bring you | |
2466 | great power and flexibility. While they shift the paradigm somewhat compared to | |
2467 | @emph{traditional package managers}, they are very convenient to use once you've | |
2468 | understood how to set them up. | |
2469 | ||
2470 | If you are familiar with Python's @samp{virtualenv}, you can think of a profile as a | |
2471 | kind of universal @samp{virtualenv} that can hold any kind of software whatsoever, not | |
2472 | just Python software. Furthermore, profiles are self-sufficient: they capture | |
2473 | all the runtime dependencies which guarantees that all programs within a profile | |
2474 | will always work at any point in time. | |
2475 | ||
2476 | Multiple profiles have many benefits: | |
2477 | ||
2478 | @itemize | |
2479 | @item | |
2480 | Clean semantic separation of the various packages a user needs for different contexts. | |
2481 | ||
2482 | @item | |
2483 | Multiple profiles can be made available into the environment either on login | |
2484 | or within a dedicated shell. | |
2485 | ||
2486 | @item | |
2487 | Profiles can be loaded on demand. For instance, the user can use multiple | |
2488 | shells, each of them running different profiles. | |
2489 | ||
2490 | @item | |
2491 | Isolation: Programs from one profile will not use programs from the other, and | |
f6c27c55 | 2492 | the user can even install different versions of the same programs to the two |
4c463569 PN |
2493 | profiles without conflict. |
2494 | ||
2495 | @item | |
2496 | Deduplication: Profiles share dependencies that happens to be the exact same. | |
2497 | This makes multiple profiles storage-efficient. | |
2498 | ||
2499 | @item | |
2500 | Reproducible: when used with declarative manifests, a profile can be fully | |
2501 | specified by the Guix commit that was active when it was set up. This means | |
f6c27c55 PN |
2502 | that the exact same profile can be |
2503 | @uref{https://guix.gnu.org/blog/2018/multi-dimensional-transactions-and-rollbacks-oh-my/, | |
2504 | set up anywhere and anytime}, with just the commit information. See the | |
2505 | section on @ref{Reproducible profiles}. | |
4c463569 PN |
2506 | |
2507 | @item | |
2508 | Easier upgrades and maintenance: Multiple profiles make it easy to keep | |
af67e8d0 | 2509 | package listings at hand and make upgrades completely frictionless. |
4c463569 PN |
2510 | @end itemize |
2511 | ||
2512 | Concretely, here follows some typical profiles: | |
2513 | ||
2514 | @itemize | |
2515 | @item | |
2516 | The dependencies of a project you are working on. | |
2517 | ||
2518 | @item | |
2519 | Your favourite programming language libraries. | |
2520 | ||
2521 | @item | |
2522 | Laptop-specific programs (like @samp{powertop}) that you don't need on a desktop. | |
2523 | ||
2524 | @item | |
2525 | @TeX{}live (this one can be really useful when you need to install just one | |
2526 | package for this one document you've just received over email). | |
2527 | ||
2528 | @item | |
2529 | Games. | |
2530 | @end itemize | |
2531 | ||
2532 | Let's dive in the set up! | |
2533 | ||
2534 | @node Basic setup with manifests | |
2535 | @subsection Basic setup with manifests | |
2536 | ||
2537 | A Guix profile can be set up @emph{via} a so-called @emph{manifest specification} that looks like | |
2538 | this: | |
2539 | ||
b1eecb5c | 2540 | @lisp |
4c463569 PN |
2541 | (specifications->manifest |
2542 | '("package-1" | |
2543 | ;; Version 1.3 of package-2. | |
2544 | "package-2@@1.3" | |
2545 | ;; The "lib" output of package-3. | |
2546 | "package-3:lib" | |
2547 | ; ... | |
2548 | "package-N")) | |
b1eecb5c | 2549 | @end lisp |
4c463569 | 2550 | |
b1eecb5c | 2551 | @pxref{Invoking guix package,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}, for |
4c463569 PN |
2552 | the syntax details. |
2553 | ||
2554 | We can create a manifest specification per profile and install them this way: | |
2555 | ||
2556 | @example | |
2557 | GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES=$HOME/.guix-extra-profiles | |
2558 | mkdir -p "$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES"/my-project # if it does not exist yet | |
2559 | guix package --manifest=/path/to/guix-my-project-manifest.scm --profile="$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES"/my-project/my-project | |
2560 | @end example | |
2561 | ||
2562 | Here we set an arbitrary variable @samp{GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES} to point to the directory | |
2563 | where we will store our profiles in the rest of this article. | |
2564 | ||
2565 | Placing all your profiles in a single directory, with each profile getting its | |
2566 | own sub-directory, is somewhat cleaner. This way, each sub-directory will | |
128b136e NG |
2567 | contain all the symlinks for precisely one profile. Besides, ``looping over |
2568 | profiles'' becomes obvious from any programming language (e.g.@: a shell script) by | |
4c463569 PN |
2569 | simply looping over the sub-directories of @samp{$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES}. |
2570 | ||
2571 | Note that it's also possible to loop over the output of | |
2572 | ||
2573 | @example | |
2574 | guix package --list-profiles | |
2575 | @end example | |
2576 | ||
2c8305d1 | 2577 | although you'll probably have to filter out @file{~/.config/guix/current}. |
4c463569 | 2578 | |
2c8305d1 | 2579 | To enable all profiles on login, add this to your @file{~/.bash_profile} (or similar): |
4c463569 PN |
2580 | |
2581 | @example | |
2582 | for i in $GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES/*; do | |
2583 | profile=$i/$(basename "$i") | |
2584 | if [ -f "$profile"/etc/profile ]; then | |
2585 | GUIX_PROFILE="$profile" | |
2586 | . "$GUIX_PROFILE"/etc/profile | |
2587 | fi | |
2588 | unset profile | |
2589 | done | |
2590 | @end example | |
2591 | ||
2592 | Note to Guix System users: the above reflects how your default profile | |
2c8305d1 NG |
2593 | @file{~/.guix-profile} is activated from @file{/etc/profile}, that latter being loaded by |
2594 | @file{~/.bashrc} by default. | |
4c463569 PN |
2595 | |
2596 | You can obviously choose to only enable a subset of them: | |
2597 | ||
2598 | @example | |
2599 | for i in "$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES"/my-project-1 "$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES"/my-project-2; do | |
2600 | profile=$i/$(basename "$i") | |
2601 | if [ -f "$profile"/etc/profile ]; then | |
2602 | GUIX_PROFILE="$profile" | |
2603 | . "$GUIX_PROFILE"/etc/profile | |
2604 | fi | |
2605 | unset profile | |
2606 | done | |
2607 | @end example | |
2608 | ||
2609 | When a profile is off, it's straightforward to enable it for an individual shell | |
2610 | without "polluting" the rest of the user session: | |
2611 | ||
2612 | @example | |
2613 | GUIX_PROFILE="path/to/my-project" ; . "$GUIX_PROFILE"/etc/profile | |
2614 | @end example | |
2615 | ||
2616 | The key to enabling a profile is to @emph{source} its @samp{etc/profile} file. This file | |
2617 | contains shell code that exports the right environment variables necessary to | |
2618 | activate the software contained in the profile. It is built automatically by | |
2619 | Guix and meant to be sourced. | |
2620 | It contains the same variables you would get if you ran: | |
2621 | ||
2622 | @example | |
2623 | guix package --search-paths=prefix --profile=$my_profile" | |
2624 | @end example | |
2625 | ||
2626 | Once again, see (@pxref{Invoking guix package,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}) | |
2627 | for the command line options. | |
2628 | ||
2629 | To upgrade a profile, simply install the manifest again: | |
2630 | ||
2631 | @example | |
2632 | guix package -m /path/to/guix-my-project-manifest.scm -p "$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES"/my-project/my-project | |
2633 | @end example | |
2634 | ||
2635 | To upgrade all profiles, it's easy enough to loop over them. For instance, | |
2636 | assuming your manifest specifications are stored in | |
2c8305d1 | 2637 | @file{~/.guix-manifests/guix-$profile-manifest.scm}, with @samp{$profile} being the name |
cc765e47 | 2638 | of the profile (e.g.@: "project1"), you could do the following in Bourne shell: |
4c463569 PN |
2639 | |
2640 | @example | |
2641 | for profile in "$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES"/*; do | |
2642 | guix package --profile="$profile" --manifest="$HOME/.guix-manifests/guix-$profile-manifest.scm" | |
2643 | done | |
2644 | @end example | |
2645 | ||
2646 | Each profile has its own generations: | |
2647 | ||
2648 | @example | |
2649 | guix package -p "$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES"/my-project/my-project --list-generations | |
2650 | @end example | |
2651 | ||
2652 | You can roll-back to any generation of a given profile: | |
2653 | ||
2654 | @example | |
2655 | guix package -p "$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES"/my-project/my-project --switch-generations=17 | |
2656 | @end example | |
cb7b501d PN |
2657 | |
2658 | Finally, if you want to switch to a profile without inheriting from the | |
2659 | current environment, you can activate it from an empty shell: | |
2660 | ||
2661 | @example | |
2662 | env -i $(which bash) --login --noprofile --norc | |
2663 | . my-project/etc/profile | |
2664 | @end example | |
4c463569 PN |
2665 | |
2666 | @node Required packages | |
2667 | @subsection Required packages | |
2668 | ||
2669 | Activating a profile essentially boils down to exporting a bunch of | |
2670 | environmental variables. This is the role of the @samp{etc/profile} within the | |
2671 | profile. | |
2672 | ||
2673 | @emph{Note: Only the environmental variables of the packages that consume them will | |
2674 | be set.} | |
2675 | ||
2676 | For instance, @samp{MANPATH} won't be set if there is no consumer application for man | |
2677 | pages within the profile. So if you need to transparently access man pages once | |
2678 | the profile is loaded, you've got two options: | |
2679 | ||
2680 | @itemize | |
2681 | @item | |
2682 | Either export the variable manually, e.g. | |
2683 | @example | |
f6c27c55 | 2684 | export MANPATH=/path/to/profile$@{MANPATH:+:@}$MANPATH |
4c463569 PN |
2685 | @end example |
2686 | ||
2687 | @item | |
2688 | Or include @samp{man-db} to the profile manifest. | |
2689 | @end itemize | |
2690 | ||
2691 | The same is true for @samp{INFOPATH} (you can install @samp{info-reader}), | |
2692 | @samp{PKG_CONFIG_PATH} (install @samp{pkg-config}), etc. | |
2693 | ||
2694 | @node Default profile | |
2695 | @subsection Default profile | |
2696 | ||
2c8305d1 | 2697 | What about the default profile that Guix keeps in @file{~/.guix-profile}? |
4c463569 PN |
2698 | |
2699 | You can assign it the role you want. Typically you would install the manifest | |
2700 | of the packages you want to use all the time. | |
2701 | ||
128b136e | 2702 | Alternatively, you could keep it ``manifest-less'' for throw-away packages |
4c463569 PN |
2703 | that you would just use for a couple of days. |
2704 | This way makes it convenient to run | |
2705 | ||
2706 | @example | |
2707 | guix install package-foo | |
2708 | guix upgrade package-bar | |
2709 | @end example | |
2710 | ||
2711 | without having to specify the path to a profile. | |
2712 | ||
2713 | @node The benefits of manifests | |
2714 | @subsection The benefits of manifests | |
2715 | ||
2716 | Manifests are a convenient way to keep your package lists around and, say, | |
2717 | to synchronize them across multiple machines using a version control system. | |
2718 | ||
2719 | A common complaint about manifests is that they can be slow to install when they | |
2720 | contain large number of packages. This is especially cumbersome when you just | |
2721 | want get an upgrade for one package within a big manifest. | |
2722 | ||
2723 | This is one more reason to use multiple profiles, which happen to be just | |
2724 | perfect to break down manifests into multiple sets of semantically connected | |
2725 | packages. Using multiple, small profiles provides more flexibility and | |
2726 | usability. | |
2727 | ||
2728 | Manifests come with multiple benefits. In particular, they ease maintenance: | |
2729 | ||
2730 | @itemize | |
2731 | @item | |
2732 | When a profile is set up from a manifest, the manifest itself is | |
128b136e | 2733 | self-sufficient to keep a ``package listing'' around and reinstall the profile |
4c463569 PN |
2734 | later or on a different system. For ad-hoc profiles, we would need to |
2735 | generate a manifest specification manually and maintain the package versions | |
2736 | for the packages that don't use the default version. | |
2737 | ||
2738 | @item | |
2739 | @code{guix package --upgrade} always tries to update the packages that have | |
2740 | propagated inputs, even if there is nothing to do. Guix manifests remove this | |
2741 | problem. | |
2742 | ||
2743 | @item | |
2744 | When partially upgrading a profile, conflicts may arise (due to diverging | |
2745 | dependencies between the updated and the non-updated packages) and they can be | |
2746 | annoying to resolve manually. Manifests remove this problem altogether since | |
2747 | all packages are always upgraded at once. | |
2748 | ||
2749 | @item | |
2750 | As mentioned above, manifests allow for reproducible profiles, while the | |
2751 | imperative @code{guix install}, @code{guix upgrade}, etc. do not, since they produce | |
2752 | different profiles every time even when they hold the same packages. See | |
2753 | @uref{https://issues.guix.gnu.org/issue/33285, the related discussion on the matter}. | |
2754 | ||
2755 | @item | |
2756 | Manifest specifications are usable by other @samp{guix} commands. For example, you | |
2757 | can run @code{guix weather -m manifest.scm} to see how many substitutes are | |
2758 | available, which can help you decide whether you want to try upgrading today | |
2759 | or wait a while. Another example: you can run @code{guix pack -m manifest.scm} to | |
2760 | create a pack containing all the packages in the manifest (and their | |
2761 | transitive references). | |
2762 | ||
2763 | @item | |
2764 | Finally, manifests have a Scheme representation, the @samp{<manifest>} record type. | |
2765 | They can be manipulated in Scheme and passed to the various Guix @uref{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Api, APIs}. | |
2766 | @end itemize | |
2767 | ||
2768 | It's important to understand that while manifests can be used to declare | |
2769 | profiles, they are not strictly equivalent: profiles have the side effect that | |
128b136e | 2770 | they ``pin'' packages in the store, which prevents them from being |
4c463569 PN |
2771 | garbage-collected (@pxref{Invoking guix gc,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}) |
2772 | and ensures that they will still be available at any point in | |
2773 | the future. | |
2774 | ||
2775 | Let's take an example: | |
2776 | ||
2777 | @enumerate | |
2778 | @item | |
2779 | We have an environment for hacking on a project for which there isn't a Guix | |
2780 | package yet. We build the environment using a manifest, and then run @code{guix | |
2781 | environment -m manifest.scm}. So far so good. | |
2782 | ||
2783 | @item | |
2784 | Many weeks pass and we have run a couple of @code{guix pull} in the mean time. | |
2785 | Maybe a dependency from our manifest has been updated; or we may have run | |
2786 | @code{guix gc} and some packages needed by our manifest have been | |
2787 | garbage-collected. | |
2788 | ||
2789 | @item | |
2790 | Eventually, we set to work on that project again, so we run @code{guix environment | |
2791 | -m manifest.scm}. But now we have to wait for Guix to build and install | |
2792 | stuff! | |
2793 | @end enumerate | |
2794 | ||
2795 | Ideally, we could spare the rebuild time. And indeed we can, all we need is to | |
2796 | install the manifest to a profile and use @code{GUIX_PROFILE=/the/profile; | |
2797 | . "$GUIX_PROFILE"/etc/profile} as explained above: this guarantees that our | |
2798 | hacking environment will be available at all times. | |
2799 | ||
2800 | @emph{Security warning:} While keeping old profiles around can be convenient, keep in | |
2801 | mind that outdated packages may not have received the latest security fixes. | |
2802 | ||
2803 | @node Reproducible profiles | |
2804 | @subsection Reproducible profiles | |
2805 | ||
2806 | To reproduce a profile bit-for-bit, we need two pieces of information: | |
2807 | ||
2808 | @itemize | |
2809 | @item | |
2810 | a manifest, | |
2811 | @item | |
2812 | a Guix channel specification. | |
2813 | @end itemize | |
2814 | ||
2815 | Indeed, manifests alone might not be enough: different Guix versions (or | |
2816 | different channels) can produce different outputs for a given manifest. | |
2817 | ||
2818 | You can output the Guix channel specification with @samp{guix describe | |
2819 | --format=channels}. | |
2820 | Save this to a file, say @samp{channel-specs.scm}. | |
2821 | ||
2822 | On another computer, you can use the channel specification file and the manifest | |
2823 | to reproduce the exact same profile: | |
2824 | ||
2825 | @example | |
2826 | GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES=$HOME/.guix-extra-profiles | |
2827 | GUIX_EXTRA=$HOME/.guix-extra | |
2828 | ||
2829 | mkdir "$GUIX_EXTRA"/my-project | |
2830 | guix pull --channels=channel-specs.scm --profile "$GUIX_EXTRA/my-project/guix" | |
2831 | ||
2832 | mkdir -p "$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES/my-project" | |
2833 | "$GUIX_EXTRA"/my-project/guix/bin/guix package --manifest=/path/to/guix-my-project-manifest.scm --profile="$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES"/my-project/my-project | |
2834 | @end example | |
2835 | ||
2836 | It's safe to delete the Guix channel profile you've just installed with the | |
2837 | channel specification, the project profile does not depend on it. | |
2838 | ||
d0fc1e83 OP |
2839 | @c ********************************************************************* |
2840 | @node Environment management | |
2841 | @chapter Environment management | |
2842 | ||
2843 | Guix provides multiple tools to manage environment. This chapter | |
2844 | demonstrate such utilities. | |
2845 | ||
2846 | @menu | |
2847 | * Guix environment via direnv:: Setup Guix environment with direnv | |
2848 | @end menu | |
2849 | ||
2850 | @node Guix environment via direnv | |
2851 | @section Guix environment via direnv | |
2852 | ||
2853 | Guix provides a @samp{direnv} package, which could extend shell after | |
2854 | directory change. This tool could be used to prepare a pure Guix | |
2855 | environment. | |
2856 | ||
2857 | The following example provides a shell function for @file{~/.direnvrc} | |
2858 | file, which could be used from Guix Git repository in | |
2859 | @file{~/src/guix/.envrc} file to setup a build environment similar to | |
2860 | described in @pxref{Building from Git,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference | |
2861 | Manual}. | |
2862 | ||
2863 | Create a @file{~/.direnvrc} with a Bash code: | |
2864 | ||
2865 | @example | |
2866 | # Thanks <https://github.com/direnv/direnv/issues/73#issuecomment-152284914> | |
2867 | export_function() | |
2868 | @{ | |
2869 | local name=$1 | |
2870 | local alias_dir=$PWD/.direnv/aliases | |
2871 | mkdir -p "$alias_dir" | |
2872 | PATH_add "$alias_dir" | |
2873 | local target="$alias_dir/$name" | |
2874 | if declare -f "$name" >/dev/null; then | |
2875 | echo "#!$SHELL" > "$target" | |
2876 | declare -f "$name" >> "$target" 2>/dev/null | |
2877 | # Notice that we add shell variables to the function trigger. | |
2878 | echo "$name \$*" >> "$target" | |
2879 | chmod +x "$target" | |
2880 | fi | |
2881 | @} | |
2882 | ||
2883 | use_guix() | |
2884 | @{ | |
2885 | # Set GitHub token. | |
2886 | export GUIX_GITHUB_TOKEN="xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx" | |
2887 | ||
2888 | # Unset 'GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH'. | |
2889 | export GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH="" | |
2890 | ||
2891 | # Recreate a garbage collector root. | |
2892 | gcroots="$HOME/.config/guix/gcroots" | |
2893 | mkdir -p "$gcroots" | |
2894 | gcroot="$gcroots/guix" | |
2895 | if [ -L "$gcroot" ] | |
2896 | then | |
2897 | rm -v "$gcroot" | |
2898 | fi | |
2899 | ||
2900 | # Miscellaneous packages. | |
2901 | PACKAGES_MAINTENANCE=( | |
2902 | direnv | |
2903 | git | |
2904 | git:send-email | |
2905 | git-cal | |
2906 | gnupg | |
2907 | guile-colorized | |
2908 | guile-readline | |
2909 | less | |
2910 | ncurses | |
2911 | openssh | |
2912 | xdot | |
2913 | ) | |
2914 | ||
2915 | # Environment packages. | |
2916 | PACKAGES=(help2man guile-sqlite3 guile-gcrypt) | |
2917 | ||
2918 | # Thanks <https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/guix-devel/2016-09/msg00859.html> | |
2919 | eval "$(guix environment --search-paths --root="$gcroot" --pure guix --ad-hoc $@{PACKAGES[@@]@} $@{PACKAGES_MAINTENANCE[@@]@} "$@@")" | |
2920 | ||
2921 | # Predefine configure flags. | |
2922 | configure() | |
2923 | @{ | |
2924 | ./configure --localstatedir=/var --prefix= | |
2925 | @} | |
2926 | export_function configure | |
2927 | ||
2928 | # Run make and optionally build something. | |
2929 | build() | |
2930 | @{ | |
2931 | make -j 2 | |
2932 | if [ $# -gt 0 ] | |
2933 | then | |
2934 | ./pre-inst-env guix build "$@@" | |
2935 | fi | |
2936 | @} | |
2937 | export_function build | |
2938 | ||
2939 | # Predefine push Git command. | |
2940 | push() | |
2941 | @{ | |
2942 | git push --set-upstream origin | |
2943 | @} | |
2944 | export_function push | |
2945 | ||
2946 | clear # Clean up the screen. | |
2947 | git-cal --author='Your Name' # Show contributions calendar. | |
2948 | ||
2949 | # Show commands help. | |
2950 | echo " | |
2951 | build build a package or just a project if no argument provided | |
2952 | configure run ./configure with predefined parameters | |
2953 | push push to upstream Git repository | |
2954 | " | |
2955 | @} | |
2956 | @end example | |
2957 | ||
2958 | Every project containing @file{.envrc} with a string @code{use guix} | |
2959 | will have predefined environment variables and procedures. | |
2960 | ||
2961 | Run @command{direnv allow} to setup the environment for the first time. | |
2962 | ||
7bc46ecc RW |
2963 | @c ********************************************************************* |
2964 | @node Acknowledgments | |
2965 | @chapter Acknowledgments | |
2966 | ||
2967 | Guix is based on the @uref{https://nixos.org/nix/, Nix package manager}, | |
2968 | which was designed and | |
2969 | implemented by Eelco Dolstra, with contributions from other people (see | |
2970 | the @file{nix/AUTHORS} file in Guix.) Nix pioneered functional package | |
2971 | management, and promoted unprecedented features, such as transactional | |
2972 | package upgrades and rollbacks, per-user profiles, and referentially | |
2973 | transparent build processes. Without this work, Guix would not exist. | |
2974 | ||
2975 | The Nix-based software distributions, Nixpkgs and NixOS, have also been | |
2976 | an inspiration for Guix. | |
2977 | ||
2978 | GNU@tie{}Guix itself is a collective work with contributions from a | |
2979 | number of people. See the @file{AUTHORS} file in Guix for more | |
2980 | information on these fine people. The @file{THANKS} file lists people | |
2981 | who have helped by reporting bugs, taking care of the infrastructure, | |
2982 | providing artwork and themes, making suggestions, and more---thank you! | |
2983 | ||
2984 | This document includes adapted sections from articles that have previously | |
2985 | been published on the Guix blog at @uref{https://guix.gnu.org/blog}. | |
2986 | ||
2987 | ||
2988 | @c ********************************************************************* | |
2989 | @node GNU Free Documentation License | |
2990 | @appendix GNU Free Documentation License | |
2991 | @cindex license, GNU Free Documentation License | |
2992 | @include fdl-1.3.texi | |
2993 | ||
2994 | @c ********************************************************************* | |
2995 | @node Concept Index | |
2996 | @unnumbered Concept Index | |
2997 | @printindex cp | |
2998 | ||
2999 | @bye | |
3000 | ||
3001 | @c Local Variables: | |
3002 | @c ispell-local-dictionary: "american"; | |
3003 | @c End: |